Comparisons of Invasive Plants in Southern Africa Originating from Southern Temperate, Northern Temperate and Tropical Regions

Bothalia 36,2: 201-222 (2006)

Comparisons of invasive plants in southern Africa originating from southern temperate, northern temperate and tropical regions

L. HENDERSON*

Keywords: alien invasive plants, comparisons, southern Africa, temperate and tropical origins

ABSTRACT

A subset o f invasive alien plant species in southern Africa was analysed in terms o f their history o f introduction, rate of spread, countries/region o f origin, taxonomy, growth forms, cultivated uses, weed status and current distribution in southern Africa, and comparisons made o f those originating from south o f the tropic o f Capricorn, north o f the tropic o f Cancer and from the tropics. The subset o f 233 species, belonging to 58 families, includes all important declared species and some po tentially important species. Almost as many species originate from temperate regions (112) as from the tropics (121). Most southern temperate species came from Australia (28/36), most tropical species from tropical America (92/121) and most northern temperate species from Europe (including the Mediterranean) and Asia (58/76). Transformers account for 33% o f all species. More transformers are of tropical origin (36) than o f northern temperate (24) and southern temperate origin (18). However. 50% of southern temperate species are transformers, compared to 32% o f northern temperate and 29% of tropical species. Southern temperate transformer species are mainly woody trees and shrubs that were established on a grand scale as silvicultural crops, barriers (hedges, windbreaks and screens) and cover/binders. Most aquatics, herbs, climbers and succulent shrubs an. trom the tropics. Ornamentals are the single largest category o f plants from all three regions, the tropics having contributed twice as many species as temperate regions.

INTRODUCTION METHODS

All terminology relating to invasive plants such as The subset of 233 alien plant species selected for ‘alien’, ‘invasive’, 'naturalized', ‘weed’, ‘environmental this study includes all declared species under CARA, weed' and ‘transformer' are according to Richardson et excluding two hybrids that originated in South Africa al. (2000) unless stated otherwise in the text. More than (Rubus xproteus and Psidium xdurbanensis), and two 1 000 alien plant species are known to be naturalized in eucalypts for which there is little evidence of their inva siveness, Eucalyptus paniculata and E. sideroxylon. The southern Africa (Wells et al. 1986). A high proportion regions of origin were checked against the United States of these species are herbaceous, ruderal and agrestal Department of Agriculture's ARS Germplasm Resources weeds. This paper concentrates on a subset of 233 spe Information Network (GRIN) database, the Missouri cies extracted from the book “Alien weeds and invasive Botanical Garden s MBG: W3TROPICOS database, plants' by Henderson (2001) and which contains all the Mabberley (1997), and other literature sources. major and some of the emerging environmental weeds. Major invaders are those invasive alien species that are Southern temperate species are defined as those species whose region of origin is entirely south of. or well established, and which already have a substantial straddles, the tropic of Capricorn. This region includes impact on natural and semi-natural ecosystems; emerg the South American countries of Uruguay, Argentina. ing invaders currently have less influence but have Chile and southern Brazil. It also includes New Zealand. attributes and potentially suitable habitat that could result Tasmania and Australia (Australian Central Territory, in increased range and consequences in the next few New South Wales, Victoria. South Australia. Western decades (Nel et al. 2004). The list of species selected Australia and southern Queensland). for this study includes virtually all the declared plants Northern temperate species are defined as those spe whose control, propagation and trade are subject to the cies whose region of origin is entirely north of. or strad Conserv ation of Agricultural Resources Act. Act 43 of dles, the tropic of Cancer This region includes Europe, 1983 (CARA), as amended in 2001. North Africa, much of Asia, and North America.

Southern Africa has had a long history of plant intro Tropical species are defined as those species whose ductions from various parts of the world (Wells et al. region of origin occurs entirely within the tropics or 1986). This paper aims to compare the plants that have straddles either the tropics of Cancer or Capricorn. This originated from northern temperate, southern temperate region includes tropical America (the northern half of and tropical regions in terms of their history of introduc South America. Central America. Mexico and the West Indies), tropical Africa and Asia (much of India. Thailand tion. rate of spread, countries/region of origin, taxonomy, and Malaysia), Indonesia, and tropical Australia. growth forms, cultivated uses, weed status and current distribution in southern Africa. The earliest dates of occurrence in southern Africa were obtained from specimen records in the Pretoria

* Agricultural Research Council: Plant Protection Research Institute, National Herbarium (PRE) and various literature sources. c/o SANBI. Private Bag X I01, 0001 Pretoria The quarter-degree squares occupied and current natural e-mail: hendersonfa sanbi.org ized distributions of the species were obtained from the MS received: 2005-09-08. Southern African Plant Invaders Atlas (SAPIA) data 202 Bothalia 36,2 (2006) base and the Pretoria National Herbarium. The SAPIA The lists of species originating from southern temper database which is housed at the Agricultural Research ate, northern temperate and tropical regions are given in Council (ARC)— Plant Protection Research Institute in Appendices 1, 2 & 3. Pretoria, currently contains 50 000 locality records of more than 500 alien plant species. The database includes records from roadside surveys undertaken from 1979— RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1993 and from the SAPIA mapping project conducted from January 1994 until December 1998 (Henderson History of introduction of invasive species 1998), with further ad hoc records added to the present. Only 15 species were introduced before 1800 and Weed status was extracted from Henderson (2001). all had their origins in northern temperate and tropical The definitions of the various categories of environmen regions (Figure 1). The earliest species to arrive before tal weeds are after Swarbrick (1991). the colonization of the Cape by the Dutch in 1652, were Environmental weeds Ricinus communis (castor-oil plant) and Achyranthes aspera (burweed), believed to be of tropical African ori Transformers—plants which can dominate or replace gin, and Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle). any canopy or subcanopy layer of a natural or seminatu All three species are likely to have had a long association ral ecosystem, thereby altering its structure, integrity and with humans in Africa. Ricinus communis and C. roseus functioning. would have been used for their medicinal value, whereas A. aspera would have been dispersed by domestic live Potential transformers—plants that are already invad stock. There is evidence that R. communis was in the ing natural or seminatural habitats, and have the potential Eastern Cape more than 1 200 years ago (Brink 1988) to dominate any canopy or subcanopy layer but not yet and this begs the question whether it should be regarded having a marked effect. They are either transformers as indigenous and not alien. All three of the aforemen elsewhere in the world or showing signs of this ability in tioned species are widespread in southern Africa but have southern Africa. not become major invaders.

Special effect weeds—plants which can significantly The arrival of the Dutch at Cape Town in 1652 marks degrade the value or purpose for which a natural or the start of the introduction of plant species from other seminatural ecosystem is valued without necessarily continents that would eventually become major invaders. dominating it or greatly altering its vegetational structure Seven species arrived between 1652 and 1700. Species or functioning. Examples include weeds which compete of northern temperate origin were: Nasturtium offici with and replace similar native plants, are of high visual nale (watercress), Quercus robur (English oak), Sa/ix impact, poisonous, or have chemical irritants. babylonica (weeping willow), Pinus pinaster (cluster pine) and P. pinea (stone pine). Species of tropical ori Minor weeds—plants that invade and persist in any gin were: Opuntia ftcus-indica (sweet prickly pear) and canopy or subcanopy layer of a natural or seminatural Datura stramonium (common thorn apple). A further five ecosystem but cannot or do not dominate that layer or species arrived before 1800. Arundo donax (giant reed) seriously alter the vegetation structure or its functioning, was the only northern temperate species, whereas spe although the accumulation of several to many species may do so. cies from the tropics were Canna indica (Indian shot), Xanthium spinosum (spiny cocklebur), presumably an Ruderal and agrestal weeds accidental introduction, Opuntia rnonacantha (cochineal prickly pear) and Psidium guajava (guava). Six of the Mostly annual or biennial plants which are primarily species introduced before 1800 (Arundo donax, Opuntia weeds of waste places (ruderals) and cultivated lands ficus-indica, O. rnonacantha, Pinus pinaster, Psidium (agrestals). guajava and Sa/ix babylonica) are, or were previously.

FIGURE I.-—History o f introduc Date of arrival earliest date tion o f species from tropical, northern temperate and south Southern temperate Northern temperate Tropical ern temperate regions. Bothalia 36,2 (2006) 203 major invaders in southern Africa and have transformed 3.007 QDS/year. silvicultural crop, southern temperate), landscapes. They have either reached or are close to the Agave americana (American agave: 2.986 QDS/year, limits of their distribution in southern Africa. Opuntia barrier, tropical), Melia azedarach (seringa: 2.764 QDS/ ficus-indica and O. monacantha had reached pest status year, ornamental, tropical) and Opuntia ficus-indica in South Africa by the early 1900s but following success (2.501 QDS/year. agricultural crop, tropical). While ful biological control are no longer regarded as problems the dispersal of all these species has been assisted by in most parts of the country. humans, the current distributions of Agave americana and Populus xcanescens are almost entirely attributed to The greatest rate of arrival of species (1.45 species/ human-assisted dispersal. Populus xcanescens spreads year) occurred from 1820-1899. It was during this period only vegetatively by suckering. whereas Agaxe ameri that the first southern temperate species. Acacia longi- cana spreads mainly by suckering but also to a limited folia (long-leaved wattle), was introduced in 1827 from extent by seed. Australia (Stirton 1978), 170 years after the introduction of the first northern temperate species. From the 1830s to The earliest introductions from all regions of origin the 1880s many more Australian woody species, belong have, on average, spread the furthest. This is shown in ing to the genera Acacia, A triplex, Eucalyptus, Grevillea, Figure 2 which plots the mean QDS occupied in 2003 Hakea, Leptospermum, Paraserianthes, Pittosporum and against mean residence time for each of the regions of Syzygium were introduced as sand-binders. hedges, fod origin. The conclusion that can be drawn from this graph der plants and for timber. The first southern temperate is that most species still have a long way to go before species of South American origin to be introduced was reaching their potential spread. Opuntia aurantiaca (jointed cactus) as an ornamental rockery plant in 1843. Countries/regions of origin

Almost as many species arrived during the 1900s Almost as many species originated from temperate (103 species) as in the 1800s (115 species). Plants intro regions (112) as from the tropics (121) (Table 1). Most duced prior to 1850 were largely utility plants, whereas southern temperate species came from Australia (28/36), after 1850 a greater proportion of the species were of most tropical species from tropical America (Central ornamental value. This trend becomes more obvious in and northern South America. Mexico and West Indies) the 1900s. Up to the 1840s there is not a vast differ (93/121) and most northern temperate species from Europe, the Mediterranean coastline of southern Europe ence between the numbers of species from each of the and North Africa, and Asia (57/76). Only nine species are three regions (southern temperate— 10. northern temper entirely of African and Madagascan origin. ate— 19, tropical— 15). After 1850 many more species of tropical origin were introduced than of northern temper Taxonomy ate and southern temperate origin. The cumulative spe cies curves in Figure 1 show a surge in species arrival The subset of 233 species belongs to 58 families during the 1850s. This may partly be an artefact of the (Table 1). Most families (41) are of tropical origin; 28 very detailed records of plants in the Cape Town Botanic families are of northern temperate origin and 11 families Gardens provided by McGibbon in 1858. Seventy one of southern temperate origin. The Fabaceae is by far species in cultivation in the Cape Town Botanic Garden the largest family with 41 species. Only the Fabaceae, at this time are now on the list of 233 major and emerging Cactaceae and Poaceae have species from all three invaders. This includes some of the worst environmen regions of origin. tal weeds such as Chromolaena odorata (triffid weed), Lantana camara (lantana), Opuntia aurantiaca (jointed The top families, with the most number of species cactus) and Pereskia aculeata (pereskia). in each of the regions are: Fabaceae. Myrtaceae and Proteaceae from southern temperate regions: Rosaceae, Rate of spread Fabaceae. Pinaceae. Oleaceae and Salicaceae from northern temperate regions and Fabaceae. Asteraceae, Only a very rough estimate of rate of spread (total Solanaceae. Cactaceae and Myrtaceae from tropical quarter-degree squares (QDS) divided by years since regions. arrival) can be determined with the available data (Appendices 1, 2 & 3). This estimate is the average Most genera are of tropical origin (Table 1). However, rate of spread of the entire known history of a species the largest genus. Acacia, with 13 species is from the in southern Africa. One would not expect the rate to southern temperate region (Australia). Opuntia is the be constant over this time period. Historical data from only genus with species from all three regions (one the SAPIA database provides evidence that some spe from southern temperate, three from northern temperate, cies have had a slow rate of spread over much of their six from tropical regions). Few other genera are repre time period followed by exponential growth e.g. Azolla sented in more than one region (Cortaderia. Cuscuta, filiculoides (red water fern) and Campuloclinium macro- Eucalyptus, Myriophyllum, Oenothera, Pinus, Solanum, cephalum (pompom weed). Syzygium).

The species that have shown the fastest average rate Ten of the 58 families (17%) are alien to southern Afri of spread in southern Africa are Azolla filiculoides (4.418 ca (Appendices 1. 2 & 3). One family (Myoporaceae) QDS/ycar. ornamental, tropical), Prosopis glandulosa is from southern temperate regions, three families var. torreyana and hybrids (mesquite trees: 4.097 QDS/ (Fagaceae. Liliaceae sensu stricto. and Pinaceae) from year, agricultural crops, northern temperate), Populus northern temperate regions and six families (Agavaceae, xcanescens (grey poplar: 3.945 QDS/year. cover/binder, Aristolochiaceae. Cannaceae. Casuarinaceae. Papavera- northern temperate). Acacia mearnsii (black wattle: ceae. Pinaceae and Salviniaceae) from the tropics. The 204 Bothalia 36,2 (2006)

TABLE 1. Summary of taxonomy, growth forms, weed status, region of origin and cultivated uses of species originating from southern temperate, northern temperate and tropical regions. Transformer species are given in bold

Characteristics Southern Northern Tropical Total Characteristics Southern Northern Tropical Total temperate temperate temperate temperate

Taxonomy Verbenaceae spp. 2 (1 ) 2 (1) No. species 36(18) 76 (24) 121 (35) 233(77) Meliaceae spp. 2 (1) 2 (1 ) No. genera 17 45 74 128 Lamiaceae spp. 1 1 No. families 11 28 41 58 Euphorbiaceae spp. 1 1 Fabaceae spp. 14(9) 8 (3 ) 19(4) 41 (16) Growth forms Asteraceae spp. 2 12(3) 14(3) Grass spp. 3 (2 ) 2 (1 ) 5 (1 ) 10(4) Cactaceae spp. 2 (1 ) 3 (1 ) 9 (6 ) 14(8) Aquatic spp. 1 2 6(5) 9 (5 ) Myrtaceae spp. 6 (2 ) 7 (3) 13(5) Herbaceous spp. 2 14(4) 23 (3) 39(7) Solanaceae spp. 1 11(3) 12(3) Climber spp. 0 3 22(6) 25 (6) Rosaceae spp. 11(4) 11 (4) Succulent tree & shrub 2 (1 ) 3 (1) 10(5) 15(7) Poaceae spp. 3 (2 ) 2 (1 ) 10(4) 5 d ) spp. Pinaceae spp. 8 (5 ) KD 9 (6 ) Woody tree & shrub 28(15) 52(18) 53(15) 133 (48) Convolvulaceae spp. 2 5 (2 ) 7 (2 ) spp. Oleaceae spp. 7 7 Salicaceae spp. 6 (4 ) 6 (4 ) Region of origin Passifloraceae spp. 5 5 Temperate Australian 28 (78%) spp. Proteaceae spp. 5 (3) 5 (3 ) Temperate S American 7 (19%) Zingiberaceae spp. 4 (4 ) 1 5(4) spp. Anacardiaceae spp. 3 3 New Zealand spp. 1 (3%) Bignoniaceae spp. 3 (2 ) 3 (1 ) Temperate Asian spp. 27 (36%) Hydrocharitaceae spp. 1 1 N American spp. 18(24%) Chenopodiaceae spp. 2 (1 ) 1 3 (1 ) Eurasian spp. 16(21%) Myoporaceae spp. 1 1 European & Mediter 14(18%) Pittosporaceae spp. 1 1 ranean spp. Haloragaceae spp. 1 1(1) 2 (1 ) Canary Isles spp. 1 d% ) Brassicaceae spp. 2 2 Tropical American 93 Boraginaceae spp. 2 2 spp. (77%) Liliaceae spp. 1 1 Tropical Asian & Aus 18 Lythraceae spp. 1 1 tralian spp. (15%) Onagraceae spp. 2 2 4 Tropical African & 9 (7%) Madagascan spp. Simaroubaceae spp. 1 1 Pantropical spp. Ulmaceae spp. 3 3 1 d% ) Lauraceae spp. K l) K l) 2 (2 ) Cultivated uses Clusiaceae spp. 1 1 Ornamental spp. 29(12) 61(17) 106(34) 196(63/32%) Cupressaceae spp. 1 1 Barrier spp. 27(13) 32(11) 30(12) 89 (36 40%) Malvaceae spp. 1 1 Agricultural crop spp. 8(3) 30(14) 22(4) 60(21/35% ) Moraceae spp. 1(1) * 1(1) Silvicultural crop spp. 9(7) 11 (8) 4 (3 ) 24(18 75%) Apocynaceae spp. 1 2 3 Cover/binder spp. 8(7) 8 (4) 9(1) 25 (12 48%) Fagaceae spp. 1 1 Species with no uses 4 (3 ) 7 (0) 10(0) 21 (3/14%) Tamaricaceae spp. 2 2 Primary cultivated use Azollaceae spp. 1 (1) 1 (1) Ornamental spp. 12(2) 31 (7) 86(27) 129(36 28%) Pontederiaceae spp. 2 (1 ) 2 (1 ) Barrier spp. 10(6) 14(3) 7(2) 31 (11/35%) Araceae spp. 1 (1) 1 (1) Agricultural crop spp. 1 (0) 13(6) 11 (3) 25 (9/36%) Salviniaceae spp. 1 (1) KD Silvicultural crop spp. 5(3) 7(4) 3(3) 15 (10 66%) Amaranthaceae spp. 1 1 Cover/binder spp. 4(4) 4 (4 ) 4 (0 ) 12(8 66%) Papaveraceae spp. 2 2 Species with no uses 4 (3 ) 7(0) 10(0) 21 (3/14%) Crassulaceae spp. 1 1 Cannaceae spp. 2 2 Davalliaceae spp. 1 (1) KD Pinaceae with nine species is the largest alien family. If Phytolaccaceae spp. 2 2 it were not for Rhipsalis baccifera, the sole indigenous Asclepiadaceae spp. 1 1 cactus in southern Africa, the Cactaceae would also be an alien family. Aristolochiaceae spp. 1 1 Basellaceae spp. 1 1 Ninety of 128 genera (70%) are alien to southern Polygonaceae spp. 2 2 Africa (Appendices 1, 2 & 3). Eleven alien genera are Sapindaceae spp. 2 (1 ) 2 (1 ) of southern temperate origin, 33 alien genera are of Agavaceae spp. 2 2 northern temperate origin and 53 alien genera are of Myrsinaceae spp. 1 1 tropical origin. The remaining genera, with both alien Casuarinaceae spp. 2 2 and indigenous species, have some of the major invaders Bothalia 36,2 (2006) 205

FIGURE 2.— Mean quarter-degree Mean residence time (years) squares (QDS) occupied in 2003 against Mean residence Southern Temperate Northern Temperate Tropical time (years). e.g. Acacia, Azolla, Caesalpinia, Eichhomia, Lantana, crops, cover/binders) have a much higher percentage of Rubus, Salix, Solanum, Sesbania. transfomer species. Sixty-six percent (18/27 species) of silvicultural crops and cover/hinders are transformers, Growth forms with seven species from southern temperate regions, eight species from northern temperate regions and three Most aquatics, herbs, climbers and succulent shrubs species from the tropics. are from the tropics (61 species) compared to only 27 species from temperate regions. Climbers are almost Thirty-one alien genera have transformer species; six exclusively of tropical origin (22/25 species). Most are from southern temperate regions; 10 from northern woody trees and shrubs are from temperate regions (80 temperate regions and 18 from tropical regions. Sixteen species) compared to 53 from tropical regions. Equal genera that have both alien and indigenous species have numbers of grasses (five species) originate from temper transformer species. ate and tropical regions (Table 1). Current naturalized distributions Cultivated uses A visual examination of the current distributions of Ornamentals are the single largest category of plants all species showed that there are about eight major dis from all three regions with 196/233 species having been tribution patterns or zones. These zones are illustrated used for ornamentation. Of these species, 129 have been in Figures 3 & 4. Further analysis of the species within used primarily (i.e. as a major use) as ornamentals, with each of the three major regions of origin showed that twice as many species from tropical regions (86) than there was a concentration of species within certain zones northern temperate (31) and southern temperate regions which correlate with the biomes of southern Africa as ( 12). defined by Rutherford (1997). The highest percentage (36%) of northern temperate species occur in the central Barrier plants (hedges, windbreaks and screens) are high interior or Grassland Biome (Figure 5A which uses the next largest category of cultivated plants. Thirty-one Pyracantha angustifolia, yellow firethom. as an exam species have been used primarily as barriers, with more ple). Forty-four percent of southern temperate species species from temperate regions (24 species) than the occur along the southern and southwestern seaboard, tropics (7 species). Almost equal numbers of agricultural which includes the whole of the Fynbos and Forest crop species originated from temperate (14 species) and Biomes (Figure 5B which uses Acacia saligna. Port tropical regions (11 species). Most silvicultural crops are Jackson, as an example). Fifty-three percent of tropical of temperate origin (12/15 species). species are distributed along the eastern seaboard and Weed status northeastern interior, which coincides with the Savanna Biome (Figure 5C which uses Jacaranda mimosifolia, Transformers account for 33% of all species. Thirty- jacaranda. as an example). five transformers are of tropical origin compared to 24 of northern temperate and 18 of southern temperate origin. CONCLUSIONS However, 50% of southern temperate species are trans formers, compared to 32% of northern temperate and All three regions of origin have made large contribu 29% of tropical species. Southern temperate transformer tions to alien plant invasion in southern Africa. Almost species are mainly woody trees and shrubs that were equal numbers of species, genera and families came from established on a grand scale as silvicultural crops, barri temperate and tropical regions, with the least from the ers and cover/binders. southern temperate region and most from the tropics. The earliest introductions from all three regions have spread Although ornamentals constitute the largest category the furthest and most species still have a long way to go of cultivated plants, all the other categories (barriers. before reaching their potential spread. 206 Bothalia 36,2 (2006)

FIGURE 3.— A, Zone 1: western and central arid zone e.g. Prosopis species, mesquite trees; B, Zone 2A: southern ‘Mediterranean’ zone e.g. Pinus pinaster, cluster pine; C, Zone 2B: southern and southwestern 'Mediterranean' zone e.g. Acacia cyclops, red eye/rooikrans; D, Zone 3: southern and eastern cool, moist zone e.g. Acacia melanoxylon, Australian blackwood; E, Zone 4A: highveld zone e.g. Pvracantha angustifolia, yellow firethom; F, Zone 4B: highveld zone with extension to seaboard e.g. Populus xcanescens, grey poplar.

Ornamentals are the single largest category of plants (18/36 species or 50%), compared with 32% from north from all three regions but the tropics has contributed ern temperate and 29% from tropical regions. twice as many species as temperate regions. Temperate The current distributions of invasive plants in south regions have provided slightly more transformers than ern Africa are a reflection of the climatic zones of their the tropics and these are mainly plants that have been origin. Northern temperate species are concentrated in cultivated for non-ornamental purposes. The southern the cold, high interior or Grassland Biome. Southern temperate region, with species mainly from Australia, temperate species are concentrated along the southern has provided a disproportionate number of transformers and southwestern seaboard which includes the whole Bothalia 36,2 (2006) 207

1IGURE 4.— A, Zone 5: eastern seaboard and escarpment e.g. Chromolaena odorata. triffid weed; B. Zone 6A: eastern seaboard, escarpment and middleveld e.g. Jacaranda mimosifolia, jacaranda: C, Zone 6B: eastern seaboard and escarpment e.g. Lantana camara. Ian tana: D. Zone 7A: dry interior e.g. Opuntia imhricata. imbricate cactus; E, Zone 7B: dry intenor and extension to moister areas e.g. Datura stramonium, common thorn apple; F. Zone 8: widespread e.g. Arundo donax, giant reed

of the Fynbos and Forest Biomes. Tropical species are BRINK. E. 1988. Interesting record. The elephant s child. Newsletter of concentrated along the eastern seaboard and northeast the Albany Museum 11:3. CHIPPINDALL. L K A. 1955. A guide to the identification o f grasses ern interior which coincides with the greater part of the in South Africa. In D Meredith. The grasses and pastures of Savanna Biome. South Africa. 5—527. Central News Agency. Cape Town. COETSEE. J. 1989 Waak teen die bose kaktus. Landbouweekblad. 24 March 1989: 24-27. REFERENCES CRAN. M. 1927. The gardens o f Good Hope Jenkins. London. DE BEER. H & ZIMMERMANN. H G. 1986. Hamsia cactus Weeds BRADLOW, FR 1965 Baron Von Ludwig and the Ludwig's-hurg A. 11/1986. Farming in South Africa. garden Balkema, Cape Town ECKLON, C.F 1830. A list of plants found in the distnct o f L’itenhage 208 Bothalia 36.2 (2006)

HENDERSON, L. 1998. Southern African Plant Invaders Atlas (SAPIA). Applied Plant Sciences 12: 31, 32. HENDERSON, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 12. Agricultural Research Council. Pretoria. HENDERSON, M. & ANDERSON, J.G. 1966. Common weeds in 26 South Africa. Memoirs o f the Botanical Survey' o f South Africa No. 37. HENDERSON. M.. FOURIE. D.M.C.. WELLS. M.J. & HENDERSON. 28 L. 1987. Declared weeds and alien invader plants in South Africa. Bulletin 413, Department o f Agriculture and Water Supply, Pretoria. 30 HUBBARD, C.S. 1926. A review o f the species o f Populus intro duced into South Africa. South African Journal of Science 23: 340-365. 32 MABBERLEY, D.J. 1997. The plant-book, edn 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. McGIBBON, J. 1858. Catalogue of plants in the botanic garden, Cape 34 Town, Cape o f Good Hope. Saul & Solomon, Cape Town.

18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 MEDLEY WOOD, J. 1894. Preliminary catalogue of indigenous Natal plants. Natal Mercury, Durban. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. VAST (VAScular Tropicos) nomenclatural database (MBG: W3TROPICOS). Available at http://www.mobot.mobot.org/W3T/search/vast.html. 24 NEL, J.L., RICHARDSON, D M., ROUGET, M.. MGIDI, T.N., MDZEKE, N„ LE MAITRE, D.C., VAN WILGEN, B.W., SCHONEGEVEL, L„ HENDERSON, L. & NESER. S. 2004. A 26 proposed classification o f alien invasive plant species in South Africa: towards prioritizing species and areas for management action. South African Journal o f Science 100: 53-64. 28 NESER. S. & ANNECKE. D P. 1973. Biological control of weeds in South Africa. Entomological Memoir No. 28. Department of Agricultural Technical Services. Pretoria. 30 OOSTHUIZEN, G.J. & WALTERS, M.M. 1961. Control o f water fern with diesoline. Farming in South Africa 37: 35-37. PHILLIPS. E.J., HARDING, J.J. & DU TOIT, R 1939. American 32 bramble. Farming in South Africa 14: 272-274. POYNTON. R.J. 1959. Notes on exotic forest trees in South Africa. Bulletin No. 38. The Government Printer. Pretoria. 34 RIC HARDSON, D.M., PY§EK, P.. REJMÁNEK, M„ BARBOUR. M.G., PANETTA. F.D. & WEST. C.J. 2000. Naturalization and invasion o f alien plants: concepts and definitions. Diversity and Distributions 6: 93-107. RUTHERFORD. M.C. 1997. Categorization o f biomes. In R.M. Cowling, D M . Richardson & S.M. Pierce, Vegetation o f south 24 ern Africa: 91-98. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. SHAUGHNESSY, G.L. 1986. A case study o f some woody plant introductions to the Cape Town area. In LA W. Macdonald, F.J. 26 Kruger & A.A. Ferrar, The ecology and management of bio logical invasions in southern Africa: 37-43. Oxford University Press, Cape Town. 28 SIM, T.R. 1905. Tree planting in Natal. Davis, Pietermaritzburg. SIM, T.R. 1919. Flowering trees and shrubs for use in South Africa. The Specialty Press, Johannesburg. 30 SMITH, C.A. 1966. Common names o f South African plants. Memoirs of the Botanical Suney of South Africa No. 35: 1-642. SMITH, H.H. 1929. Sisal production and preparation. Bale, London. 32 STIRTON, C.H. 1978. Plant invaders: beautiful but dangerous. The Department o f Nature and Environmental Conservation o f the Cape Provincial Administration, Cape Town. 34 STORR LISTER. J 1884. Practical hints on tree-planting in the Cape Colony. Cape Colonial Forestry Department, Cape Town. SWARBRICK. J.T. 1991. Towards a rating scheme for environmental weeds. Plant Protection Quarterly 6: 185. FIGURE 5.— A, northern temperate species are concentrated in the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE: ARS, NA cold, high interior or Grassland Biome e.g. Pyracantha angusti- TIONAL GENETIC RESOURCES PROGRAM. Germplasm folia, yellow firethom (zone 4A); B. southern temperate species Resources Information Network— (GRIN) [Online Database] are concentrated along the southern and south western seaboard National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. Beltsville. Mary or Fynbos and Forest Biomes e.g. Acacia saligna. Port Jackson land. Available at http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/tax/index.html. (zone 2B); C, tropical species are concentrated along the eastern VAN DEN BERG, M.A. 1977. Natural enemies of certain acacias in seaboard and north eastern interior or the greater part o f the Australia. Proceedings o f the Second National Weeds Conference Savanna Biome e.g. Jacaranda mimosifolia, jacaranda (zone of South Africa, Stellenbosch: 75-82. Balkema, Cape Town. 6A). Biomes according to Rutherford (1997). WELLS. M.J., POYNTON. R.J., BALSINHAS, A.A., MUSIL. K.J., JOFFE. H.. VAN HOEPEN. E. & ABBOTT. S.K 1986 The history of introduction o f invasive plants to southern Africa. In between the months o f July 1829 and February 1830. South I.A.W. Macdonald. F.J. Kruger & A.A. Ferrar. The ecology and African Quarterly Journal 1: 358-380. management of biological invasions in southern Africa: 21 35. GELDENHUYS. C.J.. LE ROUX. P.J & COOPER. K.H. 1986 Alien Oxford University Press. Cape Town. invasions in indigenous evergreen forest. In I.A.W. Macdonald. WILD, H. 1961. Harmful aquatic plants in Africa and Madagascar F.J. Kruger & A.A. Ferrar, The ecology and management o f Joint CCTA / CSA Project No. 14. Kirkia 2 supplement. biological invasions in southern Africa'. 119-131. Oxford ZIMMERMANN. H.G. & VAN DE VENTER. H A 1981. Jointed cac University Press. Cape Town. tus. Weeds A 1 /1981. Farming in South Africa. APPENDIX I.—Southern temperate species: summary of infonnation. Quarter-degree squares (QDS) were obtained from SAPIA database (2006) 36.2 Bothalia 209 Alien genera and families not indigenous in southern Africa; PRE, Pretoria National Herbarium; u, underestimated; #, primary use.

APPENDIX 2.—Northern temperate species: summary of information. Quarter-degree squares (QDS) were obtained from SAPIA database (2006) 36,2 Bothalia - - — i-*-) I < £ . a — > faC. > i: so a. <2 a. so i: > - -= 9 , « C es C , «Si < . C

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211 Alien genera and families not indigenous in southern Africa; PRE, Pretoria National Herbarium; u, underestimated; #, primary use. 212 APPENDIX 2.—Northern temperate species: summary of information. Quarter-degree squares (QDS) were obtained from SAPIA database (cont.) s E is r r r- r- rf cn < to 5 . 0 6 >>•2 a 5 f C i Í ^ C/3 C/5 5/3 CÍ C/3 Vi C C cfl

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Alien genera and families not indigenous in southern Africa; PRE, Pretoria National Herbarium; u, underestimated; #, primary use. 214 APPENDIX 2.—Northern temperate species: summary of information. Quarter-degree squares (QDS) were obtained from SAPIA database (cont.) *Q • - Í ' > d >. DÍ S'S «J 2 u N £ cs >2

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Alien genera and families not indigenous in southern Africa; PRE, Pretoria National Herbarium; u, underestimated; #. primary use. ohla 62 20) 215 (2006) 36,2 Bothalia APPENDIX 2.—Northern temperate species: summary of information. Quarter-degree squares (QDS) were obtained from SAPIA database (cont.) o a T3 o a c/5 S) C/Ï •3S-3E-2E-2E C/5 C/5 £* £ > h > C 3 CC 3CÍ 5C 4 C3 3 CC 3 3 C C C C H P P p P P * x *x >.o C / / / c/5 c/5 c/5 o >x «jc.uc.oo £c E-p 13 i 1 03 0 = * * t — t *T *T OO 2 x x — . — J2 z t > z t > z t C . u,o .o u >, X. © o 00 30 C/5 C/5 2 x x C X C O u "O s .> Z £ / o b ,1» a s b Í > o * E/5 a « — — — v J 3 g 3 J) a (N °\ oc C v J C — C 'P t a 2 « '3|£ | 3 S' ^ c = ^ S o E U 7- O 3 « -s « -S « -s« c I c I c I c _ S C fc CS 0 6 *T3 *73 > >"O «2 s > O eg '77. i £ < rn 5 J 2 * {— — 2 -a «2 O — O' . B f .£ V. . £ cflCB —,o 0,0 o O >« 5> > 5 > Í > w C3 O > UT3 >"OS Si ’S 11 co c « m£ o' ■=' ,o "5 £ " " £ >>•5 S o. w to.2 iS.2 ffi C) 33 OH IJ a S£ »1 iy> U • O »5— u

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~~Alien genera and families not indigenous in southern Africa; PRE, Pretoria National Herbarium; u. underestimated; #. primary use.~~

218 APPENDIX 3.—Tropical species: summary of information. Quarter-degree squares (QDS) were obtained from SAPIA database (cont.) 5 1-2 S. 1-2 5 > -o .> s « - = = £ < •£ < £ = = X < < >i 71 O > O i c E c c « . - "5 2 c5.2g .2 u . n t — O Tt jn < — Eb £g* > 1 E" BM = 1 *■4 -E s < 3 J 1 J <3 X5 C — e u O e £ 5 - s t 55a- 2 C fN ^ j w TfNO a x >/■> DC -o > Si t— f— < < I I c I 1 = E t - § -c t > i u. R s> u R.y c E - J - E , 1 1 1 - C . c l ^ el ° g 3

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~~Alien genera and families not indigenous in southern Africa; PRE, Pretoria National Herbarium; u. underestimated; #, primary use.~~

220 APPENDIX 3.—Tropical species: summary of information. Quarter-degree squares (QDS) were obtained from SAPIA database (cont.) >^2 Z 4 Í >is > Í is> "O • *o .>- ^3 | | = | 1 ï l Í; t U E = 1 0 C_ C •S « ’C .y o ^ Ere aa ~ cj = E HL c d. ( — (N — (N © > . 3 T - > . £ H £ £ ro O' ' r ' 0 ' 0 ' 0 C 3 ' 0 C 3 C 3 ' 0 ' 0 03 '■*> 2 £ 2 £ > 2 > 'j 52 'yj H £Ë IS oa 0 C3 c J o uj 2 2 2 42 £ £ as —ii/‘!in©CTv'T'*f''tO S^t O O -TJ 2 ( — »n — — < < ■? £ E ï; 2 g E •g t -2 O © 2 .£^5 m > v2"O <© ^ - - - * - .*- r- r* r- >- I- CcsWcsWcdcC — ^— cdi>C ,s: > u. V Í) — %

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~~Alien genera and families not indigenous in southern Africa; PRE, Pretoria National Herbarium; u, underestimated; #, primary use.~~

APPENDIX 3.—Tropical species: summary of information. Quarter-degree squares (QDS) were obtained from SAPIA database (cont.) 222 •3 5 CO* m i 11111111 m i i JE i J3 J2 m £ 11111111 JE i — •5 m — O o — o a c irj - r - j < - r T - i T v> _ __ — - r _ — _ _ c _ a _ , — _ — ‘5 a > " 5> * 3> - o> ' 7> - 3> —> r r>- > j n |! f!I 1 i f11 l f !I! f | f ! f ! | | | < 5 3 § 3 3 5 ï M 1 l K 1 u "cS'M w w 15 . — —a. sC I § I i§ I I | i P í «« í> ,9,P « » -s t 6 S S ■2 8 8 8 8 1

~~ohla3, (2006) 36,2 Bothalia Bothalia 36,2: 223-242 (2006) South African National Biodiversity Institute: administration and research staff 31 March 2006, publications 1 April 2005-31 March 2006~~

~~Compiler: B.A. Momberg~~

~~CHIEF DIRECTORATE (ADIR)~~

~~CAPE TOWN—PEARSON HOUSE~~

~~Huntley, Prof. B.J. M.Se. Chief Executive Officer Laidler, Mrs S.A. B.Sc.(Agric.)(Hons). Senior Provisioning Admin. Officer. Personal Assistant Finca, Ms N.F. Specialist Cleaner~~

~~PRETORIA~~

~~Mabeba, Ms K.L. B.A.(Hons). Secretary to SANBI Board~~

~~WORKING FOR WETLANDS PROJECT (EDIR/WF)~~

~~Dini, J.A. B.Sc.(Hons). Programme Manager. Pretoria (contract worker)~~

Beetge, A. N.Dip.(Forestry). Regional Co-ordinator. tract worker) Mpumalanga (contract worker) Mokhutsane. T.J. Regional Co-ordinator. Limpopo. Buckle, J.D. B.Sc.(Hons). Technical Advisor. Southern Pretoria (contract worker) region. Port Elizabeth (contract worker) Mukhoro. M. B.Sc.(Hons)(Environm.Managem.). Goge, M.C. M.Sc. (Environmental Science). Provincial Project Manager. National Wetland Inventory Coordinator, KwaZulu Natal (contract worker) (contract worker) Mangqalaza. Ms S.M. M.Ed. Social Development & Munzhedzi. T.E. B.A.(Ed.). Regional Co-ordinator, Training Co-ordinator. Pretoria (contract worker) North-West and Free State. Rustenburg (contract Manyeza, Ms I.M. Provisioning Admin. Officer (con worker)

~~GLOBAL INVASIVE SPECIES PROGRAMME (GISP)~~

~~CAPE TOWN~~

Jackson, Ms L.F. Ph.D. Director (contract worker) Bamard. Ms P.E. Ph.D. Senior Specialist Scientist. Working Group Co-ordinator/'Scientific and Technical Co-ordi nator (contract worker) Matthews, Ms S.G. Communications Co-ordinator (contract worker) Whiting. Ms D.M. Senior Administrator (contract worker)

~~MARKETING AND COMMUNICATION DIRECTORATE (AMAR)~~

~~PRETORIA~~

~~Director: vacant Liebenberg, Mrs E.J.L. M.Sc. Control Agricultural Technician. Acting Manager (North)~~

~~CAPE TOWN~~

~~Van Aswegen, Ms C.E. HED, B.A.(History & Psych.). Principal Communications Officer. Admin, support~~

~~HUMAN RESOURCES DIRECTORATE (APER) PRETORIA~~

~~Netshiombo. M.J. B.Admin.(Hons), DPLR(UNISA), AHR(UNISA). Chief Director~~

Baloyi, Ms 1. N.Dip.(Manag. Assist.). Senior Secretary IV Leboho, Ms N. B.Com.(Human Res.), Dip.(Personnel Manag.), Dip.(Public Rela.). Senior Personnel Practitioner Mokale, Ms M.C. Clerk (contract worker) 224 Bothalia 36.2 (2006)

~~CAPE TOWN~~

~~Kriel, Mrs G.A. Dip.(Sec.). Senior Secretary IV Haupt, Mrs C.S. Specialist Cleaner. Guest house Karlie, Ms F. Cleaner 1~~

~~PERSONNEL—CAPE TOWN~~

Engelbrecht, B. N.Dip.(Hort.), N.Dip.(PRM), Dip.(Forestry). Deputy Director: Human resources management and health & safety co-ordination Staal, P.B. Dip.(Soc. Sci.), Cert.Indust. Relations. Assistant Director. Labour & staff relations Claassen, Ms G.E. Senior Telkom Operator III. Admin. Nicholas, Mrs W.L. Senior Photocopy Machine Support, front line duties Operator Crowie, A.C. Senior Registry Clerk II Oosthuizen, Ms G. Senior Provisioning Admin. Clerk Dollie, Mrs N.J. Specialist Cleaner III. Recruitment Clerk Du Toit, Ms R. HED. Assistant Director. Training and Petersen, R.E. Senior Personnel Practitioner. Employ development ment equity Fredericks, C.H. Driver II. Courier services Sass, Ms D. Senior Provisioning Admin. Clerk II. Leave & IOD admin.

~~FINANCE DIRECTORATE (AFIN)~~

~~PRETORIA~~

~~Singh, S.. B.Com.(Hons). Chief Director. Finance Matsie, T.J. B.Com.(Hons). Deputy Director. Financial management~~

~~CAPE TOWN~~

Rawoot, N.A. B.Acc.Sc. Deputy Director: Financial management Maholwana, S. B.Com.(Hons). Assistant Director. Asset management Neuwirth, Ms E.V. B.Com.(Hons). Assistant Director: Employee salaries & benefits and Principal Officer: Retirement Fund Van Zyl, J.M. M.Econ.(Indust. Psych.). Assistant Director: Organizational Development & Training

Bean, Ms S.E. Dip.(Human Res.). Project Admin, (con- Jacobs, Ms S. Dip.(Finan.Managem.). Assistant Direc- tract worker) tor. Financial management: general ledger Cassiem, Ms S. Chief Accounting Clerk. Salaries Mcontsi, Ms N. N.Dip.(Acc.). Senior Accounting Clerk Cooper, S.K. Senior Accounting Clerk II. Creditors III. Creditors Goodman, Mrs I.W. State Accountant. Supervisor: Paulse, Mrs D.W.S. Dip.(Bookkeep.), Dip.(Sec.). Chief Creditors Accounting Clerk III. Creditors Jacobs, F.H. Senior Accounting Clerk II. Staff benefits Potgieter, Ms G. Salaries Clerk (contract worker)

~~ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION DIRECTORATE (EDIR, EENT/GP)~~

~~PRETORIA~~

Qwathekana, Ms N.M. B.A.(Hons). B.A.(Eng„ Geog. & Film Studies III), Dip. (Ed.), M.Phil.(Geog. & Envir. Sci.) Director Mpungose, J.E. B.Paed.. B.A.(Hons) (Geog.). Advanced Postgrad.Cert.(Ed. Mngt.), M.Phil. (Geog.). Assistant Director: Environm. Ed. Co-ordinator

Canham, B.J. B.A.(Sociol. & Eng.). Programme Maseola, C.G. N.Dip.(Nat.Cons.) (contract worker) Manager. Greening of the Nation (contract work Mashiyi, G. B.Com. Admin./Finance Officer. Greening er) the Nation (contract worker) Eyssell, Ms A. B.Sc.(Hons)(Hort.). Senior Environm. Mathaba, T.C. Environm. Ed. Officer Ed. Officer. Outreach Horticulturist Novellie, Mrs E. HED, B.Sc.(Hons)(Zoo. & Mammolo- Kutumela, M.S. (student) gy). Principal Environm. Ed. Officer Mahasha, Ms P.M. N.T.C.IIKHort.). (student) Pillay, Ms R. Senior Provisioning Admin. Officer Maphuta, Mrs M.S. Specialist Cleaner, Assistant to cen Ramabulane, S.A. N.T.C.IIKHort.). (student) tre manager Sikhauli, Ms N. B.Sc. (student)

~~CAPE TOWN~~

~~Belle, E. (student) Motsoko, Ms N. (student) Dlamini, Ms N. (student) Nketu, M.J. (student) Bothalia 36,2 (2006) 225~~

~~EASTERN CAPE~~

Mchunu, Ms E.N. B.A. Project Officer. Butterworth (contract worker) Mpongwana, Ms S.N. B.Bib. Project officer. Cradock (contract worker) Zondani, V. B.A.(Hons). Regional Co-ordinator: Greening of the Nation (contract worker)

~~WESTERN CAPE (EECT/C)~~

~~Coe, W.F. Regional Co-ordinator (contract worker) Katise, Ms T.C. (student) Van Dayar, Ms M.M. HED IV (contract worker)~~

~~GOLDFIELDS CENTRE—CAPE TOWN (EECT)~~

~~Fullard, D. B.Sc.Ed., B.Ed.(Hons). Deputy Director. Environm. Ed. Co-ordinator~~

Boyana (Magija), Ms N.F. N.Dip.(Hort.), B.Tech.(Envi Matthews, M.Z. Specialist groundsman. Outreach ronm. Managem.). Senior Environm. Ed. Officer. greening Outreach greening Mgodeli, W.M. Driver II Ellman, Ms R.S. HED, B.Sc. Senior Environm. Ed. Mjuleni, Ms L.M. N.Dip.(Hort.). Outreach greening Officer. Resource development (student) Hey, Ms S.J. HED. B.A.(Geog.). Senior Environm. Ed. Mswazi, M.Q. B.Soc. (student) Officer. Garden-based programme September, Ms M. Senior Provisioning Admin. Clerk II. Admin, support

~~HAROLD PORTER NBG—BETTY’S BAY~~

~~Xaba, PA. N.Dip.(Hort.). Senior Environmental Education Officer. Overberg Useful Plants Project (YARP/CF) (contract worker) Williams, Ms L. N.Dip.(Nature Cons.) (student)~~

~~LOWVELD NBG—NELSPRUIT (EENT/MP)~~

~~Mamatsharaga. L.A. M.Sc.(Ed.). Assistant Director: Environm. Ed.~~

Hlalu, Ms X. N.Dip.(Hort.). Outreach Horticulturist Mavimbela, Ms S.W. (student) (contract worker) Nyathi, Ms G.S. N.Dip.(Pers.Assist.). Senior Provisio- Matshaya, Ms N.N. N.Dip.(Hort.) (student) ning Admin. Clerk II Randima, Ms G.D. Specialist Cleaner

~~FREE STATE NBG—BLOEMFONTEIN (EENT/FS)~~

~~Moletsane, M.E. B.Ed.(Hons). Principal Environm. Ed. Phangoa. M.P. (student) Officer. Admin, support Tshabalala, Ms B.N.W. (student) Ngena, Ms K.M.G. Provisioning Admin. Clerk I~~

~~WALTER SISULU NBG— ROODEPOORT (EENT/GW)~~

Konanani, L.N. (student) Moore. Mrs J.M. N.H.Dip.(Sec.). Senior Provisioning Kondlo, Ms M. N.Dip.(Hort.), Advanced Cert.Envi Admin. Clerk II. Admin, support ronm.Ed. Outreach Horticulturist Vatsha. M L. B.A., HED. Principal Environm. Ed. Molefe, Ms K.E. Dip.(Nature Cons.). Senior Environm. Officer Ed. Officer. Outreach education

~~BIODIVERSITY PROGRAMMES, POLICY AND PLANNING DIRECTORATE (DBIO)~~

~~PRETORIA~~

~~Maze, Ms K.E. M.Sc. Director. Biodiversity policy and planning Matlala. Ms J. Senior Administrative Officer BIOREGIONAL POLICY AND MONITORING UNIT—PRETORIA (DBIO/DD)~~

~~Driver, Ms A.L. M.A., M.B.A. Deputy Director. Bioregional policy and monitoring Smith. Ms T.J. Ph.D. Bioregional Policy and Products Officer 226 Bothalia 36,2 (2006)~~

~~BIODIVERSITY, KRC—CAPE TOWN (DBIO/C)~~

~~Roberts, R. B.Sc.(Hons). Chief Information Technology Advisor (contract worker) Rogers, Ms I.M. Supervisor: data ecoding and georeferencing (contract worker)~~

~~BIODIVERSITY PLANNING—PRETORIA (DBIO/PL)~~

~~Rouget, M.J.F. Ph.D. Biodiversity Planning Manager. Alien plant invasions, conservation planningJonas, Ms Z.R. M.Sc.(Conserv. & GIS). Conservation Planner (Cape Town)~~

~~Mohamed, Ms B.M. B.Sc.(Hons). TSP GIS Specialist Wistebaar, Ms N.P. B.Sc.(Hons), (student) Tshitangano, N.F. B.Sc. (student)~~

~~EASTERN CAPE CO-ORDINATION UNIT—PORT ELIZABETH (DBIO/EC)~~

~~Cadman, M.J. Ph.D. Bioregional Programmes Co-ordinator: Eastern Cape (contract worker)~~

Cumming, T.L.C. B.Sc.(Hons). Project Developer (contract worker) Hartmann, N.R. B.Sc.(Hons)(GIS). Intern Project Officer (contract worker) Myles, Ms M.L. B.A. Senior Administrative Officer (contract worker)

~~BIODIVERSITY GIS (BGIS)—CAPE TOWN~~

~~Willoughby, S.W. M.A.(Geogr. Sci.). Biodiversity GIS Project Manager (contract worker)~~

~~Cocks, M. M.Sc.(Bot.).Web Developer (contract worker) Khatieb, Ms S. B.Sc.(Hons). GIS Technician (contract worker) Potgieter-Haung, Ms W. Financial Admin.~~

~~THREATENED SPECIES PROGRAMME—PRETORIA (YDBR/TS)~~

~~Foden, Ms W.B. M.Sc.(Cons. Biol.). Programme Manager (contract worker)~~

Naidoo, Ms K. B.Sc.(Hons). Red List Officer (contract Rigala, Ms Z.C. N.Dip.(Hort.). Data Encoder (contract worker) worker) Potter, Ms L. M.Sc.(Cons.Biol.). Red List Officer (con- Victor, Ms J.E. M.Sc.(Plant Syst.), H.Dip.(Joum.). Con tract worker) trol Agricultural Scientist. Red List Scientist. Taxonomy of Rutaceae, Asclepiadaceae

~~CUSTODIANS OF RARE AND ENDANGERED WILD FLOWERS (CREW) THREATENED PLANT PROJECT~~

~~Raimondo, Ms D.C. M.Sc. (Cons. Biol.). National Programme Manager (Pretoria)~~

~~Ebrahim, I. N.Dip.(Hort.). Fynbos Programme Manager (Cape Town) Jacobs, L.E.O. Data Encoder. Cape Town (contract worker) Von Witt, Ms C.G. Project Co-ordinator: Cape Floristic Region (contract worker)~~

~~SUCCULENT KAROO ECOSYSTEM PROGRAMME (SKEP)—CAPE TOWN (YDBR/SK) Henderson, O.C. Programme Manager~~

Hartney, Ms D.J. B.A.(Hons)(Envir. & Geogr. Sci.) Programme Developer (contract worker) Mathys, Ms C.N.Dip.(Joum.).Communications Intern (contract worker) Williams, Mrs B. Dip.(Admin.). Programme Administrator (contract worker)

~~NATIONAL GRASSLANDS BIODIVERSITY PROGRAMME—PRETORIA (YDBRGG)~~

~~Nazare, Ms F.C. M.Sc. Programme Co-ordinator (contract worker)~~

~~CAPE ACTION PLAN FOR PEOPLE (CAPE) PROJECT~~

~~CAPE TOWN Sandwith, T. Programme Co-ordinator (contract worker)~~

~~Barnett, M. Ph.D. Programme Developer (contract Madaka, R. eForum Librarv Intern (contract worker worker) based at UCT) Bothalia 36,2 (2006) 227~~

Court, Ms S.J. N.Dip.(Computer Admin.). Finance and ment Intern (contract worker) Procurement Manager (contract worker) Parker, Mrs A. B.A.(Hons). Project Developer (contract Damons, Ms M.H. B.A.(Dev. & Env.). Project Develop- worker)

~~GARDENS DIRECTORATE—ADMIN STAFF (GDIR)~~

~~PRETORIA~~

~~Willis, C.K. M.Sc.(Cons. Biol.). Chief Director: Gardens and Horticultural Serv ices~~

~~Bagus, Mrs J. N.Dip.(Account.). Senior State Accountant. Poverty Relief Projects Heilgendorff, J.P. N.H.Dip.(Hort.). Gardens IT Manager Els, Ms L. N.Dip.(Sec.). Senior Secretary IV~~

~~CAPE FLATS NATURE PROJECT—CAPE TOWN (YAPR/CF)~~

~~Goldman, Ms T. B.Soc.Sci.(Hons). Project Manager (contract worker)~~

~~Hathom, Ms P.M. B.A.(Hons), N.Dip.(Hort.). Capacity building Manager (contract worker) Martin, Ms M. Cert.Masters Business Serv.(CMBS). Admin. Co-ordinator (contract worker)~~

~~URBAN CONSERVATION—CAPE TOWN (GDIR/UC)~~

~~Davis, G.W. Ph.D. Deputy Director: Communication. Project management and fund raising~~

~~Peter, L.M. Dip.(Hort.). Principal Communications Officer. Communications Manager. Edith Stevens Reserve Phoswayo, Ms V. Senior Provisioning Admin. Clerk II. Admin, support~~

~~INTERPRETATION (GINN)~~

~~Rotf. J. Cert.Envir.Interpr. & Ed. Communication Officer. Interpretation (Pietermaritzburg)~~

~~BUILDING PLANNING, MAINTENANCE & DEVELOPMENT—CAPE TOWN (BPMD)~~

Linde. D.C. N.T.C.III(Civil & Structural: Building), N.T.C.III (Inspector of Works: Building), M.S.A.I.D. Cert. Estate Agency. Control Works Inspector Abrahams, P. Handyman. Building maintenance Peck, W.I. Senior Handyman. Building maintenance Manasse, S.P. Dip.(Masonry). Artisan Foreman. Buil- Tomlinson E.C. Handyman. Building maintenance ding maintenance

~~CURATORS~~

Behr, Ms C.M. Curator: Pretoria NBGBritz, R.M. Curator: Lowveld NBG (Nelspruit) Gavhi, M.P Curator: Free State NBG (Bloemfontein) Le Roux, P.H. Deputy Director. Curator: Kirstenbosch NBG (Cape Town) Oliver, I.B. Curator: Karoo Desert NBG (Worcester) Tarr. B.B. Curator: Natal NBG (Pietermaritzburg) Willcock (née Turner), Mrs S.L. Curator: Walter Sisulu NBG (Roodepoort Mogale City) Xaba. Ms A.C. Curator: Harold Porter NBG (Betty’s Bay)

~~HAROLD PORTER NBG— BETTY'S BAY (GHPG)~~

~~Xaba, Ms A.C. N.Dip.(Hort.). Control Agricultural Technician. Curator~~

Abrahamse, F. Senior Foreman. Estate maintenance and Carolus. Ms B.J. B.Tech.(Hort.). Chief Agricultural development Development Technician. Horticulture Arendse, L.P Auxiliary Services Officer II. Access con Forrester. Ms J.A. N.T.C.IIKHort.). Chief Agricultural trol Development Technician. Horticulture Arendse. Ms M. Auxiliary Services Officer II. Access Julies, C.A. Provisioning Admin. Clerk control October. Ms R.P. Dip.(Ed ). Senior Auxiliary Services Bebe, Ms N. Cleaner I Officer. Plant records and admin, support Bezuidenhout. Mrs H.M. Chief Provisioning Admin. Smith. E.J. Foreman. General Garden Maintenance Officer Van Wyk. Ms I. (student) Van Wvk. A.B. Artisan. General maintenance 228 Bothalia 36,2 (2006)

~~KAROO DESERT NBG—WORCESTER (GKAR)~~

~~Oliver, I.B. N.Dip.(Hort.), N.Dip.(Parks Recrea. & Admin), N.Parks Dip. (Parks Recrea. & Management). Control Agricultural Technician. Curator~~

Harris, Ms S. N.Dip.(Hort). Senior Agricultural Devel Salonika, Ms A.S.D. Senior Provisioning Admin. Clerk opment Technician. Scientific collections III. Admin, support Kwayimani, P. N.Dip.(Hort). Senior Agricultural Sibozo, N.E. Driver II. Plant sales Development Technician. Garden management Simani, D.K. Principal Foreman. Plant collections Makubalo, F.N. Principal Foreman. Nursery Viljoen, D.M. N.Dip.(Hort). Chief Agricultural Devel Mpeke, Ms E.N. Specialist Cleaner opment Technician. Records Officer

~~KIRSTENBOSCH NBG—CAPE TOWN (GKBC)~~

~~Le Roux, P.H. Dip.(Forestry), N.Dip.(Hort.), N.Dip.(Parks & Recr.), Cert.Turf Management. Deputy Director: Garden Management. Curator~~

Adams, T.D. B.Tech.(Hort). Senior Agricultural Development Technician. Supervisor: Greenhouse Hitchcock, A.N. N.H.Dip.(Hort.). Control Agricultural Development Technician. Nursery Manager Morkel, A.T. N.Dip.(Nature Cons.). Control Agricultural Development Technician. Estate Manager Notten, Ms A.L. B.Sc., N.Dip.(Hort). Chief Agricultural Development Technician. Interpretive Officer Trautman, C.E. Artisan. Supervisor: Workshop

Adonis, A. Principal Foreman. Dell & ericas Matthews, I.N. Principal Foreman. Estate & trails Adonis, S.J. Senior Foreman. Alien vegetation control Mbambezeli, N.G. N.Dip.(Hort). Agricultural Devel Arends, Ms S.J. Principal Auxiliary Services Officer. opment Technician. Trees & shrubs Plant records Mitchells, G. Control Specialist Groundsman. Senior Barnes, M. (student) Foreman. Casual staff projects Bowler, M. Principal Foreman. Annuals Morris, J.N.M. Senior Foreman. Proteas Brown, B.M. N.Dip.(Hort.). Agricultural Development Newman, W. Artisan. Mechanical workshop Technician. Seed room Oliver, R.C. N.Dip.(Hort.). Senior Specialist Grounds Crowie, R.W. Principal Foreman. General garden man. Nursery (student) De Abreu, Ms P. (student) Picane, Ms S. Auxiliary Services Officer II. Tissue cul Emms, P. Kirstenbosch Scholar 2006 (contract worker) ture Duncan, G.D. M.Sc., N.Dip.(Hort.). Control Agricul Prins, F.B. Security Officer III tural Development Technician. Bulbs, systematics Rudolph, A. Security Officer III of Lachenalia Shanks, G.R. Ball Agreement. Glass House Assistant Engelbrecht, F. Senior Provisioning Admin. Clerk II. (contract worker) Stores Smith, Mrs A. Senior Provisioning Admin. Clerk II. Engelbrecht, Mrs L.D. Control Auxiliary Services Admin, support Officer. Plant records Solomons, T.C. Senior Security Officer II Fani, L.B. (student) Tamboer, J.S. Principal Foreman. Nursery services Grace, T. Senior Provisioning Admin. Clerk III. Stores Twine, Ms M. Chief Agricultural Development Techni & admin, support cian. Proteas & restios Harrower, A.D. B.Sc.(Bot. & Zoo.) Ball Agreement. Van Gusling, E.J. Principal Foreman. Mowers Project Manager Van der Walt. Mrs L.E. N.Dip.(Hort.). Chief Hope, C.F. Senior Handyman. Construction Agricultural Development Technician. Herbaceous Jacobs, H.C. Principal Foreman. Plant production collections Jansen, K. Principal Foreman. Drivers Van Jaarsveld, E.J. M.Sc., N.Dip.(Hort.). Control Agri Jodamus, Ms N.L. N.Dip.(Hort.). Chief Agricultural cultural Technician. Succulents Development Technician. Annuals, Rutaceae, Van Wyk, F. Principal Auxiliary Services Officer II. alpines and Cape endemics Lable Maker Kamalie, Ms S. Senior Typist. Receptionist Viljoen, Ms C.C. N.Dip.(Hort.). Chief Agricultural De Kayster, G.J. Principal Foreman. Construction velopment Technician. Plant production Kuscus, G.W. Principal Foreman. General maintenance Voigt, W.E. N.Dip.(Hort.). Chief Agricultural Develop Lusithi, Ms X. (student) ment Technician. Dell Mathys, Mrs S.S.B. Senior Accounting Clerk III. Reve Wall. Ms K.E. (student) nue and garden statistics

~~VISITORS CENTRE—CAPE TOWN (GKBC/VC)~~

~~Struys, Ms S. B.A.(Hons)(Directing), Postgrad.Dip.(Market. Manag.). Assistant Director: Communication. Events & Centre Manager~~

Fredericks, Ms N.C.E. Senior Auxiliary Services Jacobs, A.P. Chief Auxiliary Serv ices Officer. Visitors' Officer. Visitors' Centre. Information serv ices Centre. Information serv ices Bothalia 36,2 (2006) 229

Malan, Ms C.E. B.Sc.(Hons). Principal Communication Phillips, R. Senior Provisioning Admin. Clerk. Facilities Officer: Tour co-ordinator Officer Pekeur, Ms A. Senior Provisioning Administration Clerk Williams, G.C. Senior Auxiliary Services Officer. II: Events Co-ordinator Information LOWVELD NBG—NELSPRUIT (GLOW) Britz, R.M. N.Dip.(Forestry). Control Agricultural Technican. Curator

Froneman, W.C.F. N.T.C.III(Hort.), N.Dip.(Nature Support Cons. & Man.), N.Dip.(Parks & Rec. Admin.), Mlombo, Ms T.C. Foreman. Garden N.T.C.III(Hort.). Control Agricultural Technician. Mukoma, T. Dip.(Hort.), B.Tech.(Agric. Managem.), Nursery management & garden development B.Tech.(Hort.). Agricultural Development Hurter, P.J.H. B.Sc.(Hons). Control Agricultural Techni Technician. Horticulturist cian. Garden Manager. Cycad conservation Ndlovu, L.D. Senior Foreman. Handyman Le Roux, Ms L. N.H.Dip.(Nature Cons.). Chief Auxil Ngwenya, P.S. Senior Auxiliary Services Officer II. iary Services Officer II. Interpretation Kiosk Maqungo, Ms V.L.B. Auxiliary Services Officer. Front Shongwe, V.P. Foreman. Garden line Officer Sibanyoni. Ms S.M. Cleaner II Mathebula, Ms I.N. Senior Auxiliary Services Officer. Van der Walt. Mrs G.A.M. Chief Provisioning Admin. Front line Officer Clerk Mathebula, Ms N.R. Senior Accounting Clerk I. Admin. Xozumti, M.M. Principal Foreman. Supervisor. Garden

~~KWAZULU-NATAL NBG—PIETERMARITZBURG (GKZN)~~

~~Tarr. B.B. N.Dip.(Parks & Rec. Admin.), Advanced Dip.(Adult Educ.). Control Agricultural Technician. Curator~~

Dlungwane, T.R. Principal Foreman. Garden mainte Nonjinge, S.H.B. N.T.C.III(Hort.). Chief Agricultural nance Development Technician Johnson, Ms I. HED, M.Sc. Control Agricultural Sibiya, Ms C.P.T. Cleaner II Development Technician Van der Merwe, Mrs M.E.H. Senior Provisioning Ngiba, S.E. (student) Admin. Clerk III Zimu, M.J. Principal Foreman. Garden FREE STATE NBG—BLOEMFONTEIN (GFSG)

~~Gavhi, M.P. N.Dip.(Hort.). Control Agricultural Technician. Curator~~

Bamard, Ms A.D. Senior Provisioning Admin. Clerk III Ngalo, M.S. Senior Auxiliary Serv ices Officer. (part time) Interpretation Katise, Ms T.C. (student) Nyuleka, Ms N. A. Senior Accounting Clerk I Lepitla, M.H. Senior Foreman. Garden Raditlhare. Mrs E.M. Cleaner II Mankazana, Ms N. (student) Rambuwani. L.D. N.Dip.(Hort.). Senior Agricultural May, T.S. Foreman. Garden Development Technician. Nursery Sebolai. R.P.A.N. Senior Handyman. General mainte nance PRETORIA NBG (GPTA)

~~Behr, Ms C.M. B.Sc.(Hons). Control Agricultural Development Technician. Curator~~

Baloyi. K.J. Senior Auxiliary Services Officer II. Lithudza. E.F. Dip.(Hort.). Chief Agricultural Information Officer. Garden records Development Technician Baloyi, M.S. Dip.(IBM), Dip.(PTM), Dip.(Payroll Mabapa. K.I. Cleaner II Admin.). Senior Provisioning Admin. Clerk I. Mahange. M.J. B.Tech.(Public Managem. & Admin.). Leave records and H.R. support Senior Provisioning Admin. Officer Bell. Ms F.C. HED, N.Dip.(Hort.). Chief Agricultural Makgobola. Ms M.R. Auxiliary Serv ices Officer II. Development Technician. Reception & admin. Support Creighton, Ms D.D. Senior Provisioning Admin. Clerk Mahlangu. J.F. Senior Foreman. Garden: machine oper III. Admin, support ators and irrigation Difoloko, J.A. Dip.(Ed.), N.Dip.(Hort.). Senior Agricul Mahlangu. R E. Cert.(Office Admin.). Cert.(Plater.). tural Development Technician. Senior Artisan. Workshop and general mainte Ferreira, Ms L. B.A.(Fine Art), N.Dip.(Nature Cons.). nance Chief Auxiliary Services Officer. Information Mangoale. F.L. Artisan. Building construction develop Keyter, B.A. Senior Security Officer II ment and maintenance Kutama. B.T. Principal Foreman. Garden: hard land Masimula. Ms B.M. Specialist Groundsman. scape development and maintenance Mkhasibe. Mrs N.S. Dip.(Office Admin.). Senior Pro visioning Admin. Clerk I. Leave records and H.R. support 230 Bothalia 36,2 (2006)

Modisha, M.D. Cleaner II Sibiya, Ms T.R. Cleaner II Naidoo, D.A. N.Dip.(Hort.). Dip.(Fund & Managem.). Singh, Mrs R. Senior Provisioning Admin. Clerk III. Control Agricultural Development Technician. Admin, support Ngcobo. Ms B.P. (student) Solomons, Ms C.V. Principal Auxiliary Services Officer. Schiel, A. Cert.(Plater). Artisan. Building construction Plant records clerk development and maintenance

~~WALTER SISULU NBG—ROODEPOORT (GSIS) Willcock (née Turner), Mrs S.L. B.Sc.(Hons), N.Dip.(Hort.). Control Agricultural Technician. Curator~~

Aubrey, Mrs A.E. B.Tech.(Hort). Chief Agricultural Manyikana, T.M. Factotum Development Technician. Plant records, interpreta Mmola, Mrs B.E. Cleaner II tion, information (part time) Mtsweni, P. N.Dip.(Hort.). Senior Agricultural Devel Baloyi, S.J. Handyman. Stores opment Technician. Support services, estate Dlamini, M.D. N.Dip.(Hort.). Senior Agricultural De Ndou, A.P. Senior Auxiliary Services Officer II. Infor velopment Technician. Garden, nursery mation services Hankey, A.J. N.Dip.(Hort.), B.Tech.(Hort.). Control Ndzondo, Ms N.L. Senior Provisioning Admin. Clerk I Agricultural Development Technician. Garden, Ndzondo, Mrs PG. Cleaner II estate, collections, nursery Nedambale, M.P. Senior Foreman. Garden Head, Mrs S.E. Dip.(Shorthand & Typing). Provisioning Nemalili, M.E. Senior Foreman. Machines and vehicles Admin. Officer Nenungwi, M.S. Senior Foreman. Nursery Mabela, H.L. (horticultural student) Tiro, D.W. Senior Accounting Clerk II Mamosebo, M.A. Factotum

~~RESEARCH DIRECTORATE (RDIR)~~

~~PRETORIA~~

~~Smith, Prof. G.F. Ph.D., F.L.S. Chief Director: Research & Scientific Services Marais, Mrs A.C. Senior Provisioning Admin. Officer. Personal Assistant~~

Arnold, T.H. Head: Data Management (Pretoria) Crouch, Prof. N.R. Head: Ethnobotany Unit (Durban) Donaldson, Dr J.S. Director: Kirstenbosch Research Centre (Cape Town) Koekemoer, Dr M. Curator: National Herbarium (Pretoria) Leistner, O.A. D.Sc. F.L.S. Agricultural Scientist (contract worker) Meyer, Mrs N.L. B.Sc.(Hons). Agricultural Development Technician (contract worker) Roux, Dr J.P. Curator: Compton Herbarium (Cape Town) Singh. Ms Y. Curator: Natal Herbarium (Durban) Steenkamp, Ms Y. Assistant Director: SABONET Regional Project Co-ordinator (Pretoria) Wolfson. Dr M.M. Director: Research Support Services

~~KWAZULU-NATAL HERBARIUM—DURBAN (RHED)~~

~~Singh, Ms Y. HED, M.Sc. Control Agricultural Development Technician. Taxonomy of Araceae, Hypoxidaceae. Curator~~

Apollos, Mrs C.E. Senior Provisioning Admin. Clerk II. Zulu Botanical Knowledge Project (contract Marketing worker) Glen, H.F. Ph.D. Specialist Scientist. Taxonomy of Ngwenya, M.A. Senior Agricultural Development trees, cultivated plants; botanical history Technician. Herbarium Officer. Plant identifica Glen, Mrs R.P M.Sc. Control Agricultural Technician. tion and information, Zulu Botanical Knowledge Wetland plants of southern Africa Project Hlongwane, Mrs N.C. Cleaner II & messenger Mazibuko, J.V.G. Senior Auxiliary Services Officer. Keswa, V. B.Sc. Field worker. Zulu Botanical Know Herbarium Assistant ledge Project (contract worker) Noble. Mrs H-E. Chief Provisioning Admin. Clerk III Magubane, M.M. Dip.(Agric.). Field work Supervisor. Parbhoo, Ms S. B.Sc.(Microbiol.). Data capturer (con tract worker)

~~ETHNOBOTANY UNIT—DURBAN (RETH)~~

~~Crouch, Prof. N.R. Ph.D. Deputy Director. Ethnobotany of southern African flora, bioprospecting Douwes. E. B.Sc.(Hons), (student) Bothalia 36,2 (2006) 231~~

~~NATIONAL HERBARIUM—PRETORIA (RHEN)~~

~~Koekemoer, Ms M. Ph.D. Deputy Director. Herbarium management. Taxonomy of Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae~~

Bredenkamp, Mrs C.L. Ph.D. Control Agricultural Scientist. Assistant Curator: Public relations. Taxonomy of Vitex, Passerina, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae. and other related families Fish, Mrs L. B.Sc. Principal Agricultural Scientist. Assistant Curator: Collections Manager. Taxonomy of Poaceae Herman, P.P.J. M.Sc. Principal Agricultural Scientist. Assistant Curator: Personnel. Taxonomy of Asteraceae Mothogoane, M.S. Chief Auxiliary Services Officer. Assistant Curator: Herbarium assistants. Wing C Sebothoma, P.N. Cert.Sec. Principal Auxiliary Services Officer. Assistant Curator: Service room. Plant iden tifications co-ordinator Van Rooy, J. Ph.D. Control Agricultural Scientist. Assistant Curator: Technical staff. Taxonomy and bioge ography of mosses

Anderson, J.M. Ph.D. Specialist Scientist. Molteno Meyer, J.J. HED. Chief Agricultural Development Tech Palaeoflora, Gondwana Alive nician. Bioprospecting Project Archer Mrs C. M.Sc. Principal Agricultural Scientist. Mothapo, M.A. H.Cert.Off.Admin.(DMS). Principal Taxonomy of Cyperaceae, monocotyledons (gen Auxiliary Services Officer. Label typist eral) Mpongo, T. B.Sc. Senior Agricultural Development Archer. R.H. Ph.D. Principal Agricultural Scientist. Technician. Curation and plant ID in Wing A Taxonomy of mainly Celastraceae, Euphorbiaceae Nkoane, Ms G.K. Principal Auxiliary Services Officer. Bester. S.P. M.Sc. Senior Agricultural Scientist. Taxon Loans, exchanges, gifts, parcelling, stores omy of Apocynaceae, Ericaceae, Rutaceae Phahla. T.J. Senior Auxiliary Services Officer. Specimen Burgoyne, Ms P.M. M.Sc. Control Agricultural Scien mounter of cryptogams, packer, general assistance tist. Mesembryanthemaceae and Crassulaceae Phephu. Ms N. B.Sc. Agricultural Development Tech Gotzel, Ms A. Senior Provisioning Admin. Clerk III nician. Mosses (contract worker) Govender, Ms M. B.Sc. Senior Agricultural Develop Ready, Mrs J.A. N.Dip.(Hort.). Principal Auxiliary Ser ment Technician. Curation and plant ID in Wing C vices Officer. Plant identifications. Helichrysum. Jordaan, Mrs M. M.Sc. Principal Agricultural Scientist. Curation of Wing D Taxonomy of Celastraceae: Celastroideae, interac Retief, Ms E. Ph.D. Principal Agricultural Scientist. tive key to the trees of southern Africa Taxonomy of Boraginaceae. Verbenaceae, Lamia- Kgaditsi. T.W. Senior Auxiliary Serv ices Officer. Speci ceae, Asteraceae. Rubiaceae. Geraniaceae, men mounter, general assistant Oxalidaceae, Vitaceae Klopper, Ms R.R. M.Sc. Senior Agricultural Scientist. Smithies, Mrs S.J. M.Sc., Dip.Ed.(Moray House). Chief Pteridophyta and selected monocotyledonous Agricultural Development Technician. Taxonomy families of Scrophulariaceae sens, lat., Pedaliaceae. Big- Makgakga. M.C. B.Sc. Agricultural Development noniaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Gesnenaceae. Mar- Technician. Curation and plant ID in Wing B tyniaceae, Orobanchaceae Makgakga, K.S. Principal Auxiliary Services Officer. Steyn, Ms C.C. Principal Auxiliary Serv ices Officer. Herbarium Assistant. Encoding plant specimens, Scientific support data capturing, labels typist, curation of Wing D Swelankomo. Ms N. B.Sc.(Hons). Senior Agricultural Makholela, Ms T.M. Ph.D. Principal Agricultural Scien Development Technician. Curation and plant ID in tist. Taxonomy of Acanthaceae and Rubiaceae Wing D Maserumule, M.K. Principal Auxiliary Services Officer. Welman. Ms W.G. M.Sc. Principal Agricultural Scien Curation of Wing B tist. Taxonomy of Convolvulaceae. Solanaceae, Masombuka, Ms A.S. N.Dip.(Nature Cons.). Principal Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae: Senecioneae. Acan Auxiliary Serv ices Officer. Herbarium Assistant. thaceae Curation of Wing A Winter. P.J.D. M.Sc. Principal Agricultural Scientist. Taxonomy of mainly Apiaceae

~~AFRICAN PLANTS INITIATIVE [API] (CEPF)~~

~~PRETORIA~~

~~Rampho, Ms E.T. B.Sc. Chief Agricultural Development Technician. Project Co-ordinator (RHEN)~~

Chiliza, S.B. Senior Herbarium Assistant (contract Madlala. E.N. Senior Herbarium Assistant (contract worker) worker) Grunyuza, Ms T. N.Dip.(Fine Art). Senior Herbarium Mashua. Ms T.J. (student) Assistant (contract worker) Mnengwane, Ms J.J.J. Senior Herbarium Technician Khumalo, Ms A.N. Senior Herbarium Assistant (con- (contract worker) tract worker) Moeaha. Ms M.J. Senior Herbarium Technician. Poaceae Project (contract worker) 232 Bothalia 36,2 (2006)

Mudau, Ms A.C. Senior Herbarium Technician. Poaceae Nthungeni, N. Senior Herbarium Assistant (contract Project (contract worker) worker) Nembudani, M.T. B.Sc. Senior Herbarium Technician. Tshidada. Ms N.J. B.Sc. Senior Herbarium Assistant Poaceae Project (contract worker) (contract worker)

~~COMPTON HERBARIUM—CAPE TOWN~~

Arendse, S. M.Sc. Project Co-ordinator (contract wor Mannie, Ms L. M.Sc. (contract worker) ker) Vlotman, Ms L.R. Data Capturer (contract worker) Davids, Ms N. Data Capturer (contract worker) Williams, Mrs V.J. Dip.(Ed.). Data Capturer (contract Smith, Ms M. Data Capturer (contract worker) worker)

~~Majola, S.B. Data Capturer (contract worker) Marimuthoo, Ms D. Data Capturer (contract worker)~~

~~DATA MANAGEMENT—PRETORIA (RPDC)~~

~~Arnold, T.H. M.Sc. Principal Data Technologist. Assistant Director. Computer database application especially in taxonomy~~

Boman, Ms M.J. PRECIS data typist tural Scientist. PRECIS Information Officer Botha, Mrs A.G. Chief Auxiliary Services Officer. Mphephu, T.A. Scientific Officer (contract worker) Administrative Assistant Sachse, Ms B. B.Sc.(Hons). Medicinal Plants Project De Wet, Mrs B.C. B.Sc.(Comp. Sci.), B.A., H.D.L.S. (contract worker) Principal Agricultural Datametrician. Chief Snyman, Mrs E.E. B.Sc. N.Dip.(Comp. Data Proc.). PRECIS programmer (contract worker) Senior Agricultural Development Technician. Mashilo, M.B. B.Sc.(Info.Technol.), IT Support Officer: PRECIS Information Officer API medicinal plants (contract worker) Steenkamp, Ms Y. M.Sc. Principal Agricultural Scien Montshonyane, Ms E.M. Senior Herbarium Assistant: tist. PRECIS Information Co-ordinator API medicinal plants (contract worker) Steyn, Ms H.M. Senior Agricultural Scientist. PRECIS Mostert (née Joubert), Mrs R.E. B.Sc.(Hons). Agricul Information Officer

~~RESEARCH SUPPORT SERVICES—PRETORIA (EDIR)~~

~~Wolfson, Mrs M.M. Ph.D. Director. HDE Policy and Legislation related to Access and Benefit-sharing, Bioprospecting and Intellectual Property~~

Liebenberg, Mrs E.J.L. Head: Research Support Services, Publications Naicker, K. Head: Admin, and OHASA Potgieter, Mrs E. Principal Librarian Ramatlo, Ms N. N.Dip.(Sec.). Senior Secretary IV Van Wyk, E. Project manager, Millenium Seed Bank Project

~~ADMINISTRATION AND OHASA—PRETORIA (RPTA)~~

~~Naicker, K. Dip.(Bookkeep.), Cert.(Sales & Market. Managem.), H.Cert.(Prac. Accounting), H.Dip.(Business Managem.), Dip.(Professional Business Communic.). Assistant Director~~

Adams, Ms E.M. Cert.IBMDisk.Op. Senior Provisio- Neveling, Mrs V.H. Chief Accounting Clerk ning Admin. Officer. Nkosi, Mrs M.P. Specialist Cleaner Thibela, A. Dip.(Road Transport). Senior Foreman. Phaahla, M.C. Cleaner II Supervisor: Cleaning services Ramsey, Y.K. Handyman. General maintenance Bosheilo, M.S. Cleaner II Tloubatla, J.M. Driver II. Courier services IChumalo, N.P Cert.Labour Rela. Senior Registry Clerk Thobakgale, Ms N.R. N.Dip.(Comp. Sci.). Sen. II Telekom Operator I. Receptionist. Herbarium Malefo, R.P. Cleaner II Building Marule, P.M. Artisan. General maintenance

~~PUBLICATIONS—PRETORIA (RPUB)~~

~~Liebenberg. Mrs E.J.L. M.Sc. Control Agricultural Technician. Cytotaxonomy. Manager~~

Condy, Ms G.S. M.A. Chief Industrial Technician. Du Plessis, Mrs E. B.Sc.(Hons). S.E D. Chief Language Botanical artist Practitioner Technical editor. Editing, translating, layout Bothalia 36,2 (2006) 233

Germishuizen, G. M.Sc. Assistant Director. Scientific Language Practitioner. Technical editor. Editing, Editor layout (part time) Mapheza, T.P. Senior Provisioning Admin. Clerk III. Maree, Ms D.J. HED. Senior Computer Operator. Bookshop Manager Sithole, A.M. Provisioning Admin. Clerk II. Bookstore Momberg, Mrs B.A. B.Sc.(Entomol. & Zoo.). Principal Turck, Mrs S. B.A.(Information Design). Control Indus trial Technician. Graphic design

~~MARY GUNN LIBRARY—PRETORIA (RLBP)~~

Potgieter, Ms E. B.Libr. Principal Librarian Fourie, Mrs A. H.Dip.(Libr.Sci.). Principal Librarian (part time) Moseki, Ms M. Library Assistant Shipalana, Ms K.M. N.Dip.(Libr. Info. Studies). Senior Library Assistant II

~~MILLENNIUM SEED BANK PROJECT~~

~~PRETORIA (YRDR/MS)~~

~~Van Wyk, E. M.Sc.(Plant Ecol.). Principal Agricultural Scientist. Project manager~~

Mabatha, F.W. B.Envir.Sc. Chief Auxiliary Services Nkuna, L.A. B.Envir.Sc. Senior Agricultural Develop- Officer. Project Assistant (contract worker) ment Technician. Pretoria Collecting Team Co ordinator (contract worker)

~~KIRSTENBOSCH (YKBG/MS)~~

Cowell, Ms C.R. B.Tech.(Hort.). Senior Agricultural Officer. Project Assistant (contract worker) Development Technician. Cape Collecting Team Pekeur, Ms O.R. N.Dip.Nature Cons.). Chief Auxiliaiy Co-ordinator (contract worker) Services Officer. Project Assistant (contract Nurrish, Ms L.M. B.Tech.(Hort.). Auxiliary Services worker)

~~KIRSTENBOSCH RESEARCH CENTRE (RREL)~~

~~CAPE TOWN~~

~~Donaldson, J.S. Ph.D.(Zoo.). Director Morkel, Ms L. N.Dip.(Office Admin.). Senior Secretary IV. Personal Assistant to Director~~

~~COMPTON HERBARIUM—CAPE TOWrN (RHEC)~~

Roux. J.P. N.T.C.III(Hort.), F.L.S., Ph.D. Deputy Director. Collections Manager. Systematics of Pteridophyta Manning, J.C. Ph.D. Senior Specialist Scientist. Research Leader, Systematics. Systematics of Iridaceae and Hyacinthaceae; anatomy

Cupido, C.N. M.Sc. Principal Scientist. Systematics of Ngcakana. S.G. Dip.(Ecol.) (student) Campanulaceae (Campanuloideae) Parker-Allie, Ms F. M.Sc. Senior Agricultural Scientist. Cupido, Ms C.S. Senior Auxiliary Serv ices Officer II. Taxonomy of Thymelaeaceae Technical Assistant Paterson-Jones. D.A. (née Snijman) Ph.D. U.E.D. Spe Foster, Mrs S.E. Senior Secretary IV cialist Scientist. Systematics of Amaryllidaceae Krige, Ms A. Research Intern (contract worker) and Hypoxidaceae: flora of the Succulent Karoo Leith. Mrs J. Cert.Primary Sch.Teacher. Senior Provisio region ning Admin. Clerk III Von Wit. Ms C.G. Threatened Species Programme. Pro Marinus, Ms E.D.A. Dip.(Ed.). Control Auxiliary ject Assistant (contract worker) Services Officer. Herbarium Assistant

~~GLOBAL CHANGE~~

~~Midgley, G.F. Ph.D. Chief Specialist Scientist. Plant ecophysiology. stress ecology, modelling~~

Arnolds. Ms J.L. Chief Auxiliary’ Services Officer Parker-Allie, F. M.Sc. Senior Scientist. Invasion biol Kgope. B.S. M.Sc. Principal Agricultural Scientist. Plant ogy, modelling ecophysiology Snyders. S.G. Principal Auxiliary Services Officer II. Mantlana, K.B. Principal Agricultural Scientist. Plant Greenhouse, maintenance ecophysiology Thuiller, W. Post doctoral scientist. Niche-based model Musil, C.F. Ph.D. Senior Specialist Scientist. Ecophysi ling, climate impacts modelling ology. modelling De Witt, D M. Chief Auxiliary Serv ices Officer. Scien tific research assistant 234 Bothalia 36,2 (2006)

~~CONSERVATION BIOLOGY Donaldson, J.S. Ph.D.(Zoo.). Cycad biology~~

Bósenberg, J. de Wet. B.Sc.(Hons). Chief Agricultural Marinus, E.M. N.Cert.(Building & Structures). Chief Development Technician. Cycad biology, Pollina- Auxilliary Services Officer. Conservation farming tion Project Nánni, Ms I. HED, B.Sc. Control Agricultural Devel- Ebrahim, I. N.Dip.(Hort). Custodians of Rare and opment Technician. Project Co-ordinator Endangered Wildflowers Programme (CREW). Petersen, Ms A. B.Sc.(Hons). Senior Agricultural De- Co-ordinator (contract worker) velopment Technician. Land use and vegetation Mills, A.J. Ph.D.(Soil Sci.). Post doctoral fellow mapping

~~LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY Rutherford, M.C. Ph.D., Dip.(Datamet.). Chief Specialist Scientist. Modelling, global change~~

Daniels, Ms F. B.Sc.(Hons)(Bot. & Plant Ecol.). Powrie, L.W. M.Sc. Chief Information Technology Threatened species research (contract worker) Advisor. Spatial modelling, databases Parenzee, Ms H.A. Dip.(Ed.). Senior Provisioning Rebelo, A.G. Ph.D.(Zoo.). Control Agricultural Scien- Admin. Clerk III tist. Protea Atlas Project

~~HARRY MOLTENO LIBRARY (RRLC)~~

~~Reynolds, Ms P.Y. B.Bib.(Hons), M.A.(Info. Sci.), B.Proc., Dip.(Datamet.). Chief Librarian. SANBI Website Manager~~

~~Ntsham, Ms N.L. B.Bibl. Library/website Assistant (contract worker) Jagger, B.W. B.A.(Soc. Sci.), PGDip.Lis. Senior Librarian~~

~~SANBI WEBSITES (AMWS)~~

~~Reynolds, Ms P.Y. B.Bib.(Hons), M.A.(Info. Sci.), B.Proc., Dip.(Datamet.). Website Manager~~

~~LESLIE HILL MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS LABORATORY~~

~~Tolley, K.A. Ph.D. Research Leader~~

Rossouw, Ms L. B.Sc.(Hons). Scientific Officer. DNA Khunou, Ms A. Agricultural Scientist. AFLP Manager laboratory manager and DNA bank manager Mabunda, Ms M.A. B.Sc.(Hons). NBI Masters student. Conrad, Ms F. M.Sc. Principal Agricultural Scientist. DNA barcoding (contract worker) Molecular systematics Reeves, Ms G. Ph.D. Senior Agricultural Scientist (con- Houniet, D.T. DNA lab. intern (contract worker) tract worker)

~~INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (RRIT)~~

~~CAPE TOWN~~

~~Evans, N. Chief Information Technology Officer. Network Controller. Pekeur, Ms B.L. Chief Provisioning Admin. Clerk. IT support~~

~~PRETORIA~~

~~Smit, G.C. A+ (CTU), NT Workstation 4, NT Server 4. Chief Network Controller~~

~~SUPPORT SERVICES~~

~~Bardien-Overmeyer, Ms S. B.A.(Pharm.). Principal State Admin. Officer. Admin. Manager~~

~~Anderson, D.L. Artisan Boonzaaier, I. Specialist Groundsman. Maintenance Bowler, Mrs M. Admin. Aid II. Cleaner. Assistant: teas and functions De Witt, D.M. Senior Artisan (B-Group). Maintenance~~

~~AFFILIATIONS~~

WORLD CONSERVATION UNION (IUCN) SPECIES SURVIVAL COMMISSION (SSC)—CAPE TOWN Dublin, Ms H. Ph.D.(Zool-). Chairman. African Elephant Specialist Group, IUCN governance, Red List process, strategic planning, fundraising Poole, Mrs C. M.Phil.(Environm. Managem.). Personal Assistant (contract worker) Bothalia 36,2 (2006) 235

~~AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, PLANT PROTECTION RESEARCH INSTITUTE—PRETORIA~~

~~Henderson, Ms L. B.Sc.(Hons). Principal Researcher. Invasive alien plants. Project Manager of Southern African Plant Invaders Atlas (SAPIA)~~

~~NETCB SOLUTIONS~~

~~Els, Ms F. MCSE, A+, N+, Dip.(Comput.Engin.). Technical Support Officer Modukanele, A.N. N.Cert.(Info. & Communic.), N+, Cert.Novell & Linux Sales~~

~~PUBLICATIONS BY THE STAFF 1 April 2005-31 March 2006~~

ADAMS, T. 2005-07. Freylinia demiflora Benth. (Scrophulariaceae). Group, vol. 1: 271-295. Millenium Ecosystem Assessment. Internet 2 pp. http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantefg/freylindens. Island Press, Washington, Covelo, London. htm. BEHR. K. 2005-06. Ochnapulchra Hook.f. (Ochnaceae). Internet 3 pp. ADAMS, T. 2005-08. Freylinia helmei Van Jaarsv. (Scrophulariaceae). http://www.plantzafrica.com/planmop/ochnapul.htm. Internet 2 pp. http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantefg/freylinhelm. BEHR. K. 2005-08. Dombeya pulchra N.E.Br. (Sterculiaceae). Internet htm. 3 pp. http://wwu.plantzafrica.com/plantcd dombeypul.htm. ADAMS, T. 2005-10. Pelargonium peltatum (L.) L'Hér. (Geraniaceae). BESTER. S.P. 2005-10. Ancylobotrys capensis (Oliv.) Pichon Internet 3 pp. http://www.plantzafrica.com/planmop/pelargpelt. (Apocynaceae). Internet 5 pp. http://www.plantzafrica.com/ htm. plantab/ancylobcap.htm. ADAMS, T. 2005-11. Pelargonium capitatum (L.) L’Hér. (Geraniaceae). BESTER. S.P. 2006. Orbea Haw. (Apocynaceae). Internet 8 pp. http:// Internet 2 pp. http://www.plantzafrica.com/planmop/pelargcapit. www.plantzafrica.com/plantnop/orbea.htm. htm. BESTER. S.P. ARCHER. R.H. & CONDY. G. (Artist). 2005. Hoodia ANDERSON, J.M. 2005. Abstract: A brief history o f gymnosperms: flava (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae). Flowering Plants of diversity trends. XVII International Botanical Congress. Vienna. Africa 59: 100-106. t. 2215. Austria, 17-23 July 2005: 68. BESTER. S.P. & RETIEF. E. 2005. Ehretia namibiensis subsp. nami ARAÚJO, M B.. PEARSON, R.G., THUILLER. W. & ERHARD, M. biensis: a new distribution record in the Flora of southern Africa 2005. Validation of species climate impact models under climate (FSA) region. Bothalia 35: 163. change. Global Change Biology 11: 1504-1513. BESTER. S.P & VICTOR. J.E. 2005. Schizoglossum umbelluliferum: ARCHER, C. 2005-08. Family Cyperaceae. Internet 4 pp. http://www. an unusual milkweed re-collected in Pretoria after 109 years. plantzafrica.com/plantcd/cyperaceae.htm. Veld & Flora 91: 166. ARCHER, C. & CONDY, G. (Artist). 2005a. Habenaria bicolor and BOMHARD. B . RICHARDSON. D M . DONALDSON. J.S.. HUGHES. H. kraenzliniana. Flowering Plants of Africa 59: 52-59, t. 2208, G O., MIDGLEY. G.F.. RAIMONDO. D C., REBELO, A.G., 2209. ROUGET. M. & THUILLER. W. 2005. Potential impacts of ARCHER, C. & CONDY, G. (Artist). 2005b. Satyrium sphaerocarpum. future land use and climate change on the Red List status o f the Flowering Plants of Africa 59: 68-73, t. 2211. Proteaceae in the Cape Floristic Region. South Africa. Global ARCHER. R.H. & ARCHER. C. 2005-07. Brunsvigia radulosa Herb. Change Biology 11: 1452-1468. (Amaryllidaceae). Internet 3 pp. http://www.plantzafrica.com/ BREDENKAMP. C.L. 2005-11. Nylandtia scoparia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) plantab/brunsvigrad.htm. Goldblatt & J.C.Manning (Polygalaceae). Internet 3 pp. http:// ARCHER. R.H. & JORDAAN, M. 2005. Salix: the correct applica www.plantzafrica.com plantnop/nyladscop.htm. tion o f the name Salix mucronata, and a new combination BREDENKAMP. C.L. & SMITH. G.F. 2006. Abstract: Flora o f the (Salicaceae). Bothalia 35: 92. Eastern Cape. Proceedings of the Annual Congress of the South ARNOLD, T.H. & STEYN. H.M. 2005. PRECIS.pc National Herbarium. African Association of Botanists, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Pretoria (PRE) Computerised Information System Specimen University, Port Elizabeth 32: 87. database user guide. Southern African Botanical Diversity BROENNIMANN. O.. THUILLER. W., HUGHES. G O.. MIDGLEY. Network Report No. 39. SABONET. Pretoria. G.F., ALKEMADE. J.M.R. & GU1SAN. A. 2006. Do geographic AUBREY. A. 2005-05. Rhus leptodictya Diels. (Anacardiaceae). Internet distribution, niche property and life form explain plants' vulnera 4 pp. http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantqrs/rhuslepto.htm. bility to global change? Global Change Biology 12: 1079-1093. BARNARD, P. & JACKSON. L. 2005. Invasive alien species—cop BURGOYNE. P.M. 2005-10. Delosperma N.E.Br. (Mesembryan ing with aliens: invasive species—a global issue, with global themaceae). Internet 6 pp. http://www.plantzafrica.com planted solutions. In Proceedings of Biodiversity> Loss and Species deiosperma.htm. Extinctions: Managing risk in a changing world, a Global BURGOYNE. P.M. 2006. Searching for Delosperma in Eastern Cape. Synthesis Workshop convened at the IUCN World Conservation Plantlife 32: 29-33. Forum, 18-20 November, 2004. Bangkok, Thailand. CD publica BURGOYNE. P.M.. VAN WYK. A.E.. ANDERSON. J.M. & SCHRIRE. tion. B .D. 2005 Phanerozoic evolution of plants on the African plate. BARNARD. P. MIDGLEY, G. & THUILLER. W. 2005. Invasive Journal of African Earth Sciences 43: 13-52. species under global change—signs from a homogenized BURRING, J.H. 2005-08. Scolopia mundii (Eckl & Zeyh.) Warb. world. GISPNews—Newsletter of the Global Invasive Species (Flacourtiaceae). Internet 4 pp. http:7www.plantzafrica.com Programme 4: 8-11. plantqrs/scolopmund.htm. BARRACLOUGH, T.G. & REEVES, G. 2005. The causes of spe- BURRING. J.H. & VAN DER WALT, L. 2006. The weed exchange. A ciation in flowering plant lineages: species-level DNA trees new garden at Kirstenbosch puts the spotlight on problem plants in the African genus Protea. In F.T. Bakker. L.W. Chatrou. B. South Africa has given the World. Veld & Flora 92: 18-22. Gravendeel & PB Pelser, Plant species-level systematics: new BURROWS. J.E. & WILLIS. C.K. (eds). 2005. Plants of the Nyika perspectives on pattern and process: 30 45. Gantner Verlag. Plateau: an account of the vegetation of the Nyika National Ruggell. Liechtenstein. Parks of Malaw i and Zambia. Southern African Botanical BALOYI, J.K. with additions by REYNOLDS. Y. 2005-11 Rothmannia Diversity Network Report No. 31. SABONET Pretoria. globosa (Hochst.) Keay (Rubiaceae) Internet 2 pp. http://www. CAROLUS. B. 2005-09. Erica leucotrachela H.A.Baker (Ericaceae). plantzafrica.com/plantqrs/rothmanglob.htm. Internet 2 pp. BEATTIE. A.J.. BARTHLOTT. W„ ELIZABETSKY, E.. FARREL. R . http://w-w-w.plantzafrica.com plantefg ericaleucotrach.htm. KHENG, C.T.. PRANCE. I., ROSENTHAL. J.. SIMPSON. D . CAROLUS. B 2005-12. Erica fastigiata L. (Ericaceae) Internet 2 pp. LEAKEY. R . WOLFSON. M & TEN KATE. K. 2005. New http://www.plantzafrica.com plantefg ericafast.htm. products and industries from biodiversity. In R Hassan. R CHESSELET. P. 2005-05. Sceletium tortuosum (L.) N.E.Br. (Mesembry Scholes & N. Ash. Ecosystems and human wellbeing: current anthemaceae). Internet 3 pp. http://ww-w.plantzafrica.com state and trends: findings o f the Condition and Trends Working plantqrssclettort.htm 236 Bothalia 36,2 (2006)

CHESSELET. P. & PIGNAL, M. 2005. Lamarck’s new species of DUNCAN, G. 2005-09. Moraea gigandra L.Bolus (Iridaceae). Internet Mesembryanthemaceae and the types o f their names. Bothalia 4 pp. http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantklm/moragigan.htm. 35: 29-33. DUNCAN, G. 2005-10. Dierama pendulum (L.f.) Baker (Iridaceae). CRAVEN. P. & STEENKAMP, Y. 2005. Centres of plant endemism Internet 4 pp. and diversity in SABONET countries. SABONET News 9: 16. http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/dieramapend.htm. CROUCH, N.R., LANGLOIS, A., MULHOLLAND. D A. & NAIR. DUNCAN, G„ McMASTER, C. & McMASTER. R. 2005. Out of the J.J. 2005. A novel alkylamide from the leaves of Acmella ashes (Lachenalia sargeantii). Veld & Flora 91: 66-69. caulirhiza (Asteraceae), a traditional surface analgesic. South DU TOIT, K., ELGORASHI, E.E., MALAN, S.F., DREWES, S.E.. African Journal of Botany 71: 228-230. VAN STADEN, J„ CROUCH, N.R. & MULHOLLAND. D A. CROUCH, N.R., LÓTTER, M.C., KRYNAUW, S. & POTTAS- 2005. Anti-inflammatory activity and QSAR studies of com BIRCHER, C. 2005. Siphonochilus aethiopicus. In G. Nichols, pounds isolated from Hyacinthaceae species and Tachiadenus Growing rare plants: a practical handbook on propagating the longiflorus Griseb. (Gentianaceae). Bioorganic & Medicinal threatened plants o f southern Africa'. 149—152. Southern African Chemistry 13 : 2561-2568. Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 36. SABONET, EBRAHIM, I., VON WITT, C.G. & COHEN, C. 2005. Peacocks, Pretoria. ploughs and porcupines: the plight of the peacock moraeas. Veld CROUCH, N.R.. SMITH. G.F. & CONDY. G. (Artist). 2005. Impatiens & Flora 91: 185-187. flanaganiae. (Balsaminaceae). Flowering Plants of Africa 59: FERREIRA, L. 2005-11. Panicum maximum Jacq. (Poaceae). Internet 3 84-92, t. 2213. pp. http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantnop/panicummax.htm. CROUCH. N.R. & SYMMONDS, R. 2006. Propagation technolo FISH, L. 2005a. Cyperaceae, Commelinaceae. Poaceae. In J.E. Burrows gies for medicinal plants. In N. Diederichs, Commercializing & C.K. Willis, Plants of the Nyika Plateau: an account of the medicinal plants: a southern African guide'. 55-66. Sun Press, vegetation of the Nyika National Parks of Malawi and Zambia: Stellenbosch. 294-305, 338-366. Southern African Botanical Diversity CROUCH. N.R.. SYMMONDS. R„ SPRING, W. & DIEDERICHS, N. Network Report No. 31. SABONET. Pretoria. 2005. Fact sheet for growing popular medicinal plant species. FISH, L. 2005b. Eragrostis superba Peyr. (Poaceae). Internet 2 pp. In N. Diederichs, Commercializing medicinal plants: a southern http//www.plantzafrica.com/plantefg/eragrostsup.htm. African guide: 99-144. Sun Press, Stellenbosch. FISH, L. 2005-07. Pogonarthria squarrosa (Roem. & Schult.) Pilg. CUPIDO. C. 2005-08. Aspalathus L. (Fabaceae). Internet 5 pp. http:// (Poaceae). Internet 3 pp. http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantnop/ www.plantzafrica.com/ plantab/aspalathus.htm. pogonsqua.htm. CUPIDO. C. 2005-12. Merciera A.DC. (Campanulaceae). Internet 3 FODEN, W„ MIDGLEY. G.F., HUGHES, G.O., THUILLER. W.. pp. http://www.plantzafrica.comyplantklmmerciera.htm. BISHOP. J„ BOND. W.J., HOFFMAN, M.T., KALEME. P.. DAVIDOFF, S., STRUTHERS, K. & VAN JAARSVELD, E.J. 2005. REBELO. P. & HANNAH, L. 2005. The impacts of climate The Towerland succulent roof garden. Veld & Flora 91: change on Aloe dichotoma (the kokerboom): implications for 142-144. the conservation and management of threatened plants. South DAVIS, K , WILLIAMS, C. & WOLFSON, M. 2006. DNA banking African Journal of Botany 71: 265. and the Convention on Biological Diversity. In V. Savolainen, FODEN, W. & SMITH, G.F. 2006. Objective 1: understanding and M.P. Powell. K. Davis, G. Reeves & A. Corthals. DNA and tis documenting plant diversity. Plants under threat: Red Data Lists sue banking for biodiversity and conserv ation: theory, practice to the rescue. Target 2: a preliminary assessment of the conser and uses: 18-29. Kew Publishing in association with IUCN. vation status of all known plant species, at national, regional and DAVIS, K, WILLIAMS, C., WOLFSON, M. & DONALDSON. J. international levels. In C.K. Willis, Conserving South Africa’s 2006. Practical implementation of the CBD and CITES. In V. plants. A South African response to the Global Strategy for Savolainen, M.P. Powell, K. Davis, G. Reeves & A. Corthals, Plant Conservation. SANBI Biodiversity Series 1: 15-18. South DNA and tissue banking for biodiversity and conservation: African National Biodiversity Institute. Pretoria. theory-, practice and uses: 36-46. Kew Publishing in association FOREST. F. & SAVOLAINEN, V. 2005. Species-level phylogenies with IUCN. from continental biodiversity hotspots. In F.T. Bakker, L.W. DEMISSEW, S., NIC LUGHADHA, E. & SMITH. G.F. 2005. Chatrou. B. Gravendeel & P.B. Pelser, Plant species-level Abstract: The African Plants Initiative: digitising and datashar- systematics: new perspectives on pattern and process: 17-30. ing through Aluka. Abstracts of the International Botanical Gantner Verlag. Ruggell. Liechtenstein. Congress, Vienna, Austria 17: 209. FORRESTER. J. 2005-04. Pelargonium grossularioides (L.) L’Hér. DIFOLOKO, J.A. 2005-06. Faidherbia albida (Delile) A.Chev. (Fabaceae). Internet 3 pp. (Geraniaceae). Internet 3 pp. http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantnop/pelarggross.htm. http://w,w'w.plantzafrica.com/plantefg/faidalb.htm. DLAMINI, M.D. 2005-06. Acacia polyacantha Willd. subsp. campyla- FORRESTER. J. 2005-08. Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus (Lam.) Sond. cantha (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Brenan (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae). (Celastraceae). Internet 4 pp. http://www.plantzafrica.com/ Internet 4 pp. http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantab acaciapoly. plantnop/pterocelastri.htm. FRAZEE. S.. BARNARD. P. & COWLING. R.M. 2005. |Ai-|Ais- htm. DLAMINI. M.D. 2005-10. 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