DOCSLIB.ORG

Air America in Laos II – Military Aid by Dr

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Air America in Laos II – Military Aid by Dr Air America in Laos II – military aid by Dr. Joe F. Leeker Part II First published on 29 May 2006, last updated on 24 August 2015 I) Air America in Laos: military and paramilitary aid 1968-1973 Madriver operations 1968-73 During the 1968-73 period, the original Madriver contract had been transformed into contract no. F62531-67-0028 for Fiscal Years 68, 69, and 70 on 1 July 67, but as before, this contract covered flying services to be provided by an ever growing number of Udorn-based UH-34Ds plus the operation of one C-47 out of Bangkok, apparently a courier aircraft.1 On 1 July 70, that contract was followed by contract no. F04606-71-C-0002 that covered the Udorn-based UH-34Ds, the Bangkok-based C-47 plus a Udorn-based Volpar, apparently another courier aircraft.2 That contract is much more complex, as it does not only cover flying services to be performed by the UH-34Ds and the 2 transport planes, but also drop-in maintenance of Raven O-1 and U-17 aircraft, crash / battle damage repair to DEPCHIEF- managed T-28s, support services to the Khmer Air Force and a lot of other operation and maintenance services. But apart from the prices, section XIV dealing with “Flying Services for Government furnished UH-34 aircraft (Item 1)” is not much different from similar sections in earlier versions of the Madriver contract.3 So it can be assumed that the types of missions flown by Air America’s UH-34Ds were still more or less the same as those described for the pre-1968 period. Although new UH-34Ds continued to arrive from US military sources all the time, it is noteworthy that some of Air America’s UH-34Ds had a very Plaque awarded to Air America UH-34D H-15 on 28 May 1969 (photo kindly supplied by Ward S. Reimer) 1 In 1968 and 1969, that was C-47 B-933 (Status of aircraft as of 1 May 68, in: UTD/Herd/B2; Flight Operations Circular no. OF-C-69-34 of 15 August 69, in: UTD/Hickler/B1F1); Price Negotiation Memorandum of 20 October 1971, p.1, in: UTD/Kaufman/B1F8. 2 Flight Operations Circular no. DFOD-C-71-014 of 1 July 71, in: UTD/Hickler/B8F7B; the Udorn-based Volpar was N3728G at that time. 3 Price Negotiation Memorandum of 20 October 1971, pp.36/7, in: UTD/Kaufman/B1F8. 1 long life, and the one that set the record was H-15 to whom even a plaque was awarded. On 28 May 1969, Air America’s H-15 was the first UH-34D ever to achieve 10,000 flight hours, and a plaque was awarded to the Company. Pilots who – like the helicopter and Helio pilots – remained overnight (RON) in northwestern Laos, could stay at Air America’s comfortable hostel at Luang Prabang, rented since 1 December 72:4 (Air America Log, vol. VII, no. 2, 1973, p. 1) In 1971, there was another Air America jubilee: “Air America’s Base at Udorn, Thailand has a group of accident-free helicopter pilots – all hired prior to 1963 – who represent a combined total of approximately 37,822 hours of accident-free helicopter flying with AAM, during a period of some 57 cumulative years of flying. Such a record is worthy of note and exhibits the high degree of professionalism that these individuals are capable of offering to Air America’s rotorcraft operations – often under unusually difficult conditions. We would like to compliment these individuals and give them recognition for their contribution towards 4 Summary of Real Property Leases, in: UTD/Kaufman/B1F14, p. D-2. 2 (Air America Log, vol. V, no.4, 1971, p.2) making AAM’s safety record something to be proud of.”5 On 1 November 1972, UH-34D H- 15, the very same that had reached 10,000 flight hours in 1969, even totaled 15,000 flight hours, and so another plaque was awarded to Air America by Sikorsky Aircraft.6 (Air America Log, vol. VII, no. 1, 1973, p.2) 5 6 Air America Log, vol. VII, no.1, 1973, p.1. 3 Re-supplying and operating the TACANs 1968-73 Among the duties performed by Air America’s UH-34Ds assigned to the Madriver contract was to re-supply the TACAN sites. For in spite of the Communist attacks of 1967 and 1968 described above, the USAF continued to operate TACANs in Laos, because they were vital for organizing the air war against North Vietnam. On 30 June 1970, the old Madriver contract no. F62531-67-C-0028 had been replaced by a more comprehensive contract, that is by contract no. F04606-71-C-0002. The Price Negotiation Memorandum of 20 October 1971 covering the Fiscal Year 72 period of that contract lists $ 215,000 assigned to TACAN operation and maintenance and $ 25,000 to TACAN Flight Support.7 Contract no. F04606-71-C-0002: Section IV: TACAN operation. (UTD/Bisson/B5, microfilm reel no. 24) At that time, three TACANs still existed in the area, the one at Phou Kate near Saravane (L-44), the one on Skyline Ridge near Long Tieng (LS-20A), and the one at Phou Mano near Mukdahan in Thailand. On 18 June 70, the TACAN located at Phou Kate was overrun by North Vietnamese sappers. As compensation for the loss of Phou Kate a new TACAN was established on a mountaintop north of Wat Phu in Champassac Province, but Phou Kate was retaken by heliborne guerrilla forces in July 70.8 On 5 January 72, the TACAN on Skyline Ridge was relocated to Phou Xang, a mountain 20 kilometers south of Long Tieng.9 This situation is reflected by the Price Negotiations of 20 October 71 to contract no. F04606-71-C- 0002: “Order 0004 provides for operation and maintenance of PACAF / TACAN equipment at three SEA locations. Item 21 provides for O & M of one TACAN installation exclusive of the PACAF / TACAN requirement. […] Subsequent to establishment of contract coverage for site 3, PACAF requested establishment of a new TACAN site (identified as Site 4).”10 7 Price Negotiation Memorandum of 20 October 1971, p.2, in: UTD/Kaufman/B1F8. 8 Conboy / Morrison, Shadow war, p.276 plus p.280, note 43. 9 Conboy / Morrison, Shadow war, p.330. 10 Price Negotiation Memorandum of 20 October 1971, p.18, in: UTD/Kaufman/B1F8. 4 The secret bases: Long Tieng in the late sixties, taken by Dan Gamelin (with kind permission from Dan Gamelin) Long Tieng (LS-20A) in the late sixties or early seventies (all photos in: UTD/Kirkpatrick/B31) 5 Although many of the Lima Sites that had been built in Laos since the early sixties had been overrun by enemy forces since then, some of them were still doing very well: Estimates say that in 1970, the population of Long Tieng was about 40,000 inhabitants, most of them Hmong soldiers and their families, but also including some 50 CIA men. There was an Air America chalet at Sam Thong (LS-20), which was a favorite overnight stay for pilots working in northern Laos, as it had 28 beds, hot-water showers, a laundry, hot meals served in a dining room, and a recreation lounge.11 There was also a CIA training-camp for the Nung-tribe in southern Laos since the early 60s.12 But the most important place was the secret base of Long Tieng, better known as “the Alternate” (LS-20A).13 Sam Thong (LS-20), the place where “Pop” Buell had built a hospital and where later a school and the Sam Thong College had been organized by Moua Lia and his teachers, was attacked and destroyed by North Vietnamese troops in the early morning of 19 March 1970. The hospital staff moved permanently to Ban Xon (LS-272), and Sam Thong College moved temporarily to Vientiane.14 Air America helicopter pilot Dick Casterlin recalls: “LS-272: […] I was only in and out delivering wounded and the sort. I do not think that I ever shut down there.”15 Then, the same day, the North Vietnamese troops infiltrated the southern ridge of Skyline, dug in, and directed their guns from above into the valley of Long Tieng. Many people were evacuated, others fled to Ban Xon. Still the very same day, on 19 March 70, Thai “volunteers” and Hmong from other positions were helicoptered in by Air America to help defend Long Tieng against the North Vietnamese. USAF A-1 Skyraiders and T-28s from Thailand joined the Hmong T-28s to bomb the enemy positions on Skyline Ridge. On 1 April 70, after receiving sustained heavy bombardment from US, Thai and Lao planes, the North Vietnamese finally withdrew from Skyline Ridge; Long Tieng had been held, but not without Thai air support, Thai artillery, and Thai ground troops.16 But in February 1971, the North Vietnamese came back: Again, they dug in Skyline Ridge and terrorized the valley with their 130mm field guns, but were immediately bombed by Hmong T-28s. In the early morning of 14 February 71, North Vietnamese commandos stormed Long Tieng, blowing up aircraft, ammunition dumps, and supply stocks. USAF F-4s called in from Thailand at dawn hit friendly positions as a result of panic and confusion, so that more people were killed by the US jets than by the enemy. This debacle would be referred to as the “Valentine’s Day Massacre”. From their mountain positions, North Vietnamese guns continued to shell Long Tieng for the next weeks; during this time, T-28s flew over 1,000 sorties in defense of the base at daytime, while at night, AC-47A Spooky gunships attacked the enemy ground positions illuminated by flares dropped from flareships.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Early Effects of Gunpowder on Fortress Design: a Lasting Impact
    The Early Effects of Gunpowder on Fortress Design: A Lasting Impact MATTHEW BAILEY COLLEGE OF THE HOLY CROSS The introduction of gunpowder did not immediately transform the battlefields of Europe. Designers of fortifications only had to respond to the destructive threats of siege warfare, and witnessing the technical failures of early gunpowder weaponry would hardly have convinced a European magnate to bolster his defenses. This essay follows the advancement of gunpowder tactics in late medieval and early Renaissance Europe. In particular, it focuses on Edward III’s employment of primitive ordnance during the Hundred Years’ War, the role of artillery in the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople, and the organizational challenges of effectively implementing gunpowder as late as the end of the fifteenth century. This essay also seeks to illustrate the nature of the development of fortification in response to the emerging threat of gunpowder siege weaponry, including the architectural theories of the early Renaissance Italians, Henry VIII’s English artillery forts of the mid-sixteenth century, and the evolution of the angle bastion. The article concludes with a short discussion of the longevity and lasting relevance of the fortification technologies developed during the late medieval and early Renaissance eras. The castle was an inseparable component of medieval warfare. Since Duke William of Normandy’s 1066 conquest of Anglo-Saxon England, the construction of castles had become the earmark of medieval territorial expansion. These fortifications were not simply stone squares with round towers adorning the corners. Edward I’s massive castle building program in Wales, for example, resulted in fortifications so visually disparate that one might assume they were from different time periods.1 Medieval engineers had built upon castle technology for centuries by 1500, and the introduction of gunpowder weaponry to the battlefields of Europe foreshadowed a revision of the basics of fortress design.
    [Show full text]
  • Cy Martin Collection
    University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Cy Martin Collection Martin, Cy (1919–1980). Papers, 1966–1975. 2.33 feet. Author. Manuscripts (1968) of “Your Horoscope,” children’s stories, and books (1973–1975), all written by Martin; magazines (1966–1975), some containing stories by Martin; and biographical information on Cy Martin, who wrote under the pen name of William Stillman Keezer. _________________ Box 1 Real West: May 1966, January 1967, January 1968, April 1968, May 1968, June 1968, May 1969, June 1969, November 1969, May 1972, September 1972, December 1972, February 1973, March 1973, April 1973, June 1973. Real West (annual): 1970, 1972. Frontier West: February 1970, April 1970, June1970. True Frontier: December 1971. Outlaws of the Old West: October 1972. Mental Health and Human Behavior (3rd ed.) by William S. Keezer. The History of Astrology by Zolar. Box 2 Folder: 1. Workbook and experiments in physiological psychology. 2. Workbook for physiological psychology. 3. Cagliostro history. 4. Biographical notes on W.S. Keezer (pen name Cy Martin). 5. Miscellaneous stories (one by Venerable Ancestor Zerkee, others by Grandpa Doc). Real West: December 1969, February 1970, March 1970, May 1970, September 1970, October 1970, November 1970, December 1970, January 1971, May 1971, August 1971, December 1971, January 1972, February 1972. True Frontier: May 1969, September 1970, July 1971. Frontier Times: January 1969. Great West: December 1972. Real Frontier: April 1971. Box 3 Ford Times: February 1968. Popular Medicine: February 1968, December 1968, January 1971. Western Digest: November 1969 (2 copies). Golden West: March 1965, January 1965, May 1965 July 1965, September 1965, January 1966, March 1966, May 1966, September 1970, September 1970 (partial), July 1972, August 1972, November 1972, December 1972, December 1973.
    [Show full text]
  • Gloucestershire Castles
    Gloucestershire Archives Take One Castle Gloucestershire Castles The first castles in Gloucestershire were built soon after the Norman invasion of 1066. After the Battle of Hastings, the Normans had an urgent need to consolidate the land they had conquered and at the same time provide a secure political and military base to control the country. Castles were an ideal way to do this as not only did they secure newly won lands in military terms (acting as bases for troops and supply bases), they also served as a visible reminder to the local population of the ever-present power and threat of force of their new overlords. Early castles were usually one of three types; a ringwork, a motte or a motte & bailey; A Ringwork was a simple oval or circular earthwork formed of a ditch and bank. A motte was an artificially raised earthwork (made by piling up turf and soil) with a flat top on which was built a wooden tower or ‘keep’ and a protective palisade. A motte & bailey was a combination of a motte with a bailey or walled enclosure that usually but not always enclosed the motte. The keep was the strongest and securest part of a castle and was usually the main place of residence of the lord of the castle, although this changed over time. The name has a complex origin and stems from the Middle English term ‘kype’, meaning basket or cask, after the structure of the early keeps (which resembled tubes). The name ‘keep’ was only used from the 1500s onwards and the contemporary medieval term was ‘donjon’ (an apparent French corruption of the Latin dominarium) although turris, turris castri or magna turris (tower, castle tower and great tower respectively) were also used.
    [Show full text]
  • Air America in Laos III – in Combat by Dr
    Air America in Laos III – in combat by Dr. Joe F. Leeker First published on 29 May 2006, last updated on 23 March 2018. When, in May 1987, during the unveiling of the Air America Memorial at UTD’s McDermott Library at Richardson, former CIA director William Colby said that Air America aircraft were not combat aircraft, but transport aircraft, that was only true for most of Air America’s flights. But in at least three programs Air America crews flew or were to fly combat aircraft in Laos: B-26s in Projects Mill Pond and Black Watch in 1961 and T-28s as A-Team pilots for the Tango program. Already in July 1955, 2 C-47s chartered from CAT had participated in the first post-ceasefire combat jump flown by C-47s of the ANL (Armée Nationale Laotienne or Lao National Army), when the aircraft dropped the ANL’s airborne battalion, the Seno-based 1er Bataillon de Parachutistes, over the garrison of Moung Peun beleaguered by Pathet Lao forces.1 In August 59, PEO again contracted an Air America C-46 and C-47 for use in the Moung Peun paratroop drop.2 Then there was another absolutely unofficial use of Air America transport aircraft as bombers dropping “Hot soup”. Finally, many Air America aircraft flew combat support missions that brought them very close to the actual fighting: This was true for many missions flown by Air America’s helicopters, that is by the UH-34Ds assigned to the Madriver-contract and later especially for the Bells and S- 58Ts assigned to the AID-439-713 contract.
    [Show full text]
  • Vientiane, Laos Destination Guide
    Vientiane, Laos Destination Guide Overview of Vientiane Life in Laos' modest capital flows along as languidly as the Mekong River, next to which the city is situated. Visitors will find a sprawling series of villages rather than an inter-connected urban metropolis. Laotian temples and crumbling French colonial buildings give Vientiane much of its personality, while paddy fields still dot the outlying suburbs and even penetrate the city centre in places. Narrow lanes, croissant-selling bakeries and noodle-soup vendors characterise the downtown area. Most places of interest are concentrated in a small area in the commercial district, between the bamboo-and-thatch beer gardens on the riverbank and Talaat Sao (the morning market). The area is easy to explore on foot. Tourists can also visit some fine Wats(temples), such as Wat Si Saket. Key Facts Language: Lao is the official language, but some English and French are spoken. Passport/Visa: Most foreign passengers to Laos can obtain a visa on arrival, provided that: (i) they are arriving at one of the following airports: Vientiane International, Luang Prabang, Pakse, Warray; (ii) they are holding a return/onward ticket and the necessary travel documentation for their next destination; (iii) they have a confirmed hotel reservation in Laos; and (iv) they are in possession of one photograph, size 3 x 4 cm (however, it is always recommened to travel with more than one) (v) their passport contains at least two unused visa pages. These tourist visas are valid for 30 days. Note that a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required to enter Laos, if arriving within six days of leaving or transiting through an infected area.
    [Show full text]
  • Library Bulletin [International Planned Parenthood Federation, November 1972]
    ED 071 gad ts015 452 TITLE Bulletin (International'Manned Parenthood Federation, November 1972]. INSTITUTION International Planned Parenthood Federation, London (England). PUB DATE Nov 72 NOTE 70p. EDRS PRTC2 MF-$0.65 HC-S3.29 DESCRIPTORS Bibliographies; *Books; Classification;Demography; *Family planning; Indexes (I,ocateil);*Library _Collections; *Population Trends; Publications; . *Reference Materials . ABSTRACT Resources located in the International Planned Parenthood Federation (/PPF) HeadquartersLibrary are inventoried in this_quarterly library bulletin. Entries_follow.theIPPF classification scheme. and are arranged by topics:(1) .general office. managenent_and administration; (2)_ contraceptive methods;(3) family. _planning (general); (4) United Nations, conferencess_etc.; (5) Population -- Africa, America, Asia,.Europe, Oceania, U.S.S.R.; (6) religious, moral,. ethical, and politicaa.attitudes.to family planning; (7) medical; (8) education, includingsex and population education ;. and _(9) .communication,publicity, history, etc. The name of the publisher/supplier andBritish_currency price of the book are _supplied for.eacknOtation withan. alphabetical list of .publisher/isuppliersand their addresses appended. An alphabetical list of authors.is also included together . with classification numbers . .for cross-references. (BL) 1 International Planned Parenthood U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. Federation EDUCATION & WELFARE 18 20 Lower Regent Street, OFFICE OF EDUCATION London SW1Y 4PW THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEENREPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVEDFROM
    [Show full text]
  • Working for Health in the Lao People's Democratic Republic, 1962-2012
    YEARS Working for Health in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic 5 1962–2012 Fifty Years Working for Health in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic 1962–2012 WHO Library Cataloguing in the Publication Data Fifty years: working for health in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 1962-2012 1. Delivery of healthcare. 2. Health services. 3. Laos. 4. National health programs. 5. Primary health care. I. World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific. ISBN 978 92 9061 601 6 (NLM Classification: WA 530) © World Health Organization 2013 All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]).
    [Show full text]
  • Perry County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
    Perry County, Illinois Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan A 2015 Update of the 2009 Countywide MHMP Perry County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Perry County, Illinois Adoption Date: -- _______________________ -- Primary Point of Contact Secondary Point of Contact David H. Searby, Jr. Raymond D. Clark EMA Coordinator ESDA Coordinator Perry County Emergency Management Agency Du Quoin ESDA Perry County Courthouse – Room #15 P.O. Box Pinckneyville, IL 62274 Du Quoin, IL 62832 Phone: (618) 357-6221 Phone: (618) 542-3841 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Perry County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Acknowledgements The Perry County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan would not have been possible without the incredible feedback, input, and expertise provided by the County leadership, citizens, staff, federal and state agencies, and volunteers. We would like to give special thank you to the citizens not mentioned below who freely gave their time and input in hopes of building a stronger, more progressive County. Perry County gratefully acknowledges the following people for the time, energy and resources given to create the Perry County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. Perry County Board of Commissioners Robert D. Kelly, Chairman Sam Robb James Epplin 2014 Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Steering Committee David Searby, EMA Coordinator, Perry County Emergency Management Agency Raymond Clark, ESDA Coordinator, Du Quoin Emergency Services and Disaster Agency Joyce Rheal, EMA Staff, Perry County Emergency Management Agency Shane Malawy, Administrator, Pinckneyville Ambulance Service Steve Behm, Lieutenant, Perry County Sheriff Bruce Reppert, EMA Staff, Perry County Emergency Management Agency Sandra Webster, Director, American Red Cross Little Egypt Network James Gielow, Chief, Pinckneyville Fire Department / Pinckneyville Rural Fire Protection District Krista Mulholland, Perry County Health Department ii Perry County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Table of Contents Section 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Operation Barrel Roll
    In 1962, the United States began a “secret war” in Laos. The operation wasn’t revealed until 1970, by which time it con- sumed half of all US attack sorties in Southeast Asia. Barrel Roll By John T. Correll n early 1961, the hot spot of lead- ing concern in Southeast Asia was not Vietnam but Laos. The new US President, John IF. Kennedy, rated Laos as “the most im- mediate of the problems that we found upon taking office” in January. On March 23, Kennedy held a news conference, nationally televised, to talk about Laos. He pointed out the communist advance on a large map. The Pathet Lao insur- gents, supported by the Russians and the North Vietnamese, had captured the northeastern part of the country. “Laos is far away from America, but the world is small,” Kennedy said. “The security of all Southeast Asia will be endangered if Laos loses its neutral independence. Its own safety runs with the safety of us all, in real neutrality observed by all.” In itself, Laos had little strategic im- portance. It was remote and landlocked, with a population of only two million. However, it shared borders with six other countries and had traditionally served as a buffer zone between the more powerful neighboring states. Thousands of ancient stone jars dot the plains in the center of Laos. The real concern about Laos was that the insurgency would spread and destabilize the rest of the region. “If the group, about 750 people, left promptly, pilots flying air support for the Laotian communists [are] able to move in and but no more than 40 of the 7,000 North ground forces.
    [Show full text]
  • Gunships-By-Norm-Evans.Pdf
    Gunships There were many pre-Vietnam gunship-like aircraft, not only in the USA, and even more helicopter during and after this war. I will concentrate here on USAF and USMC fixed-wing gunships, starting with the early '60s. Project Tailchaser: Convair (A)C-131B First test flights with armed C-131B, serial 53- 7820, at Eglin AFB, 08/1964, with General Electric 7.62 mm SUU-11A/A Gatling Minigun. Project Gunship (I): Douglas C-47, FC-47D, AC-47D Tests were continued with a similar armed C-47D 44-8462 Terry & Pirates at Eglin AFB in 1964. The first real FC-47D was 43-48579 "Puff" (often called Puff the Magic Dragon), ferried back from Nha Trang to Bien Hoa, and fitted with 3 GE Miniguns, a Mark 20 Mod 4 sight (from A-1E Skyraider), VHF/UHF/FM radios, TACAN, IFF, 45 flares (200,000 candlepower) and 24,000 rounds of ammunition. Converted in 10/1964, and used by the 4th Air Commando Squadron. In Spring 1965 a second C-47D was converted in the same way. Four other were later armed with ten .30 calibre machine guns, Type M-2 Browning air-cooled. One of them was 43-48491 'Git-Em' Bullet, another was Grunt 2 and one may have had the serial '36440' (?). Three were operational with the 4th ACS and one was used for crew training at the Forbes AFB. All 6 original FC-47D were later redesignated AC-47D. Air International at Miami, FL, converted 20 more C-47 to AC-47D, which were used from Fall 1965 by the 4th ACS.
    [Show full text]
  • Why UW: Factoring in the Decision Point for Unconventional Warfare
    Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2012-12 Why UW: factoring in the decision point for unconventional warfare Agee, Ryan C. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27781 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS WHY UW: FACTORING IN THE DECISION POINT FOR UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE by Ryan C. Agee Maurice K. DuClos December 2012 Thesis Advisor: Leo Blanken Second Reader: Doowan Lee Third Reader: Randy Burkett Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704–0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202–4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704–0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED December 2012 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS WHY UW: FACTORING IN THE DECISION POINT FOR UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE 6. AUTHOR(S) Ryan C. Agee, Maurice K. DuClos 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Naval Postgraduate School REPORT NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943–5000 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Webb, Jack OH222
    Wisconsin Veterans Museum Research Center Transcript of an Oral History Interview with JOHN A. WEBB Air Controller, Air Force, Career and Vietnam War. 1999 OH 222 OH 222 Webb, John (Jack) A., (1936- ). Oral History Interview, 1999. User Copy: 2 sound cassettes (ca. 78 min.), analog, 1 7/8 ips, mono. Master Copy: 1 sound cassette (ca. 78 min.), analog, 1 7/8 ips, mono. Transcript: 0.1 linear ft. (1 folder). Abstract: John "Jack" A. Webb, a Durand, Wisconsin native, discusses his career in the Air Force, including service in Asia during the Vietnam War and the Cold War. Webb mentions his family’s military history, enlisting in 1954, and his military training, including work with radar and with electronic countermeasure systems for B-47s. He touches on volunteering for Combat Control, going through jump school, and joining a team at Hurlburt Field (Florida) in 1963. Webb outlines his career and states he served in Laos and Nakhon Phanom (Thailand) between 1964 and 1966, as well as in Korea and in Japan after the USS Pueblo Incident. He discusses taking different types of Special Forces training, including jungle survival in Panama and infiltrating a CIA base. He speaks of “Operation Water Pump/Project 404”: living at Vang Pao’s secret headquarters at Long Tieng (Laos), duties as an air controller working in conjunction with the Laos military, and officially being a member of the U.S. Embassy rather than an Air Force employee. Webb expresses regret that when he went to Laos, little was known about Hmong culture and everyone called the Hmong a derogatory term without knowing better.
    [Show full text]