FACT SHEET Third Outcome Survey province June 2018 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district,

ChildFund is the representative office of ChildFund Australia – an independent and non-religious international development organisation that works to reduce poverty for children in developing communities.

ChildFund Australia is a member of the ChildFund Alliance – a global network of 11 organisations which assists more than 14 million children and their families in over 60 countries. ChildFund Australia is a registered charity, a member of the Australian Council for International Development, and fully accredited by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade which manages the Australian Government’s overseas aid program.

ChildFund began working in Cambodia in 2007, and works in partnership with children, their communities and local institutions to create lasting change, respond to humanitarian emergencies and promote children’s rights. Projects are implemented in the rural provinces of Svay Rieng, Kratie, Battambang, as well as urban , focused on improving living standards for excluded or marginalised communities.

With a focus on child protection and resilience, quality education, sustainable livelihoods, improved local governance, child nutrition, water and sanitation, and youth empowerment, ChildFund Cambodia is also working to improve early grade reading performance through technology interventions, and strengthen national community- based child protection mechanisms. ChildFund Cambodia implements its programs in collaboration with local civil society organisations, and in partnership with the relevant ministries and government departments.

ChildFund Cambodia Street address: #14, Street 240, Sangkat Chaktomuk, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Mailing address: P. O. Box 93, Phnom Penh Phone: +855 (0) 23 997 113 Email: [email protected]

Author: Sona Chhun Designer: Pisey Khun Photography: ChildFund staff Print: September 2018

2 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

BACKGROUND

The results of the outcome impact survey are presented to representatives of communities and other local develop- ment partners. They check the validity of the findings by comparing them with their own knowledge and experience. Discussions then follow, in both affinity and community groups, and partner which lead to community members recommending broad directions and priorities for ChildFund Australia to address in ongoing development projects.

The result of the report of lmpact is about long-term change in Svay Chrum District, Svay Rieng Province, and ChildFund Cambodia’s contribution to it. You have identified the impact of ChildFund Cambodia’s work across areas of the District during the last four years.

ChildFund Cambodia recognizes the importance of this outcome report of lmpact. We will use it to enable ChildFund Cambodia, partner and relevance stakeholder to enhance our future activities in Svay Crum District in order to better serve communities and to respond to the real needs and issues of children, and young people.

ChildFund Cambodia commits to continue its work in, Svay Rieng Province as well as other target areas in Svay Rieng Province forthe benefit of children and young people.

METHODS

SURVEY METHODOLOGY

The ChildFund’s Outcome Indicator Survey is based on Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS). In LQAS the entire program area is divided into meaningful ‘lots’ (here we used communes) from which random samples of the target groups are selected. The basic measure is a binary outcome (yes/no or acceptable/not acceptable) for each outcome indicator. In addition, numerical information from each lot can be aggregated to provide a coverage estimate for the entire program area. 1

1 This is usually expressed as a percentage with 95% Confidence Interval (CI).

3 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

INDICATORS AND DATA COLLECTION

The full survey covered 18 core indicators and 6 complementary indicators. It was broken down into four separate questionnaires for administration to (1) Mothers 15–49 years with children aged 0–59 months, (2) Children 6–14 years, (3) Youth 15–24 years, and (4) local authorities. 5 days for data collection and 1 day for 10% of verifica- tion data collection by 24 interviewers using tablets for data collection. A total of 756 respondents was surveyed including 10% of verification. All data have been extracted from KoBoToolbok (Open-sources tool for mobile data collection) to Ms. Excel and SPSS for data cleaning and analysis.

A table below shows sample size by supervision areas and target populations in six supervision areas in Svay Chrum district.

Table 1: Sample size for each of target populations surveyed by commune

Communes Mothers Boys Girls Males Females Local Total 15–49 6–14 6–14 15–24 15–24 authority persons years years years years years with children 0–59 months

Angk Ta Sou 19 19 19 19 19 19 114 Kouk Pring 19 19 19 19 19 19 114 Svay Angk 19 19 19 19 19 19 114 Svay Thum 19 19 19 19 19 19 114 Svay Yea 19 19 19 19 19 19 114 Ta Suos 19 19 19 19 19 19 114 Total 114 114 114 114 114 114 684

4 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

The table below shows the summary of findings broken down by the target population (mothers, children, youths and local authority) and themes (access to assets, voice and agency, protection and power). Column 3 provides information on an average coverage for the whole Program Area, while Columns 4-9 indicate which Supervision Area (commune) should be a High, Medium or Low Priority for intervention.

Table 2: Svay Chrum District Indicator Survey Summary Table, May 2018

Indi- Outcome indicator Coverage & Level of Priority per Commune cator Confidence Angk Kouk Svay Svay Svay Ta Code Interval Ta Sou Pring Angk Thum Yea Suos Access to assets CR1 Skilled birth assistance 99.2% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal (97.6 – 100) Primary school completion (12-16 years old) Adolescents (Boys) 66.5% High Normal Normal Normal Normal High CR2 (56.7–76.4) Adolescents (Girls) 69.5% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal (59.8–79.3) Reading performance (Fluency) • Boys 40.0% N/A Normal Normal High Normal Normal (30.0 – 50.0) • Girls 43.2% Normal Normal Normal High Normal N/A CR3 (33.1 – 53.3) • Male Youth 39.5% Normal Normal Normal High Normal Normal (30.7 – 48.4) • Female Youth 39.1% Normal Normal Normal High Normal Normal (30.0 – 48.1) Reading comprehension • Boys 10.8% N/A High High High High High (4.0 – 17.6) • Girls 17.8% High High High High High N/A CMP3 (9.1 – 26.5) • Male Youth 12.1% High High High High High High (6.3 – 17.8) • Female Youth 7.8% High High High High High High (2.6 – 12.9) CR4 Wasting 88.7% Normal High Normal Normal Normal Normal (82.7 – 94.6) CMP4 Stunting 57.1% Normal High High Normal Normal Normal (48.5 – 65.6) CR5 Improved, affordable water source 68.2% Normal Normal High Normal Normal Normal (59.6 – 76.9) CR6 Basic sanitation 70.5% Normal High High Normal Normal Normal (62.7 – 78.2)

5 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

Table 2: Svay Chrum District Indicator Survey Summary Table, May 2018

Indi- Outcome indicator Coverage & Level of Priority per Commune cator Confidence Angk Kouk Svay Svay Svay Ta Code Interval Ta Sou Pring Angk Thum Yea Suos CR7 Increased income spent on family 61.2% High Normal High Normal Normal Normal needs (62.7 – 78.2) Youth Not in Education, Employment of Training • Male Youth 17.1% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A CR8 (2.9 – 31.3) • Female Youth 59.5% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A (43.4 – 75.7) Use of mobile or computer to access information • Male Youth 50.3% Normal Normal High Normal Normal Normal CPM5 (40.7 – 59.7) • Female Youth 32.4% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal (23.6 – 41.2) Voice and Agency CR9 Birth registration certificate 72.8% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal High (64.4 – 81.2) Opportunities to voice opinion (family, school & community) • Boys 34.3% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal High (25.9 – 42.7) • Girls 39.1% Normal High Normal Normal Normal High CR10 (30.8 – 47.3) • Male youth 49.8% Normal Normal Normal Normal High Normal (40.7 – 58.8) • Female youth 57.7% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal (48.3 – 67.1) Participate in youth groups, clubs or other organizations • Boys 30.0% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal (21.3 – 38.6) • Girls 28.2% Normal Normal Normal Normal High Normal CR11 (20.4 – 36.1) • Male youth 38.3% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal (29.1 – 47.6) • Female youth 28.0% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal (19.7 – 36.3) Resilience (High level) • Boys 67.9% High High High Normal Normal High (60.1 – 75.7) • Girls 75.6% Normal High High Normal High Normal CR12 (68.1 – 83.1) • Male youth 76.6% High High High Normal Normal High (69.0 – 84.1) • Female youth 80.4% High High Normal High Normal High (73.2 – 87.6)

6 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

Table 2: Svay Chrum District Indicator Survey Summary Table, May 2018

Indi- Outcome indicator Coverage & Level of Priority per Commune cator Confidence Angk Kouk Svay Svay Svay Ta Code Interval Ta Sou Pring Angk Thum Yea Suos Life Evaluation • Male youth 44.9% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal CR13 (35.4 – 54.3) • Female youth 44.4% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal (34.9 – 53.8) Protection Knowledge of preventing HIV (3 Ways) • Mothers 8.6% High High High High High High (3.1 – 14.1) CR14 • Male youth 25.2% Normal Normal Normal High Normal Normal (17.8 – 32.5) • Female youth 19.8% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal (12.3 – 27.4) Disaster awareness and response • Mothers 10.9% High High High High High High (5.0 – 16.8) • Male youth 13.7% High High High High High High CR15 (7.2 – 20.1) • Female youth 12.9% High High High High High High (6.6 – 19.3) • Authority 39.7% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal (31.0 – 48.4)

7 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

Table 2: Svay Chrum District Indicator Survey Summary Table, May 2018

Indi- Outcome indicator Coverage & Level of Priority per Commune cator Confidence Angk Kouk Svay Svay Svay Ta Code Interval Ta Sou Pring Angk Thum Yea Suos Child Protection • Women 27.0% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal (18.5 – 35.5) • Boys 14.1% High High High High High High (7.6 – 20.7) • Girls 16.3% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal CR16 (9.5 – 23.1) • Male youth 31.7% Normal Normal Normal Normal High Normal (23.3 – 40.1) • Female youth 30.8% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal (22.1 – 39.6) • Authority 56.5% Normal High Normal Normal High Normal (47.6 – 65.3) Sense of Safety • Mothers 57.0% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal (47.8 – 66.3) • Boys 76.6% Normal Normal High Normal High Normal (69.1 – 84.1) CR17 • Girls 60.9% Normal High Normal Normal Normal Normal (51.7 – 70.0) • Male youth 64.5% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal (55.5 – 73.5) • Female youth 62.6% Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal (53.4 – 71.7) Power Advocacy/lobbying of a group • Mothers 3.2% High High High High High High (0.4 – 6.0) CR18 • Male youth 1.2% High High High High High High (-1.1 – 3.4) • Female youth 2.6% High High High High High High (0.0 – 5.1)

PA coverage < 34% PA coverage 34–67% PA coverage > 67%

8 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

OUTCOME INDICATORS RESULT

This Section presents selected findings—related to children and youth’s experience at home, school and community—from the 3rd Outcome survey indicator conducted in the Svay Chrum District in February-March 2018.

CR2: % of 12–16-year-old boys and girls who have completed primary education

A total number of 456 children and youths were interviewed. Out of them, 195 are adolescents who have the age 12-16 year (93 girls). In 2018, an estimated 66.5% of boys and 69.5 % of girls have completed primary education (from grade 7 up). This is lower than Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport’s data completion rates in rural is at 81.98% (85.38% females and 78.74% males) in 2016-2017. Also, the data in 2013 showed 81.0% for girls and 74% for boys. It seems to be higher than 2018 but actually we cannot compare by year because the way of data analysis is different. In 2013, this indicator measures adolescents aged from 12 to 16 year-old who already completed grade or studying grade 6. High priority should be given to increase primary school completion rates in Angk Ta Sou and Ta Suos communes (see below tables).

Table 3a: 12–16 year-old boys who have completed primary education

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 21 12 11 No High Kouk Pring 16 9 11 Yes Normal 66.5% Svay Angk 19 11 18 Yes Normal (56.7–76.4) Svay Thum 18 11 12 Yes Normal Svay Yea 15 9 11 Yes Normal Ta Suos 13 8 7 No High

Table 3b: 12–16 year-old girls who have completed primary education

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 18 11 12 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 12 7 8 Yes Normal 69.5% Svay Angk 15 9 11 Yes Normal (59.8–79.3) Svay Thum 17 10 11 Yes Normal Svay Yea 17 10 14 Yes Normal Ta Suos 14 8 9 Yes Normal

CR3: % of children and youth who perform at or above their current grade level in reading

A total number of 456 children and youths were interviewed. However, 93 of them chose not to read and could not read since the first sentence. Their Reading Skills were assessed by the Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) for further action to improve reading skills in grades 1-6. The main recommendation is that the MoEY continues with

9 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

the expansion of this reading method so that all primary school students learn to read more efficiently. The EGRA tool related reading fluency to measure the ability to hear, with a precise speed and show the right attitude. The speed of reading words-per-minute 15-20 for grade 1, 30-40 grade 2, 45-60 grade 3, 60-80 grade 4, 75-100 grade 5 and 90-120 for grade 6.

The results show that there has been a positive change in children’s reading performance from 18% in 2013 to 40.0% (n=77) in 2018 for boy and from 30% in 2013 to 43.2% (n=84) in 2018 for girl in Svay Chrum District. Also, the data from Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport in 2017 showed that 35% of grade 1, 2 and 3 students were able to read. In general, girls perform slightly better than boys on this indicator. In data validation workshop, four children out of 15 (2 are disability) said that their friends are having better reading than before. In addition, all children said we try hard in reading not only at school but also at home, they take time to go to the library and play energizing games which help to improve reading. However, children who cannot read well because they do not care and try hard in studying and always play with each other without listening teacher. They are afraid of teacher and shame to others because they got low score then they tell a lie their parents for stop going to school. Overall, there is a need to improve reading performance and a high priority should be given to Svay Thum commune (see below tables).

Table 4a: Boys who perform at or above their current grade level in reading fluency

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 9 N/A 2 N/A N/A Kouk Pring 13 3 5 Yes Normal 40.0% Svay Angk 13 3 4 Yes Normal (30.0–50.0) Svay Thum 14 4 2 No High Svay Yea 14 4 11 Yes Normal Ta Suos 14 4 6 Yes Normal

Table 4b: Girls who perform at or above their current grade level in reading fluency

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 13 4 7 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 16 5 8 Yes Normal 43.2% Svay Angk 13 4 4 Yes Normal (33.1–53.3) Svay Thum 18 6 4 No High Svay Yea 13 4 10 Yes Normal Ta Suos 11 N/A 3 N/A N/A

Results show that 39.5% (n=99) of male and 39.1% (n=103) of female youths aged 15 - 24 years perform at or above their current grade level in reading fluency. In general, both sexes perform are below children on this indicator. Although the level of reading fluency is still low among youths, there is a room improve on this indicator and a high priority should be given to Svay Thum commune, which is the lowest performing commune in reading fluency at all ages (see below tables).

10 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

In comparison to 2011 the program area shows a marked decline in the reading performance both male and female youths. In the data validation workshop, all female youths agreed with the result because youth really cannot read proficiency because they do not care about their studying, they are afraid of reading, and the pronunciation is not clear. In addition, male youths said some youth do not try hard in studying as they always play game on phone. Some stop studying in order to find out a job.

Generally, it is worse than in 2011. It is suggested that staff need to explore more in order to understand the situation of reading.

Table 5a: Male youth who perform at or above their current grade level in reading fluency

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 17 5 5 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 14 4 7 Yes Normal 39.5% Svay Angk 15 4 10 Yes Normal (30.7–48.4) Svay Thum 18 5 0 No High Svay Yea 17 5 10 Yes Normal Ta Suos 18 5 8 Yes Normal

Table 5b: Female youth who perform at or above their current grade level in reading fluency

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 15 5 5 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 6 8 Yes Normal 39.1% Svay Angk 18 6 13 Yes Normal (30.0–48.1) Svay Thum 18 6 1 No High Svay Yea 17 5 9 Yes Normal Ta Suos 16 5 7 Yes Normal

11 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

CR8: % of youth not in education, employment or training (NEET)

Out of 228 youths, 178 (F=30) were in school or university and the rest were not. An estimated 17.1% of male and 59.5% of female youths 15-24 years reported that they were not in school, attending training programs, or employed. Regarding to LQAS, the total sample size must be equal or more than 12 for each commune. However, the data for this indicator is not applicable (N/A) to find out the decision role and the priority because the total sample size for each commune do not meet the minimum standard. In 2011, youths who are not doing exploitative, harmful, or dangerous work is 86.0% being females and 84.0% being males which take into consideration having a break, being forced to do things, receiving warnings/protected tools and no injury. At this point, we cannot compare the result of 2011 and 2018. In the data validation workshop, youth representative group reported youth who are not at school, no work, not receive any training because they do not have enough capacity, knowledge, skill, and experiences. Female youth added that some youth have no power to work as they always have disease. Besides, their age is below 18 which not allow them to work yet at working places. Some youth give up their job because they do not struggle and be patient for some difficult work. Furthermore, male said youth do not have opportunity to work because they are afraid of others and always go for a walk.

Since the coverage at the Program Area level is low, ChildFund should invest in projects that will provide opportuni- ties for education and training for livelihood and employable skills.

CR10: % of children and youth who report having opportunities to voice their opinions in decisions that concern them

This indicator measures whether or not respondents have opportunities to express their opinion in three different settings: at home, at school, and in the community. Generally, girls and female youth perform better than the boy and male youth. However, it is still low in the coverage that we should take into consideration. Children’s views are rarely sought or considered in decisions affecting their lives, and society is largely unaware of the concept of children’s rights (Save the Children, 2017).

12 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

There was positive change on this indicator from 34.0% in 2013 to 39.1% in 2018 of girls aged 6-14 have oppor- tunities to express their opinion in at least two of these settings. For boy, it has increased from 24.0% in 2013 to 34.3% in 2018. In general, girls reported fewer opportunities to express their opinions than boys. In data valida- tion workshop, all children said children nowadays are more brave in speaking at home and school because older people provided them the opportunity to raise their voice and listened to them. Overall, interventions are needed to create opportunities for meaningful expression for boys and girls. Ta Suos and Kouk Pring communes should be considered high priority in addressing this issue.

Table 6a: Boys 6–14 years who report having opportunities to voice their opinions in decisions that concern them Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 5 12 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 5 5 Yes Normal 34.3% Svay Angk 19 5 11 Yes Normal (25.9–42.7) Svay Thum 19 5 5 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 5 8 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 5 3 No High

Table 6b: Girls 6–14 years who report having opportunities to voice their opinions in decisions that concern them Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 6 16 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 6 2 No High 39.1% Svay Angk 19 6 10 Yes Normal (30.8–47.3) Svay Thum 19 6 9 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 6 9 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 6 3 No High

The results among youths who have opportunities to voice their opinions are higher than children. 49.8% of male and 57.7% of female youths aged 15-24 have opportunities to express their opinions in 2018. Unlike, the data showed only 32.0% of male and 29.0% of female youths in 2013. In data validation workshop, many youths expressed they do not have opportunities to voice their opinions because they are not confident and brave, afraid of doing/saying something wrong as their knowledge are limited and lack of experiences, and feel shy. Svay Yea commune reported the lowest opportunity for male youth to share opinions. Although these results are moderate, more work should be done to improve this indicator across the ChildFund Program Area, taking into account gender differences.

13 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

Table 7a: Male youth 15–24 years who report having opportunities to voice their opinions in decisions that concern them Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 8 13 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 8 11 Yes Normal 49.8% Svay Angk 19 8 12 Yes Normal (40.7–58.8) Svay Thum 19 8 11 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 8 4 No High Ta Suos 19 8 9 Yes Normal

Table 7b: Female youth 15–24 years who report having opportunities to voice their opinions in decisions that concern them Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 9 11 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 9 11 Yes Normal 57.7% Svay Angk 19 9 13 Yes Normal (48.3–67.1) Svay Thum 19 9 10 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 9 12 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 9 10 Yes Normal

CR11: % of children and youth who participate in youth groups, clubs or other social or community organizations

The results in this indicator show low level of participation among children in almost all of the communes, with 30.0% of boys and 28.2% of girls age 6-14 participate in groups, clubs or other social or community organiza- tions in 2018. For girls, coverage is lowest in the Svay Yea commune (see below tables). If comparing to 2013, the participation has increased as the data showed only 11.0% of boys and 19% of girls. In data validation workshop, children who participate in these activities reported that children who do not participate in these programs because they do not know about them or understand about the benefits of participation. It is, therefore, a high priority to create initiatives that will provide the wide range of opportunities for children to participate in activities in schools and communities.

14 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

Table 8a: Boys 6-14 years who participate in youth groups, clubs or other social or community organisations Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 4 5 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 4 6 Yes Normal 30.0% Svay Angk 19 4 8 Yes Normal (21.3–38.6) Svay Thum 19 4 4 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 4 5 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 4 7 Yes Normal

Table 8b: Girls 6-14 years who participate in youth groups, clubs or other social or community organisations Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 3 5 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 3 5 Yes Normal 28.2% Svay Angk 19 3 7 Yes Normal (20.4–36.1) Svay Thum 19 3 11 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 3 2 No High Ta Suos 19 3 3 Yes Normal

The results show the low level of participation with only 38.3% of male and 28.0% of female youths aged 15-24 participate in groups, clubs or other social or community organizations in 2018. The result of female youth has decreased from 48.0% in 2013 but it has slightly increased from 35.0% in 2013 for male youth. In data validation workshop, youth participants reported that they have ever participated in groups or community organization but they forget their name. However, for youths who did not participate because there is poor communication regarding opportunities to participate, knowledge is still limited as they though the participation is useless so they do not care. Other reasons are no transportation, busy work at home and most of youths are working at factory, migration, gambling, cannot access to information, and feeling afraid in participation. As the coverage was relatively low for both genders across the whole Program Area, attention should be given to all communes to improve this indicator.

Table 9a: Male youth 15-24 years who participate in youth groups, clubs or other social or community organisations Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 5 7 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 5 5 Yes Normal 38.3% Svay Angk 19 5 9 Yes Normal (29.1–47.6) Svay Thum 19 5 8 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 5 8 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 5 7 Yes Normal

15 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

TTable 9b: Female youth 15-24 years who participate in youth groups, clubs or other social or community organisations Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 3 6 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 3 6 Yes Normal 28.0% Svay Angk 19 3 6 Yes Normal (19.7–36.3) Svay Thum 19 3 4 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 3 8 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 3 3 Yes Normal

CR12: % of children and youth with medium to high levels of resilience

Resilience focus person’s ability to respond positively to adversity (if something bad happens). It is the result of being able to cope. The data analysis among 12 questions under the resilience section with 3-point scale (No= 1 score; Sometimes= 2 score; Yes= 3 score). There are two levels of resilience those are Normal resilience if the total score is 24 or more, and High resilience if the total score is 31 or more. This indicator measures children and youth with high levels of resilience. Among children aged 6–14 years, 67.9% of boys and 75.6% of girls have high levels of resilience. High priority should be given to increase level of resilience in Angk Ta Sou, Kouk Pring, Svay Angk, Svay Yea, and Ta Suos communes (see below tables). There is no data in 2013 for comparing. In data validation work- shop, all children agreed with results because children have tried hard in studying as well as doing house chores. They help each other and they are careful in using materials which can be dangerous and can find out the secure and safe places during travelling.

The result on this indicator may not reflect the reality as children may not have understood the resilience questions very clearly or may not have experienced the situations described in the questions. Since level of participation is low as well as the positive view of the present life and future, these indicate that that building resilience among children is a priority.

Table 10a: Boys 6-14 years with high levels of resilience

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 16 9 No High Kouk Pring 19 16 6 No High 67.9% Svay Angk 19 16 11 No High (60.1–75.7) Svay Thum 19 16 17 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 16 16 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 16 14 No High

16 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

Table 10b: Girls 6-14 years with high levels of resilience

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 16 16 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 16 8 No High 75.6% Svay Angk 19 16 14 No High (68.1–83.1) Svay Thum 19 16 16 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 16 14 No High Ta Suos 19 16 17 Yes Normal

Among youths aged 15-24 years an estimated 76.6% of males and 80.4% of females reported having high levels of resilience. Angk Ta Sou, Koul Pring, Svay Angk, Svay Thum, and Ta Suos communes have the lowest coverage (see below tables). During the data validation workshop, youth representatives said that some youths are resilience because they have more patience, knowledge, talent, and experiences, so they can be flexible for any situation. Nevertheless, more attention should be paid to all communes to improve youth resilience.

Table 11a: Male youth 15-24 years with high levels of resilience

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 16 10 No High Kouk Pring 19 16 12 No High 76.6% Svay Angk 19 16 15 No High (69.0–84.1) Svay Thum 19 16 17 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 16 17 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 16 14 No High

Table 11b: Female youth 15-24 years with high levels of resilience

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 16 14 No High Kouk Pring 19 16 15 No High 80.4% Svay Angk 19 16 17 Yes Normal (73.2–87.6) Svay Thum 19 16 12 No High Svay Yea 19 16 19 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 16 15 No High

17 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

CR13: % of youth with a positive view of their present life situation and a positive view of the next five years

This indicator has two components— whether or not the respondent has a positive view of their current situation and whether or not they have a positive outlook for the next five years. The results are combined together when calculating this data point.

The results show 44.9% of male and 44.4% of female youths aged 15-24 have a positive view of their present life situation and a positive view of the next five years. Both males and female, coverages are quite similar (see below tables). There is no data in 2013 for comparing. In data validation workshop, female youth representatives said that the current life felt unsure because they do not have proper work as their knowledge is still limited, feel no confi- dent, and especially problems with livelihood, many family members in a household. For male youth, most reasons are the same to female youth. Just added few reasons such as youth waste time to do bad thing because persua- sion of bad people, lack of skill and communication, and they do not try to work hard. This result is consistent with the limited opportunities to voice their opinions and participation in organizations and other activities that will help build their confidence and life skills in general. Unlike, both male and female youths felt better for the next five years onward if comparing to present life. They thought they will have more knowledge after graduation, skill, positive thinking that lead them to have clear plan to create more income and employment.

Table 12a: Male youth 15–24 years with a positive view of their present life situation and a positive view of the next five years Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 6 10 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 6 8 Yes Normal 44.9% Svay Angk 19 6 6 Yes Normal (35.4–54.3) Svay Thum 19 6 11 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 6 8 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 6 9 Yes Normal

Table 12b: Female youth 15–24 years with a positive view of their present life situation and a positive view of the next five years Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 6 10 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 6 7 Yes Normal 44.4% Svay Angk 19 6 9 Yes Normal (34.9–53.8) Svay Thum 19 6 8 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 6 9 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 6 9 Yes Normal

18 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

CR14: % of women of child bearing age and youth who can identify and articulate at least three ways of preventing HIV infection

In 2018, 25.2% of male and 19.8% of female youths aged 15-24 are able to correctly state three ways of preventing HIV. Many youths could give only one or two ways only. High priority should be given to increase the awareness in Svay Thum commune for male youth (see below tables). However, the data is slightly better than 2013, only 16.0% of male and 10.0% of female youths who answered correctly with three ways of preventing HIV.

In the data validation workshop, both male and female youth representatives reported that they do not receive any training and awareness raising, so they do not understand about reproductive health, and have more knowledge regarding to HIV transmission and prevention. The workshop also revealed that youth often confuse transmission and prevention. The female youth feel shy to speak out and this affected their responses. In the future, awareness activities should be provided in all communes to improve this indicator.

Table 13a: Male youth 15-24 years who can state three ways of preventing HIV infection

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 2 7 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 2 2 Yes Normal 25.2% Svay Angk 19 2 4 Yes Normal (17.8–32.5) Svay Thum 19 2 1 No High Svay Yea 19 2 3 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 2 11 Yes Normal

Table 13b: Female youth 15-24 years who can state three ways of preventing HIV infection

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 1 4 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 1 5 Yes Normal 19.8% Svay Angk 19 1 2 Yes Normal (12.3–27.4) Svay Thum 19 1 5 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 1 2 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 1 4 Yes Normal

CR15: % of women of child bearing age and youth, and number of local authorities, aware of potential risks and disasters and can say what to do in response

When discussing potential risks and disasters, we are talking about both natural and man-made disasters, includ- ing floods, fires, storms, climate change, major disease outbreaks, etc. The calculation of this indicator only takes into account respondents who can give at least three examples of potential risks and disasters which have ever

19 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

happened in their community and say the correct way to respond to each that they mention. The result showed a positive change if comparing to 2011 but it still high priority at all communes. It has increased from 1.0% to 13.7% of male and from 4.0% to 12.9% of female youths age 15-24 in the target area have an acceptable awareness and knowledge of what to do to respond to a disaster (see below tables). Most youths interviewed could name only one or two risks or disasters, with drought and flood being cited the most. However, they could not then say how to correctly respond to such a situation.

In the data validation workshop, both male and female youths said they don’t get any awareness raising, training, so they do not have more knowledge on disaster especially, there is no disaster happened in their community. The workshop also revealed that youth just realized only natural disaster rather than man-made disasters. Providing awareness raising activities and training in risk management and disaster response should be a high priority.

Table 14a: Male youth 15-24 years who are aware of potential risks and disasters and can say what to do in response Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 N/A 4 N/A High Kouk Pring 19 N/A 1 N/A High 13.7% Svay Angk 19 N/A 3 N/A High (7.2–20.1) Svay Thum 19 N/A 4 N/A High Svay Yea 19 N/A 1 N/A High Ta Suos 19 N/A 3 N/A High

Table 14b: Female youth 15-24 who are aware of potential risks and disasters and can say what to do in response Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 N/A 3 N/A High Kouk Pring 19 N/A 1 N/A High 12.9% Svay Angk 19 N/A 3 N/A High (6.6–19.3) Svay Thum 19 N/A 4 N/A High Svay Yea 19 N/A 2 N/A High Ta Suos 19 N/A 2 N/A High

20 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

CR16: % of women of child bearing age, youth and children, and number of local authorities inter- viewed, able to give examples of child abuse and can say what to do in response

This section looks at the communities’ awareness of what constitutes child abuse (defined as physical, verbal or other treatment that causes physical, mental, social or spiritual harm to children). Additionally, it looks at whether or not individuals know what to do if they are told that something bad has happened to a child. Common examples of child abuse during data collection included hurting body and physical children, kicking them, forcing them to do hard work and use drug, threaten, raping, not allow them to school and raise their voice, neglect of child, violence, curse, not respect the child’s rights, put blame on them, keep child to stay only at home, discrimination, labor and sex exploitation, not provide enough food, and selling them into child trafficking rings.

A report released by UNICEF in 2015 found that 50 per cent of the Kingdom’s children suffered at least one form of abuse. More than half of Cambodian children experience at least one form of violence1 before the age of 18, and the number of children living in residential care institutions has nearly doubled since 2005 (Save the Children, 2017).

Among children 6–14 years, only 14.1% of boys and 16.3% of girls can give three examples of child abuse and can say what to do in response. This is clearly low and all communes are high priority for intervention and awareness building in the future. Conversely, if we look back to the result in 2011, the data in 2018 is better than as only 3.0% of boys and 2.0% of girls can give three examples of child abuse and can say what to do in response. Also in the data validation workshop, all boys said some children understand about child’s rights and child protection. Yet, girl said knowledge on child abuse is still limited especially family and children seem not to take care girl children.

Table 15a: Boys 6-14 years able to give examples of child abuse and can say what to do in response

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 N/A 3 N/A High Kouk Pring 19 N/A 3 N/A High 14.1% Svay Angk 19 N/A 4 N/A High (7.6–20.7) Svay Thum 19 N/A 2 N/A High Svay Yea 19 N/A 2 N/A High Ta Suos 19 N/A 3 N/A High

Table 15b: Girls 6-14 years able to give examples of child abuse and can say what to do in response

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 1 5 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 1 1 Yes Normal 16.3% Svay Angk 19 1 3 Yes Normal (9.5–23.1) Svay Thum 19 1 6 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 1 2 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 1 2 Yes Normal

1 Violence is one form of Abuse

21 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

More than half of all Cambodian children reported some form of physical violence prior to age 18 by an intimate partner, parent or adult relative, or community member. Roughly one-quarter of Cambodian children are emotionally abused while growing up: 22 per cent of females and 26 per cent of males aged 13 to 24 reported emotional violence by a parent, caregiver or other adult relative prior to age 18. Some 5 per cent of both females and males aged 13 to 24 reported some form of sexual abuse prior to age 18. (UNICEF, 2014).

Among youth 15–24 years, it is estimated that 31.7% of males and 30.8% of females can give three examples of child abuse and know what to do in response. It is higher than children and the result in 2011 as only 11.0% of males and 13.0% of females can give three examples of child abuse and know what to do in response. Nevertheless, it still low result and Svay Yea commune is high priority for intervention and awareness building in the future. Youths in the data validation workshop reported that the problems are a lack of knowledge, awareness raising, and do not know about child’s rights especially child abuse.

Table 16a: Male youth 15-24 years able to give examples of child abuse and can say what to do in response

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 4 5 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 4 7 Yes Normal 31.7% Svay Angk 19 4 5 Yes Normal (23.3–40.1) Svay Thum 19 4 8 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 4 1 No High Ta Suos 19 4 9 Yes Normal

Table 16b: Female youth 15-24 able to give examples of child abuse and can say what to do in response

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 4 5 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 4 9 Yes Normal 30.8% Svay Angk 19 4 5 Yes Normal (22.1–39.6) Svay Thum 19 4 5 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 4 5 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 4 6 Yes Normal

22 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

CR17: % of women of child bearing age, children and youth who feel safe in their daily life

This new indicator measures the number of people who feel safe in their daily lives (without special concern or insecurity) in the past one month before the survey was conducted.

Among children 6–14 years, it is estimated that 76.6% of boys and 60.9% of girls felt safe. Svay Angk, Svay Yea, and Kouk Pring communes were the lowest coverage on this indicator and therefore should be a high priority (see below tables). There is no data for comparison because this Outcome Indicator was not measured in 2013. In the data validation workshop, both girls and boys mentioned that they are not afraid in living because they are brave and have more knowledge to respond positively to adversity. They knew the policemen and commune authorities and got their phone number for contact.

Table 17a: Boys 6-14 years who feel safe in daily life

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 12 14 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 12 15 Yes Normal 76.6% Svay Angk 19 12 11 No High (69.1–84.1) Svay Thum 19 12 17 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 12 11 No High Ta Suos 19 12 17 Yes Normal

Table 17b: Girls 6-14 years who feel safe in daily life

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 9 11 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 9 8 No High 60.9% Svay Angk 19 9 11 Yes Normal (51.7–70.0) Svay Thum 19 9 13 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 9 13 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 9 12 Yes Normal

The figures for youth 15–24 years are 64.5% for males and 62.6% for females. There is no data for comparison because this Outcome Indicator was not measured in 2013. During the data validation workshop, youths raised their concern about domestic violence, harassment, illness, and insecurity in commune such as many gangsters, drug users, gambling, and insecurity for travelling. In general, there is little variation between communes. Interventions to improve in this indicator are necessary for all communes.

23 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

Table 18a: Male youth 15-24 years who feel safe in daily life

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 10 11 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 10 12 Yes Normal 64.5% Svay Angk 19 10 12 Yes Normal (55.5–73.5) Svay Thum 19 10 14 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 10 14 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 10 10 Yes Normal

Table 18b: Female youth 15-24 years who feel safe in daily life

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 10 11 Yes Normal Kouk Pring 19 10 14 Yes Normal 62.6% Svay Angk 19 10 11 Yes Normal (53.4–71.7) Svay Thum 19 10 13 Yes Normal Svay Yea 19 10 11 Yes Normal Ta Suos 19 10 11 Yes Normal

CR18: % of women of child bearing age and youth that have successfully advocated or lobbied on behalf of a group

There are many types of power, including the power that comes from joining with others. This indicator measures the effectiveness of youth lobbying groups and seen any positive action as a result of their efforts. As shown in the table below, the coverage was very low for both male and female youths. The number of acceptable responses was too small to fully apply LQAS (see below table).

In addition, youths in the data validation workshop reported the commune authorities do not care about their request as they though it is not important. Sometime, the authorities accepted their request but not budget for response. Interventions to improve in this indicator are necessary for all communes.

The data in 2013 showed 15.0% of male and 25.0% female youths who have ever participated in group but it did not mention about having any positive action as a result of their effort. Thus, we cannot compare the result in 2018 with 2013.

24 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

Table 19a: Male youth 15-24 years who have successfully advocated or lobbied on behalf of a group

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 N/A 0 N/A High Kouk Pring 19 N/A 0 N/A High 1.2% Svay Angk 19 N/A 0 N/A High (-1.1–3.4) Svay Thum 19 N/A 0 N/A High Svay Yea 19 N/A 0 N/A High Ta Suos 19 N/A 1 N/A High

Table 19b: Female youth 15-24 years who have successfully advocated or lobbied on behalf of a group

Coverage Commune Sample Indicator Decision Correct Meets Priority (CI) size target rule responses decision rule Angk Ta Sou 19 N/A 0 N/A High Kouk Pring 19 N/A 0 N/A High 2.6% Svay Angk 19 N/A 3 N/A High (0–5.1) Svay Thum 19 N/A 0 N/A High Svay Yea 19 N/A 1 N/A High Ta Suos 19 N/A 0 N/A High

25 FACT SHEET: 3rd Outcome Survey Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province

RECOMMENDATIONS

The 2018 ChildFund Outcome Indicator Survey results were shared at the Community Data Validation Workshop attended by groups who have ever participated in the data collection such as group of mother, child, youth, and local authorities. Additionally, local partners and ChildFund program staff also invited to join this workshop. The participants can identify the priorty needs of development program in Svay Chrum District.

It is recommended that these findings now be disseminated broadly alongside this report and fact sheet. Survey results should be used in tandem with relevant quantitative and qualitative data from other sources (e.g. government statistics, community needs assessments, project reports and evaluations and case studies), to support decision-making at the local and district levels and plan further development activities.

These findings were only indicative and set directives for program or project development. Along with results of data validation workshop, we should have more or less interventions to improve all indicators either for all communes or specific commune. The priority indictors should be considered and more focused onCR2: Primary School Completion & Basic Education, CR3: Reading Proficiency,CR8: Youth opportunities, CR10: Voice, and CR11: Par- ticipation, and CR18: Advocacy/Lobbying on Behalf of a group. Other few indicators were also prioritized during the workshop but they are not recommended. For example, CR17: Sense of Safety, the results of survey show already high enough for both children and youth (more than 50%) to prioritize in this stage but later on.

The outcome survey information could not provide all details for project design, but only a snapshot for program staff to consider. Therefore, there is a need for in-depth assessment or research to gather more information to inform project design.

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