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Po irj 81;./5 hq """ By Brett Berlin /~t G!C;~..&("Y-C312..

The list of earlij appointees reveals the vice president's hand and acommitment to acMon

f the first round of technology ap­ .. pointees are an indication, President Bill Cliuton and Vice President Al I Gore may be succeeding in putting political "business as usual" to the test. This team could effectively tran­ scend agency boundaries, yielding a de­ gree of unity that will help federal and corporate technology. Taken as a group, the current ap­ pointees reveal some of the inner dynam­ ics of Clinton's strategy for managing the federal. science and technology enter­ prise. Three things particularly stand out . • The vice president is playing a sub­ stantial role in technology and competi­ tiveness matters, including recruitment of key personnel. • Senior White House economic and technology policy staff and relevant

agency principals are being shaped into a Democratic candidates Bill Clinton and AI Gore visit a steel mill continued on page 24 during the 1992 campaign. continuedfrom page 23 CONSENSUS IN THE WHITE HOUSE pragmatic. consensus-driven team. • Early sub-cabinet appointments in Successful technology policy and the departments of Defense and Com­ action are completely dependent on the merce signal a commitment to visionary president's ability to create a working action, as opposed to political patronage. consensus. Clinton made progress in that direction by creating a White House tech­ nology policy team with three success­ THE GORE CONNECTION: oriented characteristics: consensus, mod­ ACTIVE ROLE FOR THE VICE PRESIOENT erate activism and effective outreach. Consensus is a hallmark of the Clin­ The vice president is clearly dedi­ ton leadership style. Particnlarly impor­ cated to recruiting major technology op­ tant in setting this tone will be National eratives. Economic Council Chairman Robert E. John Gibbons, former director of Rubin. Rubin's role as policy integrator is Congress' Office of Technology Assess­ expected to impact technology and com­ ment and a veteran of Oak Ridge Na­ petitiveness initiatives. tional Laboratory, was selected as assis­ When given Rubin's assignment, the tant to the president for science and direc­ typical White House powerbroker would DefenseSecretary LesAspin tor of the Office ofScience and Technol­ consolidate turf. But Rubin moved in the believes strongly in making ogy Policy. opposite direction, even to the point of defensetechnologies workin the Carol Browner, formerly a Gore aide sharing a staff group with the National commercial marketplace. and Florida environmental regulation Security Council to ensure closer coordi­ secretary, was chosen as administrator of nation. He will also rely on Gibbons' Of­ the Environmental Protection Agency. fice of Science and Technology Policy Former Cray Research Chairman concerning such issues. Petty infighting and CEO John Rollwagen, a Gore inti­ is obviously not part of Rubin's agenda. mate, was tapped to be deputy secretary The president has set a decidedly ofCommerce. moderate, though activist, tone. "This With the elimination of the Space team is not extremist in either direction." and Competitiveness Councils in the Of­ said Craig Fields, former Defense Ad­ fice of the Vice President and concentra­ vanced Research Projects Agency, or tion of all White House science and tech­ DARPA, chief and now CEO with Mi­ nology staff, Gore is expected to be a ma­ croelectronics and Computer Technology jor unifying force for cohesive technol­ Corp. Fields is a key technology adviser ogy policy. to the new administration. Rather than A system-wide team concept, with ideology, Fields said, this team stands out the vice president at point, becomes a for its "depth and breadth [of understand­ new template for technology and compet­ ing]. This team has a willingness to act." itiveness coordination. The team effort Laura d'Andrea Tyson, the new gives initiatives such as the embryonic chairwoman of the Council of Economic manufacturing technology program a Advisers, is known as a thoughtful advo­ chance ofrising above interagency turf. cate ofgovernment exercising an "appro­ "In the previous administration, the priate" role. She refers to herself as a lack of an effective consensus-forcing "cautious activist." She is expected to be mechanism in the White House often a stark contrast to her predecessor. One LaborSecretary RobertReich stood in the way of even simple propos­ economist familiar with Tyson said: "To mustpreparethe country to cope als," said Denise Michele, director of the extent that any of these [technology withthe changethattechnology Technology and Manufacturing Policy policy matters] are discussed, the [coun­ for the American Electronics Associa­ cil's] role will be to facilitate and encour­ brings to the workplace. tion. With Gore fully engaged and a con­ age, rather than to block action." sensus-driven senior team, "many bu­ Tyson can be expected to be a strong reaucratic impediments could simply supporter of key technology initiatives evaporate, and any problem will at least such as those in high-performance com­ be workable." puting, manufacturing technology and

24 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER BUSINESS SPRING 1 (j(j~ materials. She advocates an active tech­ ACTION ATTHE FRONT LINES nology policy approach to both trade and internal competitiveness challenges such When Clinton took office, there was as defense conversion. immediate public concern that he would "Laura brings a special measure of not be able to attract the talent necessary creativity" to her responsibility for char­ to address technology competitiveness. acterizing the economy, according to The Department of Commerce, where the Skip Johns, fanner associate director of bulk of new initiatives will be imple­ the Office of Technology Assessment mented, was of particular concern. and now top aide to science adviser Gib­ According to a number of media re­ bons. By applying that creativity to her ports, Hewlett-Packard's John Young re­ understanding of the state of industry and fused the secretary position partly be­ the economy, Tyson is "a high detector of cause he did not believe that Commerce change with an open-rnindedness about could be turned into the lead agency re­ how one deals with change and gets to quired to accomplish many of the emerg­ goals," Johns said. ing initiatives. Clinton's selection of Gibbons to the While many applauded Ron senior technology position in the White Brown's managerial and consensus­ House emphasizes a commitment to ef­ building talents, questions were raised Commerce Secretary Ron Brown fective outreach in technology policy. about his ability to lead the department "The President wants to see more part­ into its new role. leadsa department that has been nership and wants to facilitate more out­ Enter John Rollwagen, the bright, given a much largerroletoplay side involvement," Johns said; And for energetic former chairman and CEO of in technology policy. that task, "when it comes to science and Cray Research Inc., as the person to be technology policy, John Gibbons would the Commerce deputy secretary. The pic­ be at the top of anyone's short list." ture at Commerce changed. Rollwagen is A top scientist in his own right, Gib­ a potentially potent combination of an ef­ bons spent the last 13 years building the fective manager and political power­ Office of Technology Assessment into a house, and an action-oriented technology bipartisan organization with a specialty in CEO who has been in the trenches fight­ reaching out to all sides of issues in order ing all of the battles higblighted in the to present Congress with non-ideological campaign, and probably hand-picked by policy options. During that tenure, Gib­ the vice president. bons demonstrated an ability to listen, This team gives Commerce its and to integrate highly diverse points of strength to become the major technology view. A key Gibbons strength is to ensure and competitiveness player, with near di­ the interests and view of the public are rect access to both the president and vice not overruled by the experts, even while president, strong support from the Con­ absorbing what the experts are saying, gress, and, via Rollwagen, the potential Johns said. for a well-tuned policy consensus with In his new role as the White House Tyson, Gibbons and Rubin. fulcrum for technology initiatives, Gib­ bons will reach outside of Washington and to agencies not traditionally involved DEFENSE INTO THE MAINSTREAM in technology. Known for his low toler­ ance for turf warfare, Gibbons is a prob­ Secretary of Defense Les Aspin is a lem-solver with a zeal for fostering effec­ strong advocate of technology transfer. As scienceadviser to Clinton, tive inter-agency cooperation. He also believes strongly in defense con­ John Gibbons willlikely reach While reorganizing the Office of version - not only the transition to a out to agencies not traditionally Science and Technology Policy to ac­ post-Cold War defensive posture but also involvedin technology, commodate cuts and consolidation al­ making defense technologies work in the ready announced, Gibbons will reinforce commercial marketplace. effective broadband mechanisms such as Part of his enthusiasm flows in sup­ the Federal Coordinating Committee for port of the White House commitment to Science, Engineering, and Technology. continued on page 26

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER BUSINESS. SPRING l'lll_~ 2~ continuedfrom page 25 In a Carnegie Commission report, Rollwagen, with whom he shares an un­ elevate economic security on a par with Perry essentially proposed redefinition of usual mix of visionary leadership and the traditional view of national security. the entire relationship between the Penta­ pragmatic, definitive action. With the important realization that gon and commercial technology. Working closely with Perry will be Pentagon programs are now dependent He urged inter-departmental cooper­ former Massachusetts Institute of Tech­ on commercial technologies, cooperative ation within the White House via the Na­ nology Provost John Deutch as undersec­ technology development with commer­ tional Economics Council, now the do­ retary for weapons acquisition. Deutch is cial objectives and a corresponding em­ mestic counterpart to the National Secu­ a contributor to many proposals for de­ phasis on technology transfer will be­ rity Council, and Office of Science and fense consolidation, acquisition reform come the norm rather than the exception. Technology Policy. and technology base development and In order to help lead these transi­ He also advocated, in the face of utilization. tions, Clinton and Aspin have pulled their overall cuts; a robust early stage research Defense conversion efforts may well own top guns into the fold. and development program to acquire and include inter-agency cooperation in envi­ William E. Perry, the expected inventory advanced technologies without ronmental and climate research, manu­ deputy secretary, is one of the nation's necessarily fielding them. facturing technology programs and other most respected visionaries in the area of Perry can be expected to be a major priorities such as advanced transportation defense research and development. ac­ contributor to inter-agency cooperation, that will unite, rather than segregate de­ quisition, transfer, and conversion. particularly as an excellent partner with fense and civil programs.

John Rollwagen: The One Outsider on Team Technology

The inherent strength of the Roll­ puter industry, and then went on to sign Brown and others, part ofhis success­ wagen appointment is obvious to any­ CRADAs with a number of laborato­ and therefore risk-may depend on his one familiar with his record at Cray Re­ ries, a $70 million deal involving Liver­ ability to fit in without adapting too search. more and Los Alamos National Labora­ much. Simply put, Rollwagen has done tories. Several individuals interviewed the things that technology policy "ex­ While Washington was planning for this article questioned, for example, perts" are trying to make possible. the High Performance Computing and whether Rollwagen and Brown would Rollwagen personally pushed suc­ Communications Initiative, Cray Re­ see eye-to-eye on the matter of Japan, cessful negotiation of the first industry­ search was working with the world's in light of Brown's experience as a lob­ wide "model CRADA" for the com- top scientists on solving problems, thus byist for foreign interests and Rollwa­ demonstrating the rationale for the em­ gen's trench warfare with the Japanese phasis. over trade inequities. In trade and export with Japan, The fact is that this contrast says Rollwagen was the lead in a 10-year ef­ little about either's opinions and lots fort to gain access for American super­ about their perspectives. computers and was appointed to the Brown, as a Washington policy in­ Advisory Committee for Trade Negoti­ sider, has principally focused on case­ ations by both Presidents Reagan and by-case issues in the somewhat theoret­ Bush. ical, even surreal environment of the More than 40 percent of Cray busi­ Federal Triangle. ness was seriously affected by export Rollwagen, on the other hand, is controls, resulting in Rollwagen's be­ the stuff of case studies: there simply is coming a reluctant expert on that set of no theory in losing a $10 million pro­ issues. Cray Research was recently curement due to unfair trade barriers. listed as one of the most desirable com­ Together, and closely nurtured by panies in America to work, a tribute to the White House consensus builders, its management. this relationship could result in forward With optimism, of course, also looking policy and leadership. In any comes risk and Rollwagen's lack of other situation. and with less commit­ Washington insider experience is a fac­ ted partners, it might never work. But John Rollwagen's lack ofWashington experience tor. Friends point out that while Roll­ here it just might be magic. may be a plus. wagen may need some mentoring by -BrettBerlin

26 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER BUSINESS, SPRING 1993 NASA: INTEGRATING SPACE CLEAR PRIORmES

While key appointees have yet to be The die is now cast: technology and named, it is already certain that this competitiveness programs have moved agency - to the dismay of manned from the thematic agenda to the action space exploration advocates - will feel list. the effects of a unified administration New structures and new appointees with a definite science and technology with track records for teamwork will pro­ policy. mote a level of shared vision and cohe­ Gore has already asserted that siveness that the Bush administration was NASA's core effort will be the Mission unable to attain. Establishing unity and to Planet Earth, including global obser­ direction in science and technology this vation and analysis programs. early in a new administration is no small Its highly successful aeronautics task. Once considered the most apolitical research program is expected to continue jobs, key technology positions have be­ with substantial support. come highly politicized as the role of Hans Mark, former deputy adminis­ technology and competitiveness emerges trator of NASA and Air Force Secretary, on the forefront of the national agenda. said, "[The NASA aeronautics program] Despite these natural impediments, is certainly the best example .we have of the word is getting out- shared vision is William E. Perry, the expected how a long term, stable relationship" now officially "in." deputy secretary ofdefense, between industry, the civil sector and the There will be some early challenges, has proposed a new approach to defense community can has a "major such as the remake of the Commerce De­ commercial technology. continued impact on our national com­ partment into the focal point of competi­ petitiveness." tiveness and civilian technology pro­ grams. "The challenges facing Com­ merce are almost overwhelming if the de­ CROSSING INTO THE 21ST CENTURY partment is to be taken seriously by both business and other agencies as the lead A new face in the science and tech­ agency in the economic resurgence," said nology coalition will be the secretary of Ed Istvan, former associate director ofthe labor. NIST Institute for Computer Science and Robert Reich will have an intera­ currently a senior associate with the Ar­ gency leadership role on perhaps the lington, Va.-based Pymatuning Group. most important technology policy chal­ "For an agency that has always lenge of all: preparing the country to cope played second fiddle, this transformation with the implications and opportunities of will be a huge task stretching the lintits of technology as a driving force in the work­ even the consensus-oriented group that place and in all services. President Clinton is putting in place," he And a holdover, National Institutes said. The only question that remains is of Health Director Bernadine Healey, has how the private sector will respond, tak­ forced different priorities, new structures ing advantage of the programs and help­ and close collaboration for competitive­ ing to ensure that the programs are prop­ ness that could serve as a primer for gov­ erly conceived and implemented. ernment change. "Government, however emboldened And the secretary of education has a and unified, is impotent by itself," said mandate for performance improvements George Deskin, chairman of DRG, a In weapons acquisition, John that cut across the spectrum of research Santa Clara, Calif.-based electronics firm Deutch willworktowarduniting, and workforce issues. and a veteran of federal government ser­ ratherthan segregating, defense But Energy's cabinet-level leader­ vice. "But it can be a powerful catalyst, and civilprograms. ship on cooperative technology transfer when all parties come to the table." programs, given the lack of research and This is ultimately the real challenge technology credentials of Secretary of facing the labs, the administration, and Energy Hazel O'Leary and her deputy is the Congress - as well as their private likely to pass to other departments. sector partners.

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER BUSINESS, SPRING 1993 27