DOCSLIB.ORG

With a Review of the Known Chrysopid Fossils (Insecta: Neuroptera)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
With a Review of the Known Chrysopid Fossils (Insecta: Neuroptera) Advances in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Neuropterology. Berg en Dal. Kmger National Park, R.S.A., 1988. Mansell, M.W. & Aswck H. (Eds). Pretoria, R.S.A. 1990. Pp. 27-32. Paleochrysopa monteilsensis gen. et sp. nov., a new fossil of Chrysopidae from the Upper Eocene Formation of Monteils (France), with a review of the known chrysopid fossils (Insecta: Neuroptera) Yves SEMERIA & Andrt NEL Nice, France & La Ciotat, France RESUME Description d'un nouveau genre et d'une nouvelle espece de Chrysopidae fossile originaire de la rtgion d'A1t.s (Gard, France). I1 s'agit du plus ancien representant connu de la sous-famille des Chrysopinae: Paleochrysopa monteilsensis gen. et sp. nov. ABSTRACT The oldest known species of fossil Chrysopinae, from the Monteils Formation, Upper Eocene in the vicinity of Ales (Gard, France), is described as Paleochrysopa monteilsensis gen. et sp. nov. Key words: Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysopinae, fossil, Paleochrysopa monteilsensis, new genus, new spe- cies, Upper Eocene, France. INTRODUCTION A right forewing of Chrysopidae of Upper Eocene age (Lower Ludian) was recently dis- covered in the lacustrine limestone level of the Monteils Formation, 10 km east of Albs. Although the apex and the base are missing, the wing provides sufficiently distinct characters to warrant its study. Psyllids and psocids are also abundant in the same limestone forma- tion (Nel, unpublished data). Genus Paleochrysopa gen. nov. Type species: Paleochrysopa monteilsensis sp. nov., described below. Etymology: from the Greek Palaios and Chrysopa: ancient Chrysopa. Diagnosis: Forewing similar to those of modern genera in the subfamily Chrysopinae, but with two important combined characters, namely, intramedian cell triangular-oval in shape, but very distal to the origin of the radial sector (Rs) and pseudomedian (PsM) not absolutely rectilinear. Paleochrysopa monteilsensis sp. nov. Holotype: part and counterpart of a wing fragment, Institut de Paltontologie de MusCum Fig. 1. Diagram of thc Farcwing of Pnleochwsnpa montetciisensis gn. et sp. mv. Fig. 2. FossiE wing of Puleorh~.~op~rnt~f~rrr!rmsi.\ gen. ct bp. nov In lacus1 r~nt limestone of the Montells Formation. France. A new fossil chrysopid National Histoire naturelle de Paris, France, IPM-R07719 (and 368 in the Monteils ser- ies, collection AndrC Nel). Horizon and type locality: Upper Eocene, Lower Ludian, Monteils Formation, Gard Depart- ment, France. Etymology: derived from the name of the Monteils Formation in which the holotype was found. Diagnosis: Total length of wing probably 15mm; maximum width 4,9mm. Five cells be- tween the PsM and pseudocubital (PsCu) distal to the intrarnedian cell. Apex of wing round- ed. Costal area probably contained 23 to 24 costal veins. Description: Wing hyaline; length preserved 10mm. The subcosta (Sc) and the radius (R) remain distinct along their entire length, but deviate slightly away from each other near the apex, the maximum deviation between them being 0,215mm. These two veins are covered by setae (very dense in the apical part); other setae, in fewer numbers, can be distinguished on all other veins. Length of the longest seta is 0,18 mm. Apex of wing rounded. The costal area has 16 visible costal veins; costal area narrows progressively towards its apex; maximum width of this area is 0,88mm. The costa (C) and Sc rejoin at 0,98mm from the apex of the wing; there are two small transverse veins between Sc and R close to the end of R and Sc. The PsM is almost rectilinear but less so than in wings of present-day Chrysopinae, and forms an angle of 70" with the inner gradate cross- veins. The PsCu is almost rectilinear and parallel to the PsM; it is not preceded by a series of external gradate crossveins; these branch directly on the PsM. Maximum width be- tween the PsM and PsCu is 0,84mm; maximum width between the PsCu and the lower margin of the wing is 0,98mm. The intramedian cell is incomplete; it does not resemble the form of an elongate pentagon. A vein probably existed, which originated at the distal end of this cell and extended in the direction of the PsCu (Fig. 1). The maximum width of the intramedian cell is very distal to the origin of Rs, similar to the more primitive genera of Chrysopidae (Carpenter 1935: 261). DISCUSSION The examination of this specimen shows features which are not present in Nothochrysi- nae, in fact, the inner gradate crossveins do not extend the PsM at all. It forms, on the contrary, a large open angle with the latter, as is the case in Chrysopinae. On the other hand, it is evident that the intramedian cell, despite its being damaged, has a shape very similar to that found in many modern genera of Chrysopinae (triangular oval cell). Final- ly, the border of this cell is relatively distant from the second transverse vein situated between the Rs and PsM. With few exceptions, the intramedian cell, by its large size in most modern and fossil Nothochrysinae reaches this second vein. In another respect Paleochrysopa manifests two relatively archaic features within the Chrysopinae: the respec- tive positions of the intramedian cell and the origin of Rs almost resembles that of the Nothochrysinae (the modern genus Italochrysa Principi of the subfamily Chrysopinae shows the same feature). The PsM is not absolutely rectilinear but forms a weak "zig-zag". The other fossil of Chrysopinae, Chrysopa sarmatica Handschin, 1937, differs from the new species in the following features: in C, sarmatica the cells of the first row, between R and Rs are nearly of equal height, whilst they are not equal in P. monteilsensis; the wing of the latter is distinctly wider than the former (4,9mm compared to 4mm); the trans- verse veins which extend from the PsCu to the hind margin of the wing, do not bifurcate in C, sarmatica ; finally, C. sarmatica does not possess the two archaic structures of PsM and respective position of Rs and intramedian cell that is present in Paleochrysopa. Y. Se'me'ria & A. Nel This discovery completely disrupts our knowledge concerning the fossil Chrysopinae. In fact, the origin of the Chrysopinae may well be in the Upper Cretaceous and, since then, a more ancient separation between the Chrysopinae and the Apochrysopinae will have to be assumed. Yet, the very recent manifestation of the latter subfamily of which we possess no definite fossil, its meagre representation (1 1 genera, 25 species), its absence from Europe and North America (New 1984), rather suggests a relatively recent relation- ship between these two subfamilies. The origin of the Apochrysinae seems to be very ob- scure. Either the Apochrysinae detached from the Chrysopinae during the Tertiary, then the division between the Apochrysinae and the Chrysopinae is paraphyletic, or the Apochry- sinae are very old and their origin is to be found in the Upper Cretaceous, in a common stem group with the Chrysopinae. Paleochrysopa monteilsensis gen. et sp. nov., appears to be a member of the Chrysopinae and presently represents the most ancient known fossil from this group. COMPLETE LIST OF KNOWN FOSSILS OF CHRYSOPIDAE Mesochrysinae 1. Mesochrysopa zitteli Handlirsch, 1908, Germany, Solnhofen and U. S.S. R., Karatau, Upper Jurassic . 2. Mesypochrysa latipennis Martynov, 1927, U.S. S .R., Karatau, Upper Jurassic. 3. Aristonymphes perfectus Panfilov, 1980, U. S .S.R., Kazakhstan, Upper Jurassic. 4. Macronympha elegans Panfilov, 1980, U. S.S. R., Kazakhstan, Upper Jurassic. 5. Chrysoleonites intactus Panfilov, 1980, U.S.S.R., Kazakhstan, Upper Jurassic. 6. Chrysoleonites plexus Panfilov, 1980, U.S.S.R., Kazakhstan, Upper Jurassic. 7. Nymphoides latus Panfilov, 1980, U.S.S.R., Kazakhstan, Upper Jurassic. Nothochrysinae 8. Cimbrochrysa moleriensis Schliiter, 1982, Denmark, moler, diatomaceous earth, Lower Eocene. 9. Chrysopidae (undetermined species), Jarzembowski, 1980, England, Isle of Wight, Upper Eocene, Upper Priabonian. 10. Dyspetochrysa vetuscula (Scudder , 1890), U.S.A., Florissant, Lower Oligocene (Wilson 1978). 11. Archaeochrysa fracta (Cockerell, 1914), U.S.A., Florissant, Oligocene. 12. Archaeochrysa paranewis Adams, 1967, U. S.A., Florissant, Oligocene. 13. Palaeochrysa stricta Scudder , 1890, U.S.A., Florissant and Creede Formation, Oligocene. 14. Palaeochrysa wickhami (Cockerell, 1914), U. S .A., Florissant, Oligocene. 15. Palaeochrysa concinnula (Cockerell, 1909), U.S.A., Florissant, Oligocene. 16. Tribochrysa inaequalis Scudder, 1890, U .S.A., Florissant, Oligocene. A new fossil chrysopid 17. Tribochrysa firrnata Scudder, 1890, U. S.A. , Florissant , Oligocene. 18. Notochrysa stampieni Nel & SCmCria, 1986, France, Aix-en-Provence, Upper Oligocene. 19. Archaeochrysa creedei (Carpenter, 1935), U.S.A. Creede Formation, Upper Oligocene or Lower Miocene (Wilson 1978). 20. Notochrysa praeclara Statz, 1936, Germany, Rott, Oligo-Miocene. 21 Chrysopidae (undetermined) designated as Chrysopa sp., Barbu, 1939, Switzerland, Savcel-les-Bains, OltCnie, Miocene (Vindobonian, Sarmatian). 22. Chrysopidae (undetermined species) Martynova, 1949, U.S.S.R., Stavropol, Miocene. 23. Hypochrysodes hercyniensis Schliiter, 1982, Germany, Willershausen, Pliocene. Chryopinae 24. Paleochrysopa monteilsensis SCmCria & Nel, 1990, France, Monteils Formation, Upper Eocene, Lower Ludian. 25. Chrysopa sarmatica Handschin, 1937, Roumania, Mdia Region, Magyar saros, Miocene (Upper Sarmatian or Lower Pontian). REFERENCES ADAMS, P.A. 1967. A review of the Mesochrysinae and Nothochrysinae (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 135: 214-238. BARBU, I.Z. 1939. Insectes fossiles du tertiaire de l'Olt6nie. Bulletin de la Socie'te Roumaine de Gkologie 4: 119-128. CARPENTER, F.M. 1935. Tertiary insects of the family Chrysopidae. Journal of Paleontology 9: 259-271. CARPENTER, F.M. 1938. Fossil insects from the Creede formation Colorado. Part I: Introduction and order Neuroptera. Psyche 45: 105-109. COCKERELL, T.D. A. 1908. Fossil Chrysopidae. Canadian Entomologist 40: 90-91. COCKERELL, T.D.A. 1909. Two fossil Chrysopidae. Canadian Entomologist 41: 218-219. COCKERELL, T.D.A. 1914. New and little-known insects from the miocene of Florissant, Colorado.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fish, Various Invertebrates
    Zambezi Basin Wetlands Volume II : Chapters 7 - 11 - Contents i Back to links page CONTENTS VOLUME II Technical Reviews Page CHAPTER 7 : FRESHWATER FISHES .............................. 393 7.1 Introduction .................................................................... 393 7.2 The origin and zoogeography of Zambezian fishes ....... 393 7.3 Ichthyological regions of the Zambezi .......................... 404 7.4 Threats to biodiversity ................................................... 416 7.5 Wetlands of special interest .......................................... 432 7.6 Conservation and future directions ............................... 440 7.7 References ..................................................................... 443 TABLE 7.2: The fishes of the Zambezi River system .............. 449 APPENDIX 7.1 : Zambezi Delta Survey .................................. 461 CHAPTER 8 : FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS ................... 487 8.1 Introduction ................................................................. 487 8.2 Literature review ......................................................... 488 8.3 The Zambezi River basin ............................................ 489 8.4 The Molluscan fauna .................................................. 491 8.5 Biogeography ............................................................... 508 8.6 Biomphalaria, Bulinis and Schistosomiasis ................ 515 8.7 Conservation ................................................................ 516 8.8 Further investigations .................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Chrysopidae of Canada (Neuroptera): Recent Acquisitions Chiefly in British Columbia and Yukon
    .I. ENTOMOL. soc. BRIT. COLUMBIA 97. DECEMBER 2000 39 The Chrysopidae of Canada (Neuroptera): recent acquisitions chiefly in British Columbia and Yukon J. A. GARLAND 1011 CARLING AVENUE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA KI Y 4E7 ABSTRACT Chryso pidae collected sin ce 1980 chiefly in British Co lumbi a and Yuk on, Canada, and some late additi ons co ll ected before \980, are reported. :Vinela gravida (Banks) is reported for th e first time in th e last 90 years. This is th e first supplement to th e inventory of Chryso pid ae in Can ada. Key words: Ne uroptera, Chryso pidae, Canada INTRODUCTION The chrysopid faun a of Canada, as presentl y und erstood (Garland 1984, 1985), has been full y in ve ntori ed up to 1980 (Garl and 1982). Since then , newl y co ll ected specimens in British Columbia and th e Yukon, and some older-dated specimens not previously seen, have become availabl e. The purpose of publishing th ese spec imen label data is to suppl ement th e already extensive in ve ntory oflabel data on th e Ca nadi an chrysopid fauna, thereby ex tending it to the year 2000. Materi als an d meth ods appropri ate to thi s study have been doc um ented elsewhere (Garl and 2000). All specimens reported here are depos it ed in the Spence r Entomologica l Museum, Department of Zoo logy, University of Briti sh Co lumbi a. Ac ronyms used below: BC , British Co lumbia; SK, Sas katch ewan; and YK , Yukon Territory.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Green Lacewings from the Late Eocene Baltic Amber
    The first green lacewings from the late Eocene Baltic amber VLADIMIR N. MAKARKIN, SONJA WEDMANN, and THOMAS WEITERSCHAN Makarkin, V.N., Wedmann, S., and Weiterschan, T. 2018. The first green lacewings from the late Eocene Baltic amber. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63 (3): 527–537. Pseudosencera baltica gen. et sp. nov. of Chrysopinae (Chrysopidae, Neuroptera) is described from Baltic amber. Additionally, another species, Nothochrysa? sp. (Nothochrysinae), is left in the open nomenclature. Pseudosencera bal- tica gen. et sp. nov. represents the oldest confident record of Chrysopinae. The new genus lacks the apparent forewing intramedian cell, and possesses three character states not found in other Chrysopinae: the simple AA1, the short basal crossvein between M and Cu, and 5‒6 rings of setae on the antennal flagellomeres. This genus is probably a special- ised form in a basal branch of Chrysopinae, that could not be attributed to any of the known tribes. The specimen of Nothochrysa? sp. consists only of fragments of the forewings. The late Eocene Baltic amber represents the oldest horizon where Chrysopinae and Nothochrysinae are found to coexist. It is highly likely that Chrysopidae were extremely rare in these forests. Key words: Neuroptera, Chrysopinae, Nothochrysinae, Cenozoic, Baltic amber. Vladimir N. Makarkin [[email protected]], Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. Sonja Wedmann [[email protected]], Senckenberg Forschungsstation Grube Messel, Markstrasse 35, D-64409 Messel, Germany. Thomas Weiterschan [[email protected]], Forsteler Strasse 1, 64739 Höchst Odw., Germany. Received 16 May 2018, accepted 5 July 2018, available online 23 July 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
    Zootaxa 3351: 1–14 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A new genus of Neotropical Chrysopini (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) FRANCISCO SOSA1 & SERGIO DE FREITAS2 1 Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado”, Museo Entomológico “Dr. José Manuel Osorio” (UCOB), Barquisimeto, Lara, . E-mail: [email protected] 2 Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil (deceased) Abstract Titanochrysa Sosa & Freitas is a new genus of Neotropical Chrysopini (Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae) recorded from Costa Rica, Venezuela and Brazil. Titanochrysa gen. nov. shares several external and genitalic characters with Ceraeochrysa Adams, 1982; Chrysopodes Navás, 1913; Cryptochrysa Freitas & Penny, 2000; Parachrysopiella Brooks & Barnard, 1990 and Ungla Navás 1914. It may be distinguished from those genera by its very long sternite 8+9, sternites 2–8 usually with microtholi, male geni- talia with the dorsal surface of the arcessus striated, gonosaccus well-developed, bearing elongate gonosetae and microsetae, and a spoon-like gonapsis. Herein, Titanochrysa circumfusa (Burmeister, 1939) [= Chrysopodes circumfusa (Burmeister)] comb. nov. and Titanochrysa pseudovaricosa (Penny) [= Ceraeochrysa pseudovaricosa Penny, 1998] comb. nov. were identi- fied; Titanochrysa ferreirai Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. and Titanochrysa trespuntensis Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. were described. The external morphology, and male and female genitalia of all these species
    [Show full text]
  • Electrophoretic Studies in the Genus Chrysopa (S
    Progress in World's Neuropterology. Gepp J-, H. Aspöck & H. Hölzel ed., 265 pp~, 1984, Graz. Electrophoretic Studies in the Genus Chrysopa (s. 1.), Evolutionary and Phylogenetic Inferences By L. BULLINI (Rome), M. M. PRINCIPI (Bologna) and R. CIANCIO (Rome) The taxonomy at the genus level of the subfamily Chrysopinae, and particularly of the old genus Chrysopa LEACH, represents till now an open problem. Different attempts of classification were made by several authors. TJEDER (1966,1972) splitted the genus Chrysopa (s. 1.) in various genera and subdivided the genus Chrysopa (s. str.) in a number of subgenera, on the basis of differences in male genital urites and external genital organs. This subdivision appears supported by studies on abdomen morphology of imagoes and on larval morphology, ethology and development, carried out by PRINCIPI (1977). HÖLZEL (1970) considered in the genus Chrysopa (s. str.) only the species with distinct 8° and 9° urosternites, including in other genera the species presenting them fused. The genus Anisochrysa sensu HÖLZEL (1970) comprehended two remarkably differentiated groups of species: the subgenera Chrysoperla and Anisochrysa, differing for genitalia and lar- val morphology, development and ethology, as pointed out by PRINCIPI (1956, 1977) and SÉMÉRIA (1977). The latter author proposed on such bases to consider Chrysoperla as a distinct genus. Finally, Chrysopa (s. str.), Chrysoperla and Anisochrysa were considered as distinct genera by ASPÖCK et al. (1980) in their recent revision on European Neuroptera. The problem of the phylogenetic relationships among the species of the genus Chrysopa (sensu latu) was approached by us with multilocus electrophoretic techniques. Their use in taxonomy and the evidence they provide for phylogenetic interpretation were pointed out in a number of recent papers (see for instance AVISE, 1975; BULLINI and SBORDONI, 1980).
    [Show full text]
  • Pollen Resources Used by Chrysoperla Agilis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in the Azores, Portugal
    NOTE Eur. J. Entomol. 111(1): 143–146, 2014 doi: 10.14411/eje.2014.015 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Pollen resources used by Chrysoperla agilis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in the Azores, Portugal LEILA NUNES MORGADO, ROBERTO RESENDES, MÓNICA MOURA and MARIA A. MATEUS VENTURA CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo Açores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal, e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Key words. Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysoperla agilis, beneficial insect, Azores Archipelago, foraging behavior, palynology, trophic resources Abstract. There are approximately 1200 described species of Chrysopidae, many of which are predators of agricultural pests. Spe- cies of Chrysoperla are mass-produced and sold for use as biological control agents of agricultural pests in Europe, Asia, North and South America. Chrysoperla agilis, a member of the “carnea group” of Chrysoperla, has the potential to be biocontrol agent and is native to the Azores, and therefore a local candidate for use in IPM of pests, such as aphids and scale insects. Given that many adult Chrysopidae feed on pollen and honeydew and the biology of Ch. agilis is not well understood, we studied the preferences of Ch. agilis adults living in a greenhouse on the campus of the University of the Azores for feeding on different types of pollen. Twenty-six species of flowering plants, belonging to 16 families and 24 genera, all previously recorded on São Miguel Island, were found in the greenhouse.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysopinae, Chrysopini) with Markedly Divergent Adult and Larval Features
    Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 44(2), pp. 69–85, May 22, 2018 Kuwayamachrysa, a New Genus of Lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysopinae, Chrysopini) with Markedly Divergent Adult and Larval Features Shigehiko Tsukaguchi1 and Toshihiro Tago2 1 10–10–203 Kanbara, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 662–0021, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 1–29–13–101 Motogou, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332–0011, Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 22 March 2018; accepted 28 March 2018) Abstract The authors describe Kuwayamachrysa gen. nov. from northeastern Asia–Japan, Korea and Russian Far East. This new genus is characterized by a number of extraordinary features in the male and female genitalia, and also in the pattern of larval setation. In the male genitalia, there is a uniquely asymmetrical and intersecting gonapsis; in the female genitalia, a bursa-vela connector, vaginal frame and laminate link are present; and in the first instar, secondary setae occur on both thoracic and abdominal segments. The type species of the monotypic genus is Chrysopa kichijoi Kuwayama, 1936. It is redescribed with emphasis on the adult abdominal hypodermal coloration, female terminalia, and larval morphology (first and third instars), all of which were previously unknown. Several features of the new genus are compared with those of other genera: (i) the mor- phology of the gonapsis in relation to the dorsal membrane of the 9th sternite (ii) the morphology of newly described features (bursa-vela connector, vaginal frame and laminate link), and (iii) the first and third instar patterns of setation. Key words: Chrysopini, genitalia, Japan, kichijoi, Korea, Kuwayamachrysa, larval setation, new combination, new genus, Russian Far East.
    [Show full text]
  • Fauna Europaea: Neuropterida (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera)
    Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4830 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e4830 Data Paper Fauna Europaea: Neuropterida (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) Ulrike Aspöck‡§, Horst Aspöck , Agostino Letardi|, Yde de Jong ¶,# ‡ Natural History Museum Vienna, 2nd Zoological Department, Burgring 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria § Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology, Medical University (MUW), Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria | ENEA, Technical Unit for Sustainable Development and Agro-industrial innovation, Sustainable Management of Agricultural Ecosystems Laboratory, Rome, Italy ¶ University of Amsterdam - Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands # University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland Corresponding author: Ulrike Aspöck ([email protected]), Horst Aspöck (horst.aspoeck@meduni wien.ac.at), Agostino Letardi ([email protected]), Yde de Jong ([email protected]) Academic editor: Benjamin Price Received: 06 Mar 2015 | Accepted: 24 Mar 2015 | Published: 17 Apr 2015 Citation: Aspöck U, Aspöck H, Letardi A, de Jong Y (2015) Fauna Europaea: Neuropterida (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera). Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4830. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e4830 Abstract Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education.
    [Show full text]
  • The Green Lacewings of Florida (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae). 1
    Entomology Circular No. 400 Fla. Dept. Agric. & Consumer Serv. May/June 2000 Division of Plant Industry The Green Lacewings of Florida (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae). 1. Genera1 Lionel A. Stange2 INTRODUCTION: The Chrysopidae are one of the largest and economically most important families of the Neuroptera. There are about 1,300 currently recognized species included in about 87 genera and 3 subfamilies (Brooks and Bernard 1990) in the world. In Florida there are 22 species in 9 genera, all placed in the subfamily Chrysopinae (Penny et al. 1997). The larvae are voracious predators of small, comparatively soft-bodied arthropods such as aphids, scale insects, whiteflies, thrips, insect eggs and other prey (Muma 1959; Canard et al. 1984). For this reason they are widely used in biological control. The adults are usually predators, but a few species feed on pollen. 2 Figs. 1-4. 1. Dorsal view of head and pronotum, Plesiochrysa brasiliensis (Schneider); 2. Frontal view of head, 1 Chrysopodes collaris (Schneider); 3. Leucochrysa insularis (Walker); 4. Larva, Ceraeochrysa valida (Banks). Photography credit: Jeffrey Lotz, DPI 3 4 1 Entomology Contribution No. 926. Bureau of Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology. Entomology Section. 2 Taxonomic Entomologist, FDACS, Division of Plant Industry, P.O. Box 147100, Gainesville, FL 32614-7100. 1st cross vein 1st cross vein radial sector radial sector im im im Inner Gradates Psm M im Cu 1 Outer MP 1+2 Gradates Figs. 5-9. 5. Base of fore wing, Chrysoperla sp.; 6. Base of fore wing, Chrysopa sp.; 7. Base of fore wing, Leucochrysa insularis; 8. Fore wing of Chrysopa sp.; 9.
    [Show full text]
  • A Taxonomic Review of the Common Green Lacewing Genus Chrysoperla (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
    Bull. Br. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 63(2): 137-210 Issued 24 November 1994 A taxonomic review of the common green lacewing genus Chrysoperla (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) S.J. BROOKS Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5 ED CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................... ........... 137 Historical review .................................................................................... 138 Generic classification ............................................................................ 138 Species classification ............................................................................. 139 Materials and methods ............................................................................. 140 Abbreviations ........................................................................................ 140 Acknowledgements ................................................................................. 141 The systematic position of Chrysoperla ........................................................ 141 Species affinities within Chrysoperla ........................................................... 142 Chrysoperla Steinmann .. .. ... .... .. .. ... .. ... ... ... ... .... .. .... .. ..... ... ... 143 Key to the world Chrysoperla species ....................................................... 144 Species descriptions .............................................................................. 146 Synoptic checklist of the species of Chrysoperla ............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Tolerance and Susceptibility to Conventional and Biorational Insecticides in Chrysoperla Externa and C
    Evaluation insecticides of tolerance in in Chrysoperla externa Chrysoperla and susceptibility Chrysopidae and to ) C. C. conventional asoralis ( Neuroptera and biorational : Evaluation of tolerance and susceptibility to Marina Haramboure conventional and biorational insecticides in Chrysoperla externa and C. asoralis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Marina Haramboure 2016 ISBN 978-90-5989-874-5 Evaluation of tolerance and susceptibility to conventional and biorational insecticides in Chrysoperla externa and C. asoralis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Marina Haramboure Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor (PhD) in Applied Biological Sciences at the Faculty of Bioscience Engineering of Ghent University, Belgium, with co-tutelage with the Post-Graduate Program of the National University of La Plata, Argentina “the top environmental problems are selfishness, greed and apathy… … and to deal with those we need a spiritual and cultural transformation.” Gus Speth Promoters: Prof. Dr. ir. Guy Smagghe Department of Crop Protection Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Dr. Marcela Inés Schneider Center of Parasitological and Vectors Studies Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum National University of La Plata, Argentina Dr. Raúl Adolfo Alzogaray Scientific and Technical Research for Defence National University of San Martín, Argentina Chair of the examination Prof. Dr. Els J.M. Van Damme commitee: Department of Molecular Biotechnology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Members of the examination Prof. Dr. Nancy Greco commitee: Pests Ecology and Biological Control Center of Parasitological and Vectors Studies Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum National University of La Plata, Argentina Prof. Dr. Gabriela Luna Pests Ecology and Biological Control Center of Parasitological and Vectors Studies Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum National University of La Plata, Argentina Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Species of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera)
    AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY / SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000412013 Species of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) associated to trellised tomato crops in two cities of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil Espécies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) associadas à cultura do tomateiro estaqueado em dois municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Alexandre Pinho de Moura1*, Jorge Anderson Guimarães1, Renildo Ismael Félix da Costa2, Paulo Sérgio Torres Brioso3 ABSTRACT: This research aimed to investigate the diversity of RESUMO: Objetivou-se, com a presente pesquisa, conhecer a species of lacewings (Chrysopidae) associated to trellised tomato diversidade de espécies de crisopídeos (Chrysopidae) em cultivos crops in the counties of Cambuci and Seropédica, in Rio de Janeiro de tomateiro estaqueado localizados nos municípios de Cambuci State, Brazil. Eggs and adults of chrysopids were collected, manually e Seropédica, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Ovos de crisopídeos foram and by oral suction device, respectively, in Cambuci (commercial coletados manualmente, e os adultos do predador, com o uso de farming) and Seropédica (experimental farming). Four species were aspirador bucal em lavoura comercial, em Cambuci, e em lavoura obtained: Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider, 1851), Ceraeochrysa sp1., experimental, em Seropédica. Em Seropédica foram obtidas quatro Chrysopodes elongatus (Freitas; Penny, 2001) and Chrysopodes sp1. espécies de crisopídeos: Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider, 1851), in the experimental farming in Seropédica, while in the commercial Ceraeochrysa sp1., Chrysopodes elongatus (Freitas; Penny, 2001) farming in Cambuci only two species were found: Chrysoperla externa e Chrysopodes sp1. e em Cambuci, duas espécies: Chrysoperla (Hagen, 1861) and Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861). externa (Hagen, 1861) e Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861). KEYWORDS: biological control; diversity; green lacewings; PALAVRAS-CHAVE: controle biológico; crisopídeos, diversidade; predators; Solanum lycopersicum.
    [Show full text]