Musaddiq's Spectre: on the Recent Declassification of US Documents
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Volume 15 - Number 2 February – March 2019 £4 TTHISHIS ISSUEISSUE: IIRANIANRANIAN CINEMACINEMA ● IIndianndian camera,camera, IranianIranian heartheart ● TThehe lliteraryiterary aandnd dramaticdramatic rootsroots ofof thethe IranianIranian NewNew WaveWave ● DDystopicystopic TTehranehran inin ‘Film‘Film Farsi’Farsi’ popularpopular ccinemainema ● PParvizarviz SSayyad:ayyad: socio-politicalsocio-political commentatorcommentator dresseddressed asas villagevillage foolfool ● TThehe nnoiroir worldworld ooff MMasudasud KKimiaiimiai ● TThehe rresurgenceesurgence ofof IranianIranian ‘Sacred‘Sacred Defence’Defence’ CinemaCinema ● AAsgharsghar Farhadi’sFarhadi’s ccinemainema ● NNewew diasporicdiasporic visionsvisions ofof IranIran ● PPLUSLUS RReviewseviews andand eventsevents inin LondonLondon Volume 15 - Number 2 February – March 2019 £4 TTHISHIS IISSUESSUE: IIRANIANRANIAN CCINEMAINEMA ● IIndianndian ccamera,amera, IIranianranian heartheart ● TThehe lliteraryiterary aandnd ddramaticramatic rootsroots ooff thethe IIranianranian NNewew WWaveave ● DDystopicystopic TTehranehran iinn ‘Film-Farsi’‘Film-Farsi’ ppopularopular ccinemainema ● PParvizarviz SSayyad:ayyad: ssocio-politicalocio-political commentatorcommentator dresseddressed aass vvillageillage ffoolool ● TThehe nnoiroir wworldorld ooff MMasudasud KKimiaiimiai ● TThehe rresurgenceesurgence ooff IIranianranian ‘Sacred‘Sacred DDefence’efence’ CinemaCinema ● AAsgharsghar FFarhadi’sarhadi’s ccinemainema ● NNewew ddiasporiciasporic visionsvisions ooff IIranran ● PPLUSLUS RReviewseviews aandnd eeventsvents -
Iran, 1919-1930 My Vision by Reza Pahlavi Modern Education in Iran
Texto compl eto online UNICAMP Palavra-chave: Pahlavi dynasty Ent. princ. Costa, Helder Santos Título Da Pérsia moderna ao Irâo Pahlavi / Helder Santos Costa. Lisboa (Portugal): Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais Imprenta e Políticas, 2005. The Pahlavi Period H. E. Chehabi Iranian Studies Vol. 31, No. 3/4, A Review of the "Encyclopaedia Iranica" (Summer - Autumn, 1998), pp. 495-502 Published by: International Society for Iranian Studies Article Stable URL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/4311184 From Qajar to Pahlavi: Iran, 1919-1930 Choice Reviews Online, ISSN 0009-4978, 03/2009, Volume 46, Número 7, pp. 46 - 46-4009 My vision by Reza Pahlavi por Adel Darwish Middle East, ISSN 0305-0734, 03/2002, Número 321, p. 22 Support for Reza Pahlavi, who advocates secular democracy, is growing inside Iran... Exile,Politics, Democracy, Royalty Modern Education in Iran during the Qajar and Pahlavi Periods por Koyagi, Mikiya History Compass, ISSN 1478-0542, 01/2009, Volume 7, Número 1, pp. 107 - 118 Historical writing on modern education in Iran has changed in the past few decades. Earlier works that focused on the top-down feature of modern education were... Education, Analysis, School construction Artigo de periódico : Texto completo online Recent Trends in the Historiography of Iran under the Pahlavi Dynasty, 1921–1979 por Schayegh, Cyrus History Compass, ISSN 1478-0542, 11/2008, Volume 6, Número 6, pp. 1400 - 1406 This article has two aims. It outlines the historiography of Pahlavi Iran, maintaining that historians have often written about this period from the perspective of the state... Education During the Reign of the Pahlavi Dynasty in Iran (1941-1979) por Hamdhaidari, Shokrollah Teaching in Higher Education, ISSN 1356-2517, 02/2008, Volume 13, Número 1, pp. -
In Yohanan Friedmann (Ed.), Islam in Asia, Vol. 1 (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1984), P
Notes INTRODUCTION: AFGHANISTAN’S ISLAM 1. Cited in C. Edmund Bosworth, “The Coming of Islam to Afghanistan,” in Yohanan Friedmann (ed.), Islam in Asia, vol. 1 (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1984), p. 13. 2. Erica C. D. Hunter, “The Church of the East in Central Asia,” Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 78 (1996), pp. 129–42. On Herat, see pp. 131–34. 3. On Afghanistan’s Jews, see the discussion and sources later in this chapter and notes 163 to 169. 4. Bosworth (1984; above, note 1), pp. 1–22; idem, “The Appearance and Establishment of Islam in Afghanistan,” in Étienne de la Vaissière (ed.), Islamisation de l’Asie Centrale: Processus locaux d’acculturation du VIIe au XIe siècle, Cahiers de Studia Iranica 39 (Paris: Association pour l’Avancement des Études Iraniennes, 2008); and Gianroberto Scarcia, “Sull’ultima ‘islamizzazione’ di Bāmiyān,” Annali dell’Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, new series, 16 (1966), pp. 279–81. On the early Arabic sources on Balkh, see Paul Schwarz, “Bemerkungen zu den arabischen Nachrichten über Balkh,” in Jal Dastur Cursetji Pavry (ed.), Oriental Studies in Honour of Cursetji Erachji Pavry (London: Oxford Univer- sity Press, 1933). 5. Hugh Kennedy and Arezou Azad, “The Coming of Islam to Balkh,” in Marie Legen- dre, Alain Delattre, and Petra Sijpesteijn (eds.), Authority and Control in the Countryside: Late Antiquity and Early Islam (London: Darwin Press, forthcoming). 6. For example, Geoffrey Khan (ed.), Arabic Documents from Early Islamic Khurasan (London: Nour Foundation/Azimuth Editions, 2007). 7. Richard W. Bulliet, Conversion to Islam in the Medieval Period: An Essay in Quan- titative History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1979); Derryl Maclean, Re- ligion and Society in Arab Sind (Leiden: Brill, 1989); idem, “Ismailism, Conversion, and Syncretism in Arab Sind,” Bulletin of the Henry Martyn Institute of Islamic Studies 11 (1992), pp. -
Confronting Threats Before They Materialize: the United States and the Overthrow of the Iranian Government
Confronting Threats Before They Materialize: The United States and the Overthrow of the Iranian Government --- Daniel Goldsmith In 1953, the United States government funded and orchestrated a coup that deposed Dr. Mohammed Mossadegh, the popular, democratically elected leader of Iran. Although Mossadegh’s government never professed Communist allegiances, members of the Eisenhower administration accused it of harboring nascent Communist influences imported from Moscow. In the early years of the Cold War, American officials perceived Communism’s spread as a palpable threat. The United States intervened in Iran in 1953 due to a combination of geo-political and ideological interests, in conjunction with a strong sense of fear and paranoia. This was a significant example of “big stick” diplomacy, and proved to be a decisive turning point in Cold War international relations. It set a precedent for many future American interventions and an example for non-aligned nations that would have a far- reaching impact on diplomacy worldwide. Early US Cold War Policy: The Truman Years The intervention must be understood as the culmination of several years of early American Cold War policy. Although it took place under Dwight D. Eisenhower, its formulation came as a result of global developments that began during the presidency of Harry Truman. After the Second World War, Soviet Communism became an aggressive challenge to US interests. This threat intensified during the late 1940s with the Czechoslovak coup, the Berlin Crisis, the fall of China, Soviet development of nuclear arms, and the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, prompting both official and popular fears of Soviet expansion. -
Canterbury Christ Church University's Repository of Research Outputs Http
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Canterbury Research and Theses Environment Canterbury Christ Church University’s repository of research outputs http://create.canterbury.ac.uk Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. Revell, S. (2018) The 1953 coup in Iran: U.S. and British foreign policy in Iran, 1951-1953 and the covert operation to overthrow the elected government of Mohammad Mosaddeq. M.A. thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University. Contact: [email protected] The 1953 Coup in Iran: U.S. and British Foreign Policy in Iran, 1951-1953 and the Covert Operation to Overthrow the Elected Government of Mohammad Mosaddeq by Stephen Revell Canterbury Christ Church University Thesis submitted for the degree of Masters by Research 2018 Abstract The 1953 coup in Iran that overthrew the elected government of Mohammad Mosaddeq had a profound effect on Iranian history and U.S.-Iranian relations. The covert operation by the U.S. and British intelligence agencies abruptly ended a period of Iranian democracy and with it, efforts to nationalise the Iranian oil industry. -
The Shah, the Islamic Revolution and the United States
THE SHAH, THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTION AND THE UNITED STATES DARIOUSH BAYANDOR The Shah, the Islamic Revolution and the United States Darioush Bayandor The Shah, the Islamic Revolution and the United States Darioush Bayandor Nyon, Switzerland ISBN 978-3-319-96118-7 ISBN 978-3-319-96119-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96119-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018952482 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. -
Who Instigated the White Revolution of the Shah and the People in Iran, 1963?
Agent or Client: Who Instigated the White Revolution of the Shah and the People in Iran, 1963? A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2015 Michael J. Willcocks School of Arts, Languages and Cultures ! 2! Contents Photographs & Cartoons 5 ! Abstract 6 ! Declaration 7 ! Copyright Statement 8 ! Acknowledgements 9 Introduction 10 Literature Review: US-Iranian Relations and 10 Reform in Iran 1961-63 ! Approach 26 Contribution to Knowledge 28 ! Research Questions 28 ! Hypothesis 28 ! Methodology & Sources 29 ! Thesis Structure 31 ! Transliteration 32 ! ! Chapter 1: Iran! and the United States 1945-61 33 ! 1.1 US-Iranian Relations 1946-61 33 1.2 Iranian Situation 1953-61 39 Chapter 2: ʻAlī Amīnī: The Last Chance? 47 2.1 The Appointment of ʻAlī Amīnī 47 2.1.1 The Man 48 2.1.2 The Controversy 50 2.1.3 Events 52 2.1.4 Explanation 59 2.2 Amīnī’s Plan and Team 66 2.2.1 Amīnī’s Plan 66 2.2.2 Amīnī’s Cabinet 67 2.2.2.1 Ḥasan Arsanjānī 70 2.2.2.2 Nūr al-Dīn Alamūtī 72 2.2.2.3 Muḥammad Dirakhshish 73 2.2.3 A Divided Government 75 2.3 The White House Reacts 77 2.3.1 Economic Assistance 78 ! ! 3! 2.3.1.1 Transition to the Decade of Development 80 2.3.1.2 Reacting to the Crisis in Iran 84 2.3.2 The Iran Task Force 87 2.3.2.1 Policy Objectives 89 2.3.2.2 US Support for Amīnī 93 2.4 Amīnī’s Government: Generating Momentum 97 2.4.1 Anti-Corruption 98 2.4.2 Managing The Economy 100 2.4.3 Third Plan Preparations 101 2.4.4 Land Reform 102 ! Chapter 3: Controlling! the Future 106 ! -
Discursive Continuity of Political Nationalism As a Form of Opposition Politics in Modern Iran
DISCURSIVE CONTINUITY OF POLITICAL NATIONALISM AS A FORM OF OPPOSITION POLITICS IN MODERN IRAN A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY PINAR ARIKAN SİNKAYA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SEPTEMBER 2015 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Bağcı Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. İhsan Dağı (METU, IR) Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık (METU, IR) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zana Çitak Aytürk (METU, IR) Asst. Prof. Dr. Derya Göçer Akder (METU, ARS) Assoc. Prof. Dr. İlker Aytürk (BİLKENT, POLS) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Pınar Arıkan Sinkaya Signature : iii ABSTRACT DISCURSIVE CONTINUITY OF POLITICAL NATIONALISM AS A FORM OF OPPOSITION POLITICS IN MODERN IRAN Arıkan Sinkaya, Pınar Ph.D., Department of International Relations Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık September 2015, 392 pages The dissertation examines political nationalism as a transformative power of modern Iranian politics at the societal level through historical-sociological study of four mass opposition movements, which are the Constitutional Movement (1906-11), National Front Movement (1949-53), Iranian Revolution Movement (1978-79), and Green Movement (2009). -
Basic Changes in Iranian Education System Before and After Islamic Revolution
BASIC CHANGES IN IRANIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM BEFORE AND AFTER ISLAMIC REVOLUTION A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY YASİN TAMER IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF MIDDLE EAST STUDES DECEMBER 2010 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Assoc. Dr. Recep Boztemur This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Assoc. Dr. Mustafa Şen Examining Committee Members Asssoc. Dr. Erdoğan Yıldırım (METU, PHIL) Assoc. Dr. Mustafa Şen (METU, SOC) Assoc. Dr. Recep Boztemur (METU, MES) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Yasin TAMER Signature : iii ABSTRACT CHANGES IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF IRAN Tamer, Yasin M.A., Department of Middle East Studies Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Mustafa Şen December 2010, 86 pages This thesis analyzes the changes occurred in the Iranian education system. The changes occurred before and after the Islamic Revolution are main themes. Reform attempts, modernization, westernization, secularization, purification and Islamization of Iranian education system will be discussed along with comments of notable figures. -
SECRETS of HISTORY: the C.I.A. in Iran -- a Special Report.; How a Plot Convulsed Iran in '53 (And in '79)
April 16, 2000 SECRETS OF HISTORY: The C.I.A. in Iran -- A special report.; How a Plot Convulsed Iran in '53 (and in '79) By JAMES RISEN For nearly five decades, America's role in the military coup that ousted Iran's elected prime minister and returned the shah to power has been lost to history, the subject of fierce debate in Iran and stony silence in the United States. One by one, participants have retired or died without revealing key details, and the Central Intelligence Agency said a number of records of the operation -- its first successful overthrow of a foreign government -- had been destroyed. But a copy of the agency's secret history of the 1953 coup has surfaced, revealing the inner workings of a plot that set the stage for the Islamic revolution in 1979, and for a generation of anti-American hatred in one of the Middle East's most powerful countries. The document, which remains classified, discloses the pivotal role British intelligence officials played in initiating and planning the coup, and it shows that Washington and London shared an interest in maintaining the West's control over Iranian oil. The secret history, written by the C.I.A.'s chief coup planner and obtained by The New York Times, says the operation's success was mostly a matter of chance. The document shows that the agency had almost complete contempt for the man it was empowering, Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi, whom it derided as a vacillating coward. And it recounts, for the first time, the agency's tortured efforts to seduce and cajole the shah into taking part in his own coup. -
Preface Introduction
Notes Preface 1. William Roger Louis, ‘Britain and the Overthrow of the Mosaddeq Govern- ment’, in Mark Gasiorowski and Malcolm Byrne (eds), Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran (New York: Syracuse University Press, 2004), p. 126. 2. Kermit was the grandson of President Theodor Roosevelt; his account of the events was narrated in his book, Countercoup: The Struggle for the Control of Iran (New York: McGraw- Hill, 1979). 3. This CIA internal report, entitled ‘Clandestine Service History; Overthrow of Pre- mier Mossadeq [sic] of Iran, November 1952–August 1953’ (hereinafter referred to as Overthrow). The author is Donald Wilber who, as Iran point-man at CIA headquarters in Washington, had a hand in the drafting of the coup plot against Mosaddeq codenamed TPAJAX. He was not, however, in Iran at the time of the events in August 1953. Introduction 1. On 13 March 1983, commemorating the twenty-first anniversary of the death of Ayatollah Kashani, Iran’s parliamentary Speaker, later President, Ali-Akbar Hashemi-Rafsanjani made the following statement: ‘We honour the memory of the exalted Ayatollah Kashani and request the Iranian nation to participate in the commemoration ceremonies that will be held tomor- row and in the following days; on the same occasion we should express indignation over the injustice done to him and to the Islamic movement by the nationalists [i.e., the Mosaddeq supporters] and the blow inflicted by them on the Islamic movement in one episode in Iran’s history. On this historical day, we express our sorrow to his honourable family and to the Iranian nation and celebrate the life of this great man.’ See, Hashemi- Rafsanjani and Sara Lahooti, Omid va Delvapasi¯ , karnameh¯ va khater¯ at’e¯ Hashemi Rafsanjani, sal’e¯ 1364 (Hope and Preoccupation, the Balance-Sheet and Memoirs of Hashemi-Rafsanjani, year 1364/1985), (Tehran: Daftar’e Nashr’e Ma’aref’e¯ Eslami publishers, 2008), p. -
HOOD MUSEUM of ART Quarter Y
HOOD MUSEUM OF ART DARTMOUTH quarter y COLLEGE 50th Issue | Autumn 2016 HOOD MUSEUM OF ART STAFF Susan Achenbach, Art Handler Gary Alafat, Security / Buildings Manager Juliette Bianco, Deputy Director Elizabeth Brown, Assistant to the Director Patrick Dunfey, Head of Exhibitions Design and Planning Rebecca Fawcett, Registrarial Assistant Stephanie Fournier, Business Assistant Kate George, Tour Coordinator Cynthia Gilliland, Associate Registrar Katherine Hart, Senior Curator of Collections and Photo by Robert Gill. Barbara C. and Harvey P. Hood 1918 Curator of Academic Programming Jessica Havrda, Business Officer LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR Deborah Haynes, Collections Documentation Manager and Cataloguer Amelia Kahl, Coordinator of Academic Introducing the Hood Downtown Exhibition Space Programming Hood Downtown, a temporary venue on Hanover’s Main Street, will be the Hood’s pub- Barbara MacAdam, Jonathan L. Cohen Curator of lic face during our expansion project, offering us an entirely new way to present works of American Art art. The difference will be clear right away. The exhibition space is located at street level. Neely McNulty, Images and ArtStart Instructor You can see the art through the windows and walk right in for a closer look. Each show Nils Nadeau, Associate Director, Strategy and will be designed to be visually arresting from outside or inside. Accessibility is key. External Relations Ugochukwu-Smooth Nzewi, Curator of Hood Downtown is a double gift. First, it is the inaugural project funded by the African Art Charles Gilman Family Endowment that supports the museum’s exhibitions and pro- Kathleen O’Malley, Registrar grams. We are grateful to the Gilman Family for this wonderful gift.