Initial Environmental Examination

August 2011

Pakistan: MFF-Punjab Irrigated Agriculture Sector Development T2 (New Khanki Barrage Project)

Prepared by Punjab Management Office (PMO) for Punjab Barrages for the Asian Development Bank

GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT

PUNJAB MANAGEMENT OFFICE(PMO) FOR PUNJAB BARRAGES

New Khanki Barrage Project (NKBP)

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION REPORT

IEE Report

August 2011

GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT

PUNJAB MANAGEMENT OFFICE (PMO) FOR PUNJAB BARRAGES New Khanki Barrage Project (NKBP) IEE Report

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page No.

1. INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 GENERAL 1-1 1.2 PROJECT DETAILS 1-1 1.3 BACKGROUND 1-3 1.4 PROJECT LOCATION 1-4 1.5 PROJECT CATEGORIZATION 1-5 1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT 1-5 1.7 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT 1-6 1.8 METHODOLOGIES OF PERFORMING THE STUDY 1-6 1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESETTLEMENT ISSUES 1-7

2. LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK POLICY 2-1 2.1 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN PAKISTAN 2-1 2.2 NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY 2-1 2.3 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT POLICY 2-1 2.4 GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 2-2 2.4.1 Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, 1997 2-2 2.4.2 Guidelines of Public Consultation, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, May, 1997 2-2 2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES 2-3 2.5.1 Provincial EPA 2-3 2.5.2 Provincial Departments of Forestry and Wildlife 2-3 2.5.3 Local Government and Municipalities 2-3 2.5.4 Social & Environmental Management Unit (SEMU) 2-3 2.5.5 Environment-Related Statutes 2-4 2.6 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GUIDELINES 2-5 2.7 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS) 2000 2-6 2.8 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS 2-12

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3. THE PROJECT 3-1 3.1 GENERAL 3-1 3.2 THE NEW KHANKI BARRAGE PROJECT 3-1 3.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 3-1 3.4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3-2 3.4.1 Environmental Assessment 3-3 3.4.2 Old Barrage (Area A) 3-3 3.4.3 New Barrage site (Area B) 3-3 3.4.4 Public Park (Area C) 3-3 3.4.5 Consultants Residence and New Staff Colony (Area D) 3-6 3.4.6 Offices (Area E) 3-6 3.4.7 Old Workers Colony (Area F) 3-6 3.4.8 New L.C.C (Area G) 3-6 3.4.9 Private Land (Area H) 3-6 3.4.10 Government land; Tree Plantation (Area I) 3-6 3.4.11 Lake (Area J) 3-6 3.4.12 Old Workshop (Area K) 3-7 3.4.13 Contractors Facilities (Area L) 3-7 3.4.14 Palku Nallah 3-7 3.4.15 Borrow Area 3-7 3.4.16 High Level Channel 3-7 3.4.17 Development and Improvement of Access Road 3-7 3.4.18 Rehabilitation of School 3-7 3.4.19 Construction of Basic Health Unit (B.H.U) 3-8 3.5 WORKS & MATERIALS 3-8 3.5.1 Estimated quantities of works 3-8

4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE 4-1 4.1 GENERAL 4-1 4.2 AREA OF INFLUENCE (AOI) 4-1 4.3 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 4-2 4.3.1 Alluvial Deposits 4-2 4.3.2 Physiography 4-3 4.3.3 Soil Type 4-3 4.3.4 Land Use 4-3 4.3.5 The River and Hydrologic Regime at Old Khanki Headworks 4-4 4.3.6 Effect of Dismantling of Old Khanki Barrage on Peak Discharge of Chenab River 4-5

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4.3.7 Water Resource for the Vicinity Area 4-5 4.3.8 Climate 4-8 4.3.9 Ambient Quality of Environment 4-9 4.4 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 4-14 4.4.1 Flora 4-14 4.4.2 Fauna 4-16 4.4.3 Endangered Species 4-21 4.4.4 Livestock 4-21 4.4.5 Agriculture 4-22 4.4.6 Horticulture 4-22 4.4.7 Socio-Economic and Cultural Aspects 4-22 4.4.8 Population and Community Structure 4-23 4.4.9 Poverty Status 4-23 4.4.10 Land Tenure System 4-24 4.4.11 Land Value 4-24 4.4.12 Social Equity 4-25 4.4.13 Social Cohesion 4-25 4.4.14 Gender Issues and Status of Women 4-25 4.4.15 Services and Facilities in the area 4-26 4.4.16 Credit Facilities 4-30 4.4.17 Resettlement 4-31 4.4.18 Conclusions 4-31

5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5-1 5.1 No Project Option/Worst Scenario Option 5-2 5.2 Option of Remodeling and Repairing the Old Headworks and Not Building New Barrage 5-3 5.3 Option of Constructing the New Barrage on the Site of Old Barrage 5-4 5.4 Option of Constructing the New Barrage Upstream the Old Barrage 5-5 5.5 Option of New Barrage 900 Feet Downstream of the Old Headworks 5-6 5.6 Option of Dismantling the Old Khanki Barrage 5-7 5.7 Option of Not Locating Logistics and Irrigation Department Land 5-8 5.8 Option of Employing Outside Labour Instead Of Local Labour 5-9 5.9 Summary of Alternatives 5-10

6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE 6-1 6.1 CONSULTATION PROCESS 6-1 6.2 STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION 6-2

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6.3 CONSULTATION FINDINGS 6-3 6.4 GENDER COMPONENT 6-4 6.5 SOCIAL FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT (SFA) 6-5 6.3.1 Parties 6-5 6.3.2 Agreement Contents 6-5

7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 7-1 7.1 METHODOLOGY 7-1 7.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT – OVERVIEW 7-1 7.3 EXPLANATION OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 7-4 7.3.1 Construction Phase 7-4 7.3.1.1 Land Resources 7-4 7.3.1.2 Hydrology and Water Resources 7-9 7.3.1.3 Air Quality and Noise Pollution 7-11 7.3.1.4 Biological Resources 7-13 7.3.1.5 Socioeconomic, Cultural and Archaeological Issues 7-15 7.3.2 Operational and Management Phase 7-16 7.3.3 Socio-economic Impacts on the overall Project Area 7-16

8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 8-1 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8-1 8.1.1 Objective of Environmental Management Plan 8-1 8.1.2 Regulatory Requirements and Applicable Standards 8-2 8.1.2.1 National Regulatory Requirements 8-2 8.1.2.2 ADB Procedures 8-3 8.1.2.3 Status of Regulatory Clearances 8-4 8.1.3 Components of the EMP 8-4 8.2. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND RESPONSIBILITIES 8-5 8.2.1 Management Approach 8-5 8.2.2 Project Management Office (PMO) 8-5 8.2.3 Contractor 8-6 8.2.4 Construction Supervision Consultants 8-6 8.2.5 Organizational Structure 8-6 8.3. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION PLAN 8-10 8.3.1 Corridor of Impact 8-10 8.3.2 Mitigation Plan 8-10 8.3.3 Social Development Assistance 8-11

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8.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 8-28 8.4.1 Objectives 8-28 8.4.2 Monitoring 8-28 8.4.2.1 Effects Monitoring 8-29 8.4.2.2 Compliance Monitoring 8-29 8.4.2.3 Post-Project Monitoring 8-30 8.4.2.4 Third Party Monitoring / Environmental Audit Annually 8-31 8.4.3 Grievance Redress System 8-33 8.4.4 Reporting Structure and Outcomes 8-34 8.4.4.1 Data Recording and Maintenance 8-34 8.4.4.2 Storage of information 8-34 8.4.4.3 Meetings 8-34 8.4.4.4 Photographic record 8-35 8.4.4.5 Social complaints register 8-35 8.4.4.6 Change record register 8-35 8.4.4.7 Reporting 8-35 8.4.5 Communication Strategy 8-36 8.5. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE 8-38 8.5.1 Meeting with local and regional officials 8-38 8.5.2 Meeting with Local Communities 8-39 8.6. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING PLAN 8-44 8.7. CHANGE MANAGEMENT 8-46 8.8. ESTIMATED COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 8-46

9. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 9-1 9.1 GENERAL 9-1 9.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT 9-1 9.2.1 Management Responsibilities 9-1 9.3 SOCIAL COMPLAINTS REGISTER 9-5

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LIST OF TABLES

Page No. Table - 2.1: Pak EPA NEQS (2000) for Effluent Discharge 2-6 Table - 2.2: Pak EPA NEQS (2000) for Gaseous Emission 2-7 Table - 2.3: Pak EPA NEQS (2009) for Vehicular emissions 2-8 Table - 2.4: Pak EPA NEQS (2010) for Noise Level 2-9 Table - 2.5: Pak EPA NEQS (2010) for Drinking Water 2-9 Table - 2.6: Pak EPA NEQS (2010) for Ambient Air Quality 2-11 Table - 3.1: Provide year-wise estimation of physical activities 3-9 Table - 3.2: Availability of Raw Materials 3-9 Table - 4.1: Taking the peak annual discharge of the river Chenab at Khanki Headworks, as an indicator of the hydrological behavior of the river, following is the discharge data of past 86 years. 4-4 Table - 4.2: Summary Parameters of Surface Water Quality Analysis 4-6 Table - 4.3: Summary parameters of ground water quality 4-7 Table - 4.4: Percentage Surface Salinity Statistics 4-8 Table - 4.5: Summary of Ambient Air Quality & Noise Level 4-10 Table - 4.6: Traffic Count crossing over L.C.C. Headworks, on old Khanki headworks (passing both ways) 4-10 Table - 4.7: Some Sources and Effects of Noise 4-12 Table - 4.8: Mammals 4-17 Table - 4.9: Birds 4-17 Table - 4.10: Reptiles 4-19 Table - 4.11: (a): Turtles – Hard Shells 4-20 Table - 4.11: (b): Turtles – True Soft Shells 4-20 Table - 4.12: Amphibians 4-20 Table - 4.13: Fish reported in river Chenab upstream and downstream Khanki Barrage. 4-21 Table - 4.14: Area, Production and Cropping Intensities of Main Agri Crops in Rancha Doab 4-22 Table - 4.15: Land Capability Class 4-24 Table - 6.1: Summary of Consultation Meeting 6-3 Table - 6.2: Social Condition of Women in the project Area 6-4 Table - 7.1: Check list of potential impacts for Construction and Operational Phases 7-2 Table - 8.1: Applicable Regulatory Requirements (Environmental) 8-2 Table - 8.2 Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan 8-12

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Table - 8.3: Social Impact Mitigation Plan 8-23 Table - 8.4: Effects Monitoring Plan 8-31 Table - 8.5: Periodic Reports 8-35 Table - 8.6: List of Officials Contacted 8-38 Table - 8.7: Member of Public in Khanki Barrage Area Interviewed 8-40 Table - 8.8: Employment Opportunities in the Construction of New Khanki Barrage Project 8-42 Table - 8.9: Training Program 8-45 Table - 8.10: Cost Estimates for Environmental Management 8-47 Table - 9.1 Grievance Resolution Process 9-5

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LIST OF FIGURES Page No.

Figure - 1.1: Location map of Khanki Barrage 1-5 Figure - 3.1: (a) Proposed Project Area map of the New Khanki Barrage 3-4 Figure - 3.1: (b) Proposed Project Area map of the New Khanki Barrage 3-5 Figure - 4.1: Water distribution systems to communities in Rachna Doab, through a contemporary Project 4-2 Figure - 4.2: Land use pattern in Project Area 4-3 Figure - 4.3: Seismic Hazard Zones of Pakistan 4-13 Figure - 8.1: Organization structure of PMO 8-8 Figure - 8.2: Organization Chart for Environment Management / monitoring implementation 8-9

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LIST OF ABBREVIATION

ADB Asian Development Bank AOI Area of Influence BOD Biological Oxygen Demand CMS Conservation of Migratory Species COD Chemical Oxygen Demand COSHH Control of Substances Hazardous to Health EC Electrical Conductivity EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMMP Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPA’s Environmental Protection Agencies ESIA Environmental & Social Impact Assessment FAO Food and Agriculture Organization G CA Gross Cultivated Area GRC Grievance Redress Committee ID Irrigation Department IEE Initial Environmental Examination IWT Indus Water Treaty LARAP Land Acquisition & Resettlement Action Plan M&E Monitoring and Evaluation NCS National Conservation Strategy NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards NOC No-Objection Certificate O&M Operation and Maintenance NKBP New Khanki Barrage Project PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Act PEPC Pakistan Environmental Protections Council PHS Public Health and Safety PID Punjab Irrigation Department PMO Project Management Office PMU Project Management Unit PPE Personal Protective Equipment RSC Residual Sodium Carbonate RE Resident Engineer SAR Sodium Adsorption Ratio

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SCARP Salinity Control and Reclamation Project SEMU Social & Environmental Management Unit SFA Social Frame Work Agreement SMO SCARPS Monitoring Organization SOP Survey of Pakistan SOP Soil Survey of Pakistan TDS Total Dissolved Solids US-EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority WHO World Health Organization WWF Worldwide Fund for Nature

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

THE PROJECT Head Khanki or the Khanki Headwork is the oldest head work of Pakistan (32o24’09.65” N 73o58’14.30”E). It is present at river Chenab in Gujranwala District. It is shutter type structure used to control water flow and flood flow in river Chenab. The current operations are mainly manual in nature and are cumbersome. Khanki Headwork provides water to Lower Chenab Canal (L.C.C). It was built in 1889-1892 and remodeled in 1935, is now too old and outdated to continue providing required services. The Discharge Capacity of NKBP will be 1,100,000 cusecs and the flow and capacity of L.C.C will remain same.

It is therefore proposed to build a new Barrage about 900 ft. downstream of existing Headworks as a replacement of the old barrage due to technical, economic and safety reasons.

The Project activity will consist of the following: 1. Construction of the new barrage at 900 ft downstream of the old head work 2. Dismantling of old Khanki Head work 3. Construction of new bridge over the new barrage 4. Construction of public park 5. Demolition of old Govt Servant colony and their relocation to the new colony 6. Rehabilitation of Boys& Girls schools 7. Construction of new Basic Health Unit (BHU) 8. Construction of the Consultant’s Residence 9. Rehabilitation of the old Workshop 10. Acquisition of Private land 11. Construction of Coffer Dams 12. Construction of LCC Head Regulator and small road bridge 13. Alteration in route of High level Channel along the new LCC 14. Tree cutting 15. Establishment and operations of Contractor’s Camp/facilities 16. Development and improvement of the access road (about 35 km) 17. Excavation from Borrow Areas and Restoration.

For the purpose of the above an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report has been prepared to ensure the following objectives:  Apply ADB’s Environment safeguards

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 The applicable environmental administrative and legal frame work on the project  Environmental & social base line data of the project area of influence (AOI)  Assessment of potential environmental impacts and determining mitigation measures of expected adverse impacts

Develop a basic Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Framework (inclusive of all major environmental aspects and risk bases assessment plan) and envisaged EMP implementation cost. The base line data was developed and analyzed to identify potential environmental impacts of the project. An Environmental Assessment Checklist methodology was adopted to identify the high risk activities and suggest their mitigation measures. Where possible, eliminating the risk by altering the scope or method of execution of work was preferred rather than minimizing the risk with control measures.

The “no project” option is considered inappropriate. In view of the long term and wide spread benefits of safe and a long term New Khanki Barrage Project (NKBP).

Legal and Administration Framework Policy Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 is the primary legislation which applies in Environmental Assessment studies in Pakistan. Under section 12 of the Act a project falling under any category specified in Schedule II (SRO 339(1)/2000) require the proponent to file an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) with the concerned Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which in case of New Khanki Barrage Project (NKBP) is EPA Punjab.

The nature and scope of work and the environmental setting of the AOI (established through REA Checklist) indicates that there will neither be any significant adverse impact to the environment nor there would be any irreversible ecological damage due to the project activities. All the adverse impacts either would be temporary or would be easily mitigable. The projects benefits on the other hand would easily outweigh any small and temporary adverse impacts. The project will have significant positive environmental and social benefits by uplifting the aesthetics of the area (Public Park, new colonies and better infrastructure) and also through providing better efficiency in regulating water bodies. Therefore, the project should be categorized as B, as per the Asian Development Guidelines (ADB)

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However such a project requires an EIA as per section 12 of PEPA 1997 an EIA is prepared to obtain No Objection Certificate (N.O.C). All project activities should be compliant with NEQS and should establish monitoring and evaluation systems.

Description of the Environment The New Khanki Barrage (Latitude 32o24’09.11” North and Longitude 73o58’01.25” East) will be located on Chenab River approximately 900 ft downstream of the existing Khanki Head works in Wazirabad Tehsil of Gujranwala District in Punjab Province. It is 72 miles from Lahore, 15 miles from Wazirabad Town, 40 miles below Marala Barrage and 15 miles upstream of Qadirabad Barrage. The settlements nearest to the Khanki Head work are as follows (All distances approximate to project near vicinity): Khanki Village (500 meters) Kot Imam Baksh (800 meters) Kot-Natho (800 meters) Kacha kay quarters (800 meters) Ranekay (1 km) Chak Ali Sher (1.5 Km) Goraali (2 km)

In general the area has access to electricity and communication networks. Health facilities are scarce and inadequate. Literacy rate is low and about 80% population is based on agriculture. The main surface water sources of the area include River Chenab, Lower Chenab Canal (L.C.C), Palkhu Nallah. LCC Command area is 3.0 million acres. The population in the area is nearly 5.0 million persons. Density of population per sq. km is 570 as compared to 350 for overall Punjab. The socio-economic structure of project area is primarily agrarian. About 74 percent of the total population lives in rural area and depends upon agriculture. The remaining population lives in cities and towns with ample facilities for work as the cities are generally well industrialized especially in metal works, electrical goods, ceramics and agro-based industries. Some of the rural population travels and even migrates to cities for employment.

The socio-economic structure of project area is primarily agrarian. About 74 percent of the total population lives in rural area and depends upon agriculture. The remaining population lives in cities and towns with ample facilities for work as the cities are generally well industrialized especially in metal works, electrical goods, ceramics and

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agro-based industries. Some of the rural population travels and even migrates to cities for employment. Social consultations were carried out with officials and local communities. The aim was to solicit views on the proposed project and incorporate their concerns, demands and needs into Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Social Framework Agreement (SFA). Indirect women consultations were carried out to incorporate gender issues in the social assessment. The idea of construction of new Khanki barrage was hailed by almost all the interviewees. The flora of the project area can be divided into two parts i.e. riverian Flora and inland Flora The immediate and surrounding area of the project has been under human inference for a long time and, therefore no endangered species is present or spotted in the area.

Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Most of the adverse environmental and social impacts of the Project will be associated with the construction phase. Except for resettlement issues which would need to be addressed carefully, the remaining impacts associated with the construction phase will be temporary, reversible, phased over a period of time, localized and manageable. The air quality was analysed and found reasonably clean and no any obvious source of air pollution was located in the vicinity of the project area of influence. However there are kacha paths and may cause dust pollution during traffic movement. Air quality shall be controlled by regular spraying of water on kacha paths. All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during construction activities will be kept in good working conditions to minimize the exhaust emissions. Cutting & burning trees and shrubs as a fuel shall be prohibited and clean source of energy should be provided at the contractor’s camp e.g. gas cylinders etc. Noise, air quality and water sources shall be monitored periodically, as specified in EIA report. All the work activities should be restricted within the allowed working hours. There is not any designated environmentally protected or archaeological site falling within the direct project area of influence. The Project will not have any significant impacts on fish, fishermen communities, wildlife and wildlife habitat. However, monitoring measures have been recommended to ensure that any unforeseen impacts can be identified, compared with baseline and mitigated during the implementation stage. All forest, wildlife and fisheries laws should be fully respected and abided by the contractor and his work force. No fire arms should be carried out by the contractor’s work force. Tree cutting (1000) would be required for the construction of new L.C.C (diverted path; it would meet the existing L.C.C. at 3500

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ft.). 10000 trees will be planted as compensation of the same. Public Park will be developed near Khanki village. This will raise the aesthetic values of the area and provide a picnic spot to the local community and tourist. During construction, the Contactor’s work force is expected to be largely available from the local population, which will enhance the economic opportunities for the locals of working age group. Socioeconomic conditions of the project area will generally have positive impacts due to the project implementation i.e. availability of jobs during construction phase. The Project will also improve some of the social infrastructure as part of the repair and rehabilitation (access road, rehabilitation of school, construction of Basic Health Unit). The livelihoods of farming communities will also improve through increased and equitable canal water availability and improved agricultural productivity through improved agricultural practices and road network. The representation of women and other vulnerable groups will be ensured in the Project benefits. The noticeable adverse impact of the Project will be resettlement and relocation of affected communities. Detailed resettlement action plans to mitigate these impacts will be prepared and implemented before commencing the work on site. A Resettlement Framework and representative Resettlement Action Plans have been prepared as part of the feasibility study. It is very important to protect the water sources during the construction phase from accidental spills of diesel or any chemical, as any spill could percolate to the groundwater through the sandy stratum at site. All the solid waste and wastewater generated from the project activities and contractor camp shall be disposed-off according to the waste disposal plan, which would be a component of the EMP. If the groundwater is to be used for the water supply in the Contractor Camp then it would be required to abstract water from sufficient depth and confirm that it meets the WHO standards by the contractor. The proposed project will bring about a net-positive benefit in terms of improved water resource management and agricultural productivity in the area. Continuous environmental monitoring will be carried out for the entire construction phase, to ensure due diligence of environmental performance. The EMP will also ensure reporting of all non-conformances and their rectification within a specified period of time along with safety, health and environment (SHE) audits

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CONCLUSION It is anticipated that all environmental and social issues involved during the construction and operational phase of the project are manageable, therefore it is concluded that the project is environmentally friendly, financially viable, economically sustainable, generally neutral and pro-poverty elevation.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

The province of Punjab is only one fourth of the total area of Pakistan, yet its fertile land yields are more than 50% of the total national agricultural produce. One of the reasons for such high agricultural production is the efficient use of water resources through Punjab’s irrigation network. The Punjab irrigation network comprises 24 canals fed by 14 barrages / headworks and 9 major inter-river link canals, irrigating more than 21 million acres of land.

Khanki Headwork is the oldest head work of Pakistan (32o24’09.65”N 73o58’14.30”E). It is present at river Chenab in Gujranwala District. It is shutter type structure used to control water flow and flood flow in river Chenab. The current operations are mainly manual in nature and are cumbersome. Khanki Headworks provides water to Lower Chenab Canal (L.C.C). It was built in 1889-1892 and remodeled in 1935, is now too old and outdated to continue providing required services. Lower Chenab Canal (L.C.C) originates from Head Khanki. It provides water to three million acres (12,000 km²) of agricultural lands by one main distributary (Lower Chenab) and 59 minor distributaries. In the last 118 years there were 11 occasions when water reached 730 feet higher than the sea level (at times of high floods). It is therefore proposed to build a new Barrage about 900 ft. downstream of existing Headworks as a replacement of the old barrage due to technical, economic and safety reasons. The Discharge capacity of New Khanki Barrage will be 1,100,000 cusecs. The flow and capacity of the L.C.C remains same.

Asian Development Bank (ADB) is providing assistance to improve the management of Punjab Water Resources and increase the agricultural productivity of the province under the Punjab Irrigation Agriculture Investment Program (PIAIP).

1.2 PROJECT DETAILS

Punjab Irrigation Department (PID) is the executing agency of the Punjab Irrigated Agriculture Investment Program (PIAIP). New Khanki Barrage Project will be carried out under PIAIP. The consultancy of the project including feasibility and detailed design work was awarded to a joint venture of NDC / NESPAK / ATKINS. This report comprises the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study of the NKBP on Chenab River. The IEE study takes into account the natural environment (air,

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water, land, flora & fauna), human health and safety. This study evaluates the project’s potential environmental risks and impacts in its areas of influence and outlines planning, designing and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating or compensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts throughout project implementation. The Social Assessment (SA) has been conducted to evaluate the project’s potential positive and adverse effects on the affected people and to examine project alternatives where adverse effects may be significant. The breadth, depth and type of analysis in the social assessment are proportional to the nature of the project and scale of its potential effects, positive or adverse, on the affected people.

The New Khanki Barrage Project (NKBP with Discharge capacity of 1,100,000 cusecs), (Latitude 32o24’09.11” North and Longitude 73o58’01.25” East) will be located on Chenab River approximately 900 ft. downstream of the existing Khanki Head works in Wazirabad Tehsil of Gujranwala District in Punjab Province. It is 72 miles from Lahore, 15 miles from Wazirabad Town, 40 miles below Marala Barrage and 15 miles upstream of Qadirabad Barrage.

The Project activity will consist of the following: 1. Construction of the new barrage at 900 ft. downstream of the old head work 2. Construction of new bridge over the new barrage 3. Construction of LCC Head Regulator and small bridge 4. Dismantling of old Khanki Head work 5. Construction of public park 6. Demolition of old workers colony and their relocation to the new colony 7. Rehabilitation of school 8. Construction of new Basic Health Unit (BHU) 9. Construction of the Consultant’s Residence 10. Rehabilitation of the old Workshop 11. Acquisition of Private land 12. Construction of Coffer Dams 13. Alteration in route of High level Channel along the new LCC 14. Felling of 1000 trees (Eucalyptus) 15. Establishment and operations of Contractor’s Camp/facilities 16. Development and improvement of the access road (about 35 km) 17. Excavation from borrow areas and Restoration

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The base line data was developed and analyzed to identify potential environmental impacts of the project. An Environmental Assessment Checklist methodology was adopted to identify the high risk activities and suggest their mitigation measures. Where possible, eliminating the risk by altering the scope or method of execution of work was preferred rather than minimizing the risk with control measures. The old barrage is a shutter type structure, planned to provide perennial irrigation supplies to the Rachna Doab through L.C.C. The barrage, originally constructed in 1892, was a very flimsy structure. It comprised of a low crest block of brick masonry with dry stone protection on upstream and downstream glacis of stone in lime mortar and gated canal head regulator. There were repeated failures and damages while additions and alterations continued at frequent intervals. It was extensively rehabilitated and reconstructed in 1933-35. Presently the old headwork is an assortment of different design principles and various construction styles like the monitoring and managing high floods up to 1.1 million cusecs a Flood Control Centre was established at Khanki Headworks, which now needs to be modernized. Sub-surface flow condition uplift pressures and exit gradient at different critical points of headworks cannot be accurately measured due to choking of 40% and malfunctioning of many other pressure pipes.

1.3 BACKGROUND

The history of construction of L.C.C. is older than the Khanki Headworks. LCC was initially constructed as an inundation canal in 1887 off-taking from a point 4½ miles downstream of Khanki Headworks. It was later converted into a perennial canal off- taking from the headworks. Presently LCC is a gigantic contiguous irrigation system which is irrigating a vast area in Rachna Doab. Some idea of the extent and vastness of this canal system, as it stands today, can be obtained from the following facts:

 Designed discharge at head : 11538 Cusecs. Area served : 3,647,683 Acres (Located in 6 districts of (Central Punjab)  Area irrigated 2006-07 : 5,000,350 Acres  Designed intensity of irrigation : 75%  Actual intensity of irrigation : 165%  Length of channels : 2,925 units (4680 km)  Number of outlets : 6,954  Water Flow : perennial

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The headworks have a designed discharge capacity of 1,100,000 cusecs whereas the actual flood exceeded this figure for nine (9) times, the maximum being 1,086,000 cusecs. The flow and capacity of the L.C.C. will remain same. Control on the river flows and pond level is very loose, regulation through outdated shutters results in heavy leakages of water during periods of acute shortage. Also, there is no bridge or regulation platform across the river. The structural durability of the headworks is unreliable and it may yield to any stress beyond its present capacity. With this eventuality, irrigation will be a serious problem in about 3 million acres of very fertile land served by Khanki headworks, which is about 14 percent of entire canal irrigated area of the Punjab. Consequently, a condition of famine may occur in the country. Prevention of the above mentioned loss shall in fact be a gain in the water/agriculture, sector of the national economy. In view of operational constraints and structural deficiencies, PID launched safety evaluation study of Khanki headworks in 1998 under the program “Safety evaluation of major hydraulic structure”. Study concluded that feasibility study should be undertaken to determine whether the weir should be replaced or remodeled. Subsequent to the recommendation of evaluation study, a feasibility study was carried out in year 2003-2005 which recommended the replacement of existing headworks with new barrage at a distance of 900 ft. on the downstream side. Evaluation of existing headworks was also studied by the consultants through a desk study in year 2007, which revealed that remodeling of existing headworks is not feasible because of extensive dismantling and rebuilding operation and would cost more than building a new barrage.

1.4 PROJECT LOCATION

The headworks are located across the river Chenab just below the confluence of Palkhu Nallah with the river Chenab. It is 18 km from Wazirabad town and 16 km below the Alexandra Railway Bridge, 56 km below Marala barrage and 32 km above Qadirabad barrage. (See Fig 1.1 Location Map of Khanki Barrage)

It is proposed to build a new barrage about 900 ft. downstream as a replacement for the old headworks. The new barrage will be a key element of one of the most important irrigation systems of the province; the LCC system.

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Fig. 1.1: Location map of Khanki Barrage

1.5 PROJECT CATEGORIZATION

According to ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, projects are to be categorized into three environmental categories; A, B, or C. All the anticipated adverse environmental impacts of the project are mitigable, temporary, nature and localized. Also there is no environmentally sensitive or archeological site falling within project area of influence; therefore the project is classified as Category B. This report comprises the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of the proposed project to fulfill the requirements according to ADB’s guidelines.

1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT

The main objectives of the report are as follows: . The application of environmental administrative and legal frame work on the project . Develop Environmental Baseline Data for the project Area of Influence (AOI); derive land use and environmental maps.

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. Assessment of potential environmental Impacts and development of mitigation measures to cater for adverse impacts. . Preparation of framework of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and envisaged EMP implementation cost for this project. . Environmental approval from government agency; Environmental Approval for the same has already been obtained twice before (2005, 2009). However the current approval expires in May 2012, therefore a fresh approval is required before commencement of construction activity.

1.7 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

This report is divided into following chapters: Chapter No.1: Introduction Chapter No. 2: Policy, Law and Administrative Framework Chapter No. 3: The Project Description Chapter No. 4: Environmental Baseline Conditions Chapter No. 5: Study of Alternatives Chapter No. 6: Public Consultation Chapter No. 7: Impact Assessment, Mitigation and Enhancement Measures Chapter No. 8: Outline of Environmental Management Plan Chapter No. 9: Grievance Redress Mechanism Appendices

1.8 METHODOLOGY OF PERFORMING THE STUDY

The environmental and social data were collected and analyzed for the overall environmental study area. Data was collected during site visits and stake holder consultation works. The concerned departments and institutions are Wildlife, Forestry & Fishery Department, Water Management Office, Irrigation, SMO, SEMU and Land Revenue etc. The base line data was developed and analyzed to identify potential environmental impacts of the Project. A risk based methodology was adopted to identify the high risk activities and suggest their mitigation measures. Where possible, eliminating the risk by altering the scope or method of execution of work was preferred rather than minimizing the risk with control measures. Public consultations were also undertaken including a gender study to take into account the public point of view about the project.

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1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESETTLEMENT ISSUES

The project activities include construction of a New Khanki Barrage about 900 ft. downstream of the existing old headworks, a L.C.C from the new barrage and allied mechanical and civil structure within the project area. This will cause some disturbance due to construction activities on the main barrage site and the allied sites involving borrow material, camping grounds, material dump, machinery yard, link road and necessary facilities for the staff and labour to be engaged for the construction of the project. The materials and labour shall have to be carried from the Depot/camp to the work sites on either bank of the river. There is no such irreversible adverse environmental impact of the project but the construction-related impacts such as air pollution, noise and use of community resources can be well mitigated through the proper implementation of the mitigation measures, which have been identified in this report. During the construction phase of the L.C.C and studs, about 1054 trees (Eucalypts) will required to be felled, for which compensatory tree plantation of the appropriate species would be carried out by PID.

The construction of new barrage is within the river bed, so no private land or property acquisition will be involved anywhere during construction. However construction of new L.C.C involves acquisition of private land which will be carried out by the Land Acquisition Act 1894 and through proper implementation of the LARAP.

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2. LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK POLICY

This chapter provides an overview of the policy framework and national legislation that applies to the proposed Project. The Project is expected to comply with all national legislations and Asian Bank Guidelines relating to environmental and social issues, and all the required regulatory clearances will be obtained. The environmental study includes primarily Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 (PEPA 1997), Pakistan IEE and EIA review regulations (2000) and Asian Development Bank SPS. All other laws and guidelines relevant to the project have also been reviewed. Synopses of relevant laws and guidelines are provided in this chapter.

2.1 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN PAKISTAN

Under section 12 (with subsequent amendment) of the 1997 Act, a project falling under any category specified in Schedule I (SRO 339(1)/2000), requires the proponent to file an IEE with concerned federal agency (Pak-EPA). Projects falling under any category specified in schedule II require the proponent to file an EIA with the federal agency. Within ten working days of the lodging of IEE or EIA, the federal agency will confirm that the document submitted is complete for the purpose of review.

2.2 NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY

The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (NCS) was approved by federal cabinet in March 1992 and is the principal policy document on environmental issues in the country. The NCS outlines the country’s primary approaches towards encouraging sustainable development, conserving natural resources and managing resources. The NCS has 68 specific programs in 14 core areas in which policy intervention is considered crucial for the preservation of Pakistan’s natural and physical environment. The core areas that are relevant in the context of the proposed Project are pollution prevention and abatement, conserving biodiversity and preservation of cultural heritage.

2.3 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT POLICY

The National Environmental Policy provides an overarching framework for addressing the environmental issues facing Pakistan, particularly pollution of fresh

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water bodies and coastal waters, air pollution, lack of proper waste management, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, desertification, natural disasters and climate change. It also gives directions for addressing the cross sectoral issues elaborating the underlying causes of environmental degradation and international obligations. The policy provides broad guidelines to the Federal Government, Provincial Government, Federally Administrated Territories and Local Government for addressing environmental concerns and ensuring effective management of their environmental resources.

2.4 GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

The Pak-EPA has published set of environmental guideline for conducting environmental assessment and the environmental management of different types of development projects. The guidelines relevant to the proposed Project are listed below.

2.4.1 Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, 1997

The guidelines, targeted at project proponents, specify:

. The nature of the information to be included in environmental reports . The minimum qualification of the EIA conductors appointed . The need to incorporate suitable mitigation measures during project implementation . The need to specify monitoring procedures

The report must contain baseline data relating to the project area, an interpretation of the data and mitigation measures.

2.4.2 Guidelines of Public Consultation, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, May, 1997

These guidelines deal with possible approaches to public consultation and techniques for designing an effective program of consultation that reaches out to all major stakeholders and ensure that their concerns are incorporated in any impact assessment study.

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2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES

2.5.1 Provincial EPA

The Punjab Irrigation & Power Department (PIPD) will be responsible for providing the complete environmental documentation required by the provincial EPA and remain committed to the approved project design. No deviation is permitted during project implementation without the prior and explicit permission of the EPA.

2.5.2 Provincial Departments of Forestry and Wildlife

The rehabilitation works are expected to involve some clearing of vegetation that exists on government land where labour camp and batching plants are to be installed. Widening and strengthening of the embankments may also involve some uprooting of trees. All the trees along the canal belong to Forest department. Plantation at the irrigation rest houses and at the barrages belongs to irrigation department. Wildlife department nominates any sensitive wildlife area as game reserve or highly sensitive area as wildlife sanctuary. A competent person should manage the work activities in wildlife sensitive areas to minimize any adverse impacts on wildlife habitat. However no environmentally sensitive area has been identified within the direct influence of the project activities.

2.5.3 Local Government and Municipalities

The IPD and its contractors must ensure that the project meets the criteria of district governments as related to the establishment of construction camps and plants, and the safe disposal of wastewater, solid waste and toxic materials. The IPD will coordinate and monitor environment-related issues.

2.5.4 Social & Environmental Management Unit (SEMU)

Punjab Irrigation Department (PID), under Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority (PIDA), established the Social and Environmental Management Unit (SEMU) in December 2006 to enable it to address the environmental and social issues in a timely and effective manner during operation, maintenance, rehabilitation, construction of new canals and drains etc. SEMU has developed checklists for canal rehabilitation works covering construction or remodeling of J-Head Spur / Dike / Flood Bund / Training Works, new canals, new distributaries, new Barrages or lining

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of any channel. SEMU may also be involved as an independent environmental monitoring organization during construction phase of this Project.

2.5.5 Environment-Related Statutes

This section outlines statutes apart from the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997, which are relevant to the project.

. The Forest Act, 1927 (and Provincial Acts and Rules)

The Act, inter alia, deals with the matters related with protection and conservation of natural vegetation/habitats. It empowers the concerned agency to declare protected and reserved forest areas and their maintaining. In spite of the fact that it recognizes the right of people for access to the natural resources for their household use, it prohibits unlawful cutting of trees and other vegetation from forest reserve area. The permission is required prior to undertake any tree cutting from the Forest Department of Punjab province. The contractor will inform formally to the Punjab Forest Department and PIPD at-least 1 month before cutting any tree on site.

. Provincial Wildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and Management) Act, Ordinances and Rules In addition to empowering provincial wildlife department to establish game reserves, parks, and wildlife sanctuaries, these acts regulate the hunting and disturbance of wildlife. This law will help in eliminating any trespassing into protected areas.

. Antiquities Act, 1975 The Antiquities Act relates to the protection, preservation and conservation of archaeological/historical sites and monuments. There are no archeological site(s) or cultural heritage site inside or in the AOI of the project. Nevertheless if there is chance find during the construction phase this law would provide due guidance.

Provincial Local Government Ordinances, 2001 These ordinances, issued following the devolution process, establish regulations for land use, conservation of natural vegetation, air, water, and land pollution, the disposal of solid waste and wastewater effluents, as well as matters related to public health and safety. This law will help as and when participatory management of irrigation system becomes the order of the day.

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. Factories Act, 1934 The clauses relevant to the project are those that are related with the health, safety and welfare of workers, disposal of solid waste and effluent, and damage to private and public property. The Factories Act also provides regulations for handling and disposing of toxic and hazardous materials. There are no factories / industries inside the project area.

. Land Acquisition Act 1894 Land Acquisition Act (LAA), 1894 is the primary law governing land acquisition in Pakistan. For the acquisition of land, the above-mentioned Act, rules and regulations are followed whether the acquisition is for Government of Punjab or any other agency.

2.6 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GUIDELINES

The Asian Development Bank’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 and Environmental Policy 2002 require that environmental considerations be incorporated in to ADB’s funded project to ensure that the project will have minimal environmental impact and be environmentally sound. Occupational health & safety of the local population should also be addressed as well as the project workers as stated in SPS. A Grievance Redress Mechanism to receive application and facilitate resolution of affected peoples’ concerns, complaints, and grievances about the project’s environmental performance is also established and provided in chapter 9.

. Environment Categorization All loans and investments are subject to categorization to determine environmental assessment requirements. Categorization is to be undertaken using Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA), consisting of questions relating to (i) the sensitivity and vulnerability of environmental resources in project area, and (ii) the potential for the project to cause significant adverse environmental impacts. Projects are classified into one of:

Category A: Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts. An Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required to address significant impacts.

Category B: Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required to determine whether or not significant

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environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report.

Category C: Projects unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are still reviewed.

Category FI: Projects are classified as category FI if they involve a credit line through a financial intermediary or an equity investment in a financial intermediary. The financial intermediary must apply an environmental management system, unless all subprojects will result in insignificant impacts.

2.7 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS)

The NEQS specify the following standards: 1. Maximum allowable concentration of the Pollutants, (32 parameters) in emission and liquid industrial effluents discharged to inland water. 2. Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (16 parameters) in gaseous emission. 3. Maximum allowable exhaust emissions and noise emission from vehicles. 4. Maximum allowable noise level from vehicles 5. Maximum allowable limits for Drinking Water 6. Maximum allowable limit for Ambient Air Quality

Table - 2.1: Effluent Discharge Standards (NEQS 2000) Applicable to the Works

Sr. No. Determinant NEQS 1 Temperature 40 OC =≤3 deg. 2 pH 6 – 9 3 BOD5 80 mg/l 4 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 150 mg/l 5 Total Suspended Solid (TSS) 200 mg/l 6 Total Dissolved Solids 3500 mg/l 7 Grease and Oil 10 mg/l 8 Phenolic compounds (as phenol) 0.1 mg/l 9 Ammonia 40 mg/l 10 Chlorine 1.0 mg/l 11 Chloride 1000.0 mg/l 12 Sulphate 600 mg/l 13 Manganese 1.5 mg/l 14 Fluoride 10 mg/l 15 Cyanide (as CN’) total 1.0 mg/l 16 An-ionic detergents (as MB As) 20 mg/l

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Sr. No. Determinant NEQS 17 Sulphide (S-2) 1.0 mg/l 18 Pesticides 0.15 mg/l 19 Cadmium 0.1 mg/l 20 Chromium trivalent and hexavalent 1.0 mg/l 21 Copper 1.0 mg/l 22 Lead 0.5 mg/l 23 Mercury 0.01 mg/l 24 Selenium 0.5 mg/l 25 Nickel 1.0 mg/l 26 Silver 1.0 mg/l 27 Total Toxic metals 2.0 mg/l 28 Zinc 5.0 mg/l 29 Arsenic 1.0 mg/l 30 Barium 1.5 mg/l 31 Iron 8.0 mg/l 32 Boron 6.0 mg/l

Table – 2.2: National Environmental Quality Standards for Gaseous Emission (mg/Nm3, Unless Otherwise Defined)

Sr. Parameter Source of Emission Existing Revised No. Standards Standards 1 2 3 4 5 1. Smoke Smoke Opacity not to exceed 40% or 2 40% or 2 Ringlemann Ringlemann Scale Scale or equivalent smoke number 2. Particulate (a) Boilers and Furnaces Matter (i) Oil fired 300 300 (I) (ii) Coal fired 500 500 (iii) Cement Kilns 200 200

(b) Grinding, crushing, clinker 500 500 coolers and Related processes, Metallurgical Processes, converter, blast furnaces and cupolas. 3. Hydrogen Any 400 400 Chloride 4. Chlorine Any 150 150 5. Hydrogen Any 150 150 Fluoride 6. Hydrogen Any 10 10 Sulphide 7. Sulphur Oxide Sulfuric acid/ Sulphonic acid (2) (3) plants

Other plants except power 400 1700 plants operating on oil and coal 8. Carbon Any 800 800 Monoxide 9. Lead Any 50 50

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10. Mercury Any 10 10 11. Cadmium Any 20 20 12. Arsenic Any 20 20 13. Copper Any 50 50 14. Antimony Any 20 20 15. Zinc Any 200 200 16. Oxides of Nitric acid manufacturing unit. Nitrogen

(3) Other plants except power plants operating on oil or coal:

Gas fired 400 400 Oil fired - 600 Coal fired - 1200

Explanations:-

1. Based on the assumption that the size of the particulate is 10 micron or more. 2. Based on 1 percent sulphur content in fuel. Higher content of Sulphur will case standards to be pro-rated. 3. In respect of emissions of sulphur dioxide Nitrogen oxides, the power plants operating on oil and coal as fuel shall in addition to National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) specified above, comply with the following standards.

Table - 2.3: NEQS, 2009 for Vehicular Emission

Sr. Parameter Standard Measuring Applicability No. (Maximum Method permissible Limit) 1 Smoke 40% or 2 on the To be compared Immediate effect Ringlemann Scale with Ringlemann during engine Chart at a distance acceleration mode. of 6 meters or more 2 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 6% Under idling condition: Non- dispersive infrared detection through gas analyzer. 3 Noise 85 dB(A) Sound Meter at 7.5 meters from the source

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Table - 2.4: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS, 2010) for Noise

Sr. Category of Area / Effective from 1st July, Effective from 1st July, No. Zone 2010 2013 Limit in dB (A) Leq* Daytime Night-time Daytime Night-time 1 Residential Area (A) 65 50 55 45 2 Commercial Area (B) 70 60 65 55

3 Industrial Area (C) 80 75 75 65 4 Silence Zone (D) 55 45 50 45

Note: 1. Daytime hours: 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. 2. Night-time hours: 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. 3. Silence Zone: Zones which are declared as such by the competent authority. An area comprising not less than 100 meters round hospitals, educational institutions and courts. 4. Mixed categories of areas may be decided as one of the four above mentioned categories by the competent authority.

*dB (A) Leq: Time weighted average of the level of sound in scale “A” which is relatable to human hearing.

Table – 2.5: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS, 2010) for Drinking Water

Sr. Properties/Parameters Standard Values WHO Standards Remarks No. for Pakistan BACTERIAL 1 All water is intended for Must not be Must not be Most Asian Countries drinking (E.Coli or detectable in any detectable in any also follow WHO Thermotolerant Coliform 100ml sample 100ml sample Standards bacteria) 2 Treated water entering the Must not be Must not be Most Asian Countries distribution system (E.Coli detectable in any detectable in any also follow WHO or Thermotolerant Coliform 100ml sample 100ml sample Standards and total Coliform bacteria)

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Sr. Properties/Parameters Standard Values WHO Standards Remarks No. for Pakistan 3 Treated water entering the Must not be Must not be Most Asian Countries distribution system (E.Coli detectable in any detectable in any also follow WHO or Thermotolerant Coliform 100ml sample. In 100ml sample. In Standards and total Coliform bacteria) case of large case of large supplies, where supplies, where sufficient samples sufficient samples are examined, must are examined, must not be present in not be present in 95% of the samples 95% of the samples taken throughout taken throughout any 12-month any 12-month period. period.

PHYSICAL 4 Colour ≤15 TCU ≤15 TCU 5 Taste Non Non Objectionable/ Objectionable/ Acceptable Acceptable 6 Odour Non Non Objectionable/ Objectionable/ Acceptable Acceptable 7 Turbidity <5 NTU <5 NTU

8 Total hardness as CaCO3 <500mg/l --- 9 TDS <1000 <1000 10 pH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 RADIOACTIVE 11 Alpha Emitters bq/L or pCi 0.1 0.1 12 Beta Emitters 01 01 CHEMICAL Essential Inorganics mg/litre mg/litre 13 Aluminum (Al) mg/l ≤0.2 0.02 14 Antimony (Sb) ≤0.005 0.02 15 Arsenic (As) ≤0.05 0.01 Standard for Pakistan similar to most Asian developing Countries 16 Barium (Ba) 0.7 0.7 17 Boron (B) 0.3 0.3 18 Cadmium (Cd) 0.01 0.003 Standard for Pakistan similar to most Asian developing Countries 19 Chloride (Cl) <250 250 20 Chromium (Cr) ≤0.05 0.05 21 Copper (Cu) 2 2 Toxic Inorganics mg/litre mg/litre 22 Cyanide (CN) ≤0.05 0.07 Standard for Pakistan similar to most Asian developing Countries 23 Fluoride (F) ≤1.5 1.5

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Sr. Properties/Parameters Standard Values WHO Standards Remarks No. for Pakistan 24 Lead (Pb) ≤0.05 0.01 Standard for Pakistan similar to most Asian developing Countries 25 Manganese (Mn) ≤0.5 0.5 26 Mercury (Hg) ≤0.001 0.001 27 Nickel (Ni) ≤0.02 0.02

28 Nitrate (NO3) ≤50 50

29 Nitrite (NO2) ≤3 3 30 Selenium (Se) 0.01 0.01 31 Residual Chlorine 0.2-0.5 at consumer --- end 0.5-1.5 at source 32 Zinc (Zn) 5.0 3 Standard for Pakistan similar to most Asian developing Countries Organics 33 Pesticides --- PSQCA No. 4629- Annex-II mg/L 2004, Page No.4, Table No. 3, Serial No. 20-58 may be consulted 34 Phenolic Compounds (as --- ≤0.002 Phenols) mg/L 35 Poly nuclear aromatic 0.01 (By GC/MS hydrocarbons (as PAH) g/L method)

***PSQCA: Pakistan Standards Quality Control Authority

Table – 2.6: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS, 2010) for Ambient Air

Pollutants Time-weighted Concentration in Ambient Air Method of average Measurement Effective from Effective from 1st July 2010 1st January 2013 Sulphur Annual 80µg/m3 80µg/m3 Ultraviolet Dioxide (SO2) Average* Fluorescence Method 24 hours** 120µg/m3 120µg/m3 Oxides of Annual 40µg/m3 40µg/m3 Gas Phase Nitrogen as Average* Chemiluminescence (NO) 24 hours** 40µg/m3 40µg/m3 Oxides of Annual 40µg/m3 40µg/m3 Gas Phase Nitrogen as Average* Chemiluminescence 3 (NO2) 24 hours** 80µg/m 80µg/m3

3 3 Ozone (O3) 1 hour 180µg/m 130µg/m Non disperse UV absorption method Suspended Annual 400µg/m3 360µg/m3 High Volume Particulate Average* Sampling, (Average

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Matter (SPM) 24 hours** 550µg/m3 500µg/m3 flow rate not less than 1.1m3/minute) Respire able Annual 200µg/m3 120µg/m3 ß-Ray Absorption Particulate Average* Method 3 3 Matter (PM10) 24 hours** 250µg/m 150µg/m

Respire able Annual 25µg/m3 15µg/m3 ß-Ray Absorption Particulate Average* Method 3 3 Matter (PM25) 24 hours** 40µg/m 35µg/m 1 hour 25µg/m3 15µg/m3 Lead (Pb) Annual 1.5µg/m3 1µg/m3 AAS Method after Average* sampling using EPM 24 hours** 2µg/m3 1.5µg/m3 2000 or equivalent Filter paper Carbon 8 hours** 5µg/m3 5µg/m3 Non Dispersive Monoxide Infrared (NDIR) 1 hour 10µg/m3 10µg/m3 (CO) method *Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals. **24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% in a year. 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.

2.8 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS

Pakistan is signatory to a number of International Conventions, Protocols and Understandings relating to the environment. Those relevant to the project are described in the following paragraphs.

 Convention on Biological Diversity The Convention of Biological Diversity was the outcome of the “Earth Summit” held in Riode-Janeiro in 1992. The Convention binds the signatories to respect, protect and conserve the earth environment and bio-diversity through sustainable use of natural resources. In all development projects in Pakistan the protocols of this convention are respected in letter and spirit.  Ramsar Convention The Convention on Wetland of International Importance, especially on Waterfowl Habitats held in Iran in 1972 at village Ramsar in Iran, places an obligation on the signatories to protect habitats of migratory waterfowl. There is no notified Ramsar site within the canal command area and AOI of the project.

 Bonn Convention The Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals was held in Bonn in 1979. The Convention broadens the scope of Ramsar to include migratory

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species other than water fowl. Not being a Ramsar site, this protocol is not obligatory for new Khanki Barrage. But it will be respected during construction phase to the extent that no damage is caused to habitat of any species.

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3. THE PROJECT

3.1 GENERAL

Head Khanki or the Khanki Headwork is the oldest head work of Pakistan (32o24’09.65”N, 73o58’14.30”E). It is present at river Chenab in Gujranwala District. It is shutter type structure used to control water flow and flood flow in river Chenab. Another use is to provide water to Lower Chenab Canal. It was built in 1889-1892. Lower Chenab Canal (L.C.C) originates from Head Khanki. It provides water to three million acres (12,000 km²) of agricultural lands by one main distributary (Lower Chenab) and 59 minor distributaries. The existing Khanki Barrage is an inappropriate structure, which requires major rehabilitation or re-construction. The operations are mainly manual in nature and are cumbersome. In general the area has access to electricity and communication networks. Health facilities are scarce and inadequate. Literacy rate is low and about 80% population is based on agriculture.

3.2 THE NEW KHANKI BARRAGE PROJECT (NKBP)

The New Khanki Barrage (Latitude 32o24’09.11” North and Longitude 73o58’01.25” East) will be located on Chenab River approximately 900 ft. downstream of the existing Khanki Head works in Wazirabad Tehsil of Gujranwala District in Punjab Province. It is 72 miles from Lahore, 15 miles from Wazirabad Town, 40 miles below Marala Barrage and 15 miles upstream of Qadirabad Barrage. NKBP discharge capacity will be 1,100,000 cusecs, the flow and capacity of the L.C.C will remain same.

The project area of influence (AOI) is the area likely to be effected by the project, including all its ancillary aspects such as power transmission corridors, pipelines, canals and access roads, borrow & waste disposal sites, batching plant and labor camp as well as unplanned development induced by the project.

3.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT Main objectives of the New Khanki Barrage Project are as follows:

 To replace the old barrage with a new structure about 900 ft. downstream of the old barrage and to avoid possible catastrophe, should the old barrage collapse or get washed away due to old age.

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 By replacing the barrage, save the canal network of 2925 channels (4680 kms) irrigating above 3 million acres in 6 districts of central Punjab.  By saving agriculture and Fisheries in Central Punjab, save the socio-economic structure of agricultural communities consisting of above 5 million people.  Mitigate any adverse impacts (physical, biological or social).

3.4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

The New Khanki Barrage (Latitude 32o24’09.11” North and Longitude 73o58’01.25” East) will be located on Chenab River approximately 900 ft. downstream of the existing Khanki Head works in Wazirabad Tehsil of Gujranwala District in Punjab Province. It is 72 miles from Lahore, 15 miles from Wazirabad Town, 40 miles below Marala Barrage and15 miles upstream of Qadirabad Barrage. The Project activity will consist of the following: 1. Construction of the new barrage at 900 ft. downstream of the old head work 2. Dismantling of old Khanki Head work 3. Construction of new bridge over the new barrage 4. Construction of public park 5. Demolition of old workers colony/ Govt. Servants and their relocation to the new Irrigation colony 6. Rehabilitation of schools (Boys & Girls) 7. Construction of new Basic Health Unit (BHU) 8. Construction of the Consultant’s Residence 9. Rehabilitation of the old Workshop 10. Acquisition of Private land 11. Construction of Coffer Dams 12. Construction of LCC Head Regulator and small road bridge 13. Alteration in route of High level Channel along the new LCC 14. Felling of 1054 trees 15. Establishment and operations of Contractor’s Camp/facilities 16. Development and improvement of the access road (about 35 km) 17. Borrow Area 18. Construction of studs.

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3.4.1 Environmental Assessment

The project area of influence (AOI) is the area likely to be effected by the project, including all its ancillary aspects such as power transmission corridors, pipelines, canals and access roads, borrow & waste disposal sites, batching plant and labor camp as well as unplanned development induced by the project. There are no forest, sanctuary, and wildlife reserve in the close vicinity of the project which would likely to be affected. The project area map has been marked into different areas (A-J). (See figure - 3.1).

3.4.2 Old Barrage (Area A)

Area A comprises of the old barrage which would be subsequently dismantled after the completion of new barrage. There may be some disturbance due to dismantling activity, which can be mitigated

3.4.3 New Barrage site (Area B)

New barrage will be constructed 900 ft. downstream of the old head work. The new barrage will provide improved mechanisms of operations and also would have cross over bridge allowing traffic to commute conveniently to the left bank of the barrage. Currently there is no way traffic can go to the right bank other than going through a very long way (from near G.T Road)

3.4.4 Public Park (Area C)

13 acres of government land would be converted into Public Park. Currently, it is uncultivated land having few shrubs and trees on it. This would improve the aesthetics of the project area and also would provide a recreational place to the visitors and local people

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Fig.3.1- (a): Proposed Project Area Map of the New Khanki Barrage

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Fig.3.1 - (b): Proposed Project Area Map of the New Khanki Barrage

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3.4.5 Consultants Residence and New Staff Colony (Area D) Consultant’s residence and new staff colony will be constructed on the government land. This is nearer to the Khanki village and therefore would require serious mitigations and monitoring while construction phase. The area currently consists of old building structures (government owned) and opens land.

3.4.6 Offices (Area E) Currently there are old offices, which will be rehabilitated. It is government owned land

3.4.7 Old Workers/Govt. Servants Colony (Area F) Old workers colony will be demolished once workers are shifted into the new colony being constructed in Area D (above). The current colony is old and have dilapidated structure.

3.4.8 New L.C.C (Area G) The new L.C.C will be constructed at 900 ft. downstream of the old head work. It will mainly pass through government land (except some portion through private land) and would meet the old L.C.C (existing) at 3500 ft. A small road bridge will also be constructed at the point where L.C.C passes through the road

3.4.9 Private Land (Area H) 6 Acres private land would be acquired for the new L.C.C. It includes household, house and cultivated land. The compensation is included in the resettlement framework. The owner has willingly consented for the same.

3.4.10 Government land; Tree Plantation (Area I) Eucalyptus trees are planted on the government land. The proposed L.C.C will pass through this area and felling of approximately 1054 trees is envisaged. The felling of trees would be duly compensated through plantation of 10000 trees along LCC, Public Park and at barrage.

3.4.11 Lake (Area J) Due to breach at the right bank, a lake was formed. The lake has become permanent feature of the area. There is going to be no significant project activity near the lake on the right bank therefore no adverse impact is envisaged to the lake.

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3.4.12 Old Workshop (Area K) An old workshop on the government land would be rehabilitated

3.4.13 Contractors Facilities (Area L) Around 12 acres of government land would be used for the establishment of contractor’s facilities. The contractor facilities would include batching plant, messing, material storage area and labor camp. This area is nearer to the new small settlements; Kot Imam Baksh and Kot Nathu. The batching plant would be located on the farthest possible distance to these settlements. Contractor’s camp would be walled and fenced (where adjacent to these settlements). Social Framework Agreement should address this issue

3.4.14 Palkhu Nallah Besides river Chenab and L.C.C, Palkhu Nallah is the only source of surface water. This source contains waste water from different sources and should be monitored

3.4.15 Borrow Area The selected borrow site is old LCC spoil banks 4-5 miles from headworks. There is sufficient quantity available.

3.4.16 High Level Channel High Level Channel will be constructed alongside the new L.C.C. This channel runs for only 3 months’ time. The construction of the same will take place during its closure time; 9 months’ time is ample for the construction of the same.

3.4.17 Development and Improvement of Access Road The access road to Khanki Head Works will be developed and rehabilitated. This would benefit the nearby communities and would also improve accessibility to head work. Mitigation measures would be taken to keep the adverse impacts of construction insignificant.

3.4.18 Rehabilitation of Schools Schools at Khanki village would be rehabilitated. Improved schooling facilities would enhance educational opportunities.

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3.4.19 Construction of Basic Health Unit (B.H.U) A BHU will be constructed on the government land either on Area D or Area E. This would provide convenient access to health facilities to the locals. There are few and distant health facilities available in the area.

3.5 WORKS AND MATERIALS

3.5.1 Estimated Quantities of Works

Basis of determining the capital cost be provided. It includes market survey, schedule rates, estimation on the basis of previous work done etc.

Cost estimate for civil, electrical & mechanical works are prepared separately. In civil works, unit rates for main items of work on barrage are derived through analyses using input rates for materials, labour, equipment as notified by Punjab Finance Department for 2nd quarter, 2011 and other parameters taking same as observed on similar mega projects in the Punjab. While preparing analyses of rates, 15% overhead charges are incorporated as already adopted by Punjab Communication and Works (C&W) department in case of Lahore ring road project. Provisional sums for certain items have been provided in the cost estimates in view of the provisions made on similar other mega projects. For ordinary works, MRS rates notified by the Finance department for the 2nd quarter, 2011 are used in estimation. For mechanical and electrical works prevailing market rates have been used in preparation of the estimate.

Estimated base cost inclusive of project management support cost is segregated into foreign and local costs year wise in consideration of nature of material and items of works. Escalation is worked out using price escalation rates (6.5%for local component and 3 % on foreign component) over segregated costs. Physical contingencies are worked out as 5% of base cost of works and project management support cost inclusive of escalation. Prescribed factors of taxes and duties (12.5%over foreign cost) and interest during construction (9.23 % on local and 2.5% on foreign) are applied over respective costs to arrive at total project cost. The estimated quantities of work and availability of raw materials are discussed as follows in Table - 3.1 and 3.2 respectively.

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Table - 3.1: Provide year-wise estimation of physical activities

Items Unit Year -I Year-II Year- III Year- IV Description Quantity 1. Earth work 133958 1000 Cft 47000 47000 39958 2. Concrete 191343 100 Cft 83781 90000 17562 3. Fabrication of Steel 225696 100 Kg 98025 105300 22371 4. Stone work 97095 100 Cft 32365 37000 27730 5. Roads 35 Km 33 2 6. Sheet Pilling 6294461 Kg 3147230.5 3147230.5 7. Gates & hoists 73 No. 40 33 8. Dismantling of existing head works i)- Concrete 11379 100 Cft 11379 ii)-Stone masonry 14923 100 Cft 14923 iii)-Mechanical parts. 13245 100 Kg 13245

Table - 3.2: Availability of Raw Materials

Sr. Raw Material Availability Source No. 1 Borrow Material/Earth Available locally within 5 miles radius 2 General and stone/shingle Available at Taraki at 100’ Km 3 Sand Available locally 4 Clean water for specific uses Available locally 5 Other water for compaction etc. Available locally 6 Rip rap and other purpose stone Available 100 Km away in Sargodha District 7 Reinforcement Bars Available in Regional Market 8 G.I. Pipes Available in Regional Market 9 Cement Available in Regional Market 10 Steel Beam Available in Regional Market 11 Steel sheet Piles Available in Regional Market 12 Jute Bags Available in Regional Market

Borrow material is amply available from nearly areas of the project. (Spoil banks of the old L.C.C Left side PID land upstream of the barrage right side). The stones shall be brought from the stone quarries in Districts Sargodha and the quarries there shall be shaped and rehabilitated by the owners. Cost of stone shall be included in the BOQ.

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4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE

4.1 GENERAL

The Purpose of this chapter is to establish the baseline conditions for the physical, biological and the social aspects of environment of the project area. The data were collected regarding the physical environment, biological environment and social aspects of the study area during stake holder consultation and technical visits conducted by the environment team.

4.2 AREA OF INFLUENCE

This Chapter describes the environmental, social and biological baseline conditions of the project area. The baseline conditions have been established on the basis of the data collected from the field, and through unstructured interaction with the local communities as well as the officials from various departments. In addition, the published data (secondary data) was also used to provide background information about the project area.

The extended area of influence of the project is part of Rachna Doab 3 million Acres of best agricultural land located in six districts of central Punjab with a population of above five million people. The new barrage located 900 ft. downstream below the old headworks, will replace the old one and a new Khanki Head Regulator will feed the L.C.C through a new link. Marala Barrage is 63 km above and Qadirabad Barrage is 24 km below to New Khanki Barrage. The extended area of influence of the barrage may in fact not experience any marked difference except that stoppage of leakages which will help the L.C.C. system to give a better water supply at the tails, and the crop production there will increase. (See the Rachna system as shown by a contemporary project PIDA on Fig. 4.1).

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Fig 4.1: Water distribution systems to communities in Rachna Doab, through a contemporary Project.

The project’ area of influence (AoI) is referred to all those areas which may be affected directly or indirectly by the project activities. This includes the following:-  The Barrage and its surroundings, including the river corridor where the construction of new Khanki Barrage will be carried out;  The labor and construction camps, site offices, equipment and vehicle yards and additional depots;  Haul tracks to transport construction material;  Batching plants;  Borrow areas, from where the fill material will be obtained;  Waste disposal sites; and  Uunplanned development induced by the project

4.3 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

4.3.1 Alluvial Deposits Khanki new barrage site is located in District Gujranwala, which is entirely situated on the alluvium, Kanker is found all over the district. Sediment deposits are visible in the low velocity area of the river where initial plant colonizers can be seen at the early seral stages of succession of vegetation. Along the banks of the river, gradual accumulation of sediments has resulted in “Bela” formation, which supports tree growth and hence

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named as “Zakeeras”. On the left bank, the alluvial action of the Chenab is joined by that of Nullah Palkhu. After running almost parallel to the River Chenab for about 30 kms the Palkhu joins the River a little upstream of the old Khanki headworks. The Palkhu flood has also been depositing alluvium alongwith that of the Chenab with the result that the alluvial deposits present on the left bank of the river below Alexandra Bridge down to old Khanki headworks is a joint action of River Chenab and Nullah Palkhu.

4.3.2 Physiography Entire Gujranwala district is a flat plain. The district can be divided into two parts i.e., the low lying area located close to Chenab River and Dek Nullah and uplands between the two. The plain of Rachna Doab, inclusive of the immediate and extended area of influence of the project, is a region of generally uniform slope, with a tilt south west wards. Not broken by any marked elevation or depression, it is a level or nearly level piece of land.

4.3.3 Soil Type The types of soil commonly found in entire district Gujranwala are Gora, Rohi, Doshai, Maira, Tibba, Kallar and Riverine. The immediate project area soil is riverine alluvial silt tending to fall in Rohi group.

4.3.4 Land Use On an average, within the direct influence of the river and in the immediate vicinity of the project area, 90% of the land is under agriculture. About 6% is under Fish culture or wetlands and the remaining 4% is Pakkar / Banjar as shown Fig. 4.2.

6% 4% Agricultural

Fish culture

Banjar 90%

Fig. 4.2 Land use pattern in Project Area About 80% of total population depends upon agriculture. Most of the land under agriculture is cultivation. Rice is the main Kharif Crop (90%). The other being Maize,

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Bajra, Sugarcane and Oil seeds. Wheat is the main Rabi crop, the other being barley, pulses, gram, linseed and green fodders. The cropping intensity is over 100% and multicropping is quite common. Also see Satellite Imagery of land use in Figure 4.3 (Map).

4.3.5 The River and Hydrologic Regime at Old Khanki Headworks

 Peak Discharge Taking the peak annual discharge of the river Chenab at Khanki Headworks, as an indicator of the hydrological behavior of the river, following is the discharge data of past 86 years.

Table - 4.1

Year Discharge Year Discharge Year Discharge Year Discharge Cusecs Cusecs 1922 160000 1945 152600 1968 235400 1991 314600 1923 257000 1946 229600 1969 362000 1992 910500 1924 203000 1947 251200 1970 275100 1993 439400 1925 266800 1948 438500 1971 311500 1994 425200 1926 225000 1949 225000 1972 281700 1995 630500 1927 261000 1950 1011700 1973 856300 1996 851300 1928 750000 1951 217900 1974 197900 1997 847700 1929 747300 1952 315300 1975 666200 1998 220300 1930 249000 1953 315000 1976 615000 1999 177800 1931 352400 1954 806700 1977 472100 2000 309300 1932 256000 1955 340700 1978 433100 2001 162800 1933 278100 1956 261500 1979 246900 2002 244400 1934 208000 1957 1086400 1980 194800 2003 371800 1935 273800 1958 401700 1981 563900 2004 104433 1936 189100 1959 1021000 1982 261900 2005 368078 1937 123400 1960 709500 1983 303900 2006 418740 1938 264500 1961 354000 1984 167400 2007 300197 1939 184800 1962 345300 1985 309100 2008 215412 1940 145600 1963 186700 1986 341000 2009 105358 1941 287400 1964 406200 1987 109400 2010 334437 1942 288400 1965 200700 1988 864200 1943 220600 1966 631600 1989 512200 1944 173200 1967 240700 1990 345700

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4.3.6 Effect of Dismantling of Old Khanki Barrage on Peak Discharge of Chenab River After the commissioning of the New Khanki Barrage, 900 ft. downstream of headworks the existing, old structure shall have to be dismantled to remove the obstruction and cause a smooth flow of water into the part of the pond below. The discharge of water shall be measured at new site.

4.3.7 Water Resource for the Vicinity Area

 Surface Water Main source of surface water in the immediate project area is river Chenab itself. However, the surface water consists of several Nullahs (torrents) and the L.C.C. system. The most important Nullahs are Palkhu, Bhimber, Aik, Dek and Bhair, which mark general drainage lines in the watershed. The surface water supply plays an important role in irrigation and drainage of the extended project area. Major source of Irrigation water is River Chenab through L.C.C. which presently off takes from Old Khanki Headworks in Wazirabad Tehsil and enters Hafizabad district at Muradian. Two Surface water samples were collected on 08.07.2011& analyzed on 13.07.2011. The surface water quality results are shown in Table – 4.2.

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Table - 4.2: Summary Parameters of Surface Water Quality Analysis

S. No. Parameters Units NEQS WHO Surface Water (Chenab Surface Water ( Palkhu Guidelines River At Head Khanki) Nallah falls into Old Khanki Barrage)

1 Temperature oC 40 - 30.0 25.0 2 pH Value .... 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 7.4 7.4 3 TDS mg/l 3500 1000 110.0 740 4 TSS mg/l 200 - 567.0 860 5 COD mg/l 150 N.D 40.0 498

6 BOD5 mg/l 80 N.D 18.0 254 7 Chloride mg/l 1000 250 8.4 314 8 Grease & Oil mg/l 10 - 0.0 7 9 Phenolic Compound mg/l 0.1 - BDL 0.086 10 Sulphate mg/l 600 250 18.0 150 11 Cyanide mg/l 1.0 0.07 0.005 0.007 12 An-ionic Detergents mg/I 20.0 - BDL 0.064 13 Sulphide mg/l 1.0 0.05 0.091 0.124 14 Fluoride mg// 10 1-5 0.08 0.68 15 Ammonia mg/l 40 1-5 0.55 3.2 16 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 0.003 BDL BDL 17 Chromium Total mg/l 1.0 0.05 0.01 BDL 18 Copper mg/l 1.0 1-2 0.04 0.08 19 Lead mg/l 0.5 0.01 BDL BDL 20 Nickel mg/l 1.0 0.02 0.02 0.09 21 Silver mg/l 1.0 NS BDL 0.024 22 Selenium mg/I 0.5 0.01 BDL BDL 23 Mercury mg/I 0.001 0.001 BDL BDL 24 Total Toxic Metal mg/I 2.0 - 0.07 0.194 25 Zinc mg/l 5.0 3.0 0.07 0.26 26 Arsenic mg/l 1.0 0.01 0.01 BDL 27 Barium mg/l 1.5 0.7 BDL 1.0 28 Iron Total mg/l 8.0 0.3 0.25 0.67 29 Manganese mg/I 1.5 0.1-0.5 0.154 0.256 30 Boron mg/l 6.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 31 Chlorine Total mg/I 1.0 0.6-1.0 0.0 0.10

Almost all the parameters analyzed are well within NEQS Limit of Pak-EPA except the TSS (567.0 mg/l) of Sample -1 (Surface Water Chenab River at Head Khanki) and TSS

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(860 mg/l), COD (498 mg/l) and BOD5 (254 mg/l) of Sample – 2 (Surface Water where Palkhu Nallah falls into old Khanki Barrage).

 Ground Water The ground water aquifer is recharged by surface water. The sub-soil ground water table is about 32-65 feet and the water is sweet and of drinkable quality. There are above 30,000 tube wells in the extended project area which meet about 20% of the requirement of water for drinking and irrigation. By and large the tube wells are owned privately by people of the area. The reservoir of ground water becomes significant during Rabi season when the canal water is not available and rainfall is scanty. Around 23000 (77%) tube wells are being run on diesel while the remaining about 7000 (23%) are running with the help of electricity lesser dependence upon electricity is due to its undependable supply in the rural areas. Three Ground water samples were collected on 08.07.2011& analyzed on 13.07.2011.The ground water quality analysis results are shown in Table – 4.3. Almost all the parameters are within the WHO standards except the Sulphate (Kot Imam Buksh Village Hand Pump sample), Sodium (Kot Imam Buksh Village Hand pump) and TDS (Kot Imam Buksh Village Hand Pump sample).

Table – 4.3: Summary parameters of ground water quality

Sr. Parameters Units WHO Hand pump Hand pump Tube well No. Guide lines Near Kot Imam Kot Imam Workshop Buksh Buksh Khanki Head Village Village 1 Temperature oC .... 28.0 23.0 23.0 2 pH Value .... 6.5-8.5 7.2 7.4 7.2 3 Arsenic mg/l 0.01 0.005 0.005 0.010 4 Chloride mg/l 250 0.8 17.9 10.1 5 Fluoride mg// 1.5 0.10 0.96 0.48 6 Sulphate mg/l 250 8.0 465.0 200.0 7 Sulphide mg/l - -- 0 0 0 8 Sodium mg/l 200 5.8 215.5 131.5 9 Potassium mg/l -- 3.6 7.7 4.8 10 TSS mg/l -- 0.0 1.0 2.0 11 TDS mg/l 1000 182.0 1060.0 684 12 Chromium Total mg/l 0.05 0 0 0 13 Lead Mg/l 0.05 0 0 0 14 Iron mg/l 0.3 2.13 0.05 0.02 15 Nitrate mg/l 50 1.2 1.2 1.0 16 Total Colony count Cfu/ml < 500 318 386 295

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 Surface Salinity SCARPS Monitoring Organization (SMO) undertakes the study to identify the saline area in New Khanki Barrage command area. Portable digital conductivity meter was used to measure the EC of 0-15cm soil. Four categories namely, non-saline (S1 (EC up to 4dS/m)), slightly saline (S2 (EC between 4 to 8dS/m)), moderately saline (S3 (EC between 8-15dS/m)) and strongly saline (S4 (EC above 15dS/m)) were recognized and mapped. The percentage of saline area found within the Barrage command area is summarized in Table 4.4.

Table 4.4: Percentage Surface Salinity Statistics

Class Percentage Non Saline (S1) 88 Slightly Saline(S2) 1 Moderately Saline (S3) 1 Strongly Saline (S4) Negligible Miscellaneous Land Type 9

 Erosion of Protection Embankments The possibility of the bund (embankment) erosion will be rather limited. Local water pressures or whirlpools caused due to burrows of rodents, loosening of soil by root action of trees, dissolution of some localized deposits, faults developed in the embankment due to heavy rain showers or direct washing away of the embankment due to sheet erosion during heavy rains, can collectively or severally weaken the bunds through erosion. These possibilities shall have to be warded off through an effective maintenance and frequent monitoring of the safety of the protection bunds.

4.3.8 Climate

The project is located in Gujranwala and Gujrat Districts, which have a hot climate during summer and moderately cold in winter. The summer season starts in April and continues till September. The winter season begins in November and lasts till March.

 Temperature June is the hottest month of the year while January is the coldest. During June the mean maximum and minimum temperature ranges between 40°C and 27°C respectively. During January the mean maximum temperature is 19°C and means minimum is 5°C.

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 Relative Humidity The relative humidity during rainy season is as high as 60-70%. During dry months it falls below 50%. The evaporation effect from river surface, however, takes it a little higher, in the belt close to the river. The average daily relative humidity for July is around 69%.

 Precipitation Average annual rainfall is about 375 mm (14.8 inches) with most of it descending in the months of July, August and September. Winter rainfalls are rare and scanty.

 Wind Velocity The average daily wind speed in July has been around 4 km/h, that’s the equivalent to about 3 mph, or 2 knots. In recent years the maximum sustained wind speed has reached 61 km/h, that’s the equivalent of around 38 mph, or 33 knots. Prevalent wind velocity is 10-25 km/h. At times during summers it can got to 30-50 km/h creating dust storms and making the air hazy and dusty. The low pressure areas suck in cold winds often accompanied by rain showers. Wind direction keeps changing according to seasons. During summery mostly it is northerly while during winter it is usually south easterly.

4.3.9 Ambient Quality of Environment

 Ambient Air Quality Kick of dust suspension of fine particles from the ground will be the major source of atmospheric pollutant together with smoke particles arising from wood fires used for cooking and heating. Carbon monoxide and oxides of sulfur and nitrogen will be derived from powered vehicles and from burning domestic fuels, Asphalt Plants, etc. (See Table – 4.5 for Ambient Air Quality).

 Carbon Monoxide (CO)

 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

 Oxygen (O2)

 Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10)  Noise Level

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Table – 4.5: Summary of Ambient Air Quality & Noise Level

Sr. Locations CO SO2 NO2 CO2 O2 PM10 Noise No. Level ppm µg/m3 µg/m3 ppm % µg/m3 dB(A) 1 Head Khanki Near Right 0 BDL BDL 402.0 20.9 106.9 63.6 Protection Bund 2 Had Khanki near Railway 0 BDL BDL 418.0 20.9 112.4 68.4 track (Left Protection Bund) 3 Kot Imam Buksh Village 0 BDL BDL 436.0 20.9 103.5 61.2 near Khanki Head

All determinants were within the values defined in the Pak-EPA, NEQS air quality standards.

Table - 4.6: Traffic Count Crossing Over L.C.C. Headworks, on Old Khanki Headworks (passing both ways)

Dallas Cars Buses Day Date and and and Rickshaws/ Motor Harvesters Tractors/Trolleys and Total No. Day Pick- Small Qinchis Bikes Trucks Ups vehicles (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 01. Friday 0 12 20 10 20 15 35 102

02. Saturday 2 11 18 14 15 14 30 104 03. Sunday 2 12 22 13 20 22 45 136

04. Monday 1 10 19 15 14 10 33 102

05. Tuesday 2 13 20 12 20 12 35 114

06. Wednesday 1 11 20 13 22 13 30 110

07. Thursday 0 9 22 14 11 14 30 100 Total for the Week 8 78 141 101 122 100 238 788 Daily Average 1 11 20 14 17 14 34 112

Source: Primary data collected on the spot through Sub-Engineer Khanki, (June 2011).

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 Noise Level The noise level presently never exceeds 68.4 dB (A). Even after the construction of new bridge along the new barrage, the noise level will not exceed 85. However during construction due to construction machinery temporarily higher noise levels shall be experience. Just for comparison safe absolute values of various noise levels are given in Table - 4.7 and base data analysis results are shown in Table - 4.5.

 The New Bridge At present, there is a road only over the head works of canal. There is no bridge over the river. The new barrage shall have a bridge running parallel to the Barrage across the river. When the new barrage with a bridge across Chenab is built, it will generate new traffic because of cultural reunion between people from two sides of the river and will promote, trade and commerce and transport of agricultural produce to the markets. Over a two lane carriageway of 24 feet width having paved shoulders (to be used as foot paths, 3 feet wide on either side has been provided). The bridge will be designed for IRC Class AA loading. The length of the new barrage bridge shall be equal to that of barrage across the river i.e., 4384 ft. Since there has never been a bridge across Chenab at Khanki, so no estimates are available as to how much traffic shall be generated when a new bridge is commissioned. If the traffic passing over the bridge over the present L.C.C. Headworks is taken as a base and the trend of increase in traffic is taken to be ten times of the current level, the new bridge will be facilitating some 460 vehicles passing over it daily. For the new bridge, the specifications shall have to be rich enough to help the new barrage to stay much beyond the ordinary anticipated age of 50 years. All will depend upon the safety factor kept in design.

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Table - 4.7: Some Sources and Effects of Noise

Sr. Source Sound pressure Decibels Power at Effects No. (dynes/cm2 (db) ear 1 Shot gun blast 4000 300 10-1 Instant damage-complete loss (1m) of hearing 2 Stereo headphone 2000 150 10-1 Hearing damage in 30 seconds (full volume) 3 50- hp siren (at 1000 130 10-3 Pain thresh hold 100m) 4 Jet take off (200m) 200 120 10-4 Hearing damage in 7.5 minutes 5 Heavy metal rock 100 110 10-5 Hearing damage in 30 minutes band 6 Bus, truck, 6-10 20 100 10-5 Hearing damage in 2 hours wheels 7 Railway train 20 100 10-5 Hearing damage in 2 hours 8 Power mover, 20 85 10-5 Hearing damage in 2 hours motorcycle 9 Heavy city traffic 20 85 10-6 Hearing damage in 2 hours 10 Pick ups 18 80 10-7 Hearing damage in 8 hours 11 Small cars 10 60 10-9 Hearing damage in 8 hours 12 Lord classical 2 60 10-9 Hearing damage in 8 hours music 13 Vacum cleaner 01 60 10-9 Hearing damage in 8 hours 14 Normal 0.02 60 10-9 Concentration disrupted conversation 15 Bedroom 0.02 40 10-11 Speech disrupted 16 Library 0.01 30 10-13 Quiet 17 Soft whisper 0.002 20 10-14 Very Quiet 18 Leaves rustling in 0.001 10 10-15 Barely audible the wind 19 Mosquito wing at 0.0002 0 10-15 Hearing threshold youth 1000-

4m 4000 Hz

Source: Urbanization and Sustainable Cities 100: Environmental Science, International Science, 5th edition (1991) Cunningham Saigo.

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 Natural History Event

The area has no history of any serious damages due to earthquakes. There is no report on record of any earthquake creating any serious impact on the old Khanki headworks, its barrage or any part of the river or L.C.C. system.

Figure 4.3: Seismic Hazard Zones of Pakistan

National Seismic Monitoring Centre of Pakistan issued the seismic zone map for Pakistan, as shown in Figure 4.3. New Khanki Barrage command area falls in low hazard area and low risk associated with the infrastructure found in this area.

 Floods

Being fed by the melting snow falling on the peaks of Western Himalayas, River Chenab does experience fluctuations in its flow. An exhaustive study of historic flood data of Chenab River and flood frequency analysis by a number of methods was carried out and it was concluded that a 100 year design flood can be of the order of 1,100,000 cusecs, which happens to be about 40% in excess of the existing (old) barrage capacity of 800,000 cusecs. For peak discharge statement at Khanki (See table 4.1)

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 Archaeological Sites/Chance Finds

No sites of archeological, historical, cultural, or religious significance are known to exist in the areas where construction will take place or where different project facilities will be established / located. In case there is a chance find, it can be handled as per Law and Procedures

4.4 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Forests and Flora

There are no protected forests in or adjacent to the project area. An area of land owned by PID has been assigned for use by the Contractor as the works area to be used for worker accommodation, materials and plant storage and concrete batching plant. The area is designated as grassland but there are occasional trees at the boundary and within the area. A survey has been carried out to identify the types, number and condition of the trees within the area. The results of the survey of the whole area are describe below. The flora of the project area can be divided into two zones, that occupying the riverine levels and that occupying the higher surrounding areas. The predominant flora of the riverine tracts is listed below, whereas, flora for higher surrounding areas is also given as under.

4.4.1 Flora

The flora of the project area can be divided into two parts:- i. Riverian Flora ii. Inland Flora

 Flora of Riverian Tract

On fresh silt alluvium, mostly located in the pond area of the old headworks, depending upon the maturity of soil and its drainage status a variety of river vegetation can be seen. In clearly visible succession of vegetation, first colonizers are grasses, sedges, Typha, Saccharum, Erianthus munja, Sacharum spontanem, Tamarix and Shisham. From small vegetation to trees the stages appear as the alluvium level rises and becomes capable of anchoring an erect tree. In its present status the flora of the Chenab riverian tract can be listed as follows:-

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Other Plants  Lai/Pilchi (Tarmarix dioca)  Khabbal (Cynodon dactylon)  Kanwal, Kamian (Nelumbium speciosum)  Munj (Saccharum munja)  Kunder (Typha elephantina)  Kai (Saccharum spontaneum)  Flora of Inland Tract

The Inland areas are either the alluvial deposits along the river banks or the right and left banks themselves. The main inland species of the flora of the immediate and extended projects area are listed below:-

Trees  Kikar, Babool (Acacia nilotica)  Shisham, Tahli (Dalbergia sissoo)  Pipal (Ficus religiosa)  Bohar (Ficus bengalensis)  Mulberry (Morus alba)  Lasoora (Cordia obliqua)  Siris (Albizzia lebbela)  Amaltas (Cassia fistula)  Beri (Zizyphus jujuba)  Bakain, Dharek (Melia azedarach)  Sufaida (Eucalyptus camelduleusis)  Simal (Bombax ceiba)

Other Plants  Harmal (Peganum harmala)  Pohli (Argemone maxicana)  Khardar (Alhaji camelorum)  Khabbal (Cynodon dactylon)  Datura (Datura alba)  Phog (Calligonum polygnoides)  Malla (Zizyphus numularia)  Laily (convolvulus arvensis)  Shahtara ( Fumaria parviflora)  Saunchal (Malva parviflora)  Dhodhak (Euphorbia sp.)

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 It sit (Boerhauid diffusa)  AK (Calotropis procera)  Aksin (Ipomea crassicaulis)  Dib Koonder (Typha elephantina)  Deela (Cyperus rotundus)  Bhang (Cannabis sativa)  Bathu (Chenopodium album)  Datura (Datura inrokia)  Jantar (Sesbania sesbans)

And agricultural crops like wheat, maize, sugarcane and tobacco in Rabi season and rice and pulses in Kharif season.

The existing flora including the year round agricultural crops in the extended area of the project is because of adequate irrigation. If irrigation were not there, the original Tropical Thorn Forest Flora would have continued to grow and which was as follows:-

 Jand (Prosopis spicigera)  Karir (Capparis aphylla)  Var (Salvadora oleoides)  Peeloo (Salvadora persica) and the associated shruks, herb and grosses

The irrigation has changed the ecological conditions so much that the dry land flora has been wiped out.

The riverian as well as the inland flora plays a significant role in the local economy by way of Timber and Fuel wood production, protection from wind and water erosion, habitat of birds and animals environmental balance, cultural identification and rehabilitation of soils affected by water logging and salinity.

4.4.2 Fauna

The immediate and surrounding area of the project has been under human inference for a long time and, therefore, a large number of wildlife species are already extinct or have shifted to other sites where they could find protection. The species left behind are those which have either adjusted with the present state of habitat or have adapted such like habit that they keep migrating between alternate habitats to strike their best balance with physical, biological or human factors of environment.

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Following list shows an approximate state of fauna in immediate and extended project area:-

Table - 4.8: Mammals

Species Scientific Name Status Jungle cat Felis chaus Common Porcupine Hystrise indica Common Hedge Hog Hemiechinus spp Common Jackal Canis aureus Common Wild Boar Sus scrofa Common Hare Lepus nigricollis Common Squirrel Funbulus penanti Common Mole Rat Bandicota bengalensis Common House Rat Mus musculus Common Black Rat Ratus Ratus Common Chamgadar/Bat Pipistralius terwis Common Gheese, House Shrew Suncus marirus Common

Table - 4.9: Birds

(a) Resident Birds of Prey

Species Zoological Name Status Brahminy Kite Haliaster Indus Common Black Kite Milvus rigrans Common White breasted King Heleyon sinyrnensis Common Fisher

(b) Seed Eating Birds

Species Zoological Name Status Dove (ring necked) Streptopelia dacaocto Common Dove Streptopelia tranquebarica Common Dove Streptopelia senegalensis Common Finches Estrilda amandava Common Larks Mirafa erythroptera Common Weaver birds Ploceus philippinus Common

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Species Zoological Name Status Indian Sand Martins Riparia paludicola Common Indian river tern Sterna auranlia Common Black Partridge Francolinus francolinus Common Common Babbler Turdoides candatus Common Woody – Wood Pecker Chakki ra Common (Chakki Ra) Stark/Bagla Bagla Common

(c) Common Terrestrial Birds

Species Zoological Name Status Grey partridge Pyeronotus xynthopygos Common Jungle Pigeon Teron walia Common Sun Bird Necterine spp Common House sparrow Passer spp Common Russian sparrow Hirundo rustica Common Crow Corcias abyssinicus Common Owl Bubo Africans Common Parakeets/Tota Psittaciformes Common Shrikes Passeriformes Common Tree-pies Passeriformes Common Fly Catchers Passeriformes Common Rollers Passeriformes Common Neel Kanth Gracius garrulous Common Common Babler Turdiodes cardatus Common House Sparrow Passer Sp. Common Mynas Passeriformes Common Bee-eaters Passeriformes Common Minivits Passeriformes Common Munias Passeriformes Common Koel Koel Common Parrot Psittacula krameri Common Quail (Batera) Pycnonotus cafer Common Black Rock Pigeon Columbia livia Common

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 Migratory Birds The project site is not situated along regular flyway of the water fowls. However, some migratory birds are seen in the pond area during various times of the year and the pond behind the old headworks has been a habitat for a large number of local as well as migratory birds. Some of the reported birds are as follows:-

(d) Migratory Birds

Species Zoological Name Status Cattle egret Bubalbus ibis Common Common Coot Fulica atra Common Common Pochard Athya ferinal Common Common Sand Piper Actitis hypalencus Common Common Teal Anaz crecia Common Grey heron Ardea cinerea Common Pond heron Ardeola grayti Common River tern Sterna aurantia Common Lesser Whistiling teal Denrocygna bicolor Common Little egret Egretta garzetta Common Little grebe Tackybaptus ruficollis Common Purple heron Ardea purpurea Common Red Shank Tringa tetanus Common Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris Common

Table - 4.10: Reptiles

Species Scientific Name Status Chequered Keel back Natrix piscator Common Snake Dark-bellied marsh Snake Xenochrophis cerasogaster Common Indian Monitor Lizard Veranus bengalensis Common Common Field Lizard Uromastrix hardwickir Common Common House Lizard Geko geko - And a variety of Turtles as follows:-

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Table - 4.11(a): Turtles – Hard Shells

Brown River Turtle Kachuga smithin Common Saw Back Turtle Kachuga tecta Common Brahminy River Turtle Hardella thurgi Common

Table - 4.11(b): Turtles – True Soft Shells

Common Tortoise --- Common

Table - 4.12: Amphibians

Frogs Rara Tigrina Common Toods Common

 Fish A series of barrages i.e., Marala, Khanki and Qadirabad have over the years, seriously hampered the survival and propagation of a large number of river fish species, the number of which had been recorded as high as forty seven in 1960. All subsurface swimmer fishes, being unable to use fish ladder, suffer the most. Their upstream migration becomes impossible and their habitat gets broken. Chances for natural selection and survival of the fittest are denied to the species and over the time, it gets extinct. That is how most of the fishes now flourish only below Qadirabad barrage and some above Marala barrage. Khanki Barrage as a fish habitat is blocked on upstream as well as downstream side. That is why the fisheries as an economic activity has exhibited a consistent decline in the project area. The Fishermen communities are traditionally called “Machies” (singular Machi), have become merely “boatmen” or have taken alternate professions and have shifted elsewhere. However, the biological presence of the following fish species has been reported by the Fisheries Department Punjab. Two fish ladders were provided in the Old khanki Barrage. Two fish ladders have also been provided in the new barrage design which will facilitate the fish migration especially of the species which are surface swimmers and have managed to survive over the time. With the provision of fish ladders, the Fisheries Department will adapt ways and means to increase the fish population in the pond area behind the new barrage. The Fisheries Department has reported a biological presence of the following fish in Chenab waters above and below the old barrage.

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Table 4.13 Fish reported in river Chenab upstream and downstream Khanki Barrage.

Local Name Zoological Name Status Dumbra Labeo rohita Present Morakha/Mori Cirrhinus mrigala Present Rohu/Tapra Labeo rohita Present Seenghala Mystus (Osteobagrus) seenghala Present Singhari Mystus (Osteobagrus) aor Present Takla Xenentodon cancila Present Tangra Mystus (Mystus) vittatus Present Thaila Catla catla Present Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Present Tirkanda Rita rita Present (Source: Fisheries Department, Punjab).

However, the Wildlife Department as well as the Fisheries Department is of the view that as long as there is no drastic change in the general river habitat there can hardly be any change in the status of the wildlife, or fishes. Due to getting blocked on either side, the river habitat has already detracted to an almost minimum level. And the biological inter balance in the ecosystem of the old headworks with a new one may not cause any further deterioration in biota.

4.4.3 Endangered Species

There are no endangered, extinct or rare species reported/ pertains to AOI.

4.4.4 Livestock

The Project area lies in Rachna Doab, which is famous for buffaloes known as one of highest milk producing animals. The people of the Doab have been cattle breeders traditionally and have been carrying their cast name as “Gujars”. In fact, the main city of the area took its name after Gujars “and is called” Gujranwala. The livestock includes cattle, buffalos, sheep, goats, camels, horses, asses and mules nearly 25% of the farmers income is from livestock. At least 10% of the population is landless cattle raisers and their living comes from cattle milk marketing. An average family possesses 5-6 cattle and 7-10 sheep and goats.

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4.4.5 Agriculture

About 80% of the population of extended project area depends upon agriculture. Most of the area is well cultivated. Rice is the main kharif crop. Gujranwala district is known for its high quality Basmati with very pleasant flavor, which is very popular in the world especially in the Middle East. The other Kharif crops are Maize, Bajra, Sugarcane and oilseeds. Similarly wheat, barley, pulses, grams, linseed and green fodders area main Rabi crops Rice is grown on about 30% of cultivated area during Kharif and wheat is cultivated on 80% of area during Rabi season. The cropping intensity is 100% and even more than 100% on some areas. The area and production under different Rabi and Kharif crops is given as follows:-

Table - 4.14: Area, Production and Cropping Intensities of Main Agri Crops in Rancha Doab

Sr. Crops Area Cropping No. (Hectares) Intensity 1 Wheat 117,000 100% 2 Rice 40,000 100% and more 3 Sugarcane 4,000 100%

Source: Agriculture Extension service of Punjab Agriculture Department

4.4.6 Horticulture

The main fruits grown in District Gujranwala are Jaman, falsa, malta, kino, fruiter, sweet lemon, plum, mulberry, guava and pomegranate. The principal vegetables grown in the district are onions, potatoes, ginger, egg plant, arum, lady finger, spinach, mint, tomato, turnip, carrot, cauliflower, bitter gourd, garlic, pea, reddish and cucumber etc.

The soil as well as climate is quite suitable for growing citrus fruits like malta, kino, lemon etc, and guava. Horticulture is being practiced on about 8,000 acres which produces about 3000 tons of fruits and vegetables.

4.4.7 Socio-Economic and Cultural Aspects

This section provides an overview of the socioeconomic conditions and cultural mores in the project area. Socio economic conditions of the area depend upon the population, employment level, trade and businesses, customs, religion, social activities, occasions, and their social cohesion.

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Social impacts can be defined as the consequences to people of any proposed action that changes the way they live, work, relate to one another, organize themselves and function as individuals and members of society. This definition includes social-psychological changes, for example to people’s values, attitudes and perceptions of themselves and their community and environment. (Narayan 2005)

4.4.8 Population and Community Structure

LCC Command area is 3.0 million acres. The population in the area is nearly 5.0 million persons. Density of population per sq. km is 570 as compared to 350 for overall Punjab. The socio-economic structure of project area is primarily agrarian. About 74 percent of the total population lives in rural area and depends upon agriculture. The remaining population lives in cities and towns with ample facilities for work as the cities are generally well industrialized especially in metal works, electrical goods, ceramics and agro-based industries. Some of the rural population travels and even migrates to cities for employment.

The Community economy depends upon an agriculturally oriented cost system. Most of the agricultural land ownership belongs to Jats, Arains, Gujars and Rajpoots. Jats are mostly Cheemas, Chathas, Kahlon Waraich and Sahis. Other casts in the rural area playing a supportive role to agriculture consist of the artisans like carpenters, blacksmiths, goldsmiths, In cities population has Kashmiries, Mughals, Shiekhs and Khokars etc. Ninety seven percent populations are Muslims. Remaining 3% are Christians and other denominations. The ratio of female population is lower than male i.e. male 60%: female 40%. Average family size is about 7 members with a range between 4 – 27 members per household. Mostly the families are used to live in a joint family system. The age of around 50% of the farmers engaged in farming fell between 40 – 60 years. General trend in the younger age groups is to diversify away from agriculture.

4.4.9 Poverty Status

About 40% of the population in the immediate as well as the extended project area is under poverty line for their food and basic necessities and their income is less than Rs. 2,000/- per month per family of 6-8 persons. The population below poverty line falls in various categories like small landowners, tenants, artisans and servicemen etc.

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4.4.10 Land Tenure System

Land is inherited patrilineally. The land ownership is between ½ acre to 125 acres. Eight percent farmers are subsistence farmers owning 5 – 12.5 acres of land. Farmers owning 50 acres and above are less than 5% while 0.5 acres to 5.0 acres is owned by 15%. Those falling in the last category either take land on share or lease to make it an economic tillage or quit agriculture altogether and go to big town and cities for taking up small jobs or work as labour.

Women are not encouraged to inherit land. According to Sunni Mohammadan Law the females inherit ½ share while males receive a full share. And according to Shia Law the male and female inherit equal share. But in both the sects the sisters, out of their love for their material linkage, do not claim their share. Land ownership, acquisition and management is governed by land laws. Land Acquisition Act 1894 is the basic land law. Land Revenue is a Rent and not a Tax.

4.4.11 Land Value

Agricultural land is treated differently from a piece of land in a town city or a village. Urban land has higher value. According productivity the total land mass of a country/province is divided into 8 broad classes as shown in the following sketch:

Table - 4.15: Land Capability Class

I II III IV V VI VII VIII

Agriculture Land Forests Rang Story Gills Show Clad Lands Peeks

The value of land is kept at its productivity. Usually the value is assessed at 20 years produce or latest sale price of a similar peace of property, whichever is higher.

Agriculture land is divided into 4 classes, the best being class I and least productive being class IV. At the time of land consolidation these classes are interchanged mutually and proportionately. Prevalently in Bela area per acre price of agricultural land varies between Rs. 5 lacs to 6 lacs, while outside bunds the land value simply gets doubled.

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4.4.12 Social Equity

Social equity does not exist in the area now-a-days. Old systems of equity and social security such as Punchayat, Bradri, village community, have collapsed and the new system such as NGO’s, Union councils and professional organizations have not yet fully taken roots.

4.4.13 Social Cohesion

The human society in project area is Muslim by 97 percent and Christians by 3 percent. The Muslims are Sunnis (70%) and Shias (30%). The village population is mostly Jats (Cheemas, Chathas, Kahloon, Waraich, Nats and Sindhu, tribes), Arains, Moghals and Rajpoots.

4.4.14 Gender Issues and Status of Women

The number of women in the households is more than male members (women 40% and men 60%). Sixty five percent populations, male and female together are under 30 years of age. In rest of 35% the age groups taper off as they go towards high age. Due to ethnic and social reasons most of the times only male population appears in streets and bazars. There is a tendency to marry early (men 21 – 25 years, women 18 – 21 years). There are no teen age marriages. Because of family bonds social values and caste pressures the rate of divorce is rather low. Most males are contented with one wife through a small minority of Jut brotherhood have 2 – 3 wives.

The roll of women is crucial for any sustainable development process. The women situation survey shows that 42% respondent is literate while 58% respondent is illiterate. The most impressing need of the women of the area is the basic health facilities and the educational facilities for the girls of the project area. The construction of New Khanki Barrage will definitely promote the above mentioned needs and also other social development works. Average age for men is 60 years, within a range of 35 – 89 years. Average are of women is 65 years within a range of 25 – 100 years. Infant mortality is 35% because of lack of gynecological and antenatal facilities in BHU’s People cooperate with Polio drops campaign every year. Courses of vaccines against small pox, cholera, typhoid and hepatitis are offered but are ignored by many village households.

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4.4.15 Services and Facilities in the area

 Educational level Above 70% of the population, including females, possess basic primary pass (5 Classes) certificate. About 50% of he males as well as females is middle school pass, while 30% males and females are matriculates. Almost 82% of the matriculates go for technician level jobs, traders, shop keepers and factory workers. For those who join FA/FSc, there are adequate numbers of education institutions. At Gujranwala there is an independent Board of Secondary Education. After FA / FSc, the inlets are colleges/universities, Engineering colleges/universities, Armed forces as officers and other Govt, Department in the middle level careers. About 3% of the FA/FSc pass candidates join regular BA/BSc classes, and less than 1% reach Master level studies. Only 1-2 persons per year go to Lahore or Islamabad for their Ph.D. studies. In overall pursuits the qualitative as well as quantitative performance of female students is superior to that of male students. Demand for Gujranwala for a university is gaining momentum.

 Industry The project area is located in Districts of Gujranwala and Gujrat. Gujranwala District has made a considerable progress in light as well as heavy industries. There are large industrial units e.g. chemicals, food products, textiles and engineering.

Similarly Gujrat District is centre of production of high quality fans, wood furniture, top quality table ware, china ware, cottage and other pottery goods. The furniture is exported to Europe also.

 Telephone and Internet Over past few years the urban as well as the rural parts of the extended project area have experienced a dramatic change in personal communication. There is a Public Call Office (PCO) almost in every village and on every corner of the towns and cities.

The availability of telephone connection has also facilitated the computer technology and internet to reach Khanki village.

 Transportation and Accessibility Almost all villages in the immediate and extended area of influence of the Khanki headworks system are well connected to cities, town, railway stations and other villages. There is net work of District Council farm to market roads. Buses, Pick-Ups, Tongas and Chand Garies (Qinchis) ply on almost every road. Even in relatively remote

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areas like Khanki Headworks, on an average, 5 buses and trucks, 3 pick-ups, 5 cars, 7 Qinchis, 30 motorbikes daily make 40, 14, 11, 42 and 68 trips respectively. Lahore- Peshawar main railway line passes through Rachna Doab and crosses Chenab River over Alexandra Bridge 16 Km upstream Khanki Barrage. The G.T. Road connects Gujrat, Wazirabad and Gujranwala with Lahore and Rawalpindi. The embankments along river, canals and the tracks along distributaries and Rajbahs provide additional communications routes to the rural communities. Boats are used only to cross the river wherever a bridge is not available. Almost every part of Rachna Doab is conveniently accessible, including the proposed work bases on either side of the river for construction of the new Khanki Barrage, 900 ft. downstream below the existing barrage.

 Electricity, Sui-Gas Supply and energy use One hundred percent houses in all the rural and urban areas have access to electricity. However, the households falling below the poverty line restrict themselves to use of few bulbs and fans.

 Hydel – Electricity Power Station at Shadiwal There is a Hydro-Electric Power Hosue at Shadiwal on Upper Jhelum Canal. If the level of new barrage is kept at 741 amsl, there will be a reduction of 18.75% (2.53 MW) in power production. It is noteworthy that a level upto 736.50 will have no effect.

In urban areas Sui-gas connections have been provided to almost all houses. In rural areas 85% still use fuel wood, agricultural wastes or dried dung of cattle. Ten percent of village inhabitants use Fon-gas cylinders while 5% use Kerosene oil stoves.

Petrol and diesel supplies for transport and agricultural machinery are from Petrol Pumps along major roads and towns.

 Health Facilities Government Hospitals are located only in big towns and cities like Gujranwala and Wazirabad while the Basic Health Units (BHUs) have been established at every Union Council Headquarters. However, the standard of services in the Government run institutions is not satisfactory. Private Doctors are, therefore, filling up the gap but their service is dependent upon patients’ affordability. Availability of antenatal services through Lady Health Visitors has brought the death rate of child bearing mothers and new-born babies fairly down. It is possible to arrange almost all the child deliveries in labour rooms in Government or Private Hospitals. Effective preventive programmes on Smallpox, Cholera and Polio have brought the incidence of these epidemics to almost zero level. The media campaign against Hepatitis is making people aware of the

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preventive measures against this disease. Recently a very effective awareness campaign has been initiated by the Health Departments regarding HIV/AIDS (see next paragraph for details).

Alongwith allopathic cover usually used by comparatively more aware people, a large part of the rural population is still relying upon, “Hakeems” and Homeopathic treatment.

 HIV/AIDS Risk Awareness This is relevant at two stages.

1. For the population of the project area at all times. 2. For the labour and field staff employed during construction phase.

 For general population, an effective awareness campaign is informing on the mass media and through Lady Health Visitors that one can become HIV positive through use of infected syringe, transfusion of HIV carrier blood, and sexual intercourse with HIV carrying male or female. Its transmitting probability is higher in male homosexuals. HIV positive ultimately gets the AIDS for which there is presently no known cure. Social barriers and religious values are also helping the communities to save themselves from getting infected by HIV/AIDS. Well drafted messages on the subject have been included in the Ethics/Islamiyat syllabi of Schools, Madrissas and Colleges to prepare the new generation for their protection against HIV/AIDS. Postal stamps issued on AIDS day also carry a very pointed message for the target groups. However, no case of HIV/AIDS has been reported in any of the Government Hospitals/BHUs in the project area so far.  During construction phase, in the labour camps and their interaction with truck drivers and alike personnel are potential epicenters for spread of HIV/AIDS, if the incidence exists in any component of this complex. Also the presence of a large alien male population camping for many years near the villages around the immediate project area may cause such intercourse which may lead to transmission of HIV/AIDS if it is present anywhere. Although the prevalent religious and cultural value system, to a large extent excludes the outbreak or rapid communication of HIV/AIDS, yet its occurrence in such a situation cannot be precluded. It is necessary that alongwith other communicable diseases like cholera, typhoid and tuberculosis, awareness and preventive campaigns are run, from time to time in the labour camps and among contractor’s other employers in the fields, regarding HIV/AIDS. And arranging such awareness should be made a contractual obligation of the contractor by providing it in the Tender as well as the Contract Documents.

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 Employment Increasing education and multiplying population create more and more hands to be employed. The agriculture alongwith industry has the capacity to absorb at least 50% of the fresh educated male and female youth. The rest of the 50% has to find their way out by going to middle east countries, seeking employment in Armed Forces or Police or other Government offices, hunt jobs in other regions of Punjab or simply sit at home as unpaid-unemployed youth. Making about 20-30% of the total youth force, the employed ones make a sizeable unutilized human resource. Of these at least half are males.

 Income Prevalent daily wage in Wazirabad is Rs. 250/- for the labour employed in construction work. For softer jobs and carriage labour a reduction of Rs. 25 – 50 is common. The artisan, electricians, blacksmiths, carpenters, cobblers, barbers, tailees (oilmen) and potters etc. charge according to the services they render. In towns and cities the services are paid for individual assignments. In rural areas there is service contract (sape) for a year in lieu of which the payment is done in kind i.e. a contracted quantity of Rice and Wheat at the time of harvest. Farm labour is also contracted for season or month and can be paid in cash or kind, the value of which is nearly equal to the minimum wage in the town.

The big landlords make almost Rs. 6,000/- per acre as their net earning. Most of them live in big cities and they visit their lands only to get a self reassurance that they are the landlords. They mostly run their management through their employed. Managers called “Munshis” or “Muneems”

 Vulnerable Groups Less than two percent of the population truly fell in vulnerable groups. These groups mainly consisted of widows, handicapped, landless shelterless and religious minority. The vulnerable groups had an even distribution all over the project area.

 Indigenous Peoples Safeguards During the field survey it was especially focused to screen out Indigenous Peoples. People living in project areas belong to various caste patterns and have homogeneous culture. People have different caste systems but their culture pattern and living habits are same as those of people of Punjab province. There is no community that meets the criteria of ADB definition of Indigenous People. As such the ADB policy on Indigenous peoples will not be triggered by the project.

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 Tourism and Recreational Facilities More than 5000 local tourists visit Khanki Headwork’s annually. A ride over SWR trolley across the historic Chenab over Khanki Barrage, especially at sunrise or sunset is an unforgettable experience. Picnic on either of the protection bunds or boating in the river upstream the headworks takes one to small alluvial islands in the pond area bearing riverian flora and fauna. A boat with a “Mallah” cum “Lifeguard” can be hired locally for Rs. 200 per trip across the river. For fishing behind upstream spurs, license has to be obtained from Fisheries Department. For killing wildboars in the Bela area a free permit is issued by the Forest Department. For an overnight stay beside the river, a permit is available from local office of the Irrigation and Power Department against a prefixed charge per room in the Irrigation & Power Department Rest House built in 1889. With construction of new barrage the tourism facilities and number of tourists will increase manifolds.

4.4.16 Credit Facilities

Agricultural Development Bank, extends credit facilities to farmers but needs collaterals which farmers cannot arrange. Commercial banks usually have no special facility for farmers or other professionals. Punjab Provincial Cooperative Bank extends loans on ornaments security but their system has not earned much acceptance amongst farmers. Informal money lenders are swarming with their ready money, no collateral but almost prohibitive rate of compound interest (25 – 50%). Because of sharp ethnic divisions, efforts to form “Cooperatives” of farmers have not succeeded. However the farmers have started opening their accounts in village branches of commercial banks.

4.4.17 Resettlement

Because the new barrage involves the construction of new Khanki Barrage, it has been estimated that about 36 acres of private land and some houses will come under the right of way of new L.C.C. and studs construction. Comprehensive Land Acquisition Resettlement Action Plan (LARAP) is under preparation separately. The LARAP will be prepared and implemented well before time of construction of the new Khanki barrage project (NKBP).

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4.4.18 Conclusions

 Biological environment will boost local economy in terms of improved agriculture through ensured and irrigation water by way of conveying water to tails, in LCC system command area.  Tree plantations around project site in lieu of cut trees at canal excavated area will enhance the scenic value of the site.  Communication will also be improved through repair and widening of some 32 km of adjoining roads at both sides of the barrage.  Some low lying areas will be rehabilitated by backfilling with dismantled materials of old weir structure and cofferdams.  With the construction of new barrage, distribution efficiency, flood control, fishing and social mobility will improve. The bridge across Chenab at new barrage site will link up the communities and markets on the two banks. This will generate a healthy social economic and cultural interaction between the populations of either bank.  The new barrage shall ensure greater safety for the people living near or downstream the barrage and possibility of collapse of the old barrage would be eliminated. Sudden collapse of the headworks could cause serious damage to Qadirabad barrage and its link canal.  Operation of new barrage will be easier and more efficient to work because of motorized.  Improvement in esthetic value.

Socio-economic and cultural aspects would improve in following ways:  Improvement in infrastructure pertaining to the roads, bridge, communication and other social amenities like natural gas;  Significant changes in sustainable development;  Permanent health care services;  Cross-river social and cultural linkages;  Improvement in educational facilities;  Assurance of better drinking water supply;  Enhancement in agricultural/livestock/fisheries produce.  Development of Public Park.  Establishment of BHU.

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5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

The key function of the analysis of options is to compare feasible alternatives to the proposed project components including the ‘No project’ situation. The potential environmental impacts of each alternatives and feasibility of mitigation of these impacts along with their suitability under local conditions are also compared. The following options/alternatives were analyzed for the assessment of strengths and weaknesses of the proposed project:

 No project option/worst scenario option  Option of remodeling and repairing the old headworks and not building new barrage  Option of constructing the new barrage on the site of old barrage  Option of constructing the new barrage upstream the old barrage  Option of new barrage 900 feet downstream of the old headworks  Option of dismantling the old Khanki barrage  Option of not locating logistics and Irrigation Department land  Option of employing outside labour instead of local labour

A. BARRAGE LOCATION

1) No project option/worst scenario option. 2) The present barrage is remodeled and repaired and no new barrage is built, with no additional storage and no electric power. 3) A new barrage is constructed on the site of the old headworks i.e. the old barrage is completely replaced with a new barrage. 4) A new barrage is built upstream the old (existing) headworks. 5) A new Khanki barrage is built 900 ft. downstream of the old (existing) headworks, with no storage and electric power generation, with the existing storage capacity.

B. LOGISTICS SITES

6) Instead of locating all link roads, paths; camping sites, dumping grounds and machinery yards, on state land alternate sites area chosen on nearby private lands.

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C. LABOUR

7) Instead of employing maximum local labour, contractor is allowed to bring his labour from outside the project area because labour from a particular area may have better capacity.

Each alternative was subjected to SWOT analysis i.e. it was examined as per its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.

A. BARRAGE LOCATION

5.1 NO PROJECT OPTION/WORST SCENARIO OPTION

(a) Analysis

 Strength and opportunities If the Project is not taken up at all, then all the efforts and investments shall be saved and these will become available for diversion on an other project. Should the old structures, built in 1892 and modified in 1935, collapse because of its age, the fish from upstream Qadirabad shall be able to move freely upto downstream Marala and a broken up water habitat shall be reunited. This will assist in better breeding and spewing of all under water swimming species of fish.

Furthermore, the recurring cost of the new barrage and its operational expenses would be avoided. Ecologists believe that taking down a barrage will return a river to an ecologically healthy state. The remarkably limited scientific evidence available regarding Chenab River however does not entirely support that.

 Weaknesses and Threats Not taking up the Project will, sooner or later, result in a catastrophic collapse of the old headworks and the destruction that will follow shall most probably be out of proportion and without warning. It will mean destruction of entire Khanki Headwork’s Complex. Unprecedented floods shall be followed by canal closure and destruction of agriculture by cutting off the crucial Irrigation water to most fertile agricultural lands of Punjab. The pond will be destroyed and along with that the flora and fauna that has been harboring the habitat since 1892. The huge flood released by collapsed Khanki barrage will wash away Qadirabad barrage and the combined water of the two barrages shall on its way to Indus river cause unprecedented damage. The link canals shall either be closed or

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destroyed. A large number of villages along the left and right bank of the river will be washed away resulting in heavy death toll of humans and cattle. The women and children would be the worst affected. A large part of nearby population shall be turned homeless. All services including electricity, telephone, education and communication shall be disrupted and destroyed. The Trolley over the river shall no more be there and the right and the left bank shall be disconnected. And many such sites specific factors, which cannot be anticipated at this stage, will influence the ecological changes that accrue when the headworks actually gets removed at once. A doomsday in the area shall be unleashed.

(b) Conclusion

For this proposal, the weaknesses and threats outweigh the strengths and opportunities. Therefore, No Project option, possessing the potentials of worst scenario is not recommended.

5.2 OPTION OF REMODELLING AND REPAIRING THE OLD HEADWORKS AND NOT BUILDING NEW BARRAGE

 Analysis

 Strength and opportunities Beyond doubt the existing structure has stood the test of time since 1892 and the foundations and piers, their mortar or bricks and the masonry work have shown no sign of deterioration even apparently, Although the design capacity of barrage is 800,000 cusecs, it has passed floods much larger than that without getting damaged. It is successfully keeping the pond at such a level that L.C.C is running at its design discharge as per schedule fixed by Irrigation Department. The existing structure can be gradually modified, starting from one side and then gradually proceeding to the other and the whole structure can be modernized on its existing foundations. It will require less expense, shorter time and will cause least disturbances to upstream or downstream environment. In this option there shall be no need of shifting the L.C.C Headwork’s too. These will be modernized in situ and no link canal shall be required to connect the new pond to the L.C.C system. Part of the money saved could be spent on rebuilding the labor and staff colony and strengthening the existing river training works and guide bunds. There shall be no negative impact on flora or fauna or any other component of the ecosystem.

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 Weaknesses and Threats The old barrage is too old physically and too antiques a model to stand for tenure of 50 years. The brick work and the superstructure can neither be repaired nor modernized. It has an archaic system of regulation through shutters, which is not only very cumbersome but also does not permit precise control over pond level. The transport of equipment and man power across the barrage is through an aerial ropeway system which is not only very time consuming but also dangerous. The SWR having been used for the purpose dates back to 1907. The capacity of the barrage (800,000 cusecs) is not compatible with the capacities of Marala Barrage (1,100,000 Cusecs) and Qadirabad Barrage (900,000 cusecs). An exhaustive study of historic flood data of Chenab River and flood frequency analysis by a number of methods was carried out and it was concluded that a 100 year design flood can be of the order of 11,00,000 cusecs which happens to be 40% in excess of the existing design capacity. In addition to the limitations of age and capacity, the very model requires change. Its outmoded shutters and ropeway system, hydraulic changes like growing accretion and increasing non- modularity call for serious contemplation about possible remedial measures. Any attempt to repair or modify the old barrage would mean continuation of the same inherent limitations and defects. The design of the old headworks has no road bridge but in the design of the new barrage a 30 ft wide bridge has been provided.

 Conclusion.

The weaknesses and threats of this option are overwhelmingly more than its strengths and opportunities. The option of remodelling and repairing the old headworks, and not building a new barrage, is not recommendable.

5.3 OPTION OF CONSTRUCTING THE NEW BARRAGE ON THE SITE OF OLD BARRAGE

(a) Analysis

 Strength and Opportunities An already tested site shall be used to construct the new barrage. The new foundation can be laid on a firm foundation of the old headworks. The design capacity of 800,000 Cusecs will be raised to 1,100, 000 Cusecs or even more by making suitable changes in the design of the structure. No change shall be required in the canal headworks of L.C.C. No link canals shall have to be dug and no additional land shall be required for

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any purpose. All activities including the work bases shall be housed within the lands owned by IRRIGATION Department. Since the old barrage shall be replaced by a new barrage on the same site, no major ecological change will take place and no negative physical, biological or social impact shall be experienced by flora, fauna, or the human population residing around.

 Weaknesses and Threats To construct a new barrage exactly on the same foundation, the old structure shall have to be demolished, in part or whole and it will upset the existing L.C.C. system. The effects so created may not be easily manageable. There will be a possibility of a mishap causing high floods downstream submerging villages and causing human and cattle life losses. The idea of an AR bridge over the barrage may have to be abandoned altogether. Also huge quantities of debris produced out of the destruction of the old barrage shall have to be disposed off. Replacing the shutters with proper operational gates will not be possible, as new foundations will be required which cannot be constructed without breaking the barrage crest floors. (b) Conclusion

Although apparently appealing, construction of new barrage exactly on the site of the old headworks has more weaknesses and threats than the strengths and opportunities. This option, therefore, is not recommendable.

5.4 OPTION OF CONSTRUCTING THE NEW BARRAGE UPSTREAM THE OLD BARRAGE

(a) Analysis

 Strength and Opportunities A cumbersome process of simultaneous demolishing and reconstructing the old barrage shall be avoided.

 Weaknesses and Threats The river span upstream the old barrage is wider than the site where the old barrage was sited. The length of the barrage shall increase if located 1500’-2000 ft upstream and the lands and several villages of Nathu Kot others shall be inundated, destroying 1200 houses displacing more than 100,000 persons, and creating an A Class resettlement problem. The L.C.C. Head Regulator shall also have to be shifted upstream and a link Canal shall be required to link up the new barrage to L.C.C. The

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link canal will pass through the Irrigation Department Colony and office which shall have to be shifted elsewhere increasing additional cost of land and buildings. By submerging more agricultural as well as alluvial lands, significant change will take place in the upstream habitat of flora and fauna. A change in the pond structure will necessitate modifications in the existing or construction of altogether new river training works, accruing exorbitant additional costs.

(b) Conclusion

The weaknesses and threats of this option are much heavier than the strengths and opportunities. The option therefore is not recommended.

5.5 OPTION OF NEW BARRAGE 900 FEET DOWNSTREAM OF THE OLD HEADWORKS

(a) Analysis

 Strength and Opportunities The site of the new barrage is about 900 ft downstream of the old barrage near the ends of the right bell bund and the left bell bund Upto this point the span of the river is as narrow as that of the old barrage. It will be possible to have a barrage of almost same length but with a better design and most modern mechanism. The barrage gates can be controlled through moternization. The height can be so manipulated that the pond level does not change in its overall shape. Also, there will be no change in the shore line of pond. The land: water ratio will remain the same and no impact shall be transferred to flora, fauna or the overall habitat of fish and wildlife. The actual purpose of the project is to replace the old structure with a new and modern one so as to keep L.C.C. system running at optimal level. Change in scope can make the project counter productive environmentally. Some private land, three to four pace rooms and tree cutting will be involved during the excavation of the New L.C.C. The matter will be solved by the process of land acquisition and compensation; governed by the Land Acquisition Act 1894 between the government and the private land owner.

 Weaknesses and Threats Shifting the barrage downstream will obviously mean shifting of canal headworks downwards. A link canal shall have to flow from the new canal head regulator upto the L.C.C. and this flow shall necessitate adjustments of gradient. If the link canal has to be along minimum distance and within I D land, it shall have to be specially

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designed and carefully routed which, may involve curves. To avoid serious bank erosion on the banks the link canal shall have to be lined and always monitored for any damages during its perennial flow periods.

The old labour and lower staff colony adjacent to “P” spur shall get demolished because of the route of the link canal and a new colony shall have to be built on the adjacent Irrigation Department land. Trees cutting will be involved to pass the link canal and the link roads from the bridge to the existing roads.

(b) Conclusion

 The proposal is favored because all the weaknesses and threats are removable through preparation and implementation of LARAP and EMP implementation as well. It is, therefore, an acceptable option under prevailing circumstances. Various components of the each alternative have been evaluated from technical and environment point of view and alternate (6) is finally selected for execution being most feasible and environment friendly.

5.6 OPTION OF DISMANTLING THE OLD KHANKI BARRAGE a) Analysis

 Strength and Opportunities

When the New Khanki Barrage is commissioned, the presence of old structure at Khanki will only cause obstruction on the way of smooth flow of water. Its dismantling and removal of waste construction material will clear off the obstructions. The storage capacity of the New Khanki Headworks will enhance. Some material will be available which can be used for land fills at suitable places. By removing obstruction, a 10 km long and 4 km wide lake of water will become available for tourists, boats, launches and anglers. Local communities, especially the affectees could get alternate employment linked with tourist facilities. And if Fisheries Development Institute alongwith Fish Hatchery is brought to the abandoned Khanki Campus, an open unobstructed large body of water would be available for mass scale aquaculture. Aesthetic value of the area will increase. And a carbon sequestration and carbon credit programme would become possible.

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 Weaknesses and Threats

A historical structure, which could be used as a visit spot by engineering students, will vanish forever. Possibility of SWR Trolley being developed as tourist attraction will be finished. A lot of waste construction material will cause disposal problem. If the material is thrown into the river it will cause loss of water storage capacity of the pond. The old headworks are holding a number of Belas in position. Its removal can cause catastrophic erosion in “Belas” and wash them down to the vicinity of the New Khanki Barrage. On dismantling of the old barrage and transporting and dumping the waste construction material an extra cost shall be incurred. b) Conclusion

The strengths and opportunities of the option outweigh the weaknesses and threats. It is therefore recommended that Old Khanki Headworks and its interlinked structures should be dismantled soon after the New Khanki Barrage is commissioned.

B. LOGISTICS SITES

5.7 OPTION OF NOT LOCATING LOGISTICS AND IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT LAND

(a) Analysis

 Strength and opportunities A higher degree of freedom shall be enjoyed by Design Engineers as well as the construction contractor; most suitable land shall be used, be it private or state. The link canal will not be constructed on a difficult gradient as envisaged in the proposed design and there shall be convenience of placing the logistics on private land.

 Weaknesses and Threats Large-scale resettlement and compensation shall be involved. The Project will get cost heavy. Agricultural land shall be destroyed. The existing Irrigation Department land shall not be fully utilized.

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(b) Conclusion

In the presence of adequate Irrigation Department land, taking the project to private lands is not advisable. The weaknesses and threats outweigh the strengths and opportunities. The option for this alternative is therefore dropped.

C. LABOUR

5.8 OPTION OF EMPLOYING OUTSIDE LABOUR INSTEAD OF LOCAL LABOUR

(a) Analysis

 Strength and opportunities

More efficient, more dependable and well trained man power will be available. The local communities, thus, will not be able to exert undue pressures on the Contractor or the project. The outside labour will set model for the untrained local labour which may improve. Spending in the local market by the outside labour will bring additional benefits to local economy.

 Weaknesses and Threats Bringing outside labour will take away the economic benefit from the local communities and the local communities will not develop a sense of “ownership” for the project. The project objectives of poverty alleviation, social uplift and capacity building shall be defeated. A massive social problem shall be created.

(b) Conclusion

In case the labour is brought in from outside, the social losses will be much higher than the economic gains. However ergonomic limitations may necessitate bringing in small percentage of outside manpower especially at the skilled level. But, as far as possible, the local human resource shall have to be preferred.

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5.9 SUMMARY OF ALTERNATIVES

1. No project option/worst scenario option is not recommended 2. Option of remodeling and repairing the old barrage and not building new barrage is not recommendable. 3. Construction of a new barrage upstream the old barrage is also not recommended. 4. The option of constructing the new barrage about 900 ft. downstream of the old barrage is recommended; being most feasible and environment friendly. 5. Option of placing all logistics on the available Irrigation Department land is the best choice, for the project within its presently stated scope. 6. Maximum local manpower should be employed on the project.

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6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE

This section describes the outcome of the public consultation sessions held with different stakeholders/groups that may be impacted by the project. The consultation process was carried out in accordance with the) Asian Development Bank’s Safe Guard Policy Statement (ADB’SPS). The process of the public consultation proceeded as follows: -

 Meetings with regional and local officers of PID Government of Punjab.  Semi-structured interaction held with communities on old and new barrage sites and around.  Public Hearing through EPA Punjab to get the maximum participating role for the members of public. (To be done at the convenience of EPA Punjab after submission of the drafts ESIA report).

6.1 CONSULTATION PROCESS

Information disclosure and public consultation and discussion with the people of the area have been continuing since the project’s feasibility studies in 2005. This process was intensified during the EIA studies, and separate rounds of public consultations were held as part of the preparation of Land Acquisition Resettlement Action Plan (LARP). Before and during the project execution, this process will be continued, particularly during the implementation of the EMP and LARP and compensation initiative proposed in LARP and a comprehensive communication strategy has been devised for this purpose. Surveys were carried out in order to investigate physical, biological and socio-economic resources falling within the immediate area of influence of the project. Primary data collection included:

 Land demarcation, measurement and land record collection.  Pretesting of socioeconomic survey tools in the field.  Physical measurement of structures falling in the ROW.

The semi structured meeting with community representatives held on 2005, 2009 and 2011 in and around the project have the following objectives:- :  Share information with stakeholders on New Khanki Barrage project and expected impacts on aspects of affectees of the Project.

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 Understand stakeholders’ concerns regarding various aspects of the Project, including the existing condition of the upgrading requirements, and the likely impact of construction related activities and operation activities;  Provide an opportunity to the public to influence Project design in a positive manner;  Obtain local and traditional knowledge, before decision making;  Increase public confidence about the proponent, reviewers and decision makers;  Reduce conflict through the early identification of controversial issues, and work through them to find acceptable solutions;  Create a sense of ownership of the proposal in the mind of the stakeholders; and  Develop the proposals that are truly sustainable.

6.2 IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS

During the field survey, significant efforts were made to identify the possible categories of stakeholders and their stakes. During the field survey different stakeholders identified were the villagers, local residents, government officials, shop owners, public representative, NGO’s and general public. All those stakeholders had different types of stakes according to their professions. Public consultations were carried out in two steps. The first step employed for the consultations carried out during the Environmental and Social Assessment studies was the identification and categorization of the stakeholders. Two types of the stakeholders were identified: the primary stakeholders, who would be directly affected by the project; and the secondary stakeholders, who would be indirectly affected by the project (or who could indirectly affect the project). Subsequent to the stakeholder identification, guidelines and questionnaires were prepared for conducting the focus group discussions/meetings, which were arranged through contacting the key persons from the community, such as, village heads, and patwaris. After completing the preparatory steps described above, the consultations were carried out in the communities. During the ESIA study, stakeholder meetings and focus group discussions were held in 10 villages nearby the Khanki barrage and around that of the Newly construction L.C.C area, whereas for developing LARP, such meetings were held in all of the 4 villages . To meaningfully include the women of the area in the consultation process, separate focus group discussions were arranged both during the ESIA and LARP studies.

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The consultations with the secondary stakeholders were carried out in parallel to the community meetings. These consultations were held with officials and representatives of public and private departments/institutions, including IPD (PMO Barrages), The consultation process during the EA studies and preparation of LARP comprised a total of 771 participants. Table – 6.1 summarizes these meetings; the details are provided in Annex A.

Table – 6.1: Summary of consultation meetings

Round Year Description Participants First 2005 Meeting with local communities, 70 women of nearby villages and project stakeholders. Second Feb 2009 Meeting with APs, local population 338 and project stakeholders. Third June 2011 Meeting with residents, APs, women of the adjoining villages 111 and meeting with secondary stake holders. 1.Public Hearing May 7, 2005 Public hearing meeting with residents 205 2.Public Hearing March 31, and Govt. officials of the different 47 2009 departments 771 Total

6.3 CONSULTATION FINDINGS

Stakeholder Concerns The major fears of the people of the project area included closure of L.C.C during the construction of the barrage for about four years, and the associated crop losses; reduction in number of fish at Khanki pond and downstream due to high level of construction activity and noise level generated by new barrage; Loss of the freedom of local women-folk in the area; possibility of spreading of HIV/AIDS due to labour interaction with locals; chance to increase the accidents; Rise in the prices of commodities in construction site and adjoining markets due to arrival of the additional 2000 labors and fear to have impact in the command area due to decrease in canal capacity; short length of the studs may create problems and there are chances of

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getting less price of land that would be acquired for the construction of the new L.C.C and studs. All of the above concerns and expectations have been adequately incorporated in the project design in the form of the mitigation measures included in the Environmental Management Plan and LARP and the communities were so informed during the consultation meetings.

6.4 GENDER COMPONENT

A total of 40 women from the project area were interviewed by the female staff, as per level of awareness on the project, most women were aware of the construction of Barrage and Studs project. Table 6.2 indicates the social condition of women surveyed. 45% had access to school, 35% had to college level education and only 20% ladies had access to university level education. This reveals that they were free in getting education if they were willing and educational facilities were available in their surrounding areas. On the other hand, 30% women had access to lady health visitor, 32% consult government doctor, 25% consult private doctor and 20% consult quacks in case of sickness/ailments.

Table - 6.2: Social Condition of Women in the project Area

Access to Education Access to Health Facility Age Nurse/ Govt. Private Group School College University uacks LHV Doctors Doctors 16-25 9 2 3 2 3 3 2 26-35 4 5 2 3 5 3 1 36-45 3 3 1 4 2 2 1 46-55 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 55/above - 1 - 1 2 1 2 Total 18 14 8 12 13 10 8 % age 45 35 20 30 32 25 20

 All the above points would be reflected in Social Framework Agreement (SFA) between the local community and the PID and when the project is commissioned for construction.

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6.5 SOCIAL FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT

It is the commitment by the project proponent and the local community to work together for the successful completion of the project. It establishes bindings for both parties to minimize possible conflicts. SFA shall be considered as a “follow up” of the public consultation and public hearing and indicates that ID and the communities are mutually facilitating the construction process of new Khanki Barrage.

Parties to Agreement SFA will be signed through mutual open consent between the local village leaders and the project proponent. At least two leaders/elders will be chosen from each of the villages situated adjacent to the area where construction activity will be based. These leaders/elders will constitute a villagers committee, which will choose a Chairman among themselves. SFA shall be signed by ID Resident Engineer (RE) representing the project proponent and by the Chairman of villagers’ committee representing the local community before two month start of the construction work.

Agreement Contents SFA shall be prepared in the form of a legal agreement in Urdu language on a stamp paper to be provided by RE at the project cost. Three copies of the agreement shall be signed by both parties. All the mitigation measures described in EMP which are relevant to SFA shall be included in the agreement. The obligations of the irrigation Department and those of the community shall be listed clearly. Signed copies of SFA shall be kept by both parties and the Executive Engineer in charge of the Barrage. The suggested format of SFA is provided in Annex - B & Annex - C.

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7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

This chapter categorizes the potential impacts of the construction of New Khanki Barrage on the physical, biological and social environment of the project area.

7.1 METHODOLOGY

In order to assess the type and intensity of impacts of the project, a check list of potential impacts was developed on basis of the literature review, field surveys, investigations, and stakeholders consultations. The matrix charts the relations between the project components, and the various aspects of the physical, biological and social environment, and on the basis of this identifies the potential impacts associated with each project activity. The check list also characterizes the impacts with respect to their severity, in addition to determining whether the potential impact can be avoided through better project design and planning, or mitigated with the help of appropriate measures to be taken during the project execution. The check list of potential impacts is presented in Table 7.1. The potential impacts thus identified are discussed in the following sections.

7.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT - OVERVIEW

The Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study has disclosed that the project is not likely to have any severe negative impacts on the environment and people of the area. All the potential impacts which have been identified during the present assessment are associated with the construction stage of the project, and mild to moderate in severity; and can easily be avoided (through good design and construction planning) or mitigated (through proper implementation of the EMP and LARAP), as shown in Table 7.1. On the other hand, the project will be beneficial; job opportunities particularly for the local population during construction stage and extremely beneficial for agricultural production once the construction of the new Khanki Barrage is complete. In addition, the social assistance activities at the barrage will greatly enhance the project benefits for the local communities. Significant social indicators of the project benefits are mentioned below:  Improvement in infrastructure pertaining to the roads, bridge, communication and other social amenities like natural gas;

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 Significant changes in sustainable development;  Permanent health care services;  Cross-river social and cultural linkages;  Improvement in educational facilities;  Assurance of better drinking water supply;  Enhancement in agricultural/livestock/fisheries produce.

Table - 7.1: Check list of potential impacts for Construction and Operational Phases Impact Categorization Environmental Aspects Mild Moderate Severe (Construction Phase) * ** *** * ** *** * ** *** 1. Land Resources Borrow area for extraction of materials 1.1  from borrowing site. Site for disposal of waste generation and 1.2  disposal of waste material Location of labor camps, material camps, 1.3  equipment yards and approach roads

1.4 Access tracks 

Land contamination due to spill of 1.6 lubricates, fuel, chemicals and other waste  materials. Contamination from diesel and other spills 1.7  from construction machinery Drainages paths roads crossed. Damages 1.8  by moving machinery

1.9 Installation of batching plants 

1.10 Waste disposal Management 

1.11 Agriculture land and crop Damage 

Any discharge or diversion of water to a 1.12  graveyard or archaeological site

1.13 Electrical and mechanical works 

Construction of L.C.C., regulator, bridge 1.14  and studs.

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Impact Categorization Environmental Aspects Mild Moderate Severe (Construction Phase) * ** *** * ** *** * ** *** 2. Hydrology and Water Resources

2.1 Impact on source of construction water  Contamination of surface water due to 2.2 diesel and other fluids spilling over to river  water from machinery. 2.3 Protection of construction work from floods 

2.4 Obstruction of flow of water down stream  Impact of dismantling of Old Khanki 2.5  Barrage. 3. Air Quality and Noise Pollution Dust and smoke and other pollutants from 3.1  plants and equipments. Dust or other pollutant from stored 3.2  materials and spoil heaps Smoke from burning of waste materials or 3.3  burning fire wood Noise control from use of old or outdated 3.4  machinery

4. Biological Resource

Damage to biological resource flora, fauna, 4.1  biota Impact of construction and dismantling of 4.2  coffer dam on aquatic life 5. Socioeconomic and Cultural Issues Existing services; education health, 5.1  electricity, and water supply Tribal tensions and local rivalries on canals 5.2  and aquatic life 5.3 Land ownership and land acquisition 

5.4 Access to other construction materials  Effects on sites of archeological, historical, 5.5  cultural or religious significance

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Impact Categorization Environmental Aspects Mild Moderate Severe (Construction Phase) * ** *** * ** *** * ** *** 5.6 Public safety at construction sites  Health and safety of labor and employees 5.7  on construction site 5.8 Employment  HIV/AIDS and other communicable 5.9  diseases. 5.10 Aesthetic / scenic value  Key: * Avoidable through design (Preventive) ** Mitigation through contractor’s obligation or through SFA *** Non-reversible permanent change.

7.3 EXPLANATION OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Table 7.1 above provides a schematic presentation of the degree, significance and mitigability of various environmental and social factors at construction and operational phases. This section provides a brief explanation of each factor, also suggesting a line of action towards mitigation measures for the adverse impacts.

7.3.1 Construction Phase

7.3.1.1 Land Resources

I. Site for disposal for waste construction material There is hardly any cutting involved. Most of the work would require filling. There would, therefore, shall not be much waste material for disposal or burial. If any such material e.g. left over of the coffer dam, does need disposal, enough land for that is available on either bank of the river. Most suitable spot is the depression on other side of protection Bunds, where water is stagnating and is becoming breeding place for injurious insects like malarious mosquitoes. Dumping waste material in these ponds will achieve two purposes; dispose the waste material as well as fill the pond and make the sites more health friendly. This is a moderately significant but mitigable factor.

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Mitigation To be made contractor’s responsibility through contract document to dispose off the construction waste material in the water filled depression on outer sides of the protection bunds.

II. Location of Labour Camps, Material Depots, Equipment yards and approach roads Because of availability of ample area belonging to ID, location of labour camps, material depots, equipment yards and approach roads will not cause any serious problem. So this is a matter of slight significance and is easily mitigable and manageable.

Mitigation The contractor will, in consultation with RE, resolve the exact location of all these facilities within the land of ID.

III. Contamination from Diesel and other oil spills from Construction machinery At places it may be inevitable and may exceed the maximum permissible limit. In case it is allowed to be as rule rather than an exception, the dumping site will be permanently damaged alongwith allied physical biological and social losses. This is mitigable through effective application of the maximum spill regulations.

“Guide Lines for Oil Spill Waste Minimization and Management issued by International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Associate are as follows:-

 Soil contaminated by minor spills/leakages (defined as leaks from vehicles, machinery, equipment or storage containers such that the area and depth of soil contaminated is less than 10 sq ft and 3 inches respectively) is to scraped and burnt in a burn pit.

 Moderate spills defined as spills of volume less than or equal to 200 liters is to be contained and controlled using shovels, sands and native soil. These equipments and materials are to be made available at camp sites during the operation. The contaminated soil is to be excavated and stored in a burn area lined with an impermeable base. Depending on the volume, the contaminated soil is either disposed-off through by

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specialized treatment such as bioremediation or through approved contractor.

 Major spills (defined as spills of volume much greater than 200 liters) require initiation of Emergency Response Procedures and Oil Spill Contingency Plan. These spills are to be handled and controlled according to the Plan and require special treatment such as bioremediation and through approved contractors.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to impose strict rules on his workers and labour and ensures that no spill are caused. If it the spills, do take place, it must be followed by he treatment prescribed above as per the degree of spill.

IV. Damage to, roads, cross drainages by machinery Such a situation can arise through carelessness of the heavy machinery drivers/operators. Such carelessness can cause considerable damage to paths, roads and drainages if the drivers/operators are not made aware, trained and bound to be careful. An effective sinology can reinforce the instructions to drivers. It is a concern of moderate significance but is mitigable through care and regulation.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligations to impose strict control over operators and drivers of all types of vehicles. Should the damage take place, the contractor must be bound to carry out repair immediately.

V. Earthen Embankments or Concrete work, Edge Scouring Must be dealt at design stage. Wherever such a situation is anticipated, aprons should be provided to secure edges and specifications must be kept of high standards. Moderately significant but is a mitigable aspect.

Mitigation Design stage and strict application of Operational Manual.

VI. Discharge from unstable slope or leakage on construction Such an impact can destroy the structure leading to unprecedented damage. Though significant, it can be set aside through a careful planning of the work. If

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such a situation does appear, it becomes highly significant though a mitigable impact.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to not to let such leakage develop. Should such leakage develop, the contractor must remain fully prepared to immediately control the discharge.

VII. Any discharge spill or dumping onto any building or houses on river bank No such situation has been noticed during surveys. Should a situation present itself during project implementation it will be a moderately significant but a mitigable problem. Should a situation to such an effect present itself during project implementation, the owner may be compensated by the contractor.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to compensate such losses.

VIII. Any discharge spill or dumping out to any graveyard or burial No such situation has been noticed during surveys. Should a situation present itself during project construction, it will be moderately significant but a mitigable problem. Should a situation to such an effect, present itself it will be a moderately significant but mitigable problem. The contractor shall be duty bound to restore the protection wall of graveyard through appropriate rip-rap work or pay damages to the community.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to compensate the community either by getting the graveyard protection wall repaired and covered with rip rap work or paying the community an amount as compensation with which the community can get the repair done.

IX. Impact due to the Construction of Coffer Dam Part of the river flow shall have to be closed behind a coffer dam, within which the construction of barrage will proceed, while the river shall flow normally in the remaining part of the river, as before till the completion of the new barrage.

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Mitigation A careful planning of the Coffer Dam an efficient manipulation of gates of old barrage along with due adjustment of the LCC Headworks.

X. Material left behind after the Coffer Dam is not required A huge quantity of material shall be used for construction of Coffer Dam during construction. After the construction, if left behind, this material will disturb biota as well as the normal flow of river. This will be a significant but a mitigable impact.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to remove all waste material from the coffer dam site and dump it safely as construction waste material.

XI. Impact of taking borrow material from earth borrow site A large quantity of earth fill material will be obtained from the heaps of spoil banks of the old L.C.C inundation canal and 500 acre land currently set aside for afforestation situated on the right bank of the river . It is about 5 miles downstream of the Barrage. Excavation and cutting activities could place adverse environmental impacts including sliding, soil erosion and drainage on the surrounding areas.

Mitigation

 No private land is acquired for the borrow areas  The Contractor will ensure that selected borrow areas are clearly demarcated including the allowed depth of the excavation before starting excavation.  The borrow areas will be leveled. The Contractor will not leave the borrow pits in such a condition that they are unsuitably filled with rain water and cause the problem for the community.  If the borrow area is near to the settlements then it should be fenced completely.  The borrow land on spoil bank of the old L.C.C will be propounded use as borrowing area. If agriculture land needs to be used as borrowing area then the Contractor will adopt the following methods during the digging process.

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o Fix the location of excavation. o Remove thirty centimeters of the top soil and keep it on reserved site for re-spreading in the field. o Excavate up to one meter depth. o Maintain the slope as far as possible. o Place the top soil back during the restoration process. o Pay compensation for any crop losses.

XII. Impact on roads used for transport of construction materials Main roads on either side of the river to convey men and material to the construction sites. This will cause additional wear and tear and raise considerable dust. It will be a moderately significant but mitigable impact.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to use the roads and paths carefully and in case of any damage, repair the damaged paths. On Kacha roads water shall be sprinkled daily.

XIII. Impact of stone quarrying Stones shall be procured from quarries in Sargodha district. This will not cause any impact on the immediate project area except that the vehicles carrying the stone shall exert additional traffic load on the roads leading to the project area. By keeping the roads dust free and repaired, only a slight influence is expected on the immediate project area.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to use the road network carefully and repair any damages immediately.

7.3.1.2 Hydrology and Water Resources

I. Source of construction water Ordinarily the river water is suitable for the construction work. If obtained from elsewhere, it must be compensated.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to pay for water obtained from source other than the river.

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II. Source of surface water Contractor’s labour will use river water, like other people living or working near the river banks, for washing, bathing and at time for sewage. The contractor may however, arrange to pump water from the river and supply running tap water to his workers. Using some water from river by the contractor’s labour shall cause only a slight but irreversible effect on the river. But if the contractor can ensure a system of pit latrines or a set of temporary flush system latrines with sink tanks in the land around the camp, the river water can stay free of sewage of about 2000 persons. All sewerages to be treated through septic tanks.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to supply running tap water, pit latrines/ flush latrines with sink tanks in the land near the camp. It should be ensured that solid and liquid waste of about 2000 persons does not fall into the river.

III. Source of drinking water Communities along Chenab river banks are sufficiently advanced to install tube wells and hand pumps for obtaining good quality drinking water. Similar arrangements can be made by the contractor for his labour camps. Drawing water for drinking from aquifer shall neither cause any significant change in the under water reservoir, nor the river which recharges it. This impact can be considered as slight. Surface water not being drinkable, the subsoil water should be tapped.

Mitigation The contractor should tap the underground reservoir and install hand pumps or tube well with overhead tank to supply drinking water to the labour and workers. The quality of drinking water should be monitored periodically.

IV. Diesel and other fluids spilling over the River from construction machinery Contamination from Diesel and other fluids spilling from construction machinery over river waters, river bed or river banks, as per description of oil spills given under land.

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Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to not to let it happen. Should it cross the permissible limits, ways and mean should be adapted to effectively control it according to the standard specifications for limits on spills.

V. Protection of construction work from floods A suitable flood warning system from Irrigation Department and full arrangements to save the New Khanki Barrage from floods shall be in position. Flood impact is of high significance and is mitigable.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to make fool proof arrangements in advance to protect the on going construction works from floods, as per information received from the I D.

VI. Obstruction of the flow of water downstream Same as Cofferdam effect discussed under Land Resource. This impact is of high significance and is mitigable. Mitigation A careful planning of the Coffer Dam and efficient manipulation of gates of old barrage along with due adjustment of L.C.C. Headworks. River flow downstream shall be facilitated by suitable arrangements agreed between the contractor and the Resident Engineer.

VII. Effect of surface flow conditions Must be addressed mainly at Design Stage. The impact is significant and mitigable.

Mitigation Design Engineer to accommodate this factor in the design so as to avoid negative impacts. Contractor to follow the Design Specifications meticulously.

7.3.1.3 Air Quality and Noise Pollution

I. Dust and smoke and other pollutants from construction machinery This impact is inevitable, moderately significant but mitigable.

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Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to keep the dust and smoke low by using machinery which is well maintenance and is almost noiseless. And all Kacha roads and paths are sprinkled with water many times a day.

II. Dust or other pollutions from stored material This is also inevitable, moderately significant and mitigable.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to keep the dust and smoke by carefully storing and distributing the construction material so as to cause minimum dust which again will be within the acceptable limits.

III. Smoke from burning of waste material or burning firewood A large number of big and small fires in the labour camp can produce smoke and smog which can cut off visibility, reduce trafficability and cause suffocation alongwith causing diseases of the respiratory tract. Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to use clean and smoke free fuel in the labour camp. Cutting and burning trees/shrubs for fuel shall be prohibited. Instead Gas Cylinders should be used in the labour camp for cooking purposes.

IV. Noise from use of old or outdated machinery Old and poorly maintained machinery generates higher decibels of noise. If the machinery is new and well maintained, its noise is far too less and is within tolerable limits. Also noise controlling gadgets (ear plugs) can be used to cuts off the noise for those who work in the close vicinity of heavy machinery.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to use new, well maintained and low noise machinery preferably during day time. The drivers, operators and workers working on or near the heavy machinery must be provided ear plugs.

V. Noise or sonar waves generated by pile driving or sheet piling In case pile driving or sheet piling is done inside water, its sonar effect is far stronger than that in the air. In this project no such impact is expected because the construction will be done on dry area inside the Coffer dam. Other construction noise will be slight and mitigable.

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Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to restrict all the construction work strictly within the bounds of coffer dam and not to allow any under water noise producing activity.

VI. Noise due to blasting Blasting may be used in demolishing of Old Khanki Barrage. But should it become necessary to blow up some big rock or an embankment, it will generate all time high shock waves and loud level of spot noise. It can adversely affect the aquatic, terrestrial and aerial life by a sudden release of high level sound and echo. Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation not to cause blasts as envisaged in project design. But should it become necessary, it should be done with the permission of Resident Engineer (RE) and all measure should be adapted so as to minimize the impact of one time blast. All explosions must be performed under specialist supervision.

VII. Soil Compaction due to labour camps, and machinery yards The human and mechanical activity normally compacts the soil and turns it nonproductive.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to mitigate the impact of compaction and leave the site almost in the same state in which it is occupied. Pictures of the area should be taken before handing it over to contactor which will help the RE to ensure an acceptable state of soil while getting the area back from the contractor.

7.3.1.4 Biological Resources

I. Damage to biological resources Flora, Fauna (Biota) Since the level of pond will not rise or fall significantly and reservoir shore line will not change, so no major change is expected in the habitat of the natural flora or fauna. However in certain cases about 1000 Eucalyptus trees (Govt. trees), and 54 woody & fruit trees (privately owned trees) may have to be cut to excavate the new L.C.C and studs. Small readjustment of place may have to be made by some birds and rodents.

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Mitigation Contractor’s obligation not to cause any additional destruction to Flora and Fauna of the area by respecting the limits of construction site and not to enter other territories. About 10,000 trees of different species will be replanted according to the Tree Plantation plan. No unauthorized tree or bush cutting should be allowed. Should it be necessary, it should not be done without an express permission of the RE. If the number of trees is above a limit fixed by RE, professional advice should be obtained from local Forest officer.

II. Damage to Fisheries Like the old barrage, the new barrage will also be an obstruction for fish migration which is necessary for flood, habitat and reproductive adjustments. The Fish already under adverse pressure because of Marala Barrage upstream and Qadirabad downstream. Presence of New Khanki Barrage will therefore be yet another blockade, for fish migration.

Mitigation while designing the new Khanki Barrage, fish ladders will be provided. And the Contractor shall, as a contractual obligation, use the best available technology to construct the fish ladder.

III. Impact on adjustment Bela lands On both sides of Chenab River at the site of the new barrage there are alluvial lands still under the influence of river water. These lands support a succession of vegetation culminating in a climax species shisham (Dulbergia sissoo) tree. Since the level of water in the pond area behind the barrage is not likely to change, the alluvial lands popularly called the “Belas” or “Zakheeras”) shall only experience a slight influence in that water spill to these area may improve.

Mitigation No negative impact is anticipated. To ward off against any adverse effect it shall be joint responsibility of the contractor and the RE to ensure that at no stage of construction the level of the pond area rises above the present level.

IV. Impact on migratory birds Chenab River at the point of the project does not fall on the recognized route of globally recognized migratory water fowl or ducks. However a number of

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migratory birds do pass this way and stay for wintering in the barrage area. Since the water: land ratio is not going to change, there shall be no or slight influence of the new barrage on the temporary habitat of the migratory water birds.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual responsibility to facilities a regular inspection by the Wildlife Department to ensure that the process of construction does not cause any hindrance to the migratory birds.

7.3.1.5 Socioeconomic, Cultural and Archaeological Issues

The socioeconomic cultural and archaeological impacts can be:- I. Disturbance to existing services: education, health, electricity, water supply or signboards. II. Aggravation of any disputes on land ownership. III. Aggravation of any tribal tensions and local rivalries on disputes on canal water on aquatic life. IV. Any need for land acquisition. V. Access to other construction materials. VI. Adverse effects on known archaeological sites. VII. Chance finds VIII. Dealing with chance finds. IX. Dealing with graveyards or burials. X. Problems to Health and Safety of labour and employees on construction work and provision of safety equipment to workers on site. XI. Employment of locals on the project. XII. Possibility of spread of HIV/AIDS amongst the project labour and adjoining population. XIII. Rise in prices of essential commodities. XIV. Social reunion over the new bridge. XV. Gender Issues. XVI. Recreational facilities for public. XVII. Any spots of religious significance e.g. Mosques, Tombs and Shrines etc.

Mitigation 1. For matters pertaining to social obligation and benefits of the communities, a social Framework Agreement shall be signed by the RE with communities to

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ensure their participation and full satisfaction in matters pertaining to them. SFA shall be singed when RE is in position and the construction work is about to start. 2. All matters where contractor is involved, these should be made as his contractual obligations.

7.3.2 Operational and Management Phase

At operational phase the Project Manager shall develop a comprehensive operational and Management Manual and an effective monitoring plan. Mistakes at operational level or handling of operations by untrained staff can prove very risky and costly. Important points to be attended at operational stage are as follows: -

 Comprehensive O&M Rules as per ISO standards  Strict application of prescribed M&E plan  Continuous evaluation of design efficiencies  Understanding and training of Operational and Maintenance Manual  Annual Environmental Audit.  Regular maintenance of engineering works (mechanical as well as civil).  Staff Welfare  Continued Public consultation and feed back on that  Continued attention towards Gender issues and women consultation  LCC system to run upto its design capacity and not beyond  Refresher Training Courses for operational staff

7.3.3 Socio-economic Impacts on the overall Project Area

In ultimate analysis the impacts of project on social and economic activities in the Project area will be mostly positive. Salient economic benefits of the project are: -

 Boost to agriculture through ensured and enhanced irrigation water by way of conveying water to tails, in LCC system command area.  Increased economic activity with improved transport will ensure easy marketing of agriculture produce.

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 With improved economy, there shall be further improvement in service area and opportunities for employment, education, healthcare, especially for women and children, shall improve.  Possible stimulus to other diversified economic development such as Tourism development programmes, shall be generated  Employment during construction phase shall employ and train a large number of unemployed youth. They will receive a life time benefit through skill training, capacity building and poverty alleviation. A large number of semi and unskilled workers in the project area will be hired.  Greater awareness about Health care including HIV/AIDS amongst the labour and the close by community shall be created.  At micro-level the hustle and bustle of economic activities may bring the cost of living down by making essential commodities available at cheaper rates. This combined with higher incidence of employment will bring the poverty line and crime rate much lower.

However salient adverse impacts shall be: - The only adverse impact of the project is the acquisition of private land and tree cutting which will be handled by implementation of the LARAP and EMP properly and well in time.

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8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

8.1 INTRODUCTION

This document provides an overall approach for managing and monitoring environment and social related issues and describes the institutional framework and resource allocations proposed by the Punjab Irrigation Department to implement the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the New Khanki Barrage project (NKBP).

During the EIA process mitigation measures have been identified to minimize the adverse environmental impacts of the project and keep it within acceptable limits. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been developed to effectively implement the monitoring and mitigation measures identified in the EIA. ADB places strong emphasis on the preparation of EMPs during project processing and on setting out conditions and targets to be met during project implementation. The EMP has been prepared in conformity with Asian Development Bank’s Safe Guard Policy Statement (2009).

8.1.1 Objective of Environmental Management Plan

An Environmental Management Plan provides a mechanism to address the adverse environmental impact of a project during its construction, to accelerate project benefits, and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. The objectives of the EMP are to:  Define the responsibilities of the project proponents, contractors, construction, supervision consultants and environmental monitors;  Facilitate the implementation of the mitigation measures identified in the EIA;  Define a monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters;  Provide a procedure for timely action in the face of unanticipated environmental situation; and  Identify training, requirements at various levels.

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8.1.2 Regulatory Requirements and Applicable Standards

8.1.2.1 National Regulatory Requirements

General

This section provides an overview of the policy framework and national legislation that applies to the proposed Project. The Project is expected to comply with all national legislations besides Asian Development Bank’s Safe Guard Policy Statement (2009). The EIA has been conducted in pursuance to all relevant Policies, laws and guidelines. These include primarily Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997. Pakistan IEE and EIA review regulations (2000), Safe Guard Policy Statement 2009. Synopses of relevant laws and guidelines are provided in this section. The key regulatory requirements, in the context of environmental protection, applicable to the project under Pakistan legislation are listed in Table-8.1

Table-8.1: Applicable Regulatory Requirements (Environmental)

Instrument Requirement Action Environmental Makes it mandatory for the An EIA meets the regulatory Protection Act of project proponents to carry requirements was prepared by the Pakistan, 1997 out an environmental consultants and submitted to the impact assessment and Pakistan Environmental Protection incorporate environmental Agency (PEPA) on 2009 & 2011. and social mitigation actions as part of the project planning. Makes it illegal to discharge The design specifications of the any effluent or emission in project ensure that the relevant violation of the National components will meet this Environmental Quality requirement. Standards (NEQS). Land Acquisition Act, Makes it mandatory that The process of land acquisition and 1984 any land acquisition by the compensation will be governed by the government should follow Land Acquisition Act 1894 between the process laid out in the the government and the private land act for fairness and owner.

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transparency. The resettlement Action Plan will be prepared and implemented well before the start of the construction work. The preparation of the RAP is under process. Sindh Wildlife Makes it illegal to undertake There is no protected area near the Protection, any project activity inside a New Khanki Barrage Project (NKBP). Ordinances Sindh, protected area (national 1972 part, wildlife sanctuary, or game reserve). Antiquities Act, 1975 Makes it illegal to undertake No project activity has been planned any construction work within within 60 m of a protected site. 200 ft. (60 m) of a building, Construction of the structures will be site or monument protected limited within the river bed. During under the Act. construction, the Contractors will ensure that the prescribed distance is maintained from the sites in the proximity of the construction site. Not disturbed. Requires that the The Contractor will be required to stop Department of Archaeology work if any archaeological artifact is and Museum, Government found during construction. The of Pakistan should be Department of Archaeology and informed if any Museum, Government of Pakistan will archaeological artifact is be contacted for further action. found during excavation.

8.1.2.2 ADB Procedures

Requirements on Sector Loan Project In compliance with the ADB Environmental Assessment Guidelines (Manila, 2003), the environmental assessment of sector impacts is required to ensure the cumulative impacts of all the known or unknown subprojects are assessed prior to loan approval. A sector EIA report has been prepared for the Project, which undertake an assessment of total impact of all subprojects to be financed.

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The second challenge for the environmental assessment and review of sector loans is to provide an efficient mechanism for environmental assessment of each subproject. If an environmental assessment is undertaken at the sector level, it should be possible to streamline the environmental assessment of individual subprojects. ADB's requirements for IEE/EIA of sample subprojects are also important. The specific results of the sample IEE/EIAs are very useful in determining the appropriate level of environmental assessment requires for all subprojects to be financed under the loan.

Environmental Assessment Requirements The Environmental Assessment is carried & prepared as per the recommended ADB format. ADB requires the EIA for Category A and IEE for Category B Sensitive projects, once prepared, reviewed, accepted and cleared by the ADB staff, and relevant regulatory agencies, be fully disclosed to the public worldwide as well as to the local communities 120 days prior to the Board of Director meeting for review and approval of the projects. All public concerns, queries, comments and objections received within this period should be appropriately and satisfactorily addressed, responded or resolved prior to the Board meeting for final loan approval.

8.1.2.3 Status of Regulatory Clearances

An EIA was submitted by the PMO to the Pak-EPA on November, 2004.The Pak- EPA reviewed the environmental and social documentation to determine the scope and locations of the hearing(s). According to the regulatory requirements, The EPA has to hold mandatory public hearings for the project and publish a mandatory 30-day Notice for Public Hearing in the national/local papers prior to providing the environmental clearance. As per requirement for NOC of EIA given in the EIA of Khanki Barrage Construction Project, Public Hearing was conducted under section 12 of Environmental Protection Act, at canal rest house Kalabagh Headwork’s on February 26, 2005. After the successful public hearing, the EPA issued the NOC on dated July 5, 2005. After revalidation the EPA again issued the NOC on dated 2009. EIA has been submitted to EPA to enhance the validity of NOC till 2014.

8.1.3 Components of the EMP

The EMP has the following components.  Organizational structure; roles and responsibilities

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 Mitigation Plan  Environmental monitoring plan  Emergency response and contingency plan  Communication and documentation  Change management  Environmental training  Capacity development  Waste Water Management  Waste disposal plan  Restoration and Rehabilitation

The above mentioned components will be followed in the construction of new Khanki Barrage. These components, as per requirements will be incorporated into various contract documents and agreements needed for the implementation of the project. The components include brief description of the environmental aspects of the project activities, listing of mitigation measures, reporting on types of non-compliance with respect to EIA or Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and EPA conditions of approval expected during implementation of the project, checklists for identification of non-compliances and format for environmental issues tracking report.

8.2. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND RESPONSIBILITIES

This section provides institutional arrangements for environmental management during the proposed activity and defines the roles and responsibility of the various Organizations/departments.

8.2.1 Management Approach

The responsibilities of different organizations/departments are summarized below:

8.2.2 Project Management Office (PMO)

The overall responsibility for the implementation of Environmental Management Plan rests with the Head PMO of the Project Management Office (PMO) along with the assistance of Environmental Sociology Unit (ESU) of PMO. The ESU consists of Director Environment/Social, Deputy Director Environment, Deputy Director Sociology, Deputy Director Resettlement/Development Assistance and Deputy Director Communication. The Director Environment & Social and Deputy Director

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Communication are not yet appointed but in near future they will be selected through proper recruitment procedure.  PMO will ensure that contractor and supervision consultants appoint a dedicated environmental officer and allied staff. PMO will also ensure that all environmental personnel are authorized to implement the environmental & social policies and requirements of the EMP.  ESU will also coordinate with relevant government departments and stakeholders on concerned environmental & social issues.  ESU will inspect and monitor residual impacts of the project and record documentation of the impacts during the project.  ESU will also inspect the significance of impact in case of unanticipated change in the project.  Any major change in the project shall be reported to ADB before its execution.

8.2.3 Contractor

The contractor responsible for execution of construction activities will be responsible for environmental protection through his/her environmental field staff. The contractor is subject to environmental protection liabilities under environmental laws of the country, project EIA/EMP provisions and under their contract with Irrigation Department (ID). The contractor shall also be responsible for communicating environmental & social information and training of staff in all aspects of the EMP.

8.2.4 Construction Supervision Consultants Construction supervision consultants will hire an environmental monitoring and evaluation specialist to monitor the environmental performance of the contractor and the environmental impacts of the project activities.

 PMO will ensure that consultant’s team has an unhindered access to all relevant documents, persons and places to enable it to perform function smoothly.  This environmental monitoring and evaluation specialist will prepare daily, monthly, quarterly, annually and final reports for submission to PMO.

8.2.5 Organizational Structure

The organizational structure of the Project Management Office for the construction of New Khanki Barrage Project (NKBP) is shown below in Fig- 8.1.

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The organization chart for Environment Management/ Monitoring implementation is shown below in Fig-8.2

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PROJECT ORGANIZATION

Head PMO / Project Director

Barrages Review Cell (Working under Member Infrastructure Development in P&D Deptt.)

Social & Finance Procurement Engineering Environmental Unit Unit Unit Unit

Director Director Director Director Technical / Dy. Technical / Dy. Director Director Social & Finance Procurement & Contract Admin. Project Director Project Director Mechanical Environment (Jinnah) (Khanki)

Dy. Dy. Dy. Dy. Dy. Dy. Dy. Dy. Senior Dy. Dy. Director Dy. Dy. Dy. Dy. Resettlement Director Manager System Director Director Director Director Director Director Mechanical Director Director Dev. Director Director Director Director Specialist Sociology Proc. Contract Technical Technical Mech. Engr. Comm Admin Analyst Finance M & E Claims Electrical (Khanki) Env Asst. / Contracts (Jinnah) (Jinnah) (Khanki) (Jinnah) (Jinnah) (Jinnah) (Khanki) (Khanki) Restt

Asst. Asst. Accts Asst. Design QAC Design Material Mechanical Electrical Programme Director Director Accts Officer Director Engr. Engr. Engr. Engr. Engr. Engr. Coordinator Mech. Electrical Officer (Jinnah) M & E (Jinnah) (Jinnah) (Khanki) (Khanki) (Khanki) (Khanki) Barrages Review Cell (Jinnah) (Jinnah) (Khanki) P & D Department

Dy. Programme Coordinator Barrages Review Cell P & D Department

Posts for Khanki Barrage Unit.

Fig - 8.1: Organization structure of PMO

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Secretary to Government of Punjab Irrigation and Power Department

Head

Project Management Office

Environment Unit Construction Supervision Contractor Consultants

Environment Officer / Director Environment/Social Environment Team Specialist

Deputy Director Deputy Director Environment Sociology

Deputy Director Deputy Director Communication Resettle. /Develop. Assistance

Fig – 8.2: Organization Chart for Environment Management / monitoring implementation

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8.3. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION PLAN

This section outlines the potential impact of construction works on the physical, biological, and socioeconomic environment of New Khanki Barrage. It also provides a corresponding mitigation plan that focuses on countering the project’s adverse environmental effects, and assigns responsibility for implementing these measures.

8.3.1 Corridor of Impact All construction activities will remain confined within the river. However, Situations in which construction works will extend beyond the existing include:  Establishing construction campsites and batching plant  Borrowing soil material from temporarily acquired land  Construction and dismantling of Coffer Dam  Quarrying aggregate material  Constructing haul tracks in order to transport construction material, etc.  Construction of new L.C.C and Head regulator.  Construction of new Khanki Barrage located 900 feet downstream of the existing barrage;  Dismantling of Old Weir  Tree Cutting

8.3.2 Mitigation Plan The mitigation plan is a key component of EMP. This section outlines the potential impact of construction works on the physical, biological, and socioeconomic environment and their associated mitigation measures as already identified in EIA report of the construction of new Khanki Barrage. It also assigns responsibility for implementing these measures. Now the guidelines for the implementation of mitigation plan indicated in EIA of Khanki Barrage will cover:  Lists of only those mitigation measures which will be directly covered by the environmentalist and not those mitigation measures which are covered under civil or mechanical work.  The person(s) responsible for ensuring the implementation of the measures  The parameters to be monitored for the effective implementation of measures  A time scale for the implementation of measures to ensure that the objectives of mitigation plan are fully met

The Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan for the activities likely to have a direct impact on the environment is presented in Table – 8.2.

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8.3.3 Social Development Assistance

Assistance in Infrastructure Development In addition to construction of new Khanki Barrage, the following development works will also be carried out in the project area, to further enhance the project benefits for the local communities: 1. Rehabilitation/construction of mosque at the Barrage. 2. Development of a public park at the Barrage (left-bank, upstream). 3. Establishment of a Basic Health Unit at the Barrage Colony. 4. Rehabilitation and up gradation of Government Girls Primary School at the Canal Colony. 5. Rehabilitation and up-gradation of Government Boys Primary School at the Canal Colony. 6. Provision of Natural Gas to the Irrigation Colony 7. Provision of a telephone exchange (200 lines) 8. Rehabilitation/Reconstruction of approach road to the Irrigation Colony The above works, implemented by PMO, are not likely to cause any significant environmental or social impacts, nor any cumulative impacts, in view of their nature and small scale.

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TABLE – 8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION PLAN Sr. # Component Description Impacts Mitigation Measures / Actions 1. Borrow area Borrow Material: Soil erosion; 1.1 Ensure that photograph are taken of borrow area before start of the for extraction Soil excavation from Loss of fertile excavation. of earthen the designated area soil; 1.2 The contractor has to extract the material from the specified and demarcated material. of the site will be Decrease land borrow areas only. Construction required for the productivity; 1.3 Ensure that contractor obligation define in contract document and SFA are and construction of obstruction in followed dismantling coffer dams. The natural 1.4 No agricultural land will be used as a borrow area. of coffer borrowing areas drainage; 1.5 If agricultural land is used as borrowing area then the land will be removed dams identified are PID’s dust pollution; /restored by the contractor and follow the following steps land, mostly waste Damage to i. Excavation of borrow areas is as per instructions of the Supervision land and are spoil aquatic life Consultant’s environmentalist. banks of old L.C.C.. ii. Remove first 15cm top soil and keep it on site to re-spread after Construction of completion of the excavation. coffer dam will be iii. Excavation of the earth fill be limited to an approximate depth of 90cm as limited within the compared to adjacent leveled fields. river bed. The area iv. Stabilized the slope during the excavation. belongs to irrigation v. Top soil has been spread back during restoration process. Department. 1.6 Contractor to get the approval from ESS before start of the construction and dismantling of the coffer dams. 1.7 Ensure that the surface drainage is provided to control the surface run off during rainy season. 1.8 Ensure that the movement of excavating machinery and vehicles is limited to the work area. 1.9 Ensure that regular water sprinkling carry out during executing of excavation to mitigate the dust pollution. 1.10 Ensure that erosion protection measures are taken, such as retaining wall and avoidance of steep cuts. 1.11 Detailed checklist for Management and Monitoring of Borrow area will be established 1.12 Ensure that the Borrow areas are levelled and top soil restored. 1.13 Ensure the dismantling of coffer dam may be done in a way to minimize the water turbidity.

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Sr. # Component Description Impacts Mitigation Measures / Actions 2. Waste It has generally Soil and water 2.1 Ensure that the site selected for waste disposal is demarked before starting generation been observed that contamination the work (waste could be disposed on: (1) left bank downstream of the and disposal at completion of ; barrage adjacent to the Govt. employ colony near the road). construction the obstruction in 2.2 Ensure the colony must be shifted to new place before start of the waste material is natural construction of the new Khanki Barrage. dumped at the site drainage; 2.3 Ensure that all the waste generated from different locations must be disposed without proper obstruction of off according to the Waste Disposal Plan. planning. The community 2.4 Ensure that photographs of selected area are taken prior to and after the material from the paths; waste disposal. coffer dams will be aesthetic 2.5 Ensure that all trucks used for the transportation of waste construction in significant problem material will be airtight and watertight. quantity and will 2.6 Ensure that Contractor obligations defined in contract document and Social require proper Framework Agreement (SFA) are followed. disposal site. 2.7 Ensure that the movement of waste lifting machinery and vehicles is limited to the work area. 2.8 Ensure that waste material is properly disposed off in a manner that does not affect the natural drainage. 2.9 Ensure that the dumping area has been levelled properly after disposal of waste material. 2.10 Ensure that: material suitable for recycling stored separately in three bin system and sold; the combustible waste burnt at burn pit only; non- combustible, non-recyclable garbage sent to the designated landfill site in an area; medical waste if any transported to any hospital incineration plant; solid residue from the septic tanks transported to municipal sewage facilities at Wazirabad and District Gujranwala; and the contaminated soil sent to burn pit or landfill. Minimize smoke emissions from the burn pit by managing the quantity of waste to be burnt at one time. 2.11 Ensure that construction of burn pit must be quite away from the labour camp and work area. The Medical & other hazardous will not be disposed off in the burn pit.

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Sr. # Component Description Impacts Mitigation Measures / Actions 3 Relocation of If, happen contamination 3.1 Ensured that the contractor change the location of all things mentioned under camps, contractor of soil and heading “component’ according to the obligations defined in the EIA and SFA. material and obligations are water; 3.2 Ensured that new locations for camps, material and assess roads are special defined as per SFA soil erosion; environmentally friendly and socially acceptable. approaches agreement and resource 3.3 Ensured that no private land is acquired for new location for amenities. routes and contract documents consumption ; roads Change in land use and land form;

4 Dust, smoke A lot of machinery Ambient air 4.1 Ensure that all equipment, generator and vehicles used during the project are and other consisting of quality ; properly tuned and maintained in good working condition, in order to minimize potential bulldozers, dumpers Health the exhaust emissions pollutants generators and hazards; 4.2 Ensure that dust emissions due to vehicular traffic are minimized by reduced from vehicles will be used Ecstatic speed, vehicular traffic minimized through good journey management and construction during the values water sprinkling when required. machinery construction phase. 4.3 Ensure that dust emissions at the construction sites are minimized by This construction implementing good housekeeping and sound management practices. machinery will 4.4 Ensure that strict standard for maintenance of construction machinery should generate lot of dust, be observed by the contractor. smoke and other potential pollutants in the air. Using strict standards for maintenance of construction’s machinery and sprinkling of water can be minimized

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Sr. # Component Description Impacts Mitigation Measures / Actions 5 Establishme There is ample PID Change in 5.1 Ensure that the sites for camps and other site facilities are approved by the nt and land available land use and supervision consultants/PMO, and no private land is used for this purpose. operation of around the project land form; 5.2 No involuntary land acquisition will be carried out (otherwise, a Resettlement labor camps, area for the contamination Action Plan (RAP) will be prepared). material and contractor’s camp of soil and 5.3 Photographic record to be maintained to record the baseline condition before equipment and work shop. So water; establishing the caps/other facilities. yards and no private land will soil erosion; 5.4 Ensure that camp size is as per standard specifications. approach be acquired for the resource 5.5 Ensue that washing areas are demarcated and water from washing areas and roads. construction of consumption; kitchen is released in sumps. these facilities. Additional 5.6 Ensure septic tanks of appropriate design have been used for sewage load on local treatment and outlets are released into soak pit after being monitored through facilities/utilitie a certified laboratory.. s such as 5.7 Ensure that the outlets released into sumps must not make a pond of stagnant schools, water. hospitals, 5.8 Ensure that septic tanks and soak pits are the engineered design. electricity and 5.9 Ensure that sumps are in absorbent soil, down slope and away from the water supply. camp, downstream from the camp water source and above the high watermark of any nearby water body. 5.10 Ensure that effective drainage is in place at the site. 5.11 Contractor to make assessment of existing sewerage and drainage system in the barrage colony and carry out renovation / expansion works in consultation with PID. 5.12 In case of emergency spills, standard operating procedures should be developed and followed. 5.13 Fuel wood will not be used in the camp or in the field. 5.14 Fuel and water consumptions will be recorded. 5.15 Contractor to ensure that the local facilities/utilities are used in a manner not to negatively affect the local communities/existing consumers. 5.16 Ensure that temporary wall or fencing is constructed/ fixed along the road near the settlement in the vicinity of labour camp and batching plant.

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Sr. # Component Description Impacts Mitigation Measures / Actions 6. Construction New roads may Soil erosion; 6.1 The moving machinery should remain within the project boundary. of new require providing the Blockage of 6.2 All sections of the access tracks that are prone to dust emission and where Access access to the natural sensitive receptor are located within 500 m should be identified and marked Roads and contractor’s facilities drainage; on the map of the project area. rehabilitation i.e. batching plant, dust emission; 6.3 Ensure that the access tracks which are prone to dust emissions and marked of Existing material yard, labour Hindrance in on the map should be maintained by water spraying daily. Roads camp etc. There is movement; 6.4 After completion of construction work all the damaged roads / tracks will be ample PID land loss of natural restored by the Contractor, as it is included in Contractor’s obligations defined available on site for vegetation; in contract document. these facilities Loss of trees 6.5 Ensure that gravel is dumped only on locations allowed by ESS and dumping therefore no private safety hazard of gravel does not result in blocking of traffic or damaging vegetation. land acquisition for 6.6 Ensure that construction corridors along the access roads are marked on requires for these communities; map. facilities. Damage to 6.7 Ensure that the access roads do not block the natural drainage and culverts For the public are constructed where necessary. rehabilitation/wideni infrastructure; 6.8 Ensure that surface run-off controls are installed and maintained so as to ng of existing roads; cumulative minimize erosion. no land acquisition impacts of 6.9 Ensure adherence to the speed limit of 40 km/hr at the access roads. is required. Project. 6.10 Ensure that the access roads does not block the natural drainage and culverts The general mobility are constructed where necessary of both local and 6.11 Ensure that vegetation clearing is minimized and no trees are felled without residents and their prior permission of ESS. Compensatory tree plantation will be carried out if livestock as well as any trees are felled. If the cutting of more than 100 trees at one place is the operators of involved, then the Contractor will consult Forest/Wildlife Departments prior to residence business cutting of these trees. and their clientele in 6.12 Ensure that the alternative route is designed on the basis of the traffic survey and around the conducted by the contractor. construction area is 6.13 Ensured that contractor does the tree plantation along both sides of the road likely to be hindered. according to the tree plantation plan. Unchecked speeding may cause human and livestock injuries and fatalities as a result of highway accidents.

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Sr. # Component Description Impacts Mitigation Measures / Actions 7 Dismantling The old Khanki weir Blockage of 7.1 All the structure above same elevation (714.00) will be removed in the fourth of Old will be dismantled road traffic; year of construction after completing the construction of new barrage. existing soon after the disruption of 7.2 The Contractor will be responsible for preparation and seeking approval of the Headworks. commissioning of works at the Traffic Management Plan at least one month prior to start of dismantling work. New Khanki Barrage other project 7.3 Ensure that contractor prepared the dismantling and disposal plan and got and that for doing sites; approval from the ESS of Consultant before start of the work. this the contractor safety 7.4 Ensure that no blasting material will be used for the dismantling of the old will adopt a hazards Headworks. technology Dust Pollution; 7.5 Ensure that dismantled material i.e. debris of concrete and stone masonry will acceptable to the Noise be disposed of in depression located on the left side down stream of the Project emission barrage. Management. Damage to 7.6 Ensure that dust emissions due to vehicular traffic are minimized by reduced A special aquatic life. speed, vehicular traffic minimized through good traffic management and water Dismantling Plan cumulative sprinkling when required. formulated by the impacts of the 7.7 Contractor obligation is to use appropriate and fit machinery keeping noise contractor under the two projects levels & emissions are within NEQS. guidance and 7.8 Ensure periodic monitoring to verify the above (7.7). supervision of ESU 7.9 The dismantling of barrage may be done in a way to minimize the water & turbidity. Environments/Social Experts of the SC will, in fact, ensure the solution of related problems, viz. noise pollution during dismantling of the huge steel and stone structure, debris transportation

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Sr. # Component Description Impacts Mitigation Measures / Actions 8 Construction The new L.C.C Blockage of 8.1 The Contractor shall be responsible for preparation and seeking approval of of new Head regulator will road Traffic; the Traffic Management Plan at least one month prior to start of construction L.C.C., Head be constructed just Blockage of work Regulator, above the new natural 8.2 Ensure that gravel is dumped only on locations allowed by ESS and dumping High level Khanki barrage in drainage; of gravel does not result in blocking of natural drainage or damaging channel and the new pond area Dust Pollution; vegetation. bridge. to pass the flow in Hindrance in 8.3 Ensure that dust emissions due to vehicular traffic are minimized by reduced the canal. The movement; speed, vehicular traffic minimized through good traffic management and water bridge over the new loss of sprinkling when required. LCC head regulator natural 8.4 Ensure that the alternative route is designed on the basis of the traffic survey will be built to pass vegetation conducted by the contractor the traffic. and trees; 8.5 Ensure that the owner of the private land is fully compensated through proper Loss of land implementation of the RAP and the RAP implementation must be done before and crops; the execution of the project. Noise 8.6 Contractor obligation is to use appropriate and fit machinery keeping noise emission levels within NEQS. 8.7 Ensure that vegetation clearing is minimized and no trees are felled without prior permission of ESS. Compensatory tree plantation will be carried out if any trees are felled. If the cutting of more than 100 trees at one place is involved, then the Contractor will consult Forest/Wildlife Departments prior to cutting of these trees. 8.8 Ensure that implementation of the tree plantation plan must be done during the construction period of the project. 8.9 Ensure that the contractor will keep monitoring and maintenance of the planted tree during his period of contract. 8.10 Ensure documentation/record of planted trees.

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Sr. # Component Description Impacts Mitigation Measures / Actions 9 Construction The construction Soil and water 9.1 Ensure that the maintenance of vehicle and other equipment takes place only activities; machinery includes contamination in designated areas underlined with concrete slabs and a system to collect handling of cranes, trucks, ; runoff in to safe containers. fuels, loaders/ dumber and safety hazard; 9.2 Ensure that no contaminated effluent is released in to the environment. lubricants batching plants will damage to 9.3 Ensure machinery wash and other potentially contaminated effluents are and be used during the crops; released in safe containers. chemicals construction period. air 9.4 To avoid the chemical and oil spills in storm water runoff such materials There are chances contamination should be properly stored. of contaminating of ; 9.5 Ensure that fuels, oils, and other hazardous substances are handled and the land due to noise stored according to standard safety practices such as secondary containment. release of emissions; Fuel tanks should be labelled and stored in impervious lining and dykes etc. contaminated damage to 9.6 Ensure spills are avoided during fuel and oil transfer operations. Appropriate effluents, accidental natural arrangements, such as concrete base or drip pans, should be used to avoid spill, leaks, run of vegetation, spills. from the material habitat and 9.7 Ensure fuels, oil and chemical storage are daily checked for leakage. storage yard etc. wildlife 9.8 Ensure that shovels, plastic bags, sand bags and absorbent materials, are kept available near fuel and oil storage areas. 9.9 Ensure that vehicle refuelling is planned on need basis to minimize travel and chance spills. 9.10 Ensure that operating vehicles are checked regularly for any fuel, oil, or battery fluid leakage. 9.11 Ensure all effluents be treated and disposed off through approved methodology.

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Sr. # Component Description Impacts Mitigation Measures / Actions 9.11 Ensure that leak /spill record is maintained for each vehicle and such vehicles are operated after proper repair. 9.12 Soil contaminated by minor spill (covering an area up to 1 m² and 7.5 mm deep) will be collected and disposed-off. 9.13 Ensure that soil contaminated by moderate spills or leaks (up to 200 liters) is controlled using shovels, sand and mud. The contaminated soil will be removed from the site and disposed-off through approved contractors. Major spills (exceeding 200 litres) will be handled and controlled by specialized contractor as suggested in waste disposal plan of EIA report of Khanki barrage. 9.14 In case if the agriculture land/crops are damaged by the construction activities, proper compensation will be paid to the owner by the Contractor. 9.15 If during the construction activities, any archeological or religious sites (such as graves) are found, these will be protected, in consultation with PMO, the relevant communities and the concerned Departments. 9.16 Ensure that dust emissions due to vehicular traffic are minimized by reduced speed, vehicular traffic minimized through good traffic management and water sprinkling when required. 9.17 Ensure that dust emissions at the construction sites are minimized by implementing good housekeeping and sound management practices. 9.18 Using strict standards for maintenance of construction machinery and sprinkling of water, dust and smoke can be minimized. 9.19 Ensure that all equipment, generators and vehicles used during the construction are properly tuned and maintained in good working condition in order to minimize the emissions. Vehicular emissions will be monitored, reported & documented. 9.20 Contractor obligation is to use appropriate and fit machinery keeping noise levels within NEQS. 9.21 Ensure prohibition of use of vehicle horns anywhere inside the fenced areas or on the access roads. 9.22 Ensure that drivers are discouraged from keeping vehicles running in parking lots. 9.23 Ensure the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) wherever required (Safety gloves, safety boats, goggles, ear plugs/muffs, etc.)

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Sr. # Component Description Impacts Mitigation Measures / Actions 9.24 Fuel consumption will be recorded. 9.25 Ensure that during aligning the access roads, and other construction activities, minimum vegetation is lost. If any tree is uprooted, ensure that the Contractor has planted at least three fold of trees lost. 9.26 After completion of construction phase the vegetation of the area should be restored through plantation of the indigenous species. 9.27 Adequate water supply to riverine floral habitat should be maintained during construction phase of the project. 9.28 Ensure camp waste/food waste is disposed in such a way that animals are not attracted. 9.29 Natural habitats should be maintained to the maximum extent and undue interference should be avoided during construction phase of the project. 9.30 Sighting of any endangered species should be documented and activities should be carried out to reduce negative impacts on such species. 9.31 Contractor’s staff should be strictly prohibited from buying any wild animals/birds. 9.32 Ensure that discharging firearms is not allowed. 9.33 Ensure that safe driving practices are observed so that the accidental killing of reptiles or small animals crossing the roads could be avoided. 9.34 Ensure that damage to the natural topography and landscape is minimized. 9.35 Ensure that the no-hunting, no-trapping, no-harassing and no-fishing policy is strictly observed. 9.36 Ensure that the general awareness of the crew is enhanced regarding the wildlife and natural vegetation, through environmental training, and notices boards. 9.37 The construction and dismantling of coffer dam may be done in a way to minimize the water turbidity. 9.38 Planning, designing and execution of the project should be carried out through adopting proper mitigation measures to conserve aquatic life. Ensure that no oil/lubricant or other toxic materials are released into the river.

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Sr. # Component Description Impacts Mitigation Measures / Actions 10 Installation Land Requirement: Soil, air and 10.1 Ensure that no private land is used for installation of the batching plant. and Ample PID land is water 10.2 Ensure that location of batching plant must be at least 500 meters away from operation of available near contamination the settlement. batching barrage to establish ; 10.3 Ensure that batching material is stocked on specified area in compliance with plant batching plant. So safety hazard specifications of installation of batching plant. no private land is for 10.4 Ensure that the batching plant is installed with emission-control mechanism. required for the communities; 10.5 Ensure that batching plant does not contaminate the soil and water, or block installation of natural drainage. Batching Plant. 10.6 Ensure that the location of the batching plant is such that the wind direction Raw material for the may be away from the settlement. construction work 10.7 Ensure that land contamination from the batching plant, during transportation mainly include and dumping of the waste fresh concrete is controlled through careful working cement, sand, of the Contractor’s crews to avoid spillage of concrete and dumping of waste aggregate, steel, concrete on private land. Carry fresh concrete in suitable lorries. water lubricants, fuel and additives. The material will be stock pilled at the area provided by PID near the batching plant. Wind direction While installing the batching plant the direction of the wind should be consider. 11 Electric & No impact on the No impact on 11.1 If anything goes wrong due to this activity then it is the contractor Mechanical water resources the water responsibilities to mitigate the impact by using good engineering. Works resources

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TABLE – 8.3: SOCIAL IMPACT MITIGATION PLAN

Component Description Impacts Mitigation Measures / Actions 1 Land The land used for Involuntary 1.1 All sites except construction of new L.C.C., required for construction activities, acquisition deliverables and resettlement; camps, offices and workshops are owned by PID, and no private land other project loss of assets acquisition is envisaged. activities has two and income 1.2 In case private land acquisition has to be undertaken, a RAP will be prepared, parts. The biggest opportunities; in accordance with the ABD guidelines and RPF agreed under the project. portion of land used damage to 1.3 Ensure RAP must be implemented before start of the construction activities at for the construction crops; Barrage. of New Khanki damage to Barrage is state- trees owned and the other are 36 acres land belonging to private farmers which will be acquired officially in order to construct new L.C.C for supplying water to the command areas.

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Component Description Impacts Mitigation Measures / Actions 2 Water The contractor will Water 2.1 Avoiding wastage of water through conservation techniques and selection of consumption require water for shortage for adequate water supply sources, ensuring no impact on local consumptions. sprinkling the earth the local 2.2 Record will be maintained for water consumption. material for communities; 2.3 Ensure that community is compensated for the water extracted from the compaction. For this Social conflict community area aquifers. purpose river water 2.4 Ensure water consumption for domestic use is monitored at camp site and will be used. aquifer/well. Preparation of 2.5 Ensure that Contractor obligations defined in contract document and Social concrete at the Framework Agreement (SFA) are followed. batching plant would need water free from sediments and high salt concentrations, particularly sulphates. Ground water will meet this requirement. Therefore contractor will install tube well at the site to meet this. 3 Interruption During the No impact No mitigation measure is required. of canal construction of new water supply Khanki Barrage and

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Component Description Impacts Mitigation Measures / Actions new L.C.C the supply of water in the old L.C.C will not be interrupted. 4 Social issues The construction Local 4.1 Ensure that conflicts with village leaders and local communities are avoided. site is for away from conflicts; 4.2 Ensure that women are informed through traditional means of communication the human privacy of of the presence of foreigners (if any) in their area. settlements. Local women 4.3 Ensure that individuals holding titles to private property used in the project (if population will not any) are compensated in accordance with the market rates and all payments disrupted from the are recorded. contractor activities 4.4 Ensure that focus group meetings are conducted with both men and women to identify any water related and other issues related to project implementation. 4.5 Ensure that PMO representatives visit the site twice a month and gather complaints from Social / Environment Complaints Management Register and provide feedback to the concerned on the compliance status. 4.6 Ensure that project staff interaction with local community is minimized. 4.7 Ensure that guidelines are prepared and implemented to sensitize labourers to local norms and customs in order to minimize cultural tensions. 5 Public health Settlement being Safety hazard 5.1 The contractor will develop and implement a Health, Safety, Environment and and safety located far of from for local Social (HSES) plan. issues the site, there will be population; 5.2 Due precautions shall be taken by the Contractor, to ensure the safety of his no safety and health health hazard staff and labour and, in collaboration with and to the requirement of the local hazards for the local for local authorities. population. population 5.3 Ensure that medical staff headed by qualified medical doctor, first aid

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Component Description Impacts Mitigation Measures / Actions However there will and project equipment and stores, sick bay and suitable ambulance service are available be significant safety staff at the camps, housing, and on the site at all times throughout the period of the and health hazards contract and that suitable arrangements are made for the prevention of for the work force, epidemics and for all necessary welfare and hygiene requirements. particularly for the 5.4 Ensure no machinery is left unattended in the project area. people working on 5.5 Ensure that a proper ambulance (preferably a four-wheel-drive vehicle should the repair/ be available at site on 24- hour basis). renovation of gates 5.6 Ensuring that all materials, gears and equipment (including personal and hoists and protective equipment) needed to carry out the job safely has been provided to installing electric the workers. equipment under a 5.7 Ensure that employees have access to running potable water at their place of condition of full work and also shadow area is provided for rest. impoundment of the 5.8 Ensure that use of horns is prohibited, except when necessary. barrage pond. The 5.9 Ensure all entry points into construction sites are staffed 24 hours a day. safety hazards are 5.10 Ensure that safe driving practices are adopted, particularly while passing also involved at the close to settlements. This includes a speed limit of 40 km per hour if passing blasting site for the within 100 m of settlements anywhere in the project area. rock excavation 5.11 A proper screening of labour should be done at the time of recruitment. Ensure that periodic awareness campaigns for HIV/AIDS are undertaken for the project staff. 5.12 Ensure that a risk assessment of the spread of HIV/AIDS is undertaken in the project area on the basis of data from the Punjab HIV/AIDS program. 6 Employment The project will open Local dissent 6.1 Ensure that maximum employment may be given to the local people. opportunities new job associated 6.2 Ensure that inter-tribal balance is maintained when giving employment to the opportunities which with influx of local population. Preference to be given to the people directly affected by the

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Component Description Impacts Mitigation Measures / Actions the local population workers from project. could avail. other parts of 6.3 Ensure project staff interaction with local community is minimized. Contractor will hire the country skilled and unskilled labour force from the local communities. ID may request the contractor to hire labor from the local communities. 7 Aesthetic/ The 7.1 Carry out complete restoration of the construction sites. Remove all waste, scenic construction debris, unused construction material, and spoil from the worksites. quality. activities 7.2 Develop a public park at the Barrage to increase its value for the could affect communities. the aesthetic / scenic value of the area

The old Khanki weir will be dismantled soon after the commissioning of New Khanki Barrage Project and construction of new L.C.C that for doing this the contractor will adopt a technology acceptable to the Project Management. A special Dismantling Plan formulated by the contractor under the guidance and supervision of ESU & Environments/Social Experts of the SC will, in fact, ensure the solution of related problems, viz. noise pollution during dismantling of the huge steel and stone structure, debris transportation, debris dumping etc.

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8.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN This section provides a Monitoring plan that identifies the roles and responsibilities of Project staff involved in environmental and social monitoring, and lists the parameters that will be used in the monitoring process.

8.4.1 Objectives The main objectives of the pre-construction and construction phase monitoring plans will be to:  Monitor the actual project impact on physical, biological and socio-economic receptors.  This will indicate the adequacy of the EIA.  Recommend mitigation measures for any unexpected impact or where the impact level exceeds that anticipated in the EIA.  Ensure compliance with legal and community obligations including safety on construction sites.  Monitor the rehabilitation of borrow areas and the restoration of construction campsites as described in the EMP.  Ensure the safe disposal of excess construction materials. The main objectives of monitoring during the operation phase will be to:  Appraise the adequacy of the EIA with respect to the project’s predicted long term impact on the corridor’s physical, biological and socio-economic environment.  Evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures proposed in the EMP, and recommend improvements in the EMP, if necessary.  Compile periodic accident data to support analyses that will help minimize future risks.  Monitor the survival rate of canal side, road & barrage plantations.

8.4.2 Monitoring The monitoring will be carried out at two levels: At the first level, the contractor (for the mitigation measures given in Tables - 8.4 and PMO (for the infrastructure development works) will carry out internal monitoring to ensure that all the environmental and social requirements are adequately implemented. At the second level, ESS of the Supervision Consultants and ESU will monitor the implementation of the environmental and social mitigation measures. Appropriate checklists and forms will be developed for this purpose.

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8.4.2.1 Effects Monitoring The actual impacts on physical, biological and socio-economic receptor of the project area due to project activities will be monitored. The Effect Monitoring is done to identify any effects either not anticipated in EIA or exceeding the level anticipated in the mitigation plan so that appropriate mitigation measures can be adopted in time. The common theme of Effect Monitoring is the proper management of environmental risks and uncertainties. The Effect monitoring has four Objectives:

 To verify that the impact of the proposed project is within acceptable limits, thus establishing credibility.  To facilitate research and development by documenting the effects of the proposed project that can be used to validate impact- predication techniques and provided a basis for more accurate prediction of future impact.  In case of adverse impacts or sudden changes in the anticipated impacts immediately inform the PMO and other regulatory agencies so that the corrective can be taken such as modification of mitigation measures and inclusion of additional measures  To minimize the effects control the timing, location and level of certain project activities The effect-monitoring plan is given in Table-8.4. Improvement of the detailed methodologies for effect monitoring will be included in Consultants scope of work. The effect monitoring includes the monitoring of land, water, air noise wildlife and socio-economic and cultural aspects.

8.4.2.2 Compliance Monitoring: Compliance with the requirement of EMP will be checked by monitoring the activities of the contractor on daily basis by the environmental specialist of the consultants. The objectives of EIA compliance monitoring will be:  Systematically observe the activities undertaken by the contractor in the civil and mechanical works.  Verify that the activities undertaken are in compliance with the EIA and other conditions identify by PMO and PID.  Documents and communicate the observations to the concerned persons in PMO so the corrective action, if required, can be taken timely.  Maintain a record of all incidents of the environmental significance and related action and corrective measures.  Prepare periodic reports of the environmental performance of PMO and its consultant and contractor.

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 Develop an environmental issue tracking system for an effective monitoring and ensuring that all environmental concerns are identified and addressed in a timely manner. The Mitigation Measures Implementation plan will be used as a management and monitoring tool for compliance monitoring. Inspection will be done using checklists, samples of which are attached at the end of this section as (Annexure 1, Table - 2). The remaining checklist will be developed by the environmental specialist of the Construction. Supervision Consultants on the basis of mitigation plan. The responsibility of compliance monitoring is laid on all organizations such as PMO, consultants and the contractor.  PMO ‘s ESU will be environmental implementer / coordinator  Environmental team of Construction Supervision Consultants will be field monitors

8.4.2.3 Post-Project Monitoring:

The objective of this monitoring will be to determine the level of residual impact of the project on physical, biological and socio-economic receptors of the project area. This monitoring may be carried out within one month of the end of project activities. Post – project monitoring is included in effects monitoring, discussed above. After the construction work a detail inspection by consultant and ESU, PMO of the area will be conducted to verify that proper restoration work if done and photographic evidence of the restoration work will be taken. It is also anticipated that additional inspection will be required in response to any complaints by local communities. So another two visits per quarter may be budgeted for M&E Units. All officers concerned with M&E shall prepare their own M&E Implementation Plans for information of all concerned. All M&E units shall be given optimal mobility and flexibility to implement their M&E implementation plans.

List of indicators: will be used to monitor the environmental performance of the project. The indicators may include the specific measures that must be taken. These are, for example:

 Revision of the EMP annually

 Compilation of all operating documents twice a year

 Closure on SFA before the start of contractor mobilization.

 Timely appointment of all environmental staff by contractor and supervision consultants before the implementation of contract. PMO environmental staff is already appointed

 Mid-term review of the environmental performance of the project

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8.4.2.4 Third Party Monitoring / Environmental Audit Annually. The PMO will engage a third party monitor to do the environmental audit annually during the construction period. Three periodic audits will be carried out; one at preconstruction stage, the second will be carried out during the construction and third at post construction stage. The firm’s terms of reference will define a clear work plan, including monitoring indicators, and reporting structures and timelines. The PMO will provide the necessary logistical support to facilitate the selected firm in Environmental audit. The Parameters, frequency, responsibility and mitigation measures for monitoring have been described in Environment Monitoring Plan (EMP) in Table 8.2.

Table 8.4: Effects Monitoring Plan

Monitoring Frequency of Sr. # Description Monitoring Parameters Location Measurement CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. Ambient air quality Barrage, batching NOx, SOx, CO and Quarterly

plant site, labor Particulate matter (PM10). camp site and borrow areas. 2. Quantity and quality Camp site and 1 km Water table depth, Quarterly of ground water away from the camp discharge, physical- used for domestic site. chemical parameters, purposes. biological contamination, heavy metals and toxic organic compounds. 3. Quality of surface At source of surface pH, EC, SAR and RSC Quarterly water used for water used. construction activities 4. Emission of dust, Construction sites, Dust, smoke, gases Throughout smoke and potential campsite, access construction air pollutants from roads, borrow areas. phase the construction machinery. 5. Visual check for Construction sites, Visible emissions. During routine exhaust emissions campsite, access monitoring. from the vehicles. roads, borrow areas. 6. Visual check for Construction site, Type and number of tree At the beginning vegetation loss campsite, access species uprooted. of construction roads, borrow area. activities. 7. Noise Construction site, Noise measurement Once a week camp site, access throughout the roads, communities construction within 500 m of phase.

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Monitoring Frequency of Sr. # Description Monitoring Parameters Location Measurement construction site. 8. Soil erosion Construction site, Visual observations for During routine campsite, access street or rill/gully erosion. monitoring of roads, borrow area. entire project activities especially after rains. 9. Resources Project site. Quantity of material used Daily during utilization including water and fuel construction phase 10 Solid Waste On camp site and Any sign of soil or water Daily during Generation Construction site. contamination; whole construction phase 11. Wastewater Camp site, offices, Waste water generation To be generation colony and rate, integrity and determined construction site. maintenance of the septic through water tanks and soaking pits, any management sign of soil or water techniques. contamination 12. Oil Waste Spills Oil storage area, Facilities to control the Daily during vehicle washing accidental oil spill as per oil construction lines; any other spill spill contingency plan; any phase area. sign of soil or water contamination 13 At Project Local people recruited for During Socioeconomic Locations; all manual labour and other construction Issues Settlements jobs for which local skill are phase available; grievances of and conflicts with communities;

CONSTRUCTION PHASE 14. Monitoring of Fish Immediately fish survey; Throughout the upstream and effectiveness of the fish construction downstream of ladders. phase Khanki Barrage. 15. Monitoring of water Khanki Barrage and Water flows. Also vigilance Throughout the flows in the river various location in on any water thefts in construction and LCC the L.C.C. particular during low flow period periods 16 Monitoring of All project sites, All environmental and Throughout the cumulative impacts social parameters such as construction soil erosion, soil/water period contamination, noise, air

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Monitoring Frequency of Sr. # Description Monitoring Parameters Location Measurement contamination, vehicular traffic, local resource utilization, and other impacts on communities. OPERATION PHASE 1. At all project Restoration and At the end of the Restoration locations rehabilitation as per construction (construction sites, Restoration Plan phase camp sites, offices, tracks and others) 2 Surface Water Upstream and Flows, pH, conductivity, quantity and Quality downstream of the TSS, TDS, BOD and COD Barrage, at the same locations where design- and construction-phase monitoring was done 3 Water sources used Physical- chemical Once in pre and Ground water for construction parameters, heavy metals post monsoon Quality purposes and dug and toxic organic season for 2 wells within 1 km compounds. years. from wastewater mud ponds (if any). At the same location where construction- phase monitoring was done 4. Soil Erosion At project sites and Visual After site along the aligned observations. restoration. borrow areas; at locations prone to soil erosion. 5. Habitat Disturbance Within the project Visual Observation. At the end of the boundaries. construction phase 6. Compensatory tree According to the tree Survival rate of tree Twice in a year plantation plantation plan. saplings for three years.

8.4.3 Grievance Redress System A Grievance Redress System (GRS) will be established by the PMO to handle the community complains received from the complaints. Under this mechanism, a Grievance Redress Cell (GRC) will be established. GRC will be headed by the HPMO; others members will include the Deputy Director (Environment), Deputy

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Director (Sociology), the Deputy Director (Social Assistance), the SS of the Supervision Consultants, Executive Engineer Irrigation at site, one Sub Divisional Officer, a representative of local administration, the supervising engineer, and a representative from the local communities. The sub-divisional officer will be the key grievance redress officer. The project will establish a Project Information Centre at the Barrage site and a community complaints-management register (CCMR) will be placed there for logging complaints and grievances. All written and oral grievances will be recorded in the Register. The information recorded in the register will include the date of the complaint and particulars of the complainant; a description of the grievance; the follow-up action required; the person responsible for implementing the action; and a target date for its completion. Affected communities and their representatives will be identified during the project preparation stage. The ESU will work towards resolving the grievances recorded in the CCMR in conjunction with the Supervision Consultant within seven calendar days. After this deadline, any unresolved issues will be forwarded to Irrigation Department.

8.4.4 Reporting Structure and Outcomes

8.4.4.1 Data Recording and Maintenance. All forms to be used for recording information during the environmental monitoring will follow a standard format which will correspond to the data base in to which all the gathered information will be placed. Check boxes will be used as much as possible to facilitate data entry. A tracking system will be developed for each form. A comprehensive system will be established to store the environmental and social data of the project.

8.4.4.2 Storage of information The database may include Training programs; Staff deployment; Non-compliance; Corrective actions; List of environmental data and List of environmental data to be maintained: Soil and land pollution; disposal of excavated silt and earth disposal of waste water resource ;quality quantity fuel oil and chemical spills; vegetation record and record of wildlife :Noise pollution ;Air and dust pollution and Socio-economic data .

8.4.4.3 Meetings. These will include the kick-off meeting, and daily/weekly meetings. The main focus of these meetings will be EMP and RAP compliance, non-compliances, and the measures to be taken to address them.

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8.4.4.4 Photographic record. A comprehensive photographic record will be maintained of the key locations and key events of the project.

8.4.4.5 Social complaints register The consultants ‘ environmental team will maintain a social complaint register at camp site office to document all complaints received from the local communities, the register will also record the measures taken to mitigate these concerns. The final report will be communicated to ESU of PMO

8.4.4.6 Change record register: This will be maintained at a site to document any change in the project design. These changes will be handled through the change management mechanism if any. The final report will be communicated to ESU of PMO

8.4.4.7 Reporting Overall, progress reporting will be the responsibility of each contractor who will provide inputs to the Supervision Consultant to be collated and submitted to the ESU of PMO. The Supervision Consultant will be responsible for submitting a monthly, quarterly, annually and final environmental/social report. The Supervision consultant’s monthly progress report will include the following environmental information:

 Contract-wise breakdown of environmental non-compliances and rectification by the contractor.  The results of monitoring environmental and social parameters carried out by the contractors.  In addition the environmental specialist of the SC will prepare a quarterly report encompassing environmental concerns and submits to the ESU of the PMO. The list of distribution reports is given in Table-8.5 . Table - 8.5: Periodic Reports Report Timing Prepared by Reviewed Distribution by Daily Environmental team of Reviewed by Resident the Construction PMO ESU. Engineer -- Supervision Consultants PMO Monthly Environmental team of Reviewed by Resident the Construction PMO Engineer

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-- Supervision ESU. PMO Consultants ID Department ADB

Quarterly Environmental team of Reviewed by Resident -- the Construction PMO Engineer Supervision ESU. PMO Consultants ID Department EPD ADB Annually Environmental team of Reviewed by Resident the Construction PMO Engineer -- Supervision ESU&. EPD PMO Consultants ID Department EPD ADB Change Environmental team of Reviewed by Resident Management the Construction PMO ESU. & Engineer -- Supervision EPD PMO Consultants ID Department EPD ADB Final Environmental team of Reviewed by Resident -- the Construction PMO ESU. Engineer Supervision PMO Consultants ID Department EPD P&D ADB

8.4.5 Communication Strategy Effective communication between the project agency and its stakeholders helps build trust and collaboration which in turn contributes to better project design and speedy implementation. To this end, stakeholder consultations were conducted during the project design and planning stage and while conducting the EA studies, as discussed in Section 5 of this document. The need to continue these consultations and communication with the stakeholders particularly the local communities during the project construction phase cannot be understated, and the success of the project can only be guaranteed by involving all the stakeholders - especially the farming communities in the saline zones, as the inhabitants of these areas are totally dependent on the continuous water supply for

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irrigation and household purposes - in this consultation and communication process. During the construction phase, it is very important to consult and involve stakeholders, on an on-going basis, to ensure liaison and a high degree of transparency among all the policy makers, PID/PMO, contractor, consultants, the farming community and the media. Each of them will be encouraged to provide feedback on the design and implementation processes. To meet the above needs, a Communication Strategy has been developed for the proposed project. The lessons learnt from the Taunsa experience have proved invaluable in developing this Strategy. The key objectives and functions of the strategy are: to provide mechanism for two-way communication and consultations between the project personnel and the stakeholders, particularly the farmers in the command area; and to provide necessary information to the farmers and other stakeholders on the key project activities such as canal closure, to receive their feedback in this respect, and to adjust the construction activities/schedule accordingly, where possible/necessary. ESU will be responsible to implement the Strategy, and the Deputy Director (Communications) will be appointed in the Unit for this purpose (See Figure 2).

Communications Methods The following communication methods will be used as part of the Strategy: a) Involvement of policy makers. PMO will initiate a series of direct communication measures to inform and involve the policy makers including the concerned Ministers, Members of the National Assembly (MNAs) and Members of the Provincial Assembly (MPAs). This can be achieved by making presentations to them and holding briefing sessions with them on a regular basis. They will be invited to participate in the consultation process to ensure transparency and to gain public support for the project. This will be carried out simultaneously with the mass media campaign. b) Communication through Numberdars of village and Imam Masjid (Muslim prayer leader). Since Numberdars and Imams are also closely associated with the villagers, the project information can also be disseminated to the communities through them. c) Communication through PRSP. Being the project NGO, PRSP will also disseminate the project information, including schedule of the annual canal closure, to the communities, and obtain feedback from them, through its own communication mechanism. d) Communication through media: The print and electronic media are very effective means of mass communication, and have a vast reach among all potential project

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partners. The project will carry out a media analysis, as part of the Communication Strategy, to assess the reach and effectiveness of different publications, television and radio stations among the various target audiences, and to develop the most efficient and effective media campaign for the project. f) Involvement of IPD: IPD provides services to the farming community through its functionaries (Zaildars and Canal Patwaries). The issues regarding irrigation water of farming community are initially resolved through these functionaries. They will also be involved in the dissemination of information to the farmers and obtaining their feedback regarding the matters

8.5. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE This section describes the outcome of the public consultation sessions held with different stakeholders/groups that may be impacted by the project. The consultation process was carried out in accordance with the) Asian Development Bank’s Safe Guard Policy Statement (ADB’SPS). The process of the public consultation proceeded as follows: -  Meetings with regional and local officers of PID Government of Punjab.  Semi-structured interaction held with communities on old and new barrage sites and around.  Public Hearing through EPA Punjab to get the maximum participating role for the members of public. (To be done at the convenience of EPA Punjab after submission of the drafts EIA report).

8.5.1 Meeting with local and regional officials. Phase –1: A series of meetings were held with local and regional officials (See the list of officials contacted in Table 8.6. below)

Table – 8.6: List of Officials Contacted

Sr. No. Officials Contacted Title 1 Mr. Shahid SaIEEm EX-En. Khanki Headworks Chaudhry 2 Mr. Shafiq Ahmed SDO Headworks Khanki 3 Mr. Khadim Hussain Sub Engr Headworks Khanki 4 Mr. Abdul Ghaffar Sub Engr. Khanki 5 Mr. Arshad Ahmed Jamadar Khanki Headworks 6 Mr. Ijaz Ahmed Sounding Mistry, Khanki Headworks 7 Mr. Nasar Ahmed Head Boatman Khanki Headworks

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8 Mr. Nasrullah Regulation, Khanki 9 Mr. Muhammad Riaz Boatman Khanki 10 Mr. Muhammad Riaz Naib Jamadar, Khanki 11 Mr. Ghulam Rasool Artificiar, Khanki 12 Mr. Muhammad Anwar Beldar, Khanki 13 Mr. Liaqat Ali Regulation Beldar, Khanki 14 Mr. Muhammad Aslam Guage reader, Khanki 15 Mr. Muhammad Asif Fish watcher, Khanki Bharoke 16 Mr. Nazar Muhammad Wildlife Inspector, Khanki Ratta 17 Mr. Raza Ahmed Khan Ex-En RE Shadiwal Power House 18 Mr. Naseem Ahmed Khan SDO Shadiwal Power House 19 Engr. Bashir Zahid JE, PRO Electrical, Shadiwal Power House 20 Engr. Muhammad Anwar Lengah, JE, PRO water, Shadiwal Power House

Meetings with officials provided multiple and diverse objectives such as:  Provided a forum for the initial definition of critical environmental and social issues.  Established their interpretation, as official stake-holders, the key sector development issues and linkages to the environmental and social development.  Confirmation of the suitability of initial list of communities selected for consultation.  Facilitation of Field Work.

8.5.2 Meeting with Local Communities

Phase –2: Involved the undertaking of a programme of semi-structured discussion with communities in the project area of influence. This programme included both community discussion and discussion with women (through women organizers). Some of selected members of the public in New Khanki Barrage area, who were interviewed, are listed below: (See Table 8.7).

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Table – 8.7: Member of Public in Khanki Barrage Area Interviewed

Sr. No. Name Village 1 Arshad s/o Nazar Muhammad Wadhan Nathu Kote 2 Nasir s/o Nazar Muhammad Wadhan Nathu Kote 3 Muhammad Riaz s/o Muhammad Bashir Wadhan Nathu Kote 4 Muhammad Afzal s/o Ch. Bahawal Bukhsh Jut Nathu Kote 5 Gul Hussain s/o Nawab Nathu Kote 6 Muhammad Anwar s/o Bashir Ahmed Basiana Numberdar Nathu Kote 7 Muhammad Bashir s/o Khushi Muhammad Machchi Nathu Kote 8 Shaukat Ali s/o Muhammad Ali Jutt Kahloon Kot Kahluan 9 Alta Muhammad s/o Khushi Kot Kahluan 10 Muhammad Yousaf s/o Muahammad Islam Din Rajpoot Kot Kahluan 11 Mehdi Hussain s/o Amir Ali Rajpoot Kot Kahluan 12 Nasrullah s/o Abaidullah Hanjra Kot Kahluan 13 Mian Javed s/o Faiquir Ahmed Hanjra Kot Kahluan 14 Muhammad Afzal s/o Mian Khan Kot Kahluan 15 Muhammad Malik s/o Bahawal Bukhsh Kot Kahluan 16 Muhammad Aslam s/o Muhammad Hanif Kot Kahluan 17 Manzoor Huassian s/o Rehmat Khan Cheema Kot Kahluan 18 Nazir Ahmed s/o Rehmat Khan Cheema Kot Kahluan 19 Liaquat Ali s/o Muhammad Nazir Cheema Numberdar Kot Kahluan 20 Muhammad Ramzan Cheema Kot Kahluan 21 Shabbir Hussain s/o Muhammad Shafi Cheema Rattowali 22 Atta Muhammad Numberdar s/o Rehamt Ali Waraich Rattowali 23 Ghulam Nabi s/o Sardar Muhammad Jutt Rattowali 24 Muhammad Akram s/o Nawab Cheema Rattowali 25 Muhammad Ejaz s/o Atta Muhammad Rattowali 26 Muhammad Ashraf s/o Nazar sahi Rattowali 27 Syed Maqbool Hussian Shah s/o Usool Hussian Shah Rattowali 28 Hassan Mehmood s/o Sardar Cheema Rattowali 29 Muhammad Ashraf s/o Ghulam Haider Rattowali 30 Muhammad Anwer s/o Muhammad Khan Cheema Rattowali 31 Ramzan S/O Mian Khan Rattowali 32 Muhammad Ashraf s/o Ali Muhammad Machi Rattowali 33 Muhammad Irshad s/o Hayat Muhammad Rattowali

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Sr. No. Name Village 34 Muhammad Sadiq s/o Mian Khan Rattowali 35 Muhammad Riaz Cheema Churri Mar Gorali 36 Muhammad Javed Wadhan Gorali 37 Muhammad Anwer Jhammer Gorali 38 Irsah Shah Syed Gorali 39 Syed Masoom Shah Gorali 40 Muhammad Tufail Waraich s/o Ghulam Haider Waraich Gorali 41 Nazir Ahmed s/o Rehmat Khan Cheema Khanki 42 Abdul Majeed s/o Nawab Khan Cheema Khanki 43 Atta Muhammad Cheema Khanki 44 Muhammad SaIEEm s/o Ghulam Qadir Waraich Khanki 45 Muhammad Aslam s/o Muhammad Hussian Cheema Khanki 46 Muhammad Hanif s/o Ibrahim Araeen Khanki 47 Haji Zahoor Hussain Shah Thathi Baluch 48 Chaudhry Rasool Ahmed Arain Kot Imam Bakhsh 49 Chaudhry Tariq Duraji Shadiwal 50 Chaudhry Muhammd Sharif Sandu Kot Manj Din

The semi structured meeting with community representatives, in and around the project area achieved the following objectives:-  Elimination of the scare that the canals will remain closed during the construction of the barrage for about four years. It was clarified that due measures will be taken that canals would run as per usual programme and canal closure will take place only under the notified canal closure programme as follows:

Name of Canals : Lower Chenab Canal (LCC) Status of Canals : Perennial Period when Canals would run : Throughout the year except for notified maintenance closure Period of Canal Closure : January 13 to January 31 for repairs and maintenance (adjustable)

No change would be made in the existing capacity of canals, so no effect shall be impacted on the canal command area. It could be explained that project aimed at replacing the old and out dated model of weir with a new and modernized barrage one and not to change the capacity of the barrage or increase or decrease the capacity of

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the L.C.C. system or cause any change in the pond level or change the stated scope of the project.  Elimination of the fear that for contractor’s labour camp Material Depot, Machinery Yard, access roads and work site, any private agricultural lands shall be acquired or occupied. It was noted that state did not possess a healthy record regarding payment of compensation. It was reported that lands were occupied immediately but compensation was delayed for generations. It was clarified that no private land would be required at all for the new barrage, labour camp, material depot, machinery yard, access roads or work basis. With the help of a map it was shown to the community that adequate Irrigation Department land and link roads existed to accommodate all the requirement. No private agricultural land shall be acquired or occupied for the contractor facilities but for construction of new L,C,C about 17 Acres of land would be acquired. For this the resettlement Action Plan will be prepared and implemented well before the start of the construction work. The preparation of the RAP is under process..  Settled down the concern that the workers and Iabour will be brought by the Contractor from outside the project area and an opportunity of employment, generated by Khanki Barrage shall be availed by people from other areas. The community gathering was informed that it had been put as a condition in the Tender Document as well as the Contract Document that maximum employment shall be offered to the local labour/workers. On their question as to how much would be the local employment, they were given the following illustrative numbers.

Table – 8.8: Employment Opportunities in the Construction of New Khanki Barrage Project

Sr. No. Category Approximate Total Minimum Parentage Number of Local Labour 1. Skilled Labour 200 Open. As much as available locally 2. Semi-Skilled 300 50% locally Labour 3. Un-skilled Labour 1,500 100% locally Total 2000 80% local

The community expressed their satisfaction on the proposed arrangement.  Fisherman community expressed their concern that after construction of Marala and Qadirabad barrages the fish in Khanki pond and downstream had markedly

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decreased. They feared that high level of construction activity and noise level generated by new barrage will further disturb the Fish. They were informed that the construction activity will be restricted close to the Barrage about 900 m below the existing headworks. The fish is mostly in calm water behind the spurs. Their fishing activity shall continue as per rules of he Fisheries Department. Further to that two fish ladders would be built to facilitate the fish migration.  Question was posed by the community that presence of some 2000 male members of labour from general locality of project will not only restrict the chances of women employment, but also cause moral and social problems for a free movement of local women-folk in the area. It was clarified that strict discipline would be exercised on the labour force by providing stringent clauses in the contract document and also in SFA.. To cull out the possibility of any moral issues or HIV/AIDS spread, a well-organized campaign shall be run. And if some women were interested in working on the project, they would be most welcome, on equal opportunity basis without any gender discrimination.  With heavy project traffic on the main and link roads, there is higher likelihood of road accidents. It was clarified that due and necessary training of drivers and security guards would be adapted to exclude possibility of road accidents. Efforts would be made that the work is generally restricted to day light hours when possibility of road accident is lesser. Road safety shall further be beefed up with good traffic control guards, a bold set of sinology an efficient wireless communication between field commanders and the drivers.  A fear was expressed that with the arrival of about 2000 additional persons, the prices of commodities in construction site and adjoining markets would go up, and price index would go unfriendly for the local villages. It was clarified by some trade oriented people within the community that instead of rise in price those would fall because larger market activity reduces the profit margin, and thus the prices. General discussion on this point ended up in favour of the trade oriented group.  The following points came up in open acceptance of the project:  Greater employment opportunity was most welcome.  Greater economic activity will alleviate poverty.  Old Khanki Weir would be replaced. The new barrage will give a new boost to dependent agriculture in Rachna Doab.  Present level of services i.e. electricity, communication, schooling, water supply etc., is likely to improve with the construction of a bridge across Chenab.  Roads in general will improve.

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 Diversification of the opportunity of employment will help the fishermen to get employed on this project which will compensate them for loss of fishing activity.  The new bridge will bring in greater cultural reunion and reinforce the marketing activity. All the above points would be reflected in Social Framework Agreement (SFA) between the local community and the PID as and when the project is commissioned for construction. The detail about the disclosure and public hearing is given in the main EIA report of Khanki Barrage.

8.6. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING PLAN An environmental and social trainings and technical assistance (TA) program will help to ensure that the requirements of the ESIA, EMP and RAP are clearly understood and followed by all project personnel. The primary responsibility of providing these trainings to all project personnel will be that of the contractor and Supervision Consultants. The trainings will be provided to different professional groups separately such as managers, skilled personnel, unskilled labors, and camp staff. An indicative training program is given in Table 6. The PMO will engage an international technical assistance (TA) consultant to manage the environmental training program. The objective of the TA will be to help establish appropriate systems, and to train senior PMO staff responsible for managing environment, operations, and planning, who can then impart training at a broader level within and outside the PMO (i.e., the training of trainers). The TA consultant will organize foreign and in-country training courses for PMO staff; train PMO staff in specialized areas such as air and noise pollution modeling; develop environment operation manuals in consultation with the PMO D/DD. In addition to the training arranged and imparted by the TA consultant, the supervision consultant will train the staff working under the project’s contractors and the PMO’s Deputy Project Coordinator, in environmental compliance and the daily monitoring of construction projects. The cost of this training will be included in the budget of services provided by the supervision

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Table – 8.9: Training Program

Staff Trainer Contents Schedule Selected field staff of ESU Specialists; ESS of Environmental and social Before PMO the Construction aspects, particularly construction Supervision Consultants sensitivities of the project; activities Key finding of the ESIA, EMP and RAP; Social and cultural values of the area; Leadership dynamics. All site personnel ESS of the Construction Environmental and social Before and Contractor: Supervision Consultants aspects, particularly the during Managerial staff, sensitivities of the project; construction engineers, Wildlife and vegetation stage Environment, social, related sensitivities of the health and safety staff. project; Consultants: Key finding of the ESIA, Managerial staff and EMP and RAP; Mitigation engineers measures; Contingency plan; Community issues; Social and cultural values of the area Construction crew ESS of the Construction EMP; RAP; Before and Supervision consultants; Waste disposal; HSES during Environmental and Social plan construction Officers of the contractor stage Drivers Environmental and Social HSES plan; Road safety; Before and Officers of the contractor Road restrictions; during the Vehicle restrictions; construction Defensive driving; Waste disposal; Social and cultural values of the area. Mechanics Environmental and Social Waste disposal; Before and Officers of the contractor HSES plan; during the Vehicle restriction construction Camp staff Environmental and Social HSES plan; Before and Officers of the contractor Camp operation during the Waste disposal construction Natural resource conservation Housekeeping Restoration team ESS of the Construction Waste disposal; Before the Supervision consultants; Site restoration; start of the Environmental and Social Leveling and dewatering restoration Officers of the contractor of borrow area activity

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8.7. CHANGE MANAGEMENT An environmental assessment of the proposed project has been made during the preparation of EIA. However it is possible that change in project design or during /execution may be required when the project is implemented. This section describes the mechanism to handle Changes that might affect the project environmental impact. The changes in the project design may be:

First Order Change is one that leads to a significant departure from the project described in the EIA such change in location, design of the project. The project will be submitted to EPA for approval of change.

Second Order Change is one that is not significantly different from those described in the EIA such as; . Increase in project personnel by 25% . Changes in the documentation and communication, stakeholders consultation program

Third Order Change is one that is of little consequence to the EIA findings, such as; . Re-aligning a particular section of road to avoid cutting tree Changes in the EMP The possible categories of changes have been discussed above. The changes in the project design or result of the environmental monitoring may necessitate changes in the EMP. In this regard the following actions will be taken: . Bidding between PMO, contractor and consultants representatives. . Based on the discussion during the meeting a change report will be produced collectively which will include the additional EMP clauses. . A copy of the report will be sent to the head offices of PMO, the Contractor and the Consultants. . All relevant project personnel will be informed of the additions. These additions will be reported in the Consultants monthly environmental reports. . Midterm review of the EMP to review any changes that might affect the project environmental impact.

8.8. ESTIMATED COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT The total cost of the environmental and social management of the proposed project is about 11.100 million Rupees. This includes the cost of environmental and social cost , environmental and social trainings ,tree plantation, waste disposal plan , emergency response plan, traffic management plan, third –party monitoring. Cost estimates of

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mitigation and other environmental management measures are summarized in Table – 8.10. All these costs have been incorporated into the project budget.

Table 8.10: Cost Estimates for Environmental Management

Sr. # Item Rs. In million 1 Water sampling & testing 0.200 2 Air sampling & testing 0.200 3 Purchase of Noise meter 0.050 4 Purchase of DO meter 0.100 5 Purchase of EC meter 0.020 6 Maintenance of equipment 0.030 7 Traffic Management 0.100 8 Tree plantation 1.000 9 Waste Disposal 0.500 10 Waste water Treatment 0.500 11 Environment Audit 1.200 12 EHS Training 2.000 13 Timber plant (Eucalyptus) compensation 5.000 14 Plants of ornamental & historic value 0.200 Total 11. 1

Note: The land, crop losses, structures and some private tree costs are covered under the LARP which is under preparation.

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ANNEXURE -1 Checklists TABLE - 1 CHECKLIST FOR CAMP SITE Description Status Notes Is the camp layout according to the design Yes documents? No Has the campsite been selected in consultation with Yes the consultants’ environmental team No Have the photographs been taken to record the pre Yes camping conditions? No Are there any settlements within 500 meters of the Yes campsite No Has the camp been established in the existing Yes clearings / designated area? No Was the hunting, fishing, or capturing wildlife, or Yes discharging fireman avoided No Was the harassment or pushing of wildlife avoided Yes No Has any vegetation been cleared? Yes No If yes, is the vegetation loss significant? Yes No If yes, have mitigation measures been discussed and Yes agreed? No

Has any trees felled? Yes No Has the topsoil been removed and stored separately? Yes No Have the trees or bushes been burnt? Yes No Have bushes been disposed of in a water body or dry Yes streambed? No Has the natural drainage been disturbed or blocked? Yes No Has the septic tank been built for sewerage? Yes No

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Has the sump been built for wastewater disposal? Yes No Has the sump been built in absorbent soil? Yes No Has the sump been built down-slope from the camp? Yes No Is the sump covered, in order to reduce access of Yes insects and animals? No Do the fuel storage facilities have adequate Yes secondary containments arrangements in case of No leakage or spilling? Is the concrete pad has been constructed for fuel, oils Yes and other chemical liquid transfer No Is the firefighting equipment available near fuel Yes storage area/ No Is the fuel storage downwind and down slope of the Yes camp? No Is there any other combustible or flammable material Yes in the fuel storage area? No Are the fuel tanks properly marked with their Yes contents? No

Note: Signature Date ESU Consultants’ Environmentalist

Contractor’s Environmentalist

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Table - 2 Checklists for Construction Work Site Description Status Notes Is the construction site layout is according to the Yes design documents? No Has the construction site selected in consultation with Yes the consultants’ environmental team No Have the photographs been taken to record the pre- Yes construction conditions? No Are there any settlements within 500 meters of the Yes construction No Has the construction site been established in the Yes existing clearings or designated site No Does the temporary diversion channel built per Yes specifications No Was the hunting, fishing, or capturing wildlife, or Yes discharging fireman avoided No Was the harassment or pushing of wildlife avoided Yes No Was the disposal of waste material in the protected Yes area avoided No Has any vegetation been cleared? Yes No Yes If yes, is the vegetation loss significant? No

Yes

No If yes, have mitigation measures been discussed and agreed?

Has any trees felled? Yes No Has the excavated earth / silt disposed of properly? Yes No Does the borrowed earth used for filling meet the Yes specifications No Has the natural drainage been disturbed or blocked? Yes No

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Has the sump been built for wastewater disposal? Yes No Is the sump covered, in order to reduce access of Yes insects and animals? No Do the fuel storage facilities have adequate Yes secondary containments arrangements in case of No leakage or spilling? Is the concrete pad has be constructed for fuel, oils Yes and other chemical liquid transfer No Is the firefighting equipment available near fuel Yes storage area/ No Is the fuel storage downwind and down slope of the Yes camp? No Is there any other combustible or flammable material Yes in the fuel storage area? No Are the fuel tanks properly marked with their Yes contents? No

Note: Signature Date ESU Consultants’ Environmentalist

Contractor’s Environmentalist

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Table - 3 Checklists for Borrow Areas Description Status Notes Is the borrow area is marked according to the design Yes documents? No Has the borrow been selected in consultation with the Yes consultants’ environmental team No Have the photographs been taken to record the pre Yes camping conditions? No Are there any settlements within 500 meters of the Yes borrow area No Has the access roads been established in the existing Yes clearings / designated area? No Has any vegetation been cleared? Yes No If yes, is the vegetation loss significant? Yes No If yes, have mitigation measures been discussed and Yes agreed? No

Has any trees felled? Yes No Have the trees or bushes been burnt? Yes No Has the natural drainage been disturbed or blocked? Yes No Has the borrow area been fenced to avoid animal Yes access and human safety No Is there proper mechanism to control dust pollution? Yes No Does the borrowed earth used for filling meet the Yes specifications No

Note: Signature Date ESU Consultants’ Environmentalist

Contractor’s Environmentalist

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Table - 4 Checklists for Access Roads Description Status Notes Has the Access roads selected in consultation with Yes the consultants’ environmental team No Have the photographs been taken to record the pre- Yes construction conditions? No Are there any settlements within 500 meters of the Yes construction No Has the access roads been established in the existing Yes clearings or designated site No Was the harassment or pushing of wildlife avoided in Yes establishment of access roads No Has any vegetation been cleared? Yes No Yes If yes, is the vegetation loss significant? No

Yes

No If yes, have mitigation measures been discussed and agreed?

Has any trees felled? Yes No Has the compacted gravel topping provided access Yes roads No Has the excavated earth / silt disposed of properly? Yes No Do the access roads have sufficient width? Yes No Do the diversion signs and required signs boards placed on the access roads

Note: Signature Date ESU Consultants’ Environmentalist

Contractor’s Environmentalist

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Table 11: Environmental Issues Tracking Report

Tracking Log Source Location Issue Action Responsibility Target Completion No. Date Required date Status

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9. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

9.1 GENERAL

The stakeholder or affected people’s concerns, complaints and grievances about the project environmental performance will be received recorded and replied in a systematic way using an understandable and transparent process that is gender responsive, culturally appropriate and readily accessible to all segments of the affected people at no cost and without retribution.

9.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

9.2.1 Management Responsibilities

Overall responsibility for environmental management will rest on PMU of the Irrigation Department, Government of the Punjab. i. The Executing Agency: PMU of Punjab Irrigation Department (PID) ii. Supervising and Monitoring: Environmental Unit of PMU. Agency iii. General Assistance to all: Head PMU/The Project Director, Irrigation above agencies in their Department will facilitate communications, respective tasks logistics and data collection as and when required. iv. Logistic Support: Head PMU/The Project Director, Irrigation Department shall provide the logistic support and shall be the focal point for the construction activity.

(i) Project Management Unit (PMU)

The overall responsibility for the implementation of Environmental management/Monitoring Plan rests with the Project Management Unit (PMU) along with the assistance of Environmental Unit (EU) of PMU. The EU consists of Director Environment & Sociology, Deputy Director Environment and Deputy Director Sociology.

PMU will assume overall responsibility for ensuring: That while executing the contract and undertaking the construction all environmental norms, regulations and requirements promulgated by Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC), Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Punjab and environmental safeguard policies of Asian Development Bank , with respect to the work site and adjacent

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areas are fully respected and implemented. Overall responsibility for implementation of EMP. Ensure that Contractor and Construction Supervision Consultants appoint a dedicated environmental officer and allied staff. PMU will also ensure that all environmental personnel are authorized to implement the socio- environmental policies and requirements of the EMP. Coordinate with relevant government departments and stakeholders on concerned socio-environmental issues. Inspect and monitor residual impacts of the rehabilitation work and observe documentation of the impacts during the construction phase. Inspect the significance of impact in case of unanticipated change in the project. Construction Supervision Consultants will assist and advise PMU in implementation of EMP. Inspect and monitor residual impacts of the rehabilitation work and observe documentation of the impacts during the construction phase. Inspect the significance of impact in case of unanticipated change in the project. Construction Supervision Consultants will assist and advise PMU in implementation of EMP.

(ii) Environment Unit (EU) of PMU

. The Environmental Unit (EU) within PMU will monitor Project performance. . The EU will function in coordination with the Construction Supervision Consultants and will receive reports from them on behalf of PMU. . EU will prepare and submit biannual Environmental Monitoring Reports to ADB.

(iii) Head PMU/The Project Director

The Project Director shall provide or arrange the logistics including communication, transport and accommodation to all visiting persons/teams experts from any of the above monitoring units and shall coordinate with the contractor(s) to facilitate the visits/inspections.

(iv) Contractor

The contractor will be responsible for implementation of the project EMP. The contractor will ensure that EMP for the project is implemented fully and must be integrated into the Project implementation and made integral part of the contract document. For any default damages so caused will be remediated by the contractor at his own cost and expenses. In case the contractor fails to rectify the damage the employer will remediate at the risk and cost of the contractor. The amount will be determined by the Construction Supervision Consultants which will be adjusted from

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amount due to the contractor. The contractor will also be responsible for communicating with and training of his staff in environmental aspects and implementation of the EMP. The contractor will develop and get approved Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Plan from Construction Supervision Consultants before the commencement of the Physical works on site.

(v) Construction Supervision Consultants

The construction supervision consultants will be responsible to ensure quality of work and fulfillment of contractual obligations. Environmental Specialist of the construction supervision consultants will ensure that all the environmental and social provisions comply with the applicable standards. He/She will confirm that the day-to-day construction activities are carried out in environment friendly manner and periodic environmental training programs and workshops are organized for the consultant’s and contractor’s staff. It would be responsibility of the Construction Supervision Consultant to submit monthly environmental monitoring report to PMU

Project Organizational Structure The organizational structure for the environment management / monitoring implementation is shown below. The role of the organization is described in exhibit 1.

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Organizational Chart for EMP Implementation

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9.3 ENVIRONMENT & SOCIAL COMPLAINTS REGISTER

The consultant’s environmental team will maintain an environment & social complaint register at camp site office to document all complaints received from the local communities. The register will also record the measures taken to mitigate these concerns. The final report will be communicated to Environmental section of PMU. The Project Monitoring team shall carry out the monitoring of the implementation of social and environmental mitigation measures as per ADB Safeguard Policy Statement. The details of Grievance Redress Mechanism related with social issues of the project are provided in the RAP.

Table 9.1 Grievance Resolution Process

Land / Crop Compensation Issues Project / Other Items Compensation Issues Complaint resolution will be attempted Complaint resolution will be attempted at at office of SDO 2. If still unsettled, a village level through GRC* in one week. 2. If grievance will be lodged to the Head still unsettled, a grievance can be referred to PMU/PD. He will redress in 10 days. court of law. d) Coordination Initiatives

The various agencies identified above need to be coordinated carefully so as to obtain effective, smooth and timely reply to all the non-compliance. Complaints & Grievances will be addressed through three different processes as described in Table 9.1 below:

∗ Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) consisting on concern SDO and DD- Environment.

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ANNEX A: FORMS AND QUESTIONNAIRES

Name of Interviewer: ------Date: ------

(a) Settlement: ------(b) Union Council: ------

(c) Tehsil: ------(d) District: ------

1. Name of Respondent ------?

2. What is your father’s name ------?

3. What is your age?

Age years 15 – 25 ------

25 – 35 ------

35 – 45 ------

Above 45 ------

4. Marital Status.

1. Married 2. Unmarried

5. What is your caste /ethnic group------?

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6. What is your language------?

7. What is your educational qualification?

Formatted: Indent: Left: -0.25", First line:

1. Illiterate 2. Primary 3. Middle

4. Metric 5. Intermediate 6. Above

8. What is your profession------?

9. What is your average monthly income?

Income Rs. Less than 5,000 ------

5,000 – 10,000 ------

10000 – 15000 ------

15,000 – 20,000 ------

Above 20,000 ------

10. What is type of your family system?

Formatted: Indent: Left -6.31 ch

1. Joint 2. Nuclear

11. Do you marry outside your tribe?

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Formatted: Indent: Left: -0.25", First line: 0" 1. Yes (Exogamy) 2. No (Endogamy)

12 What is employment status of your family members

Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.5"

1. Govt. Employee 2. Private Employee

3. Self Employed 4. Unemployed

5. Household

13 1413 What are your major sources of income

1. Agriculture 2. Cattle (meat, hides & wool)

3. Trade /Business 4. Poultry

5. General Labour 6. Milk /Ghee Selling

7. Service 8. Any other

1514 How much is your average monthly expenditure

Expenditure Rs. Less than 5000 ------

5,000 – 10,000 ------

10,000 – 15,000 ------

Above 15,000 ------

1615 What is type of ownership of your house 1. Self Owned 2. Rented

3. Free on Landlord property 4. Relative House (Free)

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1716 What is nature of construction of your house

1. Kacha 2. Pacca 3. Semi-pacca

1817 Which of the following facilities are available in your house

1. Electricity 2. Water Supply

3. Gas 4. Telephone

5. Sewerage

19 2018 What are the sources of water for your domestic use

1. Public Water Supply 2. Hand Pumps

3. Channel 4. Any other

2119 What are the sources of water for your agriculture use

1. Canals 2. Public Water Supply

3. Channels 4. Rain

5. Any other

2220 What is your Landholding

1. Cultivated Land ------2. Uncultivated Land ------3. Cultivable Waste ------4. Orchards ------

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2321 What is status of ownership of your land

1. Owner 2. Owner-cum-tenant

3. Tenant

2422 What do you grow mostly in your agriculture land

1. Wheat 2. Cotton 3. Sugarcane

4. Fodder 5. Vegetable 6. Maize

7. Fruits Orchards 8. Any other

2523 In your opinion, should this Project be implemented here

1. Yes 2. No

If yes, then reasons If no, then reasons

------

------

------

------

------

2624 In your opinion, what will be possible impacts of this road

During Construction ------

------

------

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------

------

After Construction ------

------

------

------

------

2725 What protective measures do you suggest to safeguard your interests

------

------

------

------

------

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ANNEX - B

FIRST ROUND OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION

Sr. No. Officials Contacted Title

1 Mr. Shahid Saleem Chaudhry EX-En. Khanki Headworks

2 Mr. Shafiq Ahmed SDO Headworks Khanki

3 Mr. Khadim Hussain Sub Engr Headworks Khanki

4 Mr. Abdul Ghaffar Sub Engr. Khanki

5 Mr. Arshad Ahmed Jamadar Khanki Headworks

6 Mr. Ijaz Ahmed Sounding Mistry, Khanki Headworks

7 Mr. Nasar Ahmed Head Boatman Khanki Headworks

8 Mr. Nasrullah Regulation, Khanki

9 Mr. Muhammad Riaz Boatman Khanki

10 Mr. Muhammad Riaz Naib Jamadar, Khanki

11 Mr. Ghulam Rasool Artificiar, Khanki

12 Mr. Muhammad Anwar Beldar, Khanki

13 Mr. Liaqat Ali Regulation Beldar, Khanki

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Sr. No. Officials Contacted Title

14 Mr. Muhammad Aslam Guage reader, Khanki

15 Mr. Muhammad Asif Bharoke Fish watcher, Khanki

16 Mr. Nazar Muhammad Ratta Wildlife Inspector, Khanki

17 Mr. Raza Ahmed Khan Ex-En RE Shadiwal Power House

18 Mr. Naseem Ahmed Khan SDO Shadiwal Power House

Engr. Bashir Zahid JE, PRO Electrical, Shadiwal Power 19 House

Engr. Muhammad Anwar Lengah, JE, PRO water, Shadiwal 20 Power House

Member of Public in Khanki Barrage Area interviewed

Sr. No. Name Village

1 Arshad s/o Nazar Muhammad Wadhan Nathu Kote

2 Nasir s/o Nazar Muhammad Wadhan Nathu Kote

3 Muhammad Riaz s/o Muhammad Bashir Wadhan Nathu Kote

4 Muhammad Afzal s/o Ch. Bahawal Bukhsh Jut Nathu Kote

5 Gul Hussain s/o Nawab Nathu Kote

6 Muhammad Anwar s/o Bashir Ahmed Basiana Numberdar Nathu Kote

7 Muhammad Bashir s/o Khushi Muhammad Machchi Nathu Kote

8 Shaukat Ali s/o Muhammad Ali Jutt Kahloon Kot Kahluan

9 Alta Muhammad s/o Khushi Kot Kahluan

10 Muhammad Yousaf s/o Muahammad Islam Din Rajpoot Kot Kahluan

11 Mehdi Hussain s/o Amir Ali Rajpoot Kot Kahluan

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Sr. No. Name Village

12 Nasrullah s/o Abaidullah Hanjra Kot Kahluan

13 Mian Javed s/o Faiquir Ahmed Hanjra Kot Kahluan

14 Muhammad Afzal s/o Mian Khan Kot Kahluan

15 Muhammad Malik s/o Bahawal Bukhsh Kot Kahluan

16 Muhammad Aslam s/o Muhammad Hanif Kot Kahluan

17 Manzoor Huassian s/o Rehmat Khan Cheema Kot Kahluan

18 Nazir Ahmed s/o Rehmat Khan Cheema Kot Kahluan

19 Liaquat Ali s/o Muhammad Nazir Cheema Numberdar Kot Kahluan

20 Muhammad Ramzan Cheema Kot Kahluan

21 Shabbir Hussain s/o Muhammad Shafi Cheema Rattowali

22 Atta Muhammad Numberdar s/o Rehamt Ali Waraich Rattowali

23 Ghulam Nabi s/o Sardar Muhammad Jutt Rattowali

24 Muhammad Akram s/o Nawab Cheema Rattowali

25 Muhammad Ejaz s/o Atta Muhammad Rattowali

26 Muhammad Ashraf s/o Nazar sahi Rattowali

27 Syed Maqbool Hussian Shah s/o Usool Hussian Shah Rattowali

28 Hassan Mehmood s/o Sardar Cheema Rattowali

29 Muhammad Ashraf s/o Ghulam Haider Rattowali

30 Muhammad Anwer s/o Muhammad Khan Cheema Rattowali

31 Ramzan S/O Mian Khan Rattowali

32 Muhammad Ashraf s/o Ali Muhammad Machi Rattowali

33 Muhammad Irshad s/o Hayat Muhammad Rattowali

34 Muhammad Sadiq s/o Mian Khan Rattowali

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Sr. No. Name Village

35 Muhammad Riaz Cheema Churri Mar Gorali

36 Muhammad Javed Wadhan Gorali

37 Muhammad Anwer Jhammer Gorali

38 Irsah Shah Syed Gorali

39 Syed Masoom Shah Gorali

40 Muhammad Tufail Waraich s/o Ghulam Haider Waraich Gorali

41 Nazir Ahmed s/o Rehmat Khan Cheema Khanki

42 Abdul Majeed s/o Nawab Khan Cheema Khanki

43 Atta Muhammad Cheema Khanki

44 Muhammad Saleem s/o Ghulam Qadir Waraich Khanki

45 Muhammad Aslam s/o Muhammad Hussian Cheema Khanki

46 Muhammad Hanif s/o Ibrahim Araeen Khanki

Haji Zahoor Hussain Shah Thathi 47 Baluch

Chaudhry Rasool Ahmed Arain Kot Imam 48 Bakhsh

49 Chaudhry Tariq Duraji Shadiwal

50 Chaudhry Muhammd Sharif Sandu Kot Manj Din

Third Round of Public Consultations / Disclosure Formatted: Font: Arial Village Total S. No of Main Formatted: Font: 11 pt Name/ House Population Date Expectations No Participant Concerns Venue hold

21- Construction Employment 1 Khanki 500 3500 7- 12 of Park Opportunities Formatted: Font: 11 pt 2011

Construction Construction Irrigation 22- Formatted: Font: 11 pt 2 25 150 18 of Mosque of new Colony 7- Irrigation

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Village Total S. No of Main Formatted: Font: 11 pt Name/ House Population Date Expectations No Participant Concerns Venue hold

2011 and School Colony

Earliest Safety from 22- Thatti Commencing flood Formatted: Font: 11 pt 3 250 1800 7- 22 Baloch of Studs 2011 Construction

Earliest Safety from 23- Burg Commencing flood Formatted: Font: 11 pt 4 200 1500 7- 14 Cheema of Studs 2011 Construction

Total 66 Formatted: Font: 11 pt

ANNEX - C Formatted: Font: 11 pt

FORMAT OF SFA

1. This is a Social Frame Work Agreement between Resident Engineer (RE) Khanki Barrage Construction Project representing the Irrigation and Power Department Government of Punjab and the villagers’ committee of Khanki Barrage Area, whose names have been inscribed below in their presence and full consent.

Sr. No. Village Name Father’s Name

1 Khanki

2 Kot Immam Bakhsh

3 Kot Nathu

4 Thati Balouch

5

6

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2. We, the committee of village leader/elders of Jinnah Barrage area have agreed unanimously to nominate ______as our chairman and authorize him to enter into a Social Framework Agreement with the Jinnah Barrage Rehabilitation Project on our behalf and on his own behalf. We understand and pledge that this Social Framework Agreement will be a binding on us and the RE throughout the currency of the construction work as well as the operational phase. 3. Signatures or Village Signature/Left Signature/Left 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4. By mutual consent it is agreed the Irrigation and Power Department i. Shall not occupy any agricultural land or acquire any other land during the construction of this project. ii. Shall not cause any damage or reduction in the water supply in the canals during the construction period of the project, except in case of force majeure e.g. high floods, strong storms or any other act of God. iii. Shall not cause any disturbance to any public archaeological heritage or a place of worship. iv. Shall not interfere in the social political or tribal balance of the area. v. Shall/wherever possible leave local physical infrastructure in no worse condition than it was at the start of the project 5. Also, by mutual consent it is agreed that all the villagers residing in the area in the vicinity of the project named in Clause 1 collectively and severally i. Shall not interfere in the location of labor camps, material depots, equipment yards and all the approach roads to be used during project construction phase, all of which will be located on the land of Irrigation and Power Department. ii. Shall not interfere if the Irrigation and Power Department decides to move the construction of the subsidiary weir elsewhere to a more suitable site as long as the activity remains on Irrigation and Power Department’s own land.

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iii. Shall not receive any discharge of water, wastewater, wastewater sludge or oil spills to any graveyard or archaeological site iv. Shall not cause any damage to wildlife or trees and no villagers will be involved in killing, poaching or hunting of any animal or birds. v. Shall not allow reduction or official interference in existing services and facilities e.g. education, health, electricity, drinking water supplies, religious and social congregations. vi. Shall not allow any interference in our tribal, commercial or social norms, and we understand that no land acquisition or involuntary resettlement is involved under the project. vii. Agree to respect and observe the cautions on the sign boards displayed by project authorities and shall not remove or cause to be removed any signboards or installations put up by the Resident Engineer. viii. This SFA has been signed this < date > < month > at______

Signatures Signatures

Resident Engineer Chairman Villagers’ Committee Full name and address Name and Address

Counter singed

Executive Engineer( Jinnah Barrage) Full name and address

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Formatted: Font: Arial

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