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Vida Y Ética Año 17, Nº 1, 2016

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Vida Y Ética Año 17, Nº 1, 2016 000-Sumario S/SANGRÍA:00-Indice 11/07/16 22:54 Página 1 VIDA Y ÉTICA AÑO 17 Nº1 2016 INSTITUTO DE BIOÉTICA DIRECCIÓN Alberto G. Bochatey FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS MÉDICAS PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA ARGENTINA Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600 Ciudad de Buenos Aires COORDINACIÓN Julieta Sol Gil C1107AFF Argentina PERIODÍSTICA TELÉFONO / FAX (+5411) 4338-0634 DISEÑO E-mail Y EDICIÓN María Alejandra Ferrice [email protected] TRADUCCIÓN Y Web bioetica.uca.edu.ar CORRECCIÓN DE RESÚMENES CODE Servicio Lingüístico AÑO 2016 PERIODICIDAD SEMESTRAL TIRAJE ISSN 1515-6850 400 EJEMPLARES EJEMPLAR IMPRESIÓN Artes Gráficas Integradas ARGENTINA $170.- W C Morris 1049, Buenos Aires EXTERIOR U$S170.- SUSCRIPCIÓN ANUAL ARGENTINA $300.- Queda hecho el depósito legal que marca la ley 11.723. Derechos reservados. EXTERIOR U$S300.- Se autoriza la reproducción total o parcial, citando la fuente y el nombre del autor en forma explícita. Los artículos que se publican en esta revista son de exclusiva responsabilidad de sus autores y no comprometen la opinión del Instituto de Bioética ni de la Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. La revista se reserva los derechos de autor y el derecho de reproducir los artículos enteros en otros medios impresos y/o electrónicos. 000-Sumario S/SANGRÍA:00-Indice 11/07/16 22:54 Página 2 000-Sumario S/SANGRÍA:00-Indice 11/07/16 22:54 Página 3 SUMARIO ARTÍCULOS pág. 09 LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA BIOÉTICA EN EL GRADO DE LAS ESCUELAS DE MEDICINA Prof. Dr. Miguel Angel Schiavone pág. 23 ANÁLISIS A PARTIR DEL PRINCIPIO DE LIBERTAD RESPONSABILIDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN ACCESIBLE A LAS FAMILIAS ACERCA DE LOS BANCOS DE SANGRE DE CORDÓN UMBILICAL Dra. Graciela Moya pág. 51 TRANSHUMANISMO Y BIOÉTICA: UNA APROXIMACIÓN AL PARADIGMA TRANSHUMANISTA DESDE LA BIOÉTICA PERSONALISTA ONTOLÓGICAMENTE FUNDADA (RESUMEN DE TESIS) Mg. Dr. Mario D. Paramés Fernández pág. 103 EL BIEN DE LOS ANCIANOS Dra. María Inés Passanante OPINIÓN Y COMENTARIOS pág. 111 DONACIÓN Y TRANSPLANTE DE ÓRGANOS: CONSIDERANDOS, RESOLUCIONES Y APORTES DEL JUDAÍSMO Rab. Dr. Fishel Szlajen DOCUMENTOS NACIONALES pág. 145 NO AL NARCOTRÁFICO, SI A LA VIDA PLENA Documento aprobado en la 110ª Asamblea Plenaria de la Conferencia Episcopal Argentina DOCUMENTOS INTERNACIONALES pág. 151 DISCURSO DEL SANTO PADRE FRANCISCO AL COMITÉ NACIONAL DE BIOETICA EN ITALIA Santo Padre Francisco pág. 155 DISCURSO DEL SANTO PADRE FRANCISCO A LOS PARTICIPANTES EN LA ASAMBLEA PLENARIA DE LA ACADEMIA PONTIFICIA PARA LA VIDA Santo Padre Francisco pág. 159 FIRME NUESTRA ESPERANZA EN DEFENSA DE LA VIDA Comité Permanente de la Conferencia Episcopal de Chile CRITERIOS EDITORIALES pág. 177 CRITERIOS PARA PUBLICAR EN VIDA Y ÉTICA 000-Sumario S/SANGRÍA:00-Indice 11/07/16 22:54 Página 4 PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD VIDA Y ÉTICA CATÓLICA ARGENTINA COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO Gran Canciller Dr. Carlos Benjamín Álvarez S.E.R. Mons. Mario Aurelio Poli Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Argentina R.P. Dr. Roberto Colombo Rector Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Italia S.E.R. Mons. Dr. Víctor Manuel Fernández Roberto Dell Oro, Ph.D. Loyola Marymount University. Estados Unidos Vicerrectores Dra. Maria Luisa Di Pietro Dr. Gabriel Limodio Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Italia Dra. María Clara Zamora Prof. Dra. M.C. Donadío Maggi de Gandolfi Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Consejo Decano Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Técnicas. Argentina Dr. Miguel Ángel Schiavone Dra. Marta Fracapani de Cuitiño Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Argentina Director Prof. Dr. Gonzalo Herranz Instituto de Bioética Universidad de Navarra. España Pbro. Lic. Rubén Revello Dr. Francisco Javier León Correa Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Chile Coordinador Prof. Hna. Elena Lugo, RN, Ph. D. Instituto de Bioética Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Argentina Mg. Dr. Gerardo Perazzo Prof. Dra. María Liliana Lukac de Stier Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Consejo Nacional Investigadores de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Argentina Mg. Dr. Lenin De Janon Quevedo Prof. Dr. Gèrard Memeteau Mg. Dra. Graciela Moya Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Droit et Sciences Sociales. Francia Colaboradores del Instituto P. Gonzalo Miranda, L.C. Pbro. Dr. Luis Alfredo Anaya Ateneo Pontificio Regina Apostolotum. Italia S.E.R. Mons. Mg. Alberto G. Bochatey, OSA S.E. Card. Elio Sgreccia Dra. Zelmira Bottini de Rey Pontificia Academia Pro Vita. Italia (2005-2008) Dra. M. C. Donadío Maggi de Gandolfi Prof. Juan de Dios Vial Correa Dra. Marta Fracapani de Cuitiño Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Chile Dr. Armando García Querol Dr. Lorenzo García Samartino In memoriam Mg. Dra. Lilian Gargiulo +R.P. Domingo Basso, O.P. 1929-2014 Dra. Patricia Kuyumdjian de Williams +Edmund Pellegrino, MD, Ph. D. 1920-2013 Dr. Jorge Nicolás Lafferière +P. Dr. Angelo Serra, S.I. 1919-2012 Dra. María Liliana Lukac de Stier Dr. Mariano Morelli Lic. Alejandra Planker de Aguerre 000-Sumario S/SANGRÍA:00-Indice 11/07/16 22:54 Página 5 EDITORIAL Muy estimados lectores: En esta nueva entrega de nuestra querida VIDA Y ÉTICA encontrarán un buen número de artículos de fondo: la enseñanza de la Bioética en grado de las Escuelas de Medicina, el ejercicio de la libertad responsable en la información a las familias, el transhumanismo, el bien de los ancianos y las perspectivas desde el judaísmo de la donación y transplantes. Creo que no es casual, sino una demostración más, que incluso para enri- quecer la bioética clínica, es necesario desarrollar, actualizar, reflexionar sobres temas fundantes y fundamentales de Bioética. No nos debe “asustar” la palabra fundamentales, pues hace referencia a la fundamentación y no a los posibles fun- damentalismos a los que se quieren arraigar algunas corrientes de Bioética. Occidente ha entrado desde hace algunas décadas en una declinación (no desaparición y menos aún, muerte) de las ideologías fuertes y se han ido perdiendo referencias ideales que pertenecían al vivir en sociedad y al bien común de la misma: la política, la razón, la ciencia, la familia, el trabajo, la religión. Se vislum- bra una contradicción sin salida: mien- tras que la globalización trata de envol- ver el mundo en un único sistema econó- mico, político y comunicacional, crece INSTITUTO DE BIOÉTICA / UCA - VIDA Y ÉTICA AÑO 17 Nº 1 JUNIO 2016 5 000-Sumario S/SANGRÍA:00-Indice 11/07/16 22:54 Página 6 VIDA Y ÉTICA una sensibilidad cultural individualista y privada) de los que nos hablaba H.T. relativista, con una razón débil y una exhal- Engelhardt, en su famoso Manual de tación elevada de la visión subjetiva y/o Bioética del año 1999. relativa de la verdad. “En el mundo existen seis mil millones de solitarios, que conviven La virtud de la prudencia y del respeto entre ellos con gran dificultad”. [1] Se prio- al prójimo, la famosa regla de oro: “no riza la adoración de uno mismo, el éxito, hagas al otro lo que no quieras que te el dinero, la competencia y finalmente se hagan a ti” pueden ayudar en el camino descubre que todo es transitorio, relativo, hacia un entendimiento ético y cultural vulnerable, vanal. Esto pone en peligro y mucho más allá de las obligaciones con- denigra la dignidad de la vida humana y tractuales a las que nos hayamos compro- de la misma vocación del profesional de metido y que tengamos que cumplir. En el las ciencias de la salud. mundo de la Bioética el contractualismo no debería ser más que una propuesta El poshumanismo encuentra dificul- ejecutiva y organizativa de la comunidad tad para referirse a valores objetivos, ética y del mundo moral. No debemos absolutos y condivisibles. La Bioética tolerar todo aquello que el otro decide Personalista, en constante diálogo con las hacer, especialmente sin un diálogo o al corrientes de pensamiento actuales, hace menos valoración de cómo afecta al bien una propuesta superadora y de renova- común y al bien personal de los agentes ción, que partiendo de los principios de la sociales. De lo contrario vaciaríamos de Bioética anglosajona los enriquece con el ética al equipo de salud y ésta sería algo marco referencial del valor de la vida, de a “comprar”, después de un buen regateo, la libertad responsable, la licitud tera- en el mercado de las éticas… péutica y la socialidad y subsidiariedad. El comportamiento de una sociedad plural, La dignidad de la vida humana y el poliétnica y policonfesional no puede derecho de las personas son, desde siem- eludir el reconocimiento de un sólido pre, temas fundamentales en la antropo- desarrollo ético incluso en medio de las logía y teología católica. La dignidad, la tantas teorías éticas que nos han conver- razón, la libertad y el bien común son tido en aquellos “extranjeros morales” inseparables y podríamos decir, un primer con sus dos niveles de ética (pública y ejercicio de transdisciplina y desarrollo [1] SANNA, Ignazio, L´antropoligia cristiana tra modernitá e postmodernitá, Brescia, Queriniana, 2001, p. 214. 6 Año 17 / No 1 / Junio de 2016 000-Sumario S/SANGRÍA:00-Indice 11/07/16 22:54 Página 7 plural de la ciencia ética. En una convi- to sinceramente a la verdad y al bien, vencia ordenada y fecunda, el principio aún entre dificultades e incertidumbres, que todo ser humano es persona de con la luz de la razón y no sin el influjo naturaleza inteligente y voluntad libre, es secreto de la gracia, puede llegar a descu- universal y de aceptación general. Incluso brir en la ley natural escrita en su cora- quienes niegan la existencia de Dios, no zón, el valor sagrado de la vida humana.… pueden impedir el desarrollo de la teoría En el reconocimiento de este derecho se donde la persona y su dignidad humana fundamenta la convivencia humana y la es tal, pues es creada a imagen y seme- misma comunidad política.” (EV 2) janza de Dios y por ello, sujeto de cons- tante respeto de sus derechos y ayuda Espero, queridos amigos, que nuestro cuando se encuentra en dificultad.
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