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Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide Release 12.4 Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide Release 12.4 Corporate Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA http://www.cisco.com Tel: 408 526-4000 800 553-NETS (6387) Fax: 408 526-4100 Customer Order Number: DOC-7817485= Text Part Number: 78-17485-01 THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRODUCTS IN THIS MANUAL ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. ALL STATEMENTS, INFORMATION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE BUT ARE PRESENTED WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USERS MUST TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR APPLICATION OF ANY PRODUCTS. THE SOFTWARE LICENSE AND LIMITED WARRANTY FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT ARE SET FORTH IN THE INFORMATION PACKET THAT SHIPPED WITH THE PRODUCT AND ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY THIS REFERENCE. IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE THE SOFTWARE LICENSE OR LIMITED WARRANTY, CONTACT YOUR CISCO REPRESENTATIVE FOR A COPY. The Cisco implementation of TCP header compression is an adaptation of a program developed by the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) as part of UCB’s public domain version of the UNIX operating system. All rights reserved. Copyright © 1981, Regents of the University of California. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER WARRANTY HEREIN, ALL DOCUMENT FILES AND SOFTWARE OF THESE SUPPLIERS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” WITH ALL FAULTS. CISCO AND THE ABOVE-NAMED SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE, OR TRADE PRACTICE. IN NO EVENT SHALL CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS OR LOSS OR DAMAGE TO DATA ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS MANUAL, EVEN IF CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. CCSP, CCVP, the Cisco Square Bridge logo, Follow Me Browsing, and StackWise are trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; Changing the Way We Work, Live, Play, and Learn, and iQuick Study are service marks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; and Access Registrar, Aironet, BPX, Catalyst, CCDA, CCDP, CCIE, CCIP, CCNA, CCNP, Cisco, the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert logo, Cisco IOS, Cisco Press, Cisco Systems, Cisco Systems Capital, the Cisco Systems logo, Cisco Unity, Enterprise/Solver, EtherChannel, EtherFast, EtherSwitch, Fast Step, FormShare, GigaDrive, GigaStack, HomeLink, Internet Quotient, IOS, IP/TV, iQ Expertise, the iQ logo, iQ Net Readiness Scorecard, LightStream, Linksys, MeetingPlace, MGX, the Networkers logo, Networking Academy, Network Registrar, Packet, PIX, Post-Routing, Pre-Routing, ProConnect, RateMUX, ScriptShare, SlideCast, SMARTnet, The Fastest Way to Increase Your Internet Quotient, and TransPath are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and certain other countries. All other trademarks mentioned in this document or Website are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (0601R) Any Internet Protocol (IP) addresses used in this document are not intended to be actual addresses. Any examples, command display output, and figures included in the document are shown for illustrative purposes only. Any use of actual IP addresses in illustrative content is unintentional and coincidental. Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide © 2005–2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CONTENTS About Cisco IOS Software Documentation for Release 12.4 xlix Documentation Objectives xlix Audience xlix Documentation Organization for Cisco IOS Release 12.4 l Document Conventions lvi Obtaining Documentation lvii Cisco.com lvii Product Documentation DVD lviii Ordering Documentation lviii Documentation Feedback lviii Cisco Product Security Overview lix Reporting Security Problems in Cisco Products lix Obtaining Technical Assistance lx Cisco Technical Support & Documentation Website lx Submitting a Service Request lx Definitions of Service Request Severity lxi Obtaining Additional Publications and Information lxi Using Cisco IOS Software for Release 12.4 lxiii Understanding Command Modes lxiii Getting Help lxiv Example: How to Find Command Options lxv Using the no and default Forms of Commands lxviii Saving Configuration Changes lxviii Filtering Output from the show and more Commands lxix Finding Additional Feature Support Information lxix Quality of Service Overview 1 What Is Quality of Service? 1 About QoS Architecture 2 Who Could Benefit from Using Cisco IOS QoS? 2 Why Deploy Cisco IOS QoS? 3 End-to-End QoS Models 3 Best-Effort Service 4 Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide iii Contents Integrated Service 4 Differentiated Service 4 Cisco IOS QoS Features 5 Classification 5 Congestion Management 6 What Is Congestion in Networks? 6 FIFO Queuing 7 PQ 7 FR PIPQ 7 CQ 7 WFQ and DWFQ 7 CBWFQ and DCBWFQ 7 IP RTP Priority 8 Frame Relay IP RTP Priority 8 LLQ 8 DLLQ 8 LLQ for Frame Relay 8 Congestion Avoidance 9 WRED 9 DWRED 9 Flow-Based WRED 10 DiffServ Compliant WRED 10 Policing and Shaping 10 signalling 10 Link Efficiency Mechanisms 11 Multilink PPP 11 Frame Relay Fragmentation 12 Header Compression 12 QoS Solutions 12 IP to ATM CoS 12 QoS Features for Voice 13 Differentiated Services Implementations 13 QoS Bandwidth Estimation 13 Modular QoS Command-Line Interface 13 Security Device Manager 13 AutoQoS 13 Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide iv Contents PART 1: CLASSIFICATION Classification Overview 17 About IP Precedence 18 How the IP Precedence Bits Are Used to Classify Packets 18 Setting or Changing the IP Precedence Value 19 Policy-Based Routing 20 How It Works 20 When Should You Use Policy-Based Routing? 21 QoS Policy Propagation via Border Gateway Protocol 21 Restrictions 21 Committed Access Rate 22 Marking Network Traffic 22 Network-Based Application Recognition 22 Classification of HTTP by URL, HOST, or MIME 25 Classification of Citrix ICA Traffic by Application Name 26 Protocol Discovery 27 Packet Description Language Module 27 Memory Management 27 Supported Protocols 28 Restrictions 32 Configuring Policy-Based Routing 35 Policy-Based Routing Configuration Task List 35 Enabling PBR 35 Enabling Fast-Switched PBR 37 Enabling Local PBR 38 Enabling CEF-Switched PBR 38 Policy-Based Routing Configuration Examples 38 Equal Access Example 38 Differing Next Hops Example 39 Configuring QoS Policy Propagation via Border Gateway Protocol 41 Policy Propagation via BGP Configuration Task Overview 41 Policy Propagation via BGP Configuration Task List 42 Configuring Policy Propagation Based on Community Lists 42 Configuring Policy Propagation Based on the Autonomous System Path Attribute 43 Configuring Policy Propagation Based on an Access List 44 Monitoring Policy Propagation via BGP 44 Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide v Contents Policy Propagation via BGP Configuration Examples 45 Configuring Committed Access Rate 49 Committed Access Rate Configuration Task List 49 Configuring CAR and DCAR for All IP Traffic 50 Configuring CAR and DCAR Policies 51 IP Precedence or MAC Address 52 IP Access List 52 Configuring a Class-Based DCAR Policy 52 Monitoring CAR and DCAR 53 CAR and DCAR Configuration Examples 53 Subrate IP Services Example 54 Input and Output Rate Limiting on an Interface Example 54 Rate Limiting in an IXP Example 54 Rate Limiting by Access List Example 55 Marking Network Traffic 57 Contents 57 Prerequisites for Marking Network Traffic 57 Restrictions for Marking Network Traffic 58 Information About Marking Network Traffic 58 Purpose of Marking Network Traffic 58 Benefits of Marking Network Traffic 59 Two Methods for Marking Traffic Attributes 59 Method One: Using a set Command 60 Method Two: Using a Table Map 61 Traffic Marking Procedure Flowchart 62 MQC and Network Traffic Marking 64 Traffic Classification Compared with Traffic Marking 64 How to Mark Network Traffic 65 Creating a Class Map for Marking Network Traffic 65 Creating a Table Map for Marking Network Traffic 66 Creating a Policy Map for Applying a QoS Feature to Network Traffic 67 Restrictions 67 What To Do Next 70 Attaching the Policy Map to an Interface 70 Configuring QoS When Using IPSec VPNs 72 Configuration Examples for Marking Network Traffic 74 Creating a Class Map for Marking Network Traffic: Example 74 Creating a Table Map for Marking Network Traffic: Example 74 Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide vi Contents Creating a Policy Map for Applying a QoS Feature to Network Traffic: Examples 74 Attaching the Policy Map to an Interface: Example 77 Configuring QoS When Using IPSec VPNs: Example 77 Additional References 77 Related Documents 77 Standards 78 MIBs 78 RFCs 78 Technical Assistance 78 Glossary 79 Feature Information for Marking Network Traffic 79 Classifying Network Traffic 81 Contents 81 Prerequisites for Classifying Network Traffic 81 Information About Classifying Network Traffic 81 Purpose of Classifying Network Traffic 82 Benefits of Classifying Network Traffic 82 MQC and Network Traffic Classification 82 Network Traffic Classification match Commands and Match Criteria 83 Traffic Classification Compared with Traffic Marking 84 How to Classify Network Traffic 85 Creating a Class Map for Classifying Network Traffic 85 Creating a Policy Map for Applying a QoS Feature to Network Traffic
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