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Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education Vol, 4, 2014 Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education Vol. 4 Year 2014 Chief Editor Prof. Dr. Ramesh Raj Kunwar Associate Editor Basant P. Joshi AITM Affiliated to: ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT Under the aegis of NEF - CCN Universtity Center AITM School of Hotel Management (Affiliated to IMI University Centre, Switzerland) Editorial Policy We are very happy to offer Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education, Vol. 4, 2014, to our readers. This journal is published annually in English by AITM School of Hotel Management which is affiliated with IMI Universitycernre Switzerland. The journal publishes on tourism related ecology (e.g. ecotourism), economy, environment, marketing, management, sociology, anthropology, religion, hospitality, development, law, agriculture, food, education, policies, employment, planning, geography, psychology, culture, heritage, sports, shopping, disaster management, crisis, safety, research methodology, drugs, crime, conflict and peace. This is an interdisciplinary journal which welcomes research papers and book reviews from different scholars of different disciplines but those should be related with tourism studies. Articles and reviews in the journal represent neither the views of the concerned publishers nor those of editorial board. Responsibility for opinions expressed and for the accuracy of the facts published in the articles or reviews are solely with the individual authors. Authors will receive four copies of journal with remuneration. All Academic correspondence should be addressed to the publisher or AITM School of Hotel Management, Knowledge Village, Khumaltar. The editorial board reserves the right to edit, moderate or reject the articles submitted. The text should be 10,000 to 18,000 words. Articles should be original and written in English. The research work should be based on both primary and secondary sources. As far as research methodology is concerned, foot notes, citations and references should be based on APA method. If not there has to be uniformity of citation and references. The editors welcome enquiries from readers willing to write research articles and book review. We believe that the contributions contributed by national and international scholars will disseminate the knowledge and ideas of tourism to the students, researchers, policy makers, entrepreneurs, journalists and other general readers. The Editorial Board Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education AITM School of Hotel Management Konwledge Village, Khumaltar Lalitpur, Nepal Tel: 5541179/55487729 Email: [email protected] Web: www.aitm.edu.np Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education Vol. 4 Year 2014 Chief Editor Prof. Dr. Ramesh Raj Kunwar Associate Editor Basant P. Joshi Advisory Board Prof. Dr. Sriram Bhagut Mathe Prof. Dr. Ram Manohar Shretha Prof. Dr. Sudarshan Raj Tiwari Prof. Dr. Pramod Bahadur Shrestha Prof. Dr. Prem Nath Maskey Umesh Shrestha Bhupa Das Raj Bhandari Shaun Leonard Guilaume Plagnol AITM Shool of Hotel Management Tel: 5541179/55487729 Email: [email protected] Web: www.aitm.edu.np Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education Vol. 4 Year 2014 CONTENTS Ramesh Raj Kunwar 1 Tourism and Crime in Nepal: Shanti Barmashkha Understanding the Concept, Recognizing the Reality Pranil Upadhayaya 23 Interrelationships between Tourism, Security and Peace: Towards the Conceptual Understanding Sandeep Basnyat 38 Post-Conflict Violence And Tourism Management in Nepal Biswo Nath Ulak 58 Prospects of Ecotourism in Khopasi, Nepal Basant P. Joshi 89 Far Western Region of Nepal, the western gate to the possibility of Tourism Industry Sujan Amgain 102 Book Review Tourism and Crime : A Case Study of Nepal Ramesh Raj Kunwar* Shanti Barmashkha** Abstract The study has focused on the various crimes faced by the tourists in Kathmandu particular and in Nepal general in the field of tourism. The study has found that the crimes such as rape, murder and sexual abuse to tourists have been seen but very minimal. The highest number of crime is loss and stolen case. The majority of tourists lose their belongings such as documents, camera, bag and clothes. Furthermore, the research found evidence that the tourists also involve in criminal activities. This evidence mostly come from the Tourist Police Unit and Nepal Police Central Crime Data Section shows that tourists especially involve in drug trafficking, fraud, counterfeit currency and fake passport and even in the case of overstay. The study has found that with the development of tourism, some negative impacts have been seen such as prostitution which in latter days has been decreased. These all impacts can leave deep and lasting consequences on the development of tourism, host communities and the destination. The study shows that Nepal is still safest tourist destination in the world. Keywords: Tourism, Security, Crime, Development Tourism Tourism has been studied from different prospective by different scholars. There are various meanings and definitions given by different scholars on different perspectives. O' Reilly (2000:43; in Franklin, 2003:27) argues that many theorists including Graburn (1989), Smith(1989) and Voase(1995), define tourism 'more by what it is not than by what it is- It is not home and it is not work; it is a change of scenery and lifestyle, an inversion of the normal. Tourism brings great benefits to people but it has also some negative impacts. One must accept that tourism is neither a blessings nor a blight neither poison nor panacea. Tourism has been referred to as "goose that not only lays a golden egg, but also fouls * Professor Dr. Ramesh Raj Kunwar is anthropologist and tourism educationist by profession. He is the former Dean of Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Nepal, and also former Dean of Nepalese Military Academy, Kharipati, Bhaktapur. Currently, he is teaching at the Central Department of Culture, Tribhuvan University. **Shanti Barmashkha has done Master in Business Studies from Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. She is also the ex-student of Master in Conflict, Peace and Development Studies, Tribhuvan University. 2 Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education (Vol. 4) its own nest (Aramberri, 2001 in Kunwar 2012:42). In one hand, tourism reinforces preservation of heritage and tradition but on the other hand, it degrades cultural environment and become a commercial form of entertainment for tourists which is called trivialization. Similarly, tourism not only degrades physical environment but also creates social problems like gambling, prostitution and crime which can destroy fame of a country. Nepal as a tourist destination Natural scenic landscape and biodiversity, high Himalayas, incomparable cultural heritage and other numerous peculiarities have made Nepal a well-known destination in the world tourism map with a distinct image (NTB, 2009). The exotic natural beauties, great Himalayas and diverse cultures have made Nepal best places among tourists. Tourism for Nepalese people is not an interest but it is compulsion because Nepal can not compete with other developed countries from the perspective of development so, it has become the panacea for the development of Nepal ( Kunwar, 2013: 5). Tourism plays an important role in bringing foreign currency and creating various economic opportunities to local people. The people involve in different tourists activities to earn their livelihood. The tourist activities in Nepal can be divided into four part: Aerial, Terrestrial, Aquatic and Niches. The aerial activities include mountain flight, hang gliding, paragliding, cable car, bungee jumping, ultra light air craft, hot air ballooning and sky diving. Similarly, the terrestrial includes mountaineering, trekking/hiking, jungle safari, wild life, honey hunting, mountain biking, rock climbing, caving, skiing, golf, elephant polo, motor rally, Himalayan marathon, triathlon, pony treks. The Aquatic includes rafting, kayaking, canoeing, boating, fishing, angling, cascading, jet ski. Similarly, Niches include eco tourism, village tourism, community tourism, agro- tourism, culture tourism, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, educational tourism, health and wellness tourism, special interest tours (Govt. of Nepal, Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation, 2009: 13). Statistics of tourist According to Nepal Tourism Statistics, the total tourist arrival in 2011 was 736,215 and among them 352,059 was males and 384,156 were females. The number of tourists is also categorized on the basis of their purpose such as study, holiday, trekking, expedition, business, pilgrimage, official, conference, travel and others. Among these purposes, travel or visit occupied the highest number of visitors which is 395,511 and the second largest is trekking which is 81948. The total earning from tourism in Nepal in fiscal year 2067/68 was 321,456 US$. The average length of stay was 13.12 days and within their stay, one tourist spend 38.2 US$ a day. Significance of study Safety and security are vital to providing quality in tourism. More than any other economic activity, the success or failure of a tourism destination depends on being able Kunwar/Barmashkha: Tourism and Crime... 3 to provide a safe and secure environment for visitors. Thus, an enviable perception as being a relatively safe region is among its major assets as a tourist destination. It is a factor that has served the region well and is expected to remain with us in the future. However, we cannot be complacent, since there is an emerging consensus that crime - which raises
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