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Conservación Del Nicho Ecológico En Topillo De Cabrera (Microtus Cabrerae)

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Conservación Del Nicho Ecológico En Topillo De Cabrera (Microtus Cabrerae) UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS GEOLÓGICAS TESIS DOCTORAL Conservación del nicho ecológico en topillo de Cabrera (Microtus cabrerae). Aproximaciones ecológicas y filogenéticas MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTORA PRESENTADA POR Elena Castellanos Frías Directores Nuria García García Emilio Virgós Cantalapiedra Madrid © Elena Castellanos Frías, 2019 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS GEOLÓGICAS TESIS DOCTORAL 2019 Conservación del nicho ecológico en topillo de Cabrera (Microtus cabrerae). Aproximaciones ecológicas y filogenéticas Autora: Elena Castellanos Frías Programa de Doctorado de Geología e Ingeniería Geológica Directores: Dra. Nuria García García Dr. Emilio Virgós Cantalapiedra Dpto. Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Dpto. Biología y Geología, Física y Paleontología Química Inorgánica Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales Universidad Complutense de Madrid Universidad Rey Juan Carlos i ii DECLARACIÓN DE AUTORÍA Y ORIGINALIDAD DE LA TESIS PRESENTADA PARA OBTENER El TÍTULO DE DOCTOR D./Dña. Elena Castellanos Frías, estudiante en el Programa de Doctorado Geología e Ingeniería Geológica, de la Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, como autor/a de la tesis presentada para la obtención del título de Doctor y titulada: Conservación del nicho ecológico en topillo de Cabrera (Microtus cabrerae). Aproximaciones ecológicas y filogenét icas ~ dirigida por: Nuría García García Emilio Virgós Cantalapiedra DECLARO QUE: la tesis es una obra original que no infringe los derechos de propiedad intelectual ni los ::erechos de propiedad industrial u otros, de acuerdo con el ordenamiento jurídico vigente, en ~rt1cula r, la ley de Propiedad Intelectual (R.O. legislativo 1/1996, de 12 de abril, por el que se aorueba el texto refundido de la ley de Propiedad Intelectual, modificado por la ley 2/2019, de : oe marzo, regularizando, aclarando y armonizando las disposiciones legales vigentes sobre la ~atería), en particular, las disposiciones referidas al derecho de cita. Del mismo modo, asumo frente a la Universidad cualquier responsa bilidad que pudiera -er varse de la autoría o falta de originalidad del contenido de la tesis presentada de ,,:on&ormidad con el ordenamiento jurídico vigente. En Madrid, a 3\ de Ocn>6<2E de 20J.9 Esta DECLARACIÓN DE AUTORÍA Y ORIGINALIDAD debe ser insertada en la primera página de la tesis presentada para la obtención del título de Doctor. iii iv Las ilustraciones de esta Tesis son creaciones originales de Vicente Herrera Teruel, que permanece como propietario intelectual de las mismas. Queda prohibida cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública o transformación sin autorización expresa del autor. The illustrations in this Thesis are intellectual property of Vicente Herrera Teruel. Total or partial reproduction, distribution, public communication, or transformation of the illustrations is prohibited without the express authorization of the author. v vi A Bichibichina, mi gran impulso Usted es tan joven, está tan lejos de toda iniciación, que quisiera pedirle, lo mejor que sé, querido señor, que tenga paciencia con lo que no está aún resuelto en su corazón y que intente amar las preguntas por sí mismas, como habitaciones cerradas o libros escritos en una lengua muy extraña. No busque ahora las respuestas: no le pueden ser dadas, porque no podría vivirlas. Y se trata de vivirlo todo. Viva ahora las preguntas. Quizá después, poco a poco, un día lejano, sin advertirlo, se adentrará en la respuesta. Quizá lleve usted en sí mismo la posibilidad de formar y crear como una manera de vivir especialmente feliz y auténtica. Prepárese para ella, pero acepte todo lo que venga con absoluta confianza. Y siempre que algo surja de su propia voluntad, de alguna honda necesidad, acéptelo como tal y no lo odie. Cartas a un joven poeta, Rainer María Rilke vii viii Agradecimientos Parecía imposible, pero por fin llega un día en el que te ves maquetando tu Tesis y escribiendo los agradecimientos, los momentos imposibles también llegan. Soy muy consciente que este momento hubiera sido totalmente inalcanzable sin el apoyo y ánimo de muchas personas, por lo que a todos ellos les agradezco ese impulso que en ocasiones me han dado de forma inconsciente. En primer lugar, me gustaría agradecerle la oportunidad de dejarme hacer una Tesis Doctoral a todo el sistema de educación público español. A lo largo de mi vida, me he esforzado mucho en estudiar y formarme académicamente y, en gran parte, lo he podido conseguir gracias al sistema de becas y ayudas educativas. Desde el bachillerato, pasando por la licenciatura, un posterior máster y hasta llegar al doctorado ha sido un amplio periodo que he cubierto con ayudas estatales, por lo que me gustaría agradecerle a la sociedad el esfuerzo por mantener un sistema educativo como nuestro: un sistema público de educación y la red de ayudas económicas, sin ellas muchos no podríamos haber recorrido este camino. Quiero darles las gracias a mis jefes Nuria y Emilio por sus orientaciones, correcciones y el tiempo que me han dedicado a lo largo de este proceso. En especial, me gustaría agradecerle a Emilio su paciencia infinita y compresión por los tiempos que cada uno tenemos para aprender; por entender el trabajo como una esfera más de la vida en la que reina el respeto y que no se tiene que acompañar de presión; por plantearme los cursos idóneos en cada momento para aprender lo que de otra manera era inaccesible; por su soporte económico y de equilibrio mental, en fin… ¡muchas gracias! También quiero agradecer a mis coautores: Rosa y Julio, por su soporte material y económico, compañía en los largos días de experimentos e infusiones entrañables. A Pancho, gran investigador y mejor persona, hizo que me sintiera como en casa durante mi estancia en Chile; gracias por dedicarme todo el apoyo y atención que necesité, y por sus correcciones en tiempo exprés. A los profesores del departamento de Biología y Geológica de la URJC, por crear un buen clima en el departamento y su predisposición para echarte una mano. En especial tengo que agradecerles esta Tesis a todos los doctorandos y compañeros de despacho de la URJC. A todos mis compañeros del 230, 245 y del exilio en el 202. A mis primeros ix compis de despacho: Verónica, Linney, Samuel, Cris, Enrique, Laura, Talita, Hugo, Juanvi, Miguel, Concha, Ángela, Marina y a las visitas de estancias: Jennifer y Carlos. A Samuel, sabes que siempre serás ese ser donde se mezcla el odio, la ternura y la carcajada, gracias por ser el teléfono escacharrado y la chispita del día y, a pesar de todo, siempre serás bienvenido al sur de Despeñaperros. A Verónica, gracias por hablar de cosas que no sean ciencia y despertar una risa en cada día. A Linney, sin darme cuenta me contagie de tu ánimo y voluntad por conseguir lo que quieres, gracias por enseñarme que con constancia todo es posible. Dr. Valencia, a tu surrealismo espontáneo y sincero, por crear esos momentos tan divertidos ;). A Laura, ha sido todo un apoyo encontrar a alguien con una Tesis tan paralela, con quien charlar de Maxent, R y todos los modelos que se pongan por delante, has sido una ayuda fantástica durante estos años, suerte con los corales y, ya sabes si no están, llévalos donde te propongas. A Talita, un gustazo haber conocido a alguien con tanta energía y entusiasmo; algún día pondré en práctica todas tus estupendas recetas. A Hugo, gracias por las ayudas con los códigos de R y las charlas de cola‐cao. A mis compis del exilio que han sabido crear más que un despacho un sitio agradable donde compartir: Petris, Jesús, Javi, Lara, Ana, Juan y Dani. A Petris, mi gran “gemelier”, ha sido un gustazo trazar un camino a tu lado; amiga en todo momento para los momentos de bajón y para compartir los buenos ratos; en fin, me ha encantado saber que cada día estarías en la mesa de al lado para discutir cualquier tontería que surgiera; ¡gracias y mil gracias! A Yisus, compañero de viajes, que maravilla encontrar a alguien con ese entusiasmo, ganas por hacer cosas y aprender, lo único a ver si vas refinando el gusto por la música ;P. A Morente, viva esa ternura, sabiduría y positividad contagiosa. A Luisa, gracias por ser la alegría en persona y por tanto consejito maternal, me encanta tu forma de mirar la vida. Al resto: Sandra Hernández, Óscar, Sandra Freire, Pilar, Manu, Mario, Marina, Alicia, Lidia, Patri, Yoli, Carlos, Raquel, Bea, Vicki, Greta, Jana, Clara, Tamara, Pesca, Guille, … a los que ya no están por la universidad: Sonia, Silvia, Gema, Carlos, Julia, Nieves, Juanlu, Marta, … a tod@s los doctorand@s y técnic@s biodiversos gracias por las charlas de ciencia y de la vida, por escuchar cuando había un día más gris de la cuenta y por buscar alternativas a los cien‐mil problemas diarios de la Tesis. Espero seguir encontrándoos en mi camino. Sin ser muy consciente, acabas inmersa en esta gran familia biodiversa que siempre te ofrece algún aliciente académico, de dispersión y sobre todo de mucho ánimo y ayuda desinteresada, en vosotr@s he aprendido lo que debe ser el verdadero espíritu de la ciencia. No puedo olvidarme de mis compañeros de estancia de Santiago (Chile): Grisel, Pancha, Cote, Pablo, Sabrina, Carla, Nati, Nadia, Manu y César. Creo que tuve la mayor suerte: caer en un departamento con tanta calidad científica, calidad humana y gente divertida. Gracias por, a x pesar de estar a 10,000 km de mi hogar, hacerme sentir como si estuviera en casa. En especial a mi gran amiga Grisel, me gustaría agradecerle su forma de ser, una persona increíblemente generosa y alegre, gracias por contagiarme de tu ánimo y entusiasmo por la ciencia; por todas esas charlas de ciencia y clases magistrales que me impartiste del mundo de la respirometría, ¡gracias! A Pancha por ser una persona con los principios tan claros e integrarme en planes tan estupendos, nunca olvidaré ese teatro tipo cómic.
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