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LOCAL GEOLOGY WALSALL \.JOOD, SHELFIELD AJ·m CLAYB..ANGER - 1~~_:~~~ - < / i ( .! "' ll £fl .'i... ~· .. ~ ~ ~ lill " ' .·... · '., :., ... .; . .,..· ·( ~~-,, KEv : : ~ 'TO - ~ SYMBOLS UPP EII MOTT ~IO "LLUVIUM I "N DITO~I !oAI Il ll l D [1] (IUNU!l J Ai t.!Uiit ~ LOWER Lll\ " llli!!ll -II II~IAN a <t () tl \01 ... 11• VONIAN KBUPt rt M ... Q CAM tHl i"N I •~ PRE • CAM8RIAN KEUP £R UPPER SANDS TON£ COAL MEASURES IGNEOUS CBE] AND PERMIAN ill .illJll] ( '•.; ..~: · ,; i. P\,, ,_.\ ;,.\ 0 1:1' " ... lii.k.l....&UL WOOO, SHEJ.FIELD AND ClJ'.l'HhNGER -.==· Walsall Wood \'/as originally a detc.ched pe.rt of the foreign of Walsall and consisted of three main set-::: lc."';le."'lts, '\1.:\lsall \·load, Shelfield and Clayhanger, approxi:nately 1,551 acres in ext·.mt. The na:.1e \'/as in use by 1200 when the ·ood of \{olsa.ll was a distinct part of Ca!'.nock Forest .. Walsall Wood was bounded on the \'Jest by li'ord (or Clayhanger) Brook and on the South-e<:'lst by its tributc-lJ" Shelfiold {o:;,~ Shavers End) Brook 2-...."'ld by l.al'lgley Brook. The North-e~stcrn bo\~nd.:'..ry run up Corrunonsidc• close to the Vigo Fault and along the Sout:1ern side of BrOlmhills Kigh St:i:·eet cronoing it to fo:nn the Northern tip of t ~1e aren. Uhere the North-eastern bounde.ry crossed the \valsall - Lichfield road, it \lt:'.s marked by <-'.. tree e .::: lled Sh.i.re Oak; the tree lms mentioned i:1 15.33 nnd its rem<Urw uCl~e rem-'Jved in t~-. e mid 1890 1 s. Up to the late 19th eentury the urea was f.::Jr ;:>Clroc:i;.i<'l purpo.scs n detached part of the townshi ~) of lJnlsall and s~1bject to its Lor<l of the Manor. In the 18th ond 19th centuries the Earls of Brc..clford hold t.hi n position and were taajor lnndo\'aors in the nrea. In 1894: \<Julsal l Hood became a ci vi! pur ish within the uro.:m district of Bro'Nllhills which in 1')6G became part of the urban district of Aldridge-Drmmhills, i tsc lf t aken into the Metropolitan District of ilnls~ll from 19711:. --RELIEF The area is situated on the cDr;.l mc~'..sures 1 Ci.."ld tbt~ s.:dl is chiefly marl and clay \dth alluviwa ulm:.g t~w hlAuoks. T ~:. e l evel of the ground rises from some 420 feet at the confluence of Ford [aJd Shelfield Brooks on the Soutl!-west to some 540 feet c..t the site of t ~-:e :f.':..> rrJer Sidre Oak. POPULATION GRO\iTH 'In 1619 there were 2J7 recipien-t::; o:Z Ho:!.le:Jley 1 s D -:::~le O...'ld in 1661 )87. The population was given as 900 in 1837 a."!d t~:.o.• consintod chiefly of nailers and chainmakers. By 1C51 it 11.:ld ret:J.ched 111_.,2, chiefly miners, 1 although no mining had yet started in \'/alsall ·~Jo·:::>d i J.;s elf o By the 1850 s the urea was becoming more prosperous. L1 1825 the por:rulution of \-lalsall Wood hamlet was said to consist eatirely of paupers and in 1845 the incumbent stated that l1e had 'only one ~erson of indc~endent property in the place'. In 1857, however, he surveyed the changes since 1625 and claimed that 1 a new place is formed. A church has been built •••••••••• The mud and thatched cottages disappear. The old ragged inhabitants of a wild district drop off'. The po::_mlation had risen to .1930 by 1861 as a result of the e.."ltension of mining in the neighbourhood and the opening of brickyards. There \'/as a notable rise during the decade 1871 - 81 from 20n to .3242 attributed partly to the building of the raihrcty; in addition Wnlsall Wood Colliery was opened than. By 1091 t h e po;..Julation had reached 4582 and consisted of shopkeepers, colliers, bri.cl<nl;:;\ke-.rs and-....,a few s:nall farmers. By 1901 it had risen to 61.1-92 an increase again attributed mainly to the development of coal-mining and bric!r~dng. Hewing reached 7116 in 1911 and 8351 in 1921, it had drop?ed to 7597 by 19.31. It was 8805 in 1951, 11519 in 1961 and the latent ccnnu.o L1 1901 civcn us tho :figure of 123o8 for Waisull Wood an~ Aldridge ~orth. This mid 20th century population gro~nil has come about because of the planned overspill of homes and industry as a result of the c<mtrifugal forces which bE:ve led to the moving out of factories and ::~eo:ple from the cra!i1ped conditions of the Birmingham and Black Country conurbation. - 2 - Host of \/o.lsnll \iood remained c.Jnmo:l or lm.sto until the 19th century but by C1600 oncronclunent had l)roduced scattered. settlement. Dy 176J there was a hnmlet along the \valsall-Lic!"diel<l road and ti•oro was also scttlemc..'lt at Bulliugs Heuth at the junctio:1 of Green L.~-u) <:'..nd t:1e present Hall Lane, at Goblins Pit further south in Green I.c..ne, o.round the common to the south of the maj,n road, and at Shire Oc:lk. Dy 1005 the sout:1ern C')r.1ffio n wus knmm e1s Ho lly &'\Ilk Common and the settlement on ita S::J~th side as Vigo. In 17G3 there was also settlement on the edge of rlalsn.ll Hood Comm'Jn north of the mc..in road: e.t Paul's Coppice (so naned l.Jy 1805) on t!1e ucst of the comrno and a t Ca tshill e n the north by the Chester road. A \Jay rnn over the c ommon t o Cutshill 1 evidently app roximating to the line of the ~)resent Dr mrnl:ills I\.on.d and Lindon Road. Coppice Rood running up t~ -. e \W:Jt side of the c onu :-~o n f'rot:t \va l sc-.11 vlood village also existed by the w.rly 19t:1 ce.'"ltury. At t!: is ti r.~ e Wa l sall 1:/ood and Clayhanger Commons formed n sine le stretch of waste of 50l.t: acres. z \olALSt-..LL WOOD C 18l.t:O < The only r oads existinG were these in tile main areas of· settlement nru::2ly < Turnpike Road (Walsall - Lich:fielcl no nd) Gre<:>..il. L.•.ne 1 \la lnc..ll ·Hood Common, Holly Banlc Common. The Vigo area c onnintecl of unf'enced \tC..stoli:ln d. The:.-e wa a path over Holly &mk Conmon frox;t t!1e Vi go t o Shire Oruc and anothe r f'rom t h er over Halsall Wood Common to Catshill. Ball Lane, Hollenders Lane and Brickiln Lane also exis t ed. Dy tlus time t:"e wa.ste hn d been i'urther r e duced; Clayhanger, Walsall Woo cl and Eo llyb c..:. ~ l: Com1:10:-:.s covered C365 acres whi lst of t h< woodland 21 acres c..t St. Paul' s Co::;::,ice c..ncl Go acre s at Goblins Pit (Coppice Wood) were all that re~wine d. THE ENCLOSURE OF THE Cet-il>lON S 187 6 Up until the 1870's animc..ls m !:-1eG ~Y t:-: e vill Ci~e r:J wer e free t o roam ov er the \valsall Wood and Clayhanoer Cc:nmc :--...s \:~:icl-. s til l c ,-,·..rcrccl 350 acres. It seems there was a pou.1d a t Du lli:-: -;:: c ~:~t: ·. .:!nd t::i s w:: s ~x:. ss i L ly u sed t ,J enclose the stray animals tmtil t :1.ei::- o;·.':'le.::-s ~::a c t s clai m t hen. howev er 1 under an Act of Parlia.'":lent :Jf 1865 tl ~ esc con:J nlnnd riohts ,.,ere abo lis hed and the land used pnrtly for a£ricu.l ture, nm1 r o:ldz n::.d houses. The f'o llowing roads wore laid out in 1G76 : r:olly Da...•1l: !1ond ( ::.ow King Stree t and Beech Tree '!:: Road) QUeen Street, Vigo Hoad, Co.:;:;;ico n oa d, C~dc!1 Street, Lindon Road, :i Friozland Lane, Brovmhills n~d. HaJSING DEVELOPHENTS 182 '* - 19[ll.~: By .183'* new houses had app eared on ei t:.:-.0!" oido of the Turnp:i.ke Roc.d near the Shenstone Parish botmdary, on tile eastern side of Co :;:.>p ice Road, on the High Street, in Hall Lane and li.lat . bece.. ·: w Bcech·Tree Road. Ne\f roads l·tere gradually laid out and by 1919 there had bce.."1. t:H:l fol.low:i.n~; developments : Drooklnncl Hoad hnd been created, Salters L:~nc had bean rennmed S.::.lters Road, <. Holly Dank Road became King Street o.nd Beech Tree Hoad und the south west end of Vigo Rond became Queen Street. < The large housino estate on the uE:lnt side of Sal tors l~oad dates froi.:l the inter war perio d whilst a further tl'T.:J large estates t;tere built after l'l? rld Har Two. <ne is on the east side of Sal tors Road a."ld one in the Friezland Lane area. Houses have also bee."l built on the north side of Queen Street and Vigo Road. The area of farm land was grec.tly reduced to m.:\.1-::e way f or the housing and by 197'* only three farms remained.