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Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC

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Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) Make and Model: NT-MDT, Russia; Solver Pro-4 Specifications: Measurement mode: Contact Mode, Semicontact Mode, Tapping mode. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) Resolution: Atomic scale Applications: AFM measures the surface morphology of a sample by scanning of a cantilever on the optically smooth (< 0.5 micron) surface of the conducting or non-conducting sample. In STM method the atomic position of the sample is determined by tunneling current from a platinum tip to conducting surfaces like HOPG (highly oriented graphite film). Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) Make and Model: Waters Corporation, USA Specifications: Detectors: Refractive Index (RI) and UV-VISIBLE detectors Mol. weight: 5000 to 5, 00,000 Daltons Solvents: Toluene, THF, and Water Applications: Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) or size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is the chromatographic technique used for determination of molecular weight of the polymers. The principle that works behind GPC is that the retention time of polymeric molecules is dependent on their molecular weight (or size) when passed through a porous gel column. Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) Make and Model: TA Instruments, USA; Q 10. Specifications: Temp. range: - 90 to 500 oC. Heating rate: 0.1 oC/min to 60 oC/min. Atmosphere: Inert and air. Crucible: Aluminum Applications: DSC measures the difference in energy inputs (heat flux) between a substance and a reference material as a function of temperature. Heat capacity ,Glass transition temperature, Phase or crystal transition temperatures, Reaction kinetics and percentage crystallinity can be measured. Light Scattering Make and Model: Malvern Inst. UK; Nano ZS. Specifications: Laser: 4.0 mW, 633 nm Measurement angle: 1730 Temperature range: 2 oC to 90 oC Particle Size range: 0.6 nm – 6 m m Molecular weight range: 1000 to 2x107 Daltons Applications: Light scattering measures the particle size and Zeta potential of the solids and liquids in insoluble states. It also measures the molecular weight of the soluble organic compound. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Make and Model: Shimadzu Corpn. , Japan; IR-Prestige 21 Specifications: Interferometer: Michelson interferometer Beam splitter: Germanium-coated KBr plate Wave number range: 7500 – 350 cm-1 Sample state: Solid, Liquid, and Gas Measurement mode: Attenuated total reflection (ATR), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), %Transmittance. Applications: FTIR spectra are used to identify the functional groups. It offers quantitative and qualitative analysis for both organic and inorganic samples. Electrochemical Analyzer (ECA) Make and Model: CH Instruments, USA; 680B Specifications: Current: 50pA to 250mA Potential update rate: 5 MHz Frequency: 0.01 to 100 KHz Ref. Electrode: Calomel, Ag/AgCl,Pt Applications: ECA measures the current vs voltage of a electrolyte solutions. It can work on multiple principles like Cyclic Voltametry, Tafel plot, Linear Sweep Voltameter, AC Voltametry, Potentiometric Stripping Analysis, etc. Colorimeter Make and Model: Hunter Lab, USA; Color Flex Specifications: Measurement time: <1sec Spectral range: 400nm – 700nm Sample state: Solid and Liquid Measurement Principle: Dual beam xenon flash lamp Applications: Colour of solid particles or solution is measured in three dimensional scale (L,a,b). Optical Contact Angle (OCA) Make and Model: Dataphysics, Germany; OCAH 230 Specifications: CCD Camera: 450 images /sec Interferometer: 220 x 40 x70 Applications: OCA measures the contact angle of the surfaces (liquids and bubbles). It measures static and dynamic contact angle with surface energies on the most diverse solids and liquids and is also used to measure interfacial tension. Dynamic Contact Angle (DCAT) Make and Model: Dataphysics, Germany; DCAT 21 Specifications: Measuring range: 1 … 1000 mN/m; ± 0.001 mN/m Weighing range: 10 µg … 210 g Lifting speed: 0. 7 µm/s … 500 mm/min Maximum lifting range: 104 mm Measuring methods: Modified Washburn method, Wilhelmy plate, Du Noüy ring method Applications: DCA measures the surface tension and interfacial tension of liquids and Critical micelle concentration of surfactants (CMC), Contact angle of powder, fibers and the adsorption behavior of liquids. Elemental Analyzer (C, H, N, S and O) Make and Model: M/s Elementar, Germany; Vario EL III Specifications: Combustion Temperature: 950 – 1200oC Sample Feed: 79-place auto sampler Detector: TCD (Thermal conductivity Detector) Carrier Gas: Helium Applications: Quantitative determinations of elements like Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur and Oxygen in organic compounds. Spectroflurophotometer Make and Model: M/s Shimadzu, Japan; RF-5301 PC Specifications: Wavelength Range: 220 to 750nm Sample state: Powder and Liquid Light Source: 150W Xenon lamp. Temperature: Room temperature Applications: Organic compound having fluorescent group is excited with a particular frequency and then the emitted radiation is measured. For non fluorescence compound a fluorescent marker is used to study their behavior. Thermo gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) Make and Model: Shimadzu, Japan; DTG-60 Specifications: Temperature range: Amb. to 1100 oC. Heating rate: 0.01 oC/min to 60 oC/min. Atmosphere: Nitrogen and air. Crucible: Aluminum, Platinum, Quartz, Alumina Applications: TGA measures the weight loss due to high temperature with respect to temperature between a substance and a reference material. This gives the thermal stability of the sample, reaction kinetics and weight loss. Ellipsometer Make and Model: Nano-View Inc., Korea; SE MG 1000-VIS Specifications: Data Acquisition: 5 sec Spectral Coverage: 1.45eV to 3.54eV Spectral range: 340 - 850 nm Sample state: Thin film, Nanostructures. Source: HL – 2000 Tungsten Halogen lamp Applications: Ellipsometer measures the refractive index and thickness of the thin film deposited on a smooth solid surface by measuring the reflected light from the surface. Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) Make and Model: Jeol, Japan; JSM-6390LV Specifications: Resolution: 3nm at 30Kv (high vacuum mode), 4nm at 30 Kv (low vacuum mode) Magnification: 5X to 300,00X Image Mode: Secondary Electron & Back Scattered Image Sample Stage: X=125mm, Y=100mm Accessories: Detectors (Secondary Electron (SE), Back Scattered Electron (BSE) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Coating unit: Au or Pt metal Applications: SEM measures the surface morphology of conducting and non conducting materials by analyzing BSE and SE. The Chemical compositions are analyzed by EDS. Impedance Analyzer Make and Model: Novocontrol Tech., Germany; ALPHA ATB Specifications: Frequency range: 3µHz to 20 MHz Impedence Range: 10-2 to 1014 Ω Capacitance Range: 1fF to 1F Ac voltage Range: 100µV to 3V Applications: The impedance analyzer measures the complex dielectric, conductivity and impedance function of materials in dependence of frequency and temperature. PCB Prototyping Make and Model: LPKF Laser & Electronics AG ,Germany; LPKF PCB Prototyping Machine Specifications: Max. Size of PCB: 229mm x 305mm x 38mm No of layer: Double Min. drill diameter: 0.6mm Applications: All 1 and 2-sided types of circuit board with usual equipment density (FR3, FR4, FR5, G10), RF- substrates, drilling test adapters, structuring film layouts and solder frames for PCB assembly are designed. Universal testing machine Make and Model: Instron, United Kingdom; Instron 8801 Specifications: 100KN, Hydraulic Power Pack with maximum pressure of 207 bar, Grips: Flat, Round, clevis and Band Fixture Software : Blue hill, Fast track software Applications: UTM is useful for Tensile test, Bending test, Fatigue test and Fatigue crack propagation studies. PULSE ANALYZER Make and Model: OROS S. A. France; OR 38/OROS Specifications: Real time channel l: 16 Analyzer: Multifunctional, Accelerometer: Triaxial, and Uniaxial icp Applications: Pulse Analyzer is used for structural dynamics reporting, resonant vibration characterization, vibration reduction purposes, frequency damping, modal shape animations and system health monitoring. MACHINERY FAULT SIMULATOR (MFS) Make and Model: SpectraQuest, Inc. USA; Machinery Fault Simulator (MFS) Specifications: Applications: The Machinery Fault Simulator (MFS) is designed to study the signature of common machinery faults, such as unbalance, alignment, resonance, bearing, rotor dynamics, crack shaft, gearbox, belt drives, reciprocating mechanism, mechanical rubs, induction motors, pumps, compressors and fans. LCMS/MS Make and Model: Specifications: Applications: POLISHING MACHINE Make and Model: Struers, Denmark, Labopol-5 Specifications: Labopol, LaboForce-3 and LaboDoser for manual/automatic specimen movement along with manual/automatic dosing of diamond suspension and lubricant. The variable rotational speed (50-500) rpm is controlled by an electronic servo system that keeps the selected speed constant, independent of the load. The force on each individual sample can be adjusted between 5 and 40 N. Applications: LaboPol-5 is suitable for grinding and polishing a wide variety of materials..
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