Paving the path to Narrowband 5G with LTE Internet of Things (IoT)
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. June, 2016 IoT — a massive surge of smart, interconnected “things”
Decades of industry experience
Broad portfolio of technologies Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. is a proven, trusted solution provider for IoT 1B+ IoT devices shipped globally1
1 Cumulative shipment using Qualcomm technologies; includes SoC, Cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi , GNSS and PLC, stats as of April 2016 2 Connecting the IoT requires heterogeneous connectivity Powered by global standards with seamless interoperability across multiple vendors
Cellular Wi-Fi Bluetooth GNSS/Location NFC Powerline
Creating a Throughput Reliability Node density connectivity fabric Coverage Security for everything Cost Battery life To support the wide range of IoT use cases with varying requirements Latency Mobility
3 Cellular technologies enable a wide range of IoT services
Smart cities Connected building Lighting, traffic sensors, Security, video surveillance, smart parking,… smoke detectors,…
Mobile health Connected industrial Wearables, gateways, Process/equipment monitoring, remote patient,… >5B HVAC, … Smart utilities IoT connections Connected retail Smart grid, gas/water/ by 20251 Vending machines, ATM, electric meters digital ads,…
Environmental monitoring Asset tracking Agriculture, forecast fire/ Fleet management, pet/kid air pollution sensors,… trackers, shipping,…
Ubiquitous Always-on Reliable Global coverage connectivity and secure ecosystem
1 Including Cellular & LPWA M2M connections, Machina Research, June, 2016 4 We are evolving LTE for the Internet of Things New narrowband technologies to more efficiently support IoT use cases
Scaling up in performance and mobility Scaling down in complexity and power
Today New narrowband IoT technologies (3GPP Release 13+)
LTE Cat-4 and above LTE Cat-1 LTE Cat-M1 (eMTC) Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT) >10 Mbps Up to 10 Mbps Variable rate up to 1 Mbps 10s of kbps n x 20 MHz 20 MHz 1.4 MHz narrowband 200 kHz narrowband
Mobile Video security Wearables Object tracking Utility metering Environment monitoring
Connected car Energy management Connected healthcare City infrastructure Smart buildings 5 LTE IoT delivers significant value for LPWA1 applications Over non-3GPP solutions
Ubiquitous coverage Mature ecosystem Established networks serving Backed by global standards with billions of connections worldwide a rich roadmap to 5G
Scalability Managed QoS To address the wide Based on licensed spectrum range of IoT use cases with a redundant network design
Coexistence End-to-end security Leverages existing and planned Established/trusted security and LTE infrastructure and spectrum authentication features built in
1 Low-power, wide-area 6 Paving the path to 5G NB-IoT is the foundation for Narrowband 5G; continuing to evolve in Release 14+
Scales down LTE to address the broadest range of IoT use cases
Optimizes to lowest cost/power for delay- tolerant, low-throughput IoT use cases
3GPP 5G NR further enhances massive IoT with new capabilities such as RSMA1 & multi-hop mesh
1 Resource Spread Multiple Access 7 Delivering new narrowband LTE IoT technologies
As part of 3GPP Release 13 Two new LTE IoT technologies, one unified LTE platform
LTE Cat-1 n x 20 MHz and above > 1 Mbps +15 dB LTE Cat-M1 (eMTC) Broadest range of IoT capabilities LTE Cat-M1 Faster data rates with support for advanced features, 1.4 MHz Full-to-limited mobility e.g. voice support Up to 1 Mbps Voice/VoLTE support Many IoT devices can benefit from +5 dB multi-mode operations to optimize
Performance for different traffic profiles and RF LTE Cat-NB1 Ultra low-cost conditions
1 200 kHz Ultra low-power range range - 10s of kbps Delay-tolerant LTE Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT)
Scalable to lowest cost/power for wireless Short delay-tolerant, low-throughput IoT use cases, e.g. remote sensors Coverage 1 Examples include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, NFC, and others 9 LTE IoT reduces complexity, extends battery life & coverage Through optimizations to both the air interface and core network
Reduced complexity Multi-year battery life Deeper coverage Higher node density
Narrowband operation Enhanced power save modes Achieve up to 20 dB increase Signaling and other network (1.4 MHz or 200 kHz) plus further and more efficient signaling, in link budget for hard-to-reach optimizations, e.g. overload device and core network e.g. extended DRX locations via redundant control, to support a large complexity reductions sleep cycles transmissions number of devices per cell
Coexistence with today’s mobile broadband services Leveraging existing infrastructure and spectrum
10 New LTE IoT device categories reduce LTE complexity To enable low-cost modules optimized for small, infrequent data transmissions
LTE Cat-1 LTE Cat-M1 LTE Cat-NB1 (Today) (Rel-13) (Rel-13) Peak data rate DL: 10 Mbps DL: 1 Mbps DL: ~20 kbps UL: 5 Mbps UL: 1 Mbps UL: ~60 kbps Simplified Bandwidth 20 MHz 1.4 MHz 200 kHz RF hardware Reduces baseband Rx antenna MIMO Single Rx Single Rx complexity and decreases memory Duplex mode Full duplex Supports half duplex Half duplex FDD/TDD FDD/TDD FDD only Transmit power 23 dBm 20 dBm1 20 dBm1
Higher throughput, lower latency, full mobility
1 Integrated PA possible 11 Delivering multi-year battery life Devices wake up on a per-need basis; stay asleep for minutes, hours, even days
Extended DRx Page Up to 40+ minutes vs. today’s
monitoring upper limit of 2.56 seconds
Data transfer Data
Data transfer Data Data transfer Data
PSM Power consumption Power Device not reachable consumption Power Sleep Sleep Time Time Power save mode (PSM) Extended discontinuous receive (eDRx) Eliminates page monitoring between data transmissions Extends time between monitoring for network messages For device-originated or scheduled applications, e.g., For device-terminated applications, e.g., object tracking, smart metering, environmental monitoring smart grid
Also features such as reduced complexity and less channel measurements extend battery life
Note: PSM and eDRx applicable to both Cat-M1 and Cat-NB1; may also be applied to LTE Cat-1 and above 12 Numerous technology enablers for deeper coverage To reach challenging locations, e.g. penetrating more walls & floors
LTE Cat-NB1 Cat-NB1 only 1,2 Up to 164 dB • Further relaxed requirements, e.g. timing • Low-order modulation, e.g. QPSK • Option for single-tone uplink transmissions
LTE Cat-M1 Cat-M1 and Cat-NB1 >155.7 dB • Repetitive transmissions & TTI bundling for redundancy • Narrowband uplink transmissions
LTE Cat-1
Baseline 140.7 dB Trading Trading off spectralefficiency andlatency
1 Link budget; 2 At least for standalone operation mode 13 Coexisting with today’s LTE services Cat-M1 and Cat-NB1 can leverage existing LTE infrastructure and spectrum <0.1% Data capacity for Mobile Cat-M1 Multimode Cat-NB1 IoT traffic based on devices devices Cat-M1/NB1 devices 1 sample scenario devices
Cat-M1 channel Reuse center 6 PRB2 for synchronization; data channel can operate across entire LTE band for most efficient coexistence with today’s traffic Regular LTE
New synchronization anchor channels are in Wideband Control Wideband Cat-NB1 channel restricted narrowband locations; may also be deployed standalone3 or in LTE guard band
1 Assumptions: ISD Urban – 500m, 3 cells per site, Channel b/w 10MHz, Cell capacity: DL 14Mbps, UL 9.6Mbps; Traffic types include data and commands for Electric Meter, Water Meter, Security Panel, HVAC - Residential, Outdoor Street Light, Off Street Parking Meter, Parking Space Sensor, Water Assets; 100% of traffic assumed in 6hr. busy period; 2 Physical Resource Block; 3 Including re-farming of GSM spectrum 14 Cat-M1 (eMTC) efficient coexistence with today’s services Narrowband operation of 1.4 MHz1 across entire LTE band
Supports FDD or TDD spectrum Co-existence
Time and Frequency-Division Multiplexing Regular data between LTE IoT and today’s existing Cat-M1 Data services, e.g. mobile broadband (User 1) Regular data 2 Legacy Synch Regular data Flexible capacity
Cat-M1 SIB3 Wideband Control Wideband Cat-M1 Data Multiple narrowband regions with (User 2) frequency retuning to support scalable resource allocation between LTE IoT Initial cell search Scheduling Data transmission 4 and acquisition and non-IoT traffic
1 1.08 MHz used by the network to transmit 6 RBs in-band; 2 PSS/SSS/PBCH; 3 SIB (System Information Block); 4 Also supports frequency hopping within LTE band for diversity 15 Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT) flexible deployment options Dedicated NB carrier — supports FDD spectrum only in Rel-13
In-band Guard-band Standalone
NB-IoT NB-IoT NB-IoT NB-IoT
Regular Regular LTE Data LTE Data
Guard-band Guard-band
Utilizing single Resource Block (180 Utilizing unused resource blocks Utilizing stand-alone 200 kHz kHz) within a normal LTE carrier within a LTE carrier’s guard-band carrier, e.g. re-farming spectrum currently used by GERAN systems
New optimized NB-IoT synchronization, control, and data channels
16 Delivering IoT optimizations to the network architecture Also part of 3GPP Release 13
MME
S-GW P-GW
More efficient Simplified Core Network Enhanced resource signaling (EPC-lite) management To support a larger number of devices Reduced functionality, e.g. limited Such as optimizations to allow a large per cell with new features such as mobility and no voice, makes possible set of devices to share the same group-based paging and messaging for integrating network functions into subscription, e.g. all the water a single entity meters in a city
Optional optimizations so that mobile operators can effectively balance CAPEX vs. OPEX decisions
17 Small cells add value to LTE IoT deployments
Venues Industrial Residential Enterprise/Buildings Cities
Improved coverage Longer battery life More deployment options Bringing the network closer for Allowing devices to reduce uplink Leveraging neutral hosts to provide deeper reach indoors and more transmit power, minimizing overall IoT connectivity in shared/unlicensed reliable connectivity power consumption spectrum (e.g. MulteFire)
18 Providing an end-to-end LTE IoT platform To simplify the deployment and management of IoT services
Simplified device Optimized LTE Simplified service Simplified network Simplified application development connectivity management architecture development Development platforms Reduced complexity Billing/cost mgmt. Reduced functionality Standardized protocols Certified modules Lower power Remote provisioning Optimized signaling Interoperability Certified devices Deeper coverage Embedded SIM (eUICC) Virtualization End-to-end security Real-time diagnostics e.g. oneM2M
19 Roadmap to 5G will bring even more opportunities for the Internet of Things We are continuing to evolve NB-IoT beyond Release 13 The foundation to Narrowband 5G
VoLTE Mobility Adding voice and options to Enabling devices to monitor support lower latency services and report channel conditions for inter-cell handovers
Positioning Broadcast Providing location services for Allowing more efficient OTA firmware use cases such as mobile asset update for large number of devices, tracking and emergency call e.g. sensors, meters
21 We are also designing a new 5G NR air interface 5G NR will be scalable to an extreme variation of IoT requirements Deep coverage To reach challenging locations Strong security e.g. Health/government / financial trusted Ultra-low energy 10+ years of battery life Ultra-high reliability <1 out of 100 million packets lost Ultra-low complexity Massive Internet 10s of bits per second of Things Mission-critical control Ultra-low latency Ultra-high density As low as 1 millisecond 1 million nodes per Km2 Enhanced Extreme capacity mobile broadband 10 Tbps per Km2 Extreme user mobility Or no mobility at all Extreme data rates Deep awareness Multi-Gigabits per second Discovery and optimization
Based on target requirements for the envisioned 5G use cases 22 Bringing new capabilities for the massive IoT Grant-free uplink Coverage extension Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) Multi-hop mesh with WAN management
Frequency Direct access on licensed spectrum
Mesh on unlicensed or partitioned with uplink licensed spectrum1 Time
Enables asynchronous, non-orthogonal, contention-based Overcomes uplink coverage issues due to low-power devices access that is well suited for sporadic uplink transmissions and challenging placements by enabling uplink data relayed via of small data bursts common in IoT use cases nearby devices; opportunity to reduce power/cost even further
1 Greater range and efficiency when using licensed spectrum, e.g. protected reference signals . Network time synchronization improves peer-to-peer efficiency 23 Also enabling new mission-critical control IoT services
1ms e2e latency Faster, more flexible frame structure; also new non-orthogonal uplink access
Ultra-high reliability Autonomous Robotics Energy/ Ultra-reliable transmissions that can be time vehicles Smart grid multiplexed with nominal traffic through puncturing
Ultra-high availability Simultaneous links to both 5G and LTE for failure tolerance and extreme mobility
Strong e2e security Aviation Industrial Medical Security enhancements to air interface, core automation network, & service layer across verticals1
1 Also exploring alternative roots of trust beyond the SIM card 24 Flexible 5G network architecture brings additional benefits Leveraging virtualized network functions to create optimized network slices
• Configurable end-to-end connectivity per vertical • Modular, specialized network functions Mobile broadband per services
Massive IoT • Flexible subscription models
Mission-critical • Dynamic control and user planes with more control functionality at the edge • Multi-access core network will provide connectivity to LTE, NB-IOT, and 5G IoT
Better cost/ Optimized Flexible business Dynamic creation Energy efficiency performance models of services
25 5G standardization progressing for 2020 launch
5G study items
3GPP RAN workshop R15 5G R16 5G R17+ WI’s WI’s 5G evolution
5G-NR 5G launch1 phase 2
Continued LTE evolution in parallel with 5G
NB-IoT = foundation for NB-5G, 1st commercial deployments in 2017
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Learn more at: www.qualcomm.com/5G
Note: Estimated commercial dates; 1 Forward compatibility with R16 and beyond 26 Qualcomm is uniquely positioned to connect the Internet of Things
An established leader today – pioneering tomorrow’s technologies Delivering a broad portfolio of technologies for the IoT To meet diverse connectivity and computing requirements
Bluetooth Smart Cognitive computing Bluetooth Mesh Camera processing 802.11ac Audio processing 802.11ad Sensor core 802.11n Security DSRC CPU Connectivity Computing NFC GPU 3G DSP 4G LTE Media processing 5G Augmented reality Powerline Display processing GNSS/Location Power management
28 Qualcomm Technologies’ LTE platform leadership A history of industry firsts
Cat 6 in FinFet LTE smartphone LTE Cat10 Broadcast modem 28nm LTE 20nm LTE-U, LWA, LTE Gigabit LTE 4x4 MIMO LTE voice 7-mode VoLTE LTE across Class LTE (CSFB) LTE Multimode Dual SIM all tiers 600Mbps LTE hotspot LTE Cat 9 LAA, LTE SoC LTE CA LTE Multimode SoC 4x CA Cat 12/13
2010 Gen 1 Gen 2 Gen 3 Gen 4 Gen 5 Gen 6 2016
Qualcomm Technologies modem generation and feature
29 Delivering 3G and 4G LTE solutions for the IoT today Established ecosystem partners with proven global solutions
Qualcomm MDM9x07-1: LTE Cat-1 modem for the Internet of Things • 4G/3G global band support (multimode/multiband) • Highly integrated to reduce cost / complexity • PSM enabling up to 10+ years battery life • Scalable to add voice, Wi-Fi, BT capabilities • Hardware-based security
More than 100 design wins from over 60 manufacturers1
1 Includes Qualcomm Snapdragon X5 LTE (9x07) and MDM9x07-1 modem, as of June 2016 Qualcomm Snapdragon, MDM9x07 and MDM9x07-1 are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 30 Driving new LTE IoT technologies towards commercialization Rel-13 specification now complete for LTE Cat-M1 (eMTC) and Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT)
Prototyping new technologies PSM & eDRx simulations and system tests, as demonstrated at MWC 2016 Standards leadership Main contributor to eMTC and NB-IoT features Qualcomm MDM9206 Harmonized Industry on narrowband IoT Flexible chipset platform (NB-IoT) specification Common hardware solution to enable Cat-M1 and/or Cat-NB1 Pioneering work on future IoT technologies, e.g. multi-hop to extend uplink coverage
MDM9206 is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 31 Delivering a scalable roadmap across all tiers & segments LTE from gigabit to micro-amp
Scaling up in performance and mobility
Scaling down in complexity and power X16 LTE X12 Cat-16 LTE Fiber-like experience Core X7 Cat-12 LTE Redefining mainstream Cat-6 X5 Entry-level MBB LTE
Cat-4 9x07-1 High-end IoT IoT-optimized Cat-1 modems Cost-efficient, low power, 9206 scalable for IoT Cat-M1/NB1 Ultra-low power, long battery life, extended
Note: Showing DL UE categories. Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. coverage 32 Leading the world to 5G Investing in 5G for many years—building upon our leadership foundation
Wireless/OFDM End-to-end system Leading global technology and chipset approach with advanced network experience leadership prototypes and scale
Pioneering new 5G technologies to Driving 5G from standardization to Providing the experience and meet extreme requirements commercialization scale that 5G demands
33 In summary
LTE is evolving to deliver a unified, scalable IoT platform that brings significant benefits over non-3GPP LPWA solutions
Delivering new narrowband IoT technologies (Cat-M1/NB1) to lower complexity, increase battery life, and deepen coverage – establishes the foundation for Narrowband 5G
Roadmap to 5G will bring even more opportunities for the Internet of Things including new mission-critical services
Qualcomm is uniquely positioned to connect the Internet of Things and is leading the world to 5G
Learn more at: http://www.qualcomm.com/LTE-IoT
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