Paving the path to Narrowband 5G with LTE Internet of Things (IoT) Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. June, 2016 IoT — a massive surge of smart, interconnected “things” Decades of industry experience Broad portfolio of technologies Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. is a proven, trusted solution provider for IoT 1B+ IoT devices shipped globally1 1 Cumulative shipment using Qualcomm technologies; includes SoC, Cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi , GNSS and PLC, stats as of April 2016 2 Connecting the IoT requires heterogeneous connectivity Powered by global standards with seamless interoperability across multiple vendors Cellular Wi-Fi Bluetooth GNSS/Location NFC Powerline Creating a Throughput Reliability Node density connectivity fabric Coverage Security for everything Cost Battery life To support the wide range of IoT use cases with varying requirements Latency Mobility 3 Cellular technologies enable a wide range of IoT services Smart cities Connected building Lighting, traffic sensors, Security, video surveillance, smart parking,… smoke detectors,… Mobile health Connected industrial Wearables, gateways, Process/equipment monitoring, remote patient,… >5B HVAC, … Smart utilities IoT connections Connected retail Smart grid, gas/water/ by 20251 Vending machines, ATM, electric meters digital ads,… Environmental monitoring Asset tracking Agriculture, forecast fire/ Fleet management, pet/kid air pollution sensors,… trackers, shipping,… Ubiquitous Always-on Reliable Global coverage connectivity and secure ecosystem 1 Including Cellular & LPWA M2M connections, Machina Research, June, 2016 4 We are evolving LTE for the Internet of Things New narrowband technologies to more efficiently support IoT use cases Scaling up in performance and mobility Scaling down in complexity and power Today New narrowband IoT technologies (3GPP Release 13+) LTE Cat-4 and above LTE Cat-1 LTE Cat-M1 (eMTC) Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT) >10 Mbps Up to 10 Mbps Variable rate up to 1 Mbps 10s of kbps n x 20 MHz 20 MHz 1.4 MHz narrowband 200 kHz narrowband Mobile Video security Wearables Object tracking Utility metering Environment monitoring Connected car Energy management Connected healthcare City infrastructure Smart buildings 5 LTE IoT delivers significant value for LPWA1 applications Over non-3GPP solutions Ubiquitous coverage Mature ecosystem Established networks serving Backed by global standards with billions of connections worldwide a rich roadmap to 5G Scalability Managed QoS To address the wide Based on licensed spectrum range of IoT use cases with a redundant network design Coexistence End-to-end security Leverages existing and planned Established/trusted security and LTE infrastructure and spectrum authentication features built in 1 Low-power, wide-area 6 Paving the path to 5G NB-IoT is the foundation for Narrowband 5G; continuing to evolve in Release 14+ Scales down LTE to address the broadest range of IoT use cases Optimizes to lowest cost/power for delay- tolerant, low-throughput IoT use cases 3GPP 5G NR further enhances massive IoT with new capabilities such as RSMA1 & multi-hop mesh 1 Resource Spread Multiple Access 7 Delivering new narrowband LTE IoT technologies As part of 3GPP Release 13 Two new LTE IoT technologies, one unified LTE platform LTE Cat-1 n x 20 MHz and above > 1 Mbps +15 dB LTE Cat-M1 (eMTC) Broadest range of IoT capabilities LTE Cat-M1 Faster data rates with support for advanced features, 1.4 MHz Full-to-limited mobility e.g. voice support Up to 1 Mbps Voice/VoLTE support Many IoT devices can benefit from +5 dB multi-mode operations to optimize Performance for different traffic profiles and RF LTE Cat-NB1 Ultra low-cost conditions 1 200 kHz Ultra low-power range - 10s of kbps Delay-tolerant LTE Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT) Scalable to lowest cost/power for wireless Short delay-tolerant, low-throughput IoT use cases, e.g. remote sensors Coverage 1 Examples include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, NFC, and others 9 LTE IoT reduces complexity, extends battery life & coverage Through optimizations to both the air interface and core network Reduced complexity Multi-year battery life Deeper coverage Higher node density Narrowband operation Enhanced power save modes Achieve up to 20 dB increase Signaling and other network (1.4 MHz or 200 kHz) plus further and more efficient signaling, in link budget for hard-to-reach optimizations, e.g. overload device and core network e.g. extended DRX locations via redundant control, to support a large complexity reductions sleep cycles transmissions number of devices per cell Coexistence with today’s mobile broadband services Leveraging existing infrastructure and spectrum 10 New LTE IoT device categories reduce LTE complexity To enable low-cost modules optimized for small, infrequent data transmissions LTE Cat-1 LTE Cat-M1 LTE Cat-NB1 (Today) (Rel-13) (Rel-13) Peak data rate DL: 10 Mbps DL: 1 Mbps DL: ~20 kbps UL: 5 Mbps UL: 1 Mbps UL: ~60 kbps Simplified Bandwidth 20 MHz 1.4 MHz 200 kHz RF hardware Reduces baseband Rx antenna MIMO Single Rx Single Rx complexity and decreases memory Duplex mode Full duplex Supports half duplex Half duplex FDD/TDD FDD/TDD FDD only Transmit power 23 dBm 20 dBm1 20 dBm1 Higher throughput, lower latency, full mobility 1 Integrated PA possible 11 Delivering multi-year battery life Devices wake up on a per-need basis; stay asleep for minutes, hours, even days Extended DRx Page Up to 40+ minutes vs. today’s monitoring upper limit of 2.56 seconds Data transfer Data Data transfer Data Data transfer Data PSM Power consumption Power Device not reachable consumption Power Sleep Sleep Time Time Power save mode (PSM) Extended discontinuous receive (eDRx) Eliminates page monitoring between data transmissions Extends time between monitoring for network messages For device-originated or scheduled applications, e.g., For device-terminated applications, e.g., object tracking, smart metering, environmental monitoring smart grid Also features such as reduced complexity and less channel measurements extend battery life Note: PSM and eDRx applicable to both Cat-M1 and Cat-NB1; may also be applied to LTE Cat-1 and above 12 Numerous technology enablers for deeper coverage To reach challenging locations, e.g. penetrating more walls & floors LTE Cat-NB1 Cat-NB1 only 1,2 Up to 164 dB • Further relaxed requirements, e.g. timing • Low-order modulation, e.g. QPSK • Option for single-tone uplink transmissions LTE Cat-M1 Cat-M1 and Cat-NB1 >155.7 dB • Repetitive transmissions & TTI bundling for redundancy • Narrowband uplink transmissions LTE Cat-1 Baseline 140.7 dB Trading off spectral efficiency and latency 1 Link budget; 2 At least for standalone operation mode 13 Coexisting with today’s LTE services Cat-M1 and Cat-NB1 can leverage existing LTE infrastructure and spectrum <0.1% Data capacity for Mobile Cat-M1 Multimode Cat-NB1 IoT traffic based on devices devices Cat-M1/NB1 devices 1 sample scenario devices Cat-M1 channel Reuse center 6 PRB2 for synchronization; data channel can operate across entire LTE band for most efficient coexistence with today’s traffic Regular LTE New synchronization anchor channels are in Wideband Control Wideband Cat-NB1 channel restricted narrowband locations; may also be deployed standalone3 or in LTE guard band 1 Assumptions: ISD Urban – 500m, 3 cells per site, Channel b/w 10MHz, Cell capacity: DL 14Mbps, UL 9.6Mbps; Traffic types include data and commands for Electric Meter, Water Meter, Security Panel, HVAC - Residential, Outdoor Street Light, Off Street Parking Meter, Parking Space Sensor, Water Assets; 100% of traffic assumed in 6hr. busy period; 2 Physical Resource Block; 3 Including re-farming of GSM spectrum 14 Cat-M1 (eMTC) efficient coexistence with today’s services Narrowband operation of 1.4 MHz1 across entire LTE band Supports FDD or TDD spectrum Co-existence Time and Frequency-Division Multiplexing Regular data between LTE IoT and today’s existing Cat-M1 Data services, e.g. mobile broadband (User 1) Regular data 2 Legacy Synch Regular data Flexible capacity Cat-M1 SIB3 Wideband Control Wideband Cat-M1 Data Multiple narrowband regions with (User 2) frequency retuning to support scalable resource allocation between LTE IoT Initial cell search Scheduling Data transmission 4 and acquisition and non-IoT traffic 1 1.08 MHz used by the network to transmit 6 RBs in-band; 2 PSS/SSS/PBCH; 3 SIB (System Information Block); 4 Also supports frequency hopping within LTE band for diversity 15 Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT) flexible deployment options Dedicated NB carrier — supports FDD spectrum only in Rel-13 In-band Guard-band Standalone NB-IoT NB-IoT NB-IoT NB-IoT Regular Regular LTE Data LTE Data Guard-band Guard-band Utilizing single Resource Block (180 Utilizing unused resource blocks Utilizing stand-alone 200 kHz kHz) within a normal LTE carrier within a LTE carrier’s guard-band carrier, e.g. re-farming spectrum currently used by GERAN systems New optimized NB-IoT synchronization, control, and data channels 16 Delivering IoT optimizations to the network architecture Also part of 3GPP Release 13 MME S-GW P-GW More efficient Simplified Core Network Enhanced resource signaling (EPC-lite) management To support a larger number of devices Reduced functionality, e.g. limited Such as optimizations to allow a large per cell with new features such as mobility and no voice, makes possible set of devices to share the same group-based paging and messaging for integrating network functions into subscription, e.g. all the water a single entity meters in a city Optional optimizations so that mobile operators can effectively balance CAPEX vs. OPEX decisions 17 Small cells add value to LTE IoT deployments Venues Industrial Residential Enterprise/Buildings Cities Improved coverage Longer battery life More deployment options Bringing the network closer for Allowing devices to reduce uplink Leveraging neutral hosts to provide deeper reach indoors and more transmit power, minimizing overall IoT connectivity in shared/unlicensed reliable connectivity power consumption spectrum (e.g.