DOCSLIB.ORG

Report No. PIC3842

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Report No. PIC3842 Report No. PIC3842 Project Name Lao PDR-Third Highway Improvement Project Region East Asia and Pacific Sector Transportation Project ID LAPA4210 Public Disclosure Authorized Borrower Government of Lao PDR Implementing Agency Ministry of Communication, Transport, Post and Construction (MCTPC) Contact: Mr. Math Sounmala Deputy Director of Cabinet Project Management Lane-Xang Ave, P.O. Box 2158 Vientiane, Lao PDR Tel: 856 21 41 41 32 Fax: 856 21 41 41 32 Date this PID Prepared April 1996 Public Disclosure Authorized Project Appraisal Date January 1997 Projected Board Date May 1997 Country and Sector Background 1. General Facts. Lao PDR is poor, landlocked, mountainous and sparsely populated (4.6 million in 1995). Its inadequate infrastructure and communications make for poor physical integration of its 16 provinces provinces (plus the Vientiane Municipality and Special Zone of Xaysomboune). Over half of the Lao population lives in small and scattered villages without regular road transport. Agricultural Public Disclosure Authorized activities generate 56t of GDP and employ 809 of the labor force. With a per capita income of US$ 320, a life expectancy of about 50 years and an incidence of poverty at 46w, the level of economic and social development is among the lowest in the world. 2. Economic Performance. The decade-long involvement in the Vietnam war and its civil war destroyed much of the country's basic infrastructure. Following the unsuccessful implementation of a socialist political philosophy, the Government launched in 1986, the New Economic Mechanism (NEM) to move the economy from a system of centralized planning to one with a market-orientation. Since then, external trade and most prices have been liberalized, subsidies to state enterprises have been largely eliminated, and the exchange rate has been aligned with the market rate. Government's commitment to reform has been generally positive. Strengthened public and private investment and Public Disclosure Authorized economic incentives contributed to a rise in per capita income of nearly 5t per annum in real terms. Inflation fell from nearly 60t in 1989 to single digits in early nineties (6.2w in 1993) and overall fiscal deficit was reduced from 13.4w to 7.8w of GDP between 1990 and 1993. In line with the economic reforms, Government carried out a National Transport Study (NTS) to take stock of the transport sector, set priorities and lay the foundation for the establishment of a transport planning capability within the Ministry of Communications, Transport, Post and Construction (MCTPC). As a follow-up to this new planning orientation, the Government completed a study entitled 'Policy Development for MCTPC and Programs up to the Year 2000,' which has proposed transport investment priorities for the next five years and revised policies for MCTPC. 3. Road Transport. Road transportation is the major mode of internal communication, carrying more than 90% of freight ton-km and 85% of passenger-km. River transport is light, the Mekong and tributaries being considered not navigable by large vessels or barges: freight ton- km and passenger-km are both about 10%. There is no railway system in Lao P.D.R.. The country's road network, totaling some 14,800 km , comprises 4,800 km of national roads, about 5,500 km of provincial and district roads, and about 4,500 km of local roads. National roads are those of strategic importance for national economic development in supporting international and interprovincial trade, tourism, and national security; provincial and district roads are those of strategic importance for regional development in linking to the national road network within each province; and rural roads are those ensuring equitable access to markets and social services and development of natural resources. Most of the provincial and district road networks consist of tracks which are impassable during the rainy season. 4. National Road Network. About 9 of the national roads have adequate surface condition and about % are under construction. The remaining 50%, many of which were constructed more than 50 years ago, are inadequate or do not conform to acceptable design standards. They need to be reconstructed in order to bear the heavy commercial vehicles now in use. A large proportion of these roads are practically impassable during the five-month rainy season and so degraded that normal maintenance is no longer economic. 5. Road No. 13. The spine of the road system is national Route No. 13 (1,260 km), linking Pak Mong located in the North, about 150 km from the Chinese border, with Kong in the South, close to the Cambodian border, and passing through the major urbanized areas of Luang Prabang, Vientiane, Savannakhet and Pakse. It is by far the most important export-import road link of the country. This road facilitates transportation of agricultural products from surplus (southern) to deficit (northern) areas and provides easier access to natural resources, health services, education, employment and other amenities. Government's plan is to restore this important highway to all-weather standards by the end of the decade. The Association's first credit for highways, the Southern Transport Project (Credit 1846-LA), financed the rehabilitation of about 280 km of Road No.13 between Savannakhet and Pakse to gravel standard. The project was successfully completed and closed on December 31, 1994. This was followed by the Highway Improvement Project (Credit 2218-LA), which involves rehabilitation and upgrading of the Nmakading - Savannakhet section of Road 13 (270 km) to paved standards, and the Second Highway Improvement Project (Credit 2606-LA), which includes the upgrading of about 50 km of Road No.13 between Savannakhet and Pakse to paved standards, as well as providing assistance to road maintenance throughout the country. Since the rehabilitation, the traffic level on this road stretch has increased by -2 - % per annum and varies from 170 to 0 vehicles per day depending on the location (1994 survey). Heavy vehicles constitute 50% of this daily traffic, buses 20%, cars 16% and others 16%. 6. Organization and Management of Road Sector. The delivery and management of the road and river transport systems and improvement of traffic safety is the main responsibility of the Communications Department of MCTPC. This department is responsible for administration, planning, construction and maintenance of the national roads and for overseeing construction and maintenance of the provincial roads through the provincial Department of Communications, Transport, Post and Construction (DCTPC) in each province. Technical assistance and support to the provinces is provided by three regional organizations under the Road Administration Division (RAD). Government has undertaken a review and assessment of the organization and management structure of MCTPC. In the coming years, further changes are expected in the tasks and functions of the Communication Department and RAD. Responsibility for programming, budgeting and execution of road programs is expected to be delegated to the provinces under supervision of MCTPC. Project Objectives 7. The principle objectives of the project are: (a) reduced transport costs through reconstruction and upgrading of the southern leg of Route 13; (b) improved institutional capacity for management of road maintenance; and (c) improved efficiency and effectiveness of construction and maintenance activities through increased use of contracts based on competitive bidding procedures. Project Description 8. The project components are: (a) Road Improvement. Reconstruction of Route No.13 between Savannakhet and Pakse - about 230 km would be improved to a bituminous surface standard including rehabilitation of about 40 bridges; (b) Road Maintenance. Spot improvement of about 2,000 kms, periodic maintenance of 700 kms, and routine maintenance of about 2,600 kms; (c) Institutional Strengthening. This component would finance (i) technical assistance to the MCTPC's Road Administration Division (RAD) which has to manage an expanded road network on an annual basis. This would include measures to sustain RAD's capability to plan, budget, implement and supervise road maintenance works, enhance its use of bridge maintenance management system and introduce a basic pavement management system; (ii) technical assistance to the Transport Planning Unit (TPU) to further develop its capability in medium and long term transport planning; (iii) technical assistance to MCTPC for project implementation, coordination and supervision; (iv) consultant services for feasibility, design, engineering and local transport sector studies including development of long term strategy for dealing with institutional and financial issues (para. 18); and (v) training of engineering and management staff through fellowships, conferences, study tours and short term courses in-country and abroad. Project Cost and Financing 9. The total project cost is anticipated to be US$ 65 million of which -3 - IDA is expected to finance US$ 40 million and Government about $5.0 million. Co-financing may be available from the Nordic Development Fund (NDF) amounting to about $7.0 million. This would leave a financing gap of $13.0 million which may have to be provided through increased IDA funds. Project Implementation 10. The project will be implemented by MCTPC which is also the implementing agency for the two ongoing highway projects financed by IDA. In order to help MCTPC with this task, the Project Coordination Unit (PCU) and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vientiane, Laos Destination Guide
    Vientiane, Laos Destination Guide Overview of Vientiane Life in Laos' modest capital flows along as languidly as the Mekong River, next to which the city is situated. Visitors will find a sprawling series of villages rather than an inter-connected urban metropolis. Laotian temples and crumbling French colonial buildings give Vientiane much of its personality, while paddy fields still dot the outlying suburbs and even penetrate the city centre in places. Narrow lanes, croissant-selling bakeries and noodle-soup vendors characterise the downtown area. Most places of interest are concentrated in a small area in the commercial district, between the bamboo-and-thatch beer gardens on the riverbank and Talaat Sao (the morning market). The area is easy to explore on foot. Tourists can also visit some fine Wats(temples), such as Wat Si Saket. Key Facts Language: Lao is the official language, but some English and French are spoken. Passport/Visa: Most foreign passengers to Laos can obtain a visa on arrival, provided that: (i) they are arriving at one of the following airports: Vientiane International, Luang Prabang, Pakse, Warray; (ii) they are holding a return/onward ticket and the necessary travel documentation for their next destination; (iii) they have a confirmed hotel reservation in Laos; and (iv) they are in possession of one photograph, size 3 x 4 cm (however, it is always recommened to travel with more than one) (v) their passport contains at least two unused visa pages. These tourist visas are valid for 30 days. Note that a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required to enter Laos, if arriving within six days of leaving or transiting through an infected area.
    [Show full text]
  • Working for Health in the Lao People's Democratic Republic, 1962-2012
    YEARS Working for Health in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic 5 1962–2012 Fifty Years Working for Health in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic 1962–2012 WHO Library Cataloguing in the Publication Data Fifty years: working for health in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 1962-2012 1. Delivery of healthcare. 2. Health services. 3. Laos. 4. National health programs. 5. Primary health care. I. World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific. ISBN 978 92 9061 601 6 (NLM Classification: WA 530) © World Health Organization 2013 All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]).
    [Show full text]
  • Perry County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
    Perry County, Illinois Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan A 2015 Update of the 2009 Countywide MHMP Perry County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Perry County, Illinois Adoption Date: -- _______________________ -- Primary Point of Contact Secondary Point of Contact David H. Searby, Jr. Raymond D. Clark EMA Coordinator ESDA Coordinator Perry County Emergency Management Agency Du Quoin ESDA Perry County Courthouse – Room #15 P.O. Box Pinckneyville, IL 62274 Du Quoin, IL 62832 Phone: (618) 357-6221 Phone: (618) 542-3841 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Perry County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Acknowledgements The Perry County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan would not have been possible without the incredible feedback, input, and expertise provided by the County leadership, citizens, staff, federal and state agencies, and volunteers. We would like to give special thank you to the citizens not mentioned below who freely gave their time and input in hopes of building a stronger, more progressive County. Perry County gratefully acknowledges the following people for the time, energy and resources given to create the Perry County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. Perry County Board of Commissioners Robert D. Kelly, Chairman Sam Robb James Epplin 2014 Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Steering Committee David Searby, EMA Coordinator, Perry County Emergency Management Agency Raymond Clark, ESDA Coordinator, Du Quoin Emergency Services and Disaster Agency Joyce Rheal, EMA Staff, Perry County Emergency Management Agency Shane Malawy, Administrator, Pinckneyville Ambulance Service Steve Behm, Lieutenant, Perry County Sheriff Bruce Reppert, EMA Staff, Perry County Emergency Management Agency Sandra Webster, Director, American Red Cross Little Egypt Network James Gielow, Chief, Pinckneyville Fire Department / Pinckneyville Rural Fire Protection District Krista Mulholland, Perry County Health Department ii Perry County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Table of Contents Section 1.
    [Show full text]
  • MCC Service Opportunity Assignment Title: SALT/YAMEN: English
    MCC Service Opportunity Assignment Title: SALT/YAMEN: English Teacher & Youth Engagement Worker – Savan Centre Term: August 10, 2016 – July 22, 2017 Location: Savannakhet, Laos Date Required: August 10, 2016 MCC is an equal opportunity employer, committed to employment equity. MCC values diversity and invites all qualified candidates to apply. Synopsis: Program details at mcc.org/salt or mcc.org/yamen The SALT/ YAMENer will work with Savan Centre in Savannakhet to support their activities, build relationships spending time with young people (members and volunteers of the Centre), planning and carrying out social activities with staff and youth, and working closely with the Savan Centre team. One of the core tasks is English teaching but capability of teaching sports, computer skills, dance, music, arts, etc. are other areas of opportunity at the Savan Centre. Qualifications: All MCC workers are expected to exhibit a commitment to a personal Christian faith and discipleship; active church membership; and nonviolent peacemaking. 1. College or university degree (completed or in progress) or work experience in Education required by Lao government for Visa approval. 2. Strong English skills (English Teaching experience preferred). 3. Interest in sharing English skills in school and community settings. 4. Experience working with youth an asset. 5. Previous experience working with or teaching basic computer skills / music / sports an asset. 6. Good organizational and planning skills. 7. Flexible and patient with schedule changes, and willingness to take the time to build relationships in community and work as part of the team. 8. Creative and outgoing. 9. Willing to diligently study the local language and live with a local host family and attend a local church or prayer group.
    [Show full text]
  • V-4 Tourism Industry Development Plan
    PLANET CPC – JICA V-4 TOURISM INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT PLAN V-4.1 Present Condition of Tourism in SKR 1) Tourism Resources and Products The major interest for tourists visiting Lao PDR are (i) nature, (ii) local life observation, and (iii) culture, which differ from tourism observed in ordinal tourism destinations. 1 It means that Lao PDR is an eco-tourism destination for international tourists, in lieu of ordinal sightseeing tourism. The major tourism resources in Lao PDR are (i) Vientiane, (ii) City of Louang Prabang which is a World Heritage site with old Lao style buildings and temples, (iii) Jar highland with Jar pots, (iv) Wat Phu Kmer heritage which is a candidate for the World Heritage, and (v) Boloben plateau in Champassak province. More than 50 % of the tourists visited Louang Prabang, and 15 % visited Jar highland and Champassak Province. Savannakhet and Khammouan provinces, receiving approximately 3-4 % of the tourists as shown in Figure V4-1, are not the major destinations for international tourists. Popular Destination for International Tourist in Laos (%) (duplicated answer) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jar Bakeo Huapanh Vientiane Xayabouli Champassak KhammouanBolikhamxay Luang Namtha Savannakkhet Louang Prabang Source: Statistical Report on Tourism in Laos, 1998 Figure V4-1 Tourist Arrival by Destination in Lao PDR The major tourism destinations in SKR are listed below, and their distribution is illustrated in Figure V4-2. 1 Statistical report on Tourism in Laos, 1998 reported that international tourists show main interest in 1) Nature (72%), 2) People (54%), 3) Culture (35%), etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Terms of Reference
    Terms of Reference A part time consultant to lead: Development of Community based NTFPs enterprise in two pilot villages in Ta Oi and Samoui districts, Duration: 25 working days Working period: 26 October 2020 to December 30 Base location: Vientiane, with travel to Pakse, Sekong, Salavan, Lao PDR Supervised by: Forest Coordinator WWF-Laos P.O. Box. 7871 House no. 39, unit 05 I. Background Saylom village, Chanthabouly district, Vientiane, Lao PDR WWF has been working in Laos since the late 1980s in cooperation with the Tel: +856 21 216 080 Fax: +856 21 251 883 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. WWF’s vision for Laos is that the human footprint stays within the country’s capacity to maintain the full spectrum of E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.wwf.org.la biological diversity and ecosystems, and the key services they provide, to enhance Lao people’s livelihood resilience and contribute to the sustainable conservation of the overall ecological integrity of the Greater Mekong Region. WWF is currently implementing a Community based Forest Restoration and Management for Livelihood in 6 villages across Kaleum district, Sekong and Ta Oi and Samoui in Saravan provinces. One component of the project is to provide financial and technical support to target villages so that they have means to set up and operate community based-NTFP enterprise. Results from the sustainable livelihood assessment and product scanning conducted by the WWF project team the communities identified a few products which they want to develop into community enterprises – these President: Pavan Sukhdev Director General: Marco Lambertini include tiger grass, dried bamboo shoot and honey “the products”.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakse Lao People's Democratic Republic
    Pakse Lao People’s Democratic Republic Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Pakse, Lao People’s Democratic Republic Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Pakse, Lao People’s Democratic Republic - Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Copyright © United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) First edition 2014 United Nations Human Settlements Programme P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi 00100, Kenya E-mail: [email protected] www.unhabitat.org HS Number: HS/028/14E ISBN Number (Series): 978-92-1-132400-6 ISBN Number (Volume): 978-92-1-132617-8 DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentation of material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or regarding its economic system or degree of development. The analysis conclusions and recommendations of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme or its Governing Council. Cover photo © Alyssa Grinberg ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Principal Author: Edward Allen Contributing Authors: Aurelie Phimmasone, James Huggins, Liam Fee Reviewers: Bernhard Barth, Alyssa Grinberg, Avi Sarkar Summarised by: Ian Barnes Editor: Ian Barnes Design and Layout: Kenan Mogultay and Deepanjana Chakravarti Contents 01 Introduction 01 1.1 Cities and Climate Change Initiative ...................... 01 1.2 UN-Habitat’s Cities And Climate Change Initiative ...................... 01 02 Overview of the City 02 2.1 Pakse: Overview ...................... 02 2.2 Economy ...................... 03 2.3 Gender ...................... 03 2.4 Governance ...................... 04 03 City-Wide Vulnerability - Scoping Exposure, Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity 05 3.1 Assessment Framework ......................
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of Wildlife Use by Northern Laos Nationals
    animals Article An Assessment of Wildlife Use by Northern Laos Nationals Elizabeth Oneita Davis * and Jenny Anne Glikman San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Rd, Escondido, CA 92026, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 17 March 2020; Accepted: 8 April 2020; Published: 15 April 2020 Simple Summary: Although unsustainable wildlife consumption is a leading threat to biodiversity in Southeast Asia, there is still a notable lack of research around the issue, particularly into which animals may be “on the horizon” of impending conservation concern. Using semistructured interviews, we investigated the consumption of wildlife in northern Laos, with a focus on the use of wildlife for medicinal purposes. Bear bile was the most popular product, but serow bile was second in popularity and used for similar ailments. In light of these results, and considering the vulnerability of both bear and serow populations in the wild, greater concern needs to be taken to reduce demand for these products, before this demand becomes a significant conservation challenge. Abstract: Unsustainable wildlife trade is a well-publicized area of international concern in Laos. Historically rich in both ethnic and biological diversity, Laos has emerged in recent years as a nexus for cross-border trade in floral and faunal wildlife, including endangered and threatened species. However, there has been little sustained research into the scale and scope of consumption of wildlife by Laos nationals themselves. Here, we conducted 100 semistructured interviews to gain a snapshot of consumption of wildlife in northern Laos, where international and in some cases illegal wildlife trade is known to occur.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Copyright © United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) First Edition 2014
    Pakse, Lao People’s Democratic Republic - Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Copyright © United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) First edition 2014 United Nations Human Settlements Programme P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi 00100, Kenya E-mail: [email protected] www.unhabitat.org DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentation of material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or regarding its economic system or degree of development. The analysis conclusions and recommendations of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme or its Governing Council. Cover photo © Alyssa Grinberg ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Principal Author: Edward Allen Contributing Authors: Aurelie Phimmasone, James Huggins, Liam Fee Reviewers: Bernhard Barth, Alyssa Grinberg, Avi Sarkar Summarised by: Ian Barnes Editor: Ian Barnes Design and Layout: Kenan Mogultay and Deepanjana Chakravarti Note: Summary report is published, and can be accessed online: http://unhabitat.org/books/95406/, this full report is not institutionally edited. i CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Rra Report Attapeu Watershed Attapeu
    Page 1 of 9 ADB RETA 5771 Poverty Reduction & Environmental Management in Remote Greater Mekong Subregion Watersheds Project (Phase I) RRA REPORT ATTAPEU WATERSHED ATTAPEU & CHAMPASSACK PROVINCE, LAO PDR Special Report By Latsamay Sylavong 1. General Background Attapeu watershed is located in the Southern part of Lao PDR. This watershed is covered in 2 provinces as the whole of Attapeu province and a small part of Champassack provinces (the Plateau Boloven). There are about 900 Kilometres from Vientiane Municipality and 180 kilometres from Pakse. Access to those 4 villages differs from one to another village due to the selection criteria for the RRA survey in order to cover the main ethnic minorities in the watershed area. It is found easy access to 2 villages of Champassack province (Boloven Plateau) for both seasons and very difficult to get to other 2 villages of Attapeu province, especially during raining season. The purpose of this survey is to describe the existing agroecosystems within the watershed area as the relationship to the use of forest resource by human population. In addition, Attapeu watershed is one of the shortlist watersheds priorities in Lao PDR. In the Attapeu watershed 4 villages were studied and detailed information of demographic survey in different ethnic villages as Nha Heune, Alak, Laven and Chung. The number of villages depends on the time available for this survey and the difficulty in access within this area, and the time spending at each village also depends on the size of the village. All 4 villages were selected by the survey team together with the local authorities of both provinces as Champassack and Attapeu.
    [Show full text]
  • Logistics Development Action Plan Truck Driving School and Training
    MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT, LAO PDR 3rd Meeting of Working Group on Dry Ports 13-14 November 2019 Logistics Strategy and Logistics Development Plan in Lao PDR Mr. Sonephet SOMEKHIT Division of freight and logistics Department of Transport 1 Outline I Background of Dry Port II Objective III Actions to Achieve IV Status on Transport and Logistics Development V Vision 2030 and Strategic Plan (2016-2025) VI Development Plan (2016 – 2020) 2 I. Background of Dry Port • 2005, Studied by JETRO; • 2011, Completed Master Plan Logistics system supported by JICA (identified and Pre-design of 3 Logistics parks in Lao PDR) • 2012, the Strategy was started and improved through consultation procedures and also organizing meetings with the relevant sectors; • 2013 Signed Intergovernmental Agreement on Dry Port; (9 location of dry port identified) • 2014 continued to finalise and submitted to government for approval; • 2015 approved by the government II. Objectives • Transform from a land-locked to a land- linked country in GMS Region by: ✓ Providing efficient and reliable transport infrastructure and facilities, especially on transit routes, e.g. Central Corridor, and North-South Corridor. ✓Facilitating cross border transport on goods and passengers between and among neighboring countries. Source: http://economists-pick-research.hk tdc.com/business-news/article/Research-Articles/The-ASEAN-Link-in-China-s-Belt-and-Road4- Initiative/rp/en/1/1X000000/1X0A3UUO.htm III. Actions to achieve the Goal 1. Domestic Road laws: - Road Transport Law (revised
    [Show full text]
  • Laos and Ethnic Minority Cultures: Promoting Heritage Edited by Yves Goudineau
    Laos and Ethnic Minority Cultures: Promoting Heritage Edited by Yves Goudineau UNESCO PUBLISHING MEMORY OF PEOPLES 34_Laos_GB_INT 26/06/03 10:24 Page 1 Laos and Ethnic Minority Cultures 34_Laos_GB_INT 26/06/03 10:24 Page 3 Laos and Ethnic Minority Cultures: Promoting Heritage Edited by YVES GOUDINEAU Memory of Peoples | UNESCO Publishing 34_Laos_GB_INT 7/07/03 11:12 Page 4 The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this book and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. UNESCO wishes to express its gratitude to the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs for its support to this publication through the UNESCO/Japan Funds-in-Trust for the Safeguarding and Promotion of Intangible Heritage. Published in 2003 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy F-75352 Paris 07 SP Plate section: Marion Dejean Cartography and drawings: Marina Taurus Composed by La Mise en page Printed by Imprimerie Leclerc, Abbeville, France ISBN 92-3-103891-5 © UNESCO 2003 Printed in France 34_Laos_GB_INT 26/06/03 10:24 Page 5 5 Foreword YVES GOUDINEAU It is quite clear to every observer that Laos owes part of its cultural wealth to the unique diversity which resides in the bosom of the different populations that have settled on its present territory down the ages, bringing with them a mix of languages, beliefs and aesthetic traditions.
    [Show full text]