W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 5-2021 "Epic Poems in Bronze": Confederate Memorialization and the Old South's Reckoning with Modernity in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries Grace Ford-Dirks Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the African American Studies Commons, American Art and Architecture Commons, American Studies Commons, Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons, Public History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Ford-Dirks, Grace, ""Epic Poems in Bronze": Confederate Memorialization and the Old South's Reckoning with Modernity in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries" (2021). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 1697. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/1697 This Honors Thesis -- Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact
[email protected]. Ford-Dirks 1 “Epic Poems in Bronze:” Confederate Memorialization and the Old South’s Reckoning with Modernity in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the Department of History from William & Mary by Grace M. Ford-Dirks Accepted for Highest Honors Molly Swetnam-Burland _______________________ Dr. Molly Swetnam-Burland Frederick Corney ___________________________ Dr. Frederick Corney Williamsburg, VA May 12, 2021 Ford-Dirks 2 Table of Contents Chapter One: Introduction ………………………………………………………………….. 3 Chapter Two: Mourning Memorialization (1865 - 1880) …………………………………. 14 Chapter Three: Vindication In Urban Spaces (1881 - 1918) ……………………………… 57 Chapter Four: Commercialized Memorialization and Historic Preservation (1919 - 1940) …………………………………… 113 Chapter Five: Conclusion …………………………………………………………………… 164 Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………………….