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Tr 101 374-01 TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) Technical Report Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Broadband satellite multimedia; Part 1: Survey on standardization objectives 2 TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) Reference DTR/SES-00038-1 (cq090ios.PDF) Keywords broadband, satellite, earth station, multimedia ETSI Postal address F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Office address 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis Valbonne - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Internet [email protected] http://www.etsi.org Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. © European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1998. All rights reserved. ETSI 3 TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) Contents Intellectual Property Rights..............................................................................................................................10 Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................10 1 Scope......................................................................................................................................................11 2 References..............................................................................................................................................11 3 Abbreviations.........................................................................................................................................12 4 Introduction............................................................................................................................................15 5 Broadband multimedia...........................................................................................................................15 5.1 What is broadband multimedia communications? ........................................................................................... 15 5.1.1 Multimedia ................................................................................................................................................. 15 5.1.2 Multimedia communications ...................................................................................................................... 15 5.1.3 Broadband multimedia communication...................................................................................................... 16 5.2 Multimedia mobility and nomadic use............................................................................................................. 17 5.2.1 Global Multimedia Mobility (GMM)......................................................................................................... 17 5.2.2 UMTS and S-UMTS .................................................................................................................................. 17 5.3 Satellites in multimedia communications......................................................................................................... 17 5.3.1 The target markets...................................................................................................................................... 17 5.3.2 Technological issues .................................................................................................................................. 18 5.3.3 Applications and services........................................................................................................................... 19 5.3.3.1 Applications.......................................................................................................................................... 19 5.3.3.2 Services ................................................................................................................................................ 20 5.3.3.3 Satellites as LAN inter-connection ....................................................................................................... 21 5.3.3.4 Satellites as broadband user access....................................................................................................... 21 5.3.3.5 Satellites for broadband service providers............................................................................................ 21 5.4 Multimedia communication interfaces............................................................................................................. 21 6 Broadband satellite communications .....................................................................................................22 6.1 Satellites for broadband communication.......................................................................................................... 22 6.2 Current satellite internet and multimedia services ........................................................................................... 22 6.3 System aspects ................................................................................................................................................. 22 6.3.1 Satellite orbits alternatives ......................................................................................................................... 22 6.3.1.1 Low Earth Orbit (LEO) ........................................................................................................................ 22 6.3.1.2 Medium Earth Orbits (MEO) / Intermediate Circular Orbits (ICO) ..................................................... 23 6.3.1.3 Highly Elliptical Orbits (HEO)............................................................................................................. 23 6.3.1.4 Geosynchronous orbit........................................................................................................................... 23 6.3.1.5 Geostationary Orbit (GEO)................................................................................................................... 23 6.3.1.6 Polar orbit............................................................................................................................................. 23 6.3.1.7 Sun-synchronous orbit .......................................................................................................................... 23 6.3.1.8 Groundtrack.......................................................................................................................................... 23 6.3.2 Frequency bands......................................................................................................................................... 23 6.3.2.1 L/S/C band............................................................................................................................................ 25 6.3.2.2 Ku band ................................................................................................................................................ 25 6.3.2.3 Ka band................................................................................................................................................. 25 6.3.2.4 V band .................................................................................................................................................. 26 6.3.3 Interference and coexistence ...................................................................................................................... 26 6.3.4 Bit Error Rates (BER) ................................................................................................................................ 28 6.3.5 Delay .......................................................................................................................................................... 28 6.3.6 Availability................................................................................................................................................. 28 6.3.7 Coverage .................................................................................................................................................... 29 6.3.8 Polarization ................................................................................................................................................ 29 6.3.9 Rain attenuation.......................................................................................................................................... 29 6.3.10 Protocols and transmission formats............................................................................................................ 30 6.4 The components involved ................................................................................................................................ 31 6.4.1 Network components.................................................................................................................................. 31 ETSI 4 TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 6.4.2 Satellites..................................................................................................................................................... 31 6.4.2.1 Satellite stabilization............................................................................................................................. 31 6.4.2.2 As switches or bent pipes?...................................................................................................................
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