IoT (Internet of Things) www.ibwave.com WIRELESS STANDARDS REFERENCE

5G Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1) LoRa Bands: Below 6 GHz, 24-86 GHz (mmWave) Bands: 2.4 GHz Bands: Below 1 GHz Range: Very high, Global Range: Short, 10 meters Range: High, 10 to 25 km (depending on line-of-sight) hh Brings efficiency to cellular based hh Proprietary technology (Ericsson) IoT networks hh Operates in Master-Slave configuration hh Proprietary technology, owned by Semtech (France) hh Can provide very low latency and hh Ideal for small devices connect a million IoT devices per square hh Secure, can transmit encrypted data hh Used in medical devices and kilometer at different frequencies and bit rates industrial sensors hh Can address outdoor IoT in ways other hh Indoor / outdoor coverage hh Real time location systems technologies cannot (low latency and hh Specifically built for IoT high sensor density) hh Low power, ideal for wearables hh LoRaWAN is the network on which hh Three different classes of BT radios: hh Lots of friendly IoT features, but will be LoRa operates difficult to unseat Wi-Fi as undisputed \\ 0-20 dBm power hh Low power indoor IoT network provider \\ 1-30 meter range hh Industrial and offshore usage, \\ Up to 2 Mb/s Smart Cities

NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) Bands: 452 MHz to 2200 MHz LTE-M Range: High, 35 km Bands: Below 1GHz / 4G-LTE Sigfox Range: Very high, Global Bands: 868 MHz (Europe), 902 MHz (US) hh Focused on indoor coverage Range: High, 3-10 km in urban settings, hh Uses subset of LTE hh Ideal for tracking moving objects 30-50 km in rural areas, over long distances hh Low cost and low power, high battery life up to 1,000 km in line-of-site applications hh Indoor / outdoor coverage hh Deeper penetration in-building but more hh Ultra narrow band with minimal complex to implement hh High security provided through SIM chip interference hh Can use legacy 2G-3G networks if LTE hh Low power, high battery life is unavailable hh Requires a mobile operator to carry hh Location services provided through cell the generated traffic tower positioning, cheaper than GPS Wi-Fi (IEEE-802.11) hh Star network topology hh Works during power failures (using base stations) Bands: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz Range: Medium, 100 meters hh High adoption; majority of indoor IoT operate on Wi-Fi Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4) h h Easy to implement, easy to use Bands: 2.4 GHz short-range wireless connectivity Range: Low, 10 to 100 meters Z-Wave with cross-vendor interoperability Bands: Below 1 GHz hh Zero spectrum cost hh Industrial applications and Range: 30 meters some home products hh A lot of old IoT sensors (802.11b/g) hh Popular with IoT devices hh Low transmit power are still operational hh Applications in home automation hh Outdoor: 802.11ah: Range up to 1 km hh Low data rate (250 kb/s) (used by Amazon Echo) hh Indoor: 802.11ax: A lot of IoT friendly hh Low battery consumption hh Most open development environment features hh Secure 128-bit encryption for smart products (using ITU-T G.9959 \\ Targeted wake time hh Cheaper alternative to Bluetooth global radio standard) \\ Up to 18 clients can send data and Wi-Fi (home energy monitoring, at the same time wireless light switches, Traffic management)