A Palavra Para Uma Lógica Da Intensidade

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A Palavra Para Uma Lógica Da Intensidade A Palavra A Departamento de Artes da Imagem Mestrado em Comunicação Audiovisonal Para uma lógica da intensidade A Palavra Para uma lógica da intensidade Diogo Nóbrega Diogo Nóbrega 2014 | Projecto/Estágio para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Comunicação Audiovisual Especialização em Fotografia e Cinema Documental Orientador: Professor Doutor Jorge Campos Departamento de Artes da Imagem Mestrado em Comunicação Audiovisonal A Palavra Para uma lógica da intensidade Diogo Nóbrega 2014 | Projecto/Estágio para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Comunicação Audiovisual Especialização em Fotografia e Cinema Documental Orientador: Professor Doutor Jorge Campos | Co-orientadora: Professora Doutora Adriana Baptista a Isabel Aos professores Jorge Campos e Adriana Baptista, Ao Paulo Barbosa, ao Pedro Santos, à Ana Resende, Ao João, à Isabel, Obrigado. Palavras-chave Espaço- Tempo, Corpo, Intensidade, Documentário. Resumo O espaço cinematográfico elabora-se, desde sempre, através de um diálogo contínuo com ou- tros domínios criativos. A partir do filme documentário A Palavra, o presente estudo analisa o ponto preciso em que podemos ver na acção das suas imagens a possibilidade de inserção/ relançamento teórico das noções de atletismo afectivo, sensação e único, resgatadas de Antonin Artaud, Gilles Deleuze e Max Stirner, respectivamente, tal como o traço genealógico/cinemato- gráfico que desenha a sua paisagem referencial. Fixados no espaço restrito em que se obstinam por afirmar o corpo humano como elemento fundacional da sua “acção teórica”, tais conceitos definem a lógica interna do objecto fílmico em análise, convertendo-se, este, em possibilidade de conformação espácio-temporal de um lugar de acolhimento e irrupção de um corpo determi- nado, modelado pelas sensações que o percorrem, ou ainda, numa espécie de linha de variação/ experimentação independente, face a critérios e procedimentos estipulativos de um esquema narrativo convencional, definindo um encadeamento de acções segundo a necessidade ou a verosimilhança, os imperativos de uma intriga ou de uma história a contar. Criaram-se dois grupos temáticos: Corpo e Metodologias, cada um subdividindo-se em três pontos fundamentais, não necessariamente distintos. O primeiro desdobra-se em: O Único, Atletismo Afectivo e Lógica da Intensidade; O segundo em: Investigação, Produção e Pós- Produção. Através de análises parciais pretende-se formular um todo inteligível que possa constituir uma aproximação crítica face ao filme documentárioA Palavra. Keywords Time-Space, Body, Intensity, Documentary. Abstract The cinematic space has always been drawn up through a continuous dialogue with other crea- tive fields. From the documentary film A Palavra, the present study analyzes the precise point where we can see, through its images, the possibility of inserting / relaunch the theoretical no- tions of affective athleticism, sensation, and ego, rescued from Antonin Artaud, Gilles Deleuze and Max Stirner, respectively, as the genealogical/cinematographic trace that draws its referen- cial landscape. Fixed in the restricted space in which they persist claiming the human body as a foundational element of its “theoretical action”, such concepts define the internal logic of the analyzed film, converting itself into possibility of shaping a spatiotemporal place of irruption of a particular body, modeled by the sensations that go through it, or even a kind of variation / experimentation independent line against common criteria and procedures of a conventional narrative scheme, defining a chain of actions according necessity or likelihood, the imperatives of a plot or a story to tell. One created two thematic groups: Body and Methodologies not necessarily distinct, each one subdivided into three fundamental points. The first chapter unfolds into: The Ego, Affective Athleticism and Logic of Intensity; The second chapter: Research, Production and Post- Production. Through partial analysis we aim to formulate an intelligible whole which would constitute a critical approach to the documentary filmA Palavra. Todo a acto da imagem é arrancado à impossível descrição de um real. Georges Didi-Huberman Índice Introdução 15 I CORPO 21 o único 23 atletismo afectivo 39 lógica da intensidade 53 II METODOLOGIAS 73 investigação 75 produção 83 pós-produção 95 Conclusão 105 Bibliografia Referenciada 111 Filmografia Referenciada 115 Índice de Imagens 119 ANEXOS 121 A Palavra Para uma lógica da intensidade Introdução No âmbito de uma análise centrada num objecto determinado, o filme documentárioA Palavra, este estudo procura colocar em perspectiva múltiplas questões. Em primeiro lugar, constitui-se como uma tentativa de mostrar1 como é que os conceitos de sensação e intensidade não apenas são centrais no filme, como percorrem a totalidade do seu projecto/lógica cinematográfica. A este respeito, convém referir que optamos por ancorar o desenvolvimento da nossa análise nas práticas e teorias de três autores: o poeta/ actor/ dramaturgo e ensaísta francês Antonin Artaud (1896-1948), a quem devotamos, pelo papel decisivo que a sua “acção teórica” parece representar neste projecto, uma exposição biográfica, procurando traçar, em termos necessa- riamente sumários, o percurso e os desenvolvimentos da sua obra, destacando especialmente a sua concepção de um teatro da crueldade, a partir da noção angular de atletismo afectivo, tal como proposta pelo autor no ensaio O Teatro e o Seu Duplo, de 1938; o filósofo francês Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995), designadamente no âmbito da sua lógica da sensação formulada num ensaio dedicado à obra do pintor irlandês Francis Bacon2 (1909-1992); e o filósofo alemão Max Stirner (1806-1856), no espaço restrito da sua obra capital, O Único e a Sua Propriedade, de 1844, em que autor parece esforçar-se por despromover uma análise abstracta e idealista do homem enquanto categoria, em favor da afirmação da singularidade radical de cada indivíduo. Procuraremos, face aos conceitos resgatados dos três autores, reconsidera-los no ponto preciso em que parecem interceptar o espaço cinematográfico, recorrendo, para tal, aos exemplos de al- gumas cinematografias fundamentais na história do cinema, com particular incidência nas obras dos cineastas António Reis (1927-1991), Jean-Daniel Pollet (1936-2004), Margarida Cordeiro (n.1938), Johan van der Keuken (1938-2001) e Pedro Costa (n.1959), que, de algum modo, parecem relançar, com meios próprios, as práticas e teorias em apreço, definindo o espaço refe- rencial do filme documentário A Palavra. Ver-se-á, designadamente, como (ou em que medida) os conceitos de sensação e intensida- de, arreigados a uma determinada focagem do corpo humano, como possibilidade (ou elemen- to) fundacional da imagem cinematográfica, no quadro da sua unicidade/permeabilidade cogni- tiva, afectiva e genésica, poderão ser considerados como tema (ou substância) de um filme que parece esforçar-se por se distanciar de um esquema narrativo clássico, sujeito aos imperativos de uma história a contar, procurando libertar a sua imagem dos constrangimentos que a afastem do duplo acto da pura gestualidade e da pura visibilidade. Em segundo lugar, trata-se de um itinerário possível através de uma determinada proposta documental, ao longo do qual se procurará demonstrar que uma das características fundamen- tais do seu projecto, nas experiências que propõe e nas imagens que cria, é ser possuidor de uma 1 A palavra mostrar, aqui, parece-nos especialmente relevante. Recordemos, a esse respeito, o comentário da cineasta e ensaísta norte americana Susan Sontag (1933-2004): A função da crítica devia ser mostrar como é o que é, ou mesmo que é o que é, e não o que significa. SONTAG, Susan – Contra a interpretação e outros ensaios. Lisboa: Gótica, 2004. [n.d]. p. 32. 2 Ensaio disponível em: DELEUZE, GILLES – Francis Bacon/Lógica da Sensação. Lisboa: Orfeu Negro, 2011. ISBN 978-989-8327-10-9. 15 Introdução natureza conceptual e estética, cuja matriz fecundante remete para um diálogo permanente com outras disciplinas, desde a convicção de que a autonomia do cinema se produz, desde sempre, através de um confronto contínuo com o pensamento, com a literatura, com a pintura, etc. Neste particular, parece oportuno evocar o argumento do filósofo português Sousa Dias (n. 1956), a propósito da lógica do pensamento deleuziano, em estreita correlação com outras disciplinas, e aplicá-lo por analogia: O fundamental, para Deleuze, está sempre aí, nesses cruzamentos, nessas interferências. Nas intersecções entre linhas de experimentação independentes, em que conceitos da filo- sofia podem encontrar nas funções das ciências e nas combinações sensíveis das artes os seus “intercessores” (...) É uma necessidade de toda a criação filosófica e não filosófica interceder e ser intercedida, intersectar e ser intersectada, relançar e ser relançada, esta- belecer ressonâncias, “capturas”.3 Assim, o que aqui se pretende fazer, insere-se, precisamente, numa lógica de relançamentos, ainda que sempre por referencia a uma criatividade própria, a uma evolução especificamente cinematográfica. Num certo sentido, poder-se-ia entender a persecução de tal método, ou ainda, de tal aproximação de obras e disciplinas aparentemente distantes entre si, como uma activida- de de montagem. Deste modo, se, ao longo deste ensaio, se poderá encontrar uma profusão de referencias a escritores, pintores, dramaturgos ou filósofos, para além de cineastas, tal não deve deixar de ser referido a um entendimento do cinema enquanto espaço de interferência activa com outros
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