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The Wittelsbach-Graff and Hope Diamonds: Not Cut from the Same Rough
THE WITTELSBACH-GRAFF AND HOPE DIAMONDS: NOT CUT FROM THE SAME ROUGH Eloïse Gaillou, Wuyi Wang, Jeffrey E. Post, John M. King, James E. Butler, Alan T. Collins, and Thomas M. Moses Two historic blue diamonds, the Hope and the Wittelsbach-Graff, appeared together for the first time at the Smithsonian Institution in 2010. Both diamonds were apparently purchased in India in the 17th century and later belonged to European royalty. In addition to the parallels in their histo- ries, their comparable color and bright, long-lasting orange-red phosphorescence have led to speculation that these two diamonds might have come from the same piece of rough. Although the diamonds are similar spectroscopically, their dislocation patterns observed with the DiamondView differ in scale and texture, and they do not show the same internal strain features. The results indicate that the two diamonds did not originate from the same crystal, though they likely experienced similar geologic histories. he earliest records of the famous Hope and Adornment (Toison d’Or de la Parure de Couleur) in Wittelsbach-Graff diamonds (figure 1) show 1749, but was stolen in 1792 during the French T them in the possession of prominent Revolution. Twenty years later, a 45.52 ct blue dia- European royal families in the mid-17th century. mond appeared for sale in London and eventually They were undoubtedly mined in India, the world’s became part of the collection of Henry Philip Hope. only commercial source of diamonds at that time. Recent computer modeling studies have established The original ancestor of the Hope diamond was that the Hope diamond was cut from the French an approximately 115 ct stone (the Tavernier Blue) Blue, presumably to disguise its identity after the that Jean-Baptiste Tavernier sold to Louis XIV of theft (Attaway, 2005; Farges et al., 2009; Sucher et France in 1668. -
HIGHLIGHTS and BREAKTHROUGHS Sapphire, A
1 HIGHLIGHTS AND BREAKTHROUGHS 2 Sapphire, a not so simple gemstone 3 F. LIN SUTHERLAND1* 4 1Geoscience, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. 5 *E-mail: [email protected] 6 Abstract: Sapphire is a gemstone of considerable reach and is much researched. It still delivers scientific surprises, as exemplified by a 7 recent paper in American Mineralogist that re-interprets the origin of needle-like rutile inclusions that form “silk” in sapphires. 8 Understanding of variations in sapphire genesis continues to expand. Keywords: Sapphire, inclusions, trace elements, genesis 9 Sapphire as a gem variety of corundum has wide use in the gem trade as one of the more historically valuable colored gem stones 10 (CGS) and is mined from a great variety of continental gem deposits across the world. A masterly compendium on this gemstone and its 11 ramifications is recently available (Hughes 2017). As a gem, sapphire ranges through all the colors of corundum, except where 12 sufficient Cr enters its α-alumina crystal structure and causes the red color of the variety ruby. Sapphire, as a key pillar in a wide 13 economic network of gem enhancing treatments, jewelry and other manufacturing enterprises, has elicited numerous scientific and 14 gemological enquiries into its internal nature and natural genesis and subsequent treatments. A further use of sapphire as a synthetic 15 material with a great variety of purposes also has triggered a proliferation of detailed studies on its growth, properties and other element 16 substitutional effects (Dobrovinski et al. 2009). Even with this vast range of studies, this apparently simple gemstone still yields 17 controversies and breakthroughs in understanding its genetic formation. -
Blue Diamond Prices Are on the Rise
This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. To order presentation-ready copies for distribution to your colleagues, clients or customers visit http://www.djreprints.com. https://www.barrons.com/articles/blue-diamond-prices-are-on-the-rise-1518037930 Blue Diamond Prices Are on the Rise By Ariel R. Shapiro Feb. 7, 2018 4:12 p.m. ET The fancy color diamond market is on the upswing, according to a report, with blue diamonds seeing the largest gains. Blue diamonds saw a 5.9% increase in value in the fourth quarter of 2017 in a year-over-year comparison, according to data published on Feb. 1 by the Fancy Color Research Foundation (FCRF). Pink and yellow diamond prices decreased slightly in the same period, at 0.8% and 1.8%, respectively. The market overall was up 0.1%. A fancy vivid blue diamond ring (est. $14-18 million) goes on view at Sotheby's on Oct. 13, 2017 in London. ILLUSTRATION: GETTY IMAGES FOR SOTHEBY'S In November 2017, Christie’s sold a 8.67-carat fancy intense blue diamond ring in Geneva, Switzerland for $13.2 million. The reason for this disparity has less to do with demand, than it does with the rarity of the stone, says FCRF Chairman Eden Rachminov. Demand for yellow and pink diamonds is actually higher, but the amount of blue diamonds being mined is decreasing. “Almost nothing is coming out of the ground,” he says. Pink diamonds have seen the highest gains in the last 13 years with an overall appreciation of 361.9%, according to FCRF’s index, which is compiled through survey data provided by manufacturers and brokers. -
Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences in Montana
Report of Investigation 23 Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences in Montana Richard B. Berg 2015 Cover photo by Richard Berg. Sapphires (very pale green and colorless) concentrated by panning. The small red grains are garnets, commonly found with sapphires in western Montana, and the black sand is mainly magnetite. Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences, RI 23 Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences in Montana Richard B. Berg Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology MBMG Report of Investigation 23 2015 i Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences, RI 23 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................1 Descriptions of Occurrences ..................................................................................................7 Selected Bibliography of Articles on Montana Sapphires ................................................... 75 General Montana ............................................................................................................75 Yogo ................................................................................................................................ 75 Southwestern Montana Alluvial Deposits........................................................................ 76 Specifi cally Rock Creek sapphire district ........................................................................ 76 Specifi cally Dry Cottonwood Creek deposit and the Butte area .................................... -
Do Zircon and Monazite Consistently Record Garnet Growth in High-Grade Rocks?
Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 21, EGU2019-5915-1, 2019 EGU General Assembly 2019 © Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license. Do zircon and monazite consistently record garnet growth in high-grade rocks? Lorraine Tual (1,2), Ellen Kooijman (1), Melanie Schmitt (1), and Matthijs Smit (2) (1) Department of Geosciences, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden ([email protected]), (2) Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Garnet Lu-Hf ages are used to monitor the systematics of rare earth elements (REE) and age record in accessory minerals. We performed in-situ LA-(MC-)ICPMS U-(Th-)Pb dating and REE analysis on zircon and monazite in two contrasting high-grade rock samples: dry felsic granulite xenoliths from the Pamir, Tajikistan and fluid-rich, ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) migmatites from the Western Gneiss Region (WGR), Norway. In parallel, garnet from the same samples were subjected to REE analysis and dated by Lu-Hf. The datasets are compared to see whether, and to what extent, REE systematics in accessory phases can be correlated with garnet growth. Garnet in the hydrous UHP migmatite contains abundant zircon and monazite inclusions. The Gd/Yb values and U-(Th-)Pb ages of these inclusions show significant dispersion and do not systematically correlate. Highest Gd/Yb values occur at 420-410 and c. 420 Ma for monazite and zircon, respectively. Garnet in this rock yielded a Lu-Hf garnet bulk age of c. 422 Ma. The data obtained from the dry Pamir xenoliths show a different pattern. Accessory minerals grew in distinct pulses between 50 and 11 Ma, and indicate garnet growth between 42-37 Ma [1]. -
Queer Utopia in Steven Universe Mandy Elizabeth Moore University of Florida, [email protected]
Research on Diversity in Youth Literature Volume 2 | Issue 1 Article 5 June 2019 Future Visions: Queer Utopia in Steven Universe Mandy Elizabeth Moore University of Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://sophia.stkate.edu/rdyl Recommended Citation Moore, Mandy Elizabeth (2019) "Future Visions: Queer Utopia in Steven Universe," Research on Diversity in Youth Literature: Vol. 2 : Iss. 1 , Article 5. Available at: http://sophia.stkate.edu/rdyl/vol2/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by SOPHIA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Research on Diversity in Youth Literature by an authorized editor of SOPHIA. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Moore: Future Visions: Queer Utopia in Steven Universe Since it premiered on Cartoon Network in 2013, Steven Universe has garnered both praise and criticism for its portrayal of queer characters and its flexible approach to gender. Created by Rebecca Sugar, a bisexual and nonbinary artist, the show tells the story of Steven, a half-human, half-alien teenager raised by a trio of alien parental figures called the Crystal Gems. Steven’s adventures range from helping his friends at the local donut shop to defending Earth from the colonizing forces of the Gem Homeworld. Across its five seasons, this series has celebrated many queer firsts for animated children’s content. In 2018, Steven Universe aired one of the first cartoon same-sex wedding scenes (“Reunited”), and in 2019, it became the first animated show to win a Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) award, taking home the prize for Outstanding Kids and Family Programming. -
Radiohalos and Diamonds: Are Diamonds Really for Ever?
The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism Volume 6 Print Reference: Pages 323-334 Article 28 2008 Radiohalos and Diamonds: Are Diamonds Really for Ever? Mark H. Armitage Andrew A. Snelling Answers in Genesis Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings DigitalCommons@Cedarville provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. However, the opinions and sentiments expressed by the authors of articles published in our journals do not necessarily indicate the endorsement or reflect the views of DigitalCommons@Cedarville, the Centennial Library, or Cedarville University and its employees. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their work. Please address questions to [email protected]. Browse the contents of this volume of The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism. Recommended Citation Armitage, Mark H. and Snelling, Andrew A. (2008) "Radiohalos and Diamonds: Are Diamonds Really for Ever?," The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism: Vol. 6 , Article 28. Available at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings/vol6/iss1/28 In A. A. Snelling (Ed.) (2008). Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Creationism (pp. 323–334). Pittsburgh, PA: Creation Science Fellowship and Dallas, TX: Institute for Creation Research. Radiohalos and Diamonds: Are Diamonds Really for Ever? Mark H. Armitage, M.S. Ed.S., Microspecialist, 587 Ventu Park Road 304, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 Andrew A. Snelling, Ph.D., Director of Research, Answers in Genesis, P.O. Box 510, Hebron, KY 41048 Abstract Radiohalos were first reported in diamonds more than a decade ago. -
Murostar-Katalog-2018-2019.Pdf
Material B2B Großhandel für Piercing- und Tattoo- B2B Wholesale for body piercing and Unsere Qualität ist Ihre Zufriedenheit Our quality is your satisfaction About Us studios, sowie Schmuck- und Juwelier- tattoo studios as well as jewelry stores vertriebe Oberste Priorität hat bei uns die reibungslose Abwicklung Our top priority is to provide a smooth transaction and fast Titan Produkte entsprechen dem Grad 23 (Ti6AL 4V Eli) und Titanium products correspond to titanium grade 23 (Ti6Al und schnelle Lieferung Ihrer Ware. Daher verlassen ca. 95 % delivery. Therefore, approximately 95% of all orders are sind generell hochglanzpoliert. Sterilisierbar. 4V Eli) and are generally high polished. For sterilization. aller Aufträge unser Lager noch am selben Tag. shipped out on the same day. Black Titan besteht grundsätzlich aus Titan Grad 23 (Ti6AL Black Titanium is composed of titanium grade 23 (Ti6Al 4V Unser dynamisches, kundenorientiertes Team sowie ausge- Our dynamic, customer-oriented team and excellent expe- 4V Eli) und ist zusätzlich mit einer PVD Titanium Beschich- Eli) and is additionally equipped with a PVD Black Titanium zeichnete Erfahrungswerte garantieren Ihnen einen hervor- rience guarantee excellent service and expert advice. tung geschwärzt. Sterilisierbar. Coating. For sterilization. ragenden Service und kompetente Beratung. Steel Schmuck besteht grundsätzlich aus Chirurgenstahl Steel jewelry is composed of 316L Surgical Steel and is also Sie bestellen schnell und unkompliziert online, telefo- Your order can be placed quickly and easily online, by 316L und ist ebenfalls hochglanzpoliert. Sterilisierbar. high polished. For sterilization. nisch, per Fax oder Email mittels unseres einfachen Ex- phone, fax or email using our simple Express Number press-Nummern-Systems ohne Angabe von Farb- oder Grö- System only without providing colors or sizes. -
Gemstones by Donald W
GEMSTONES By Donald W. olson Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Nicholas A. Muniz, statistical assistant, and the world production table was prepared by Glenn J. Wallace, international data coordinator. In this report, the terms “gem” and “gemstone” mean any gemstones and on the cutting and polishing of large diamond mineral or organic material (such as amber, pearl, petrified wood, stones. Industry employment is estimated to range from 1,000 to and shell) used for personal adornment, display, or object of art ,500 workers (U.S. International Trade Commission, 1997, p. 1). because it possesses beauty, durability, and rarity. Of more than Most natural gemstone producers in the United states 4,000 mineral species, only about 100 possess all these attributes and are small businesses that are widely dispersed and operate are considered to be gemstones. Silicates other than quartz are the independently. the small producers probably have an average largest group of gemstones; oxides and quartz are the second largest of less than three employees, including those who only work (table 1). Gemstones are subdivided into diamond and colored part time. the number of gemstone mines operating from gemstones, which in this report designates all natural nondiamond year to year fluctuates because the uncertainty associated with gems. In addition, laboratory-created gemstones, cultured pearls, the discovery and marketing of gem-quality minerals makes and gemstone simulants are discussed but are treated separately it difficult to obtain financing for developing and sustaining from natural gemstones (table 2). Trade data in this report are economically viable deposits (U.S. -
The Geochronology and Geochemistry of Zircon As Evidence for the Reconcentration of REE in the Triassic Period in the Chungju Area, South Korea
minerals Article The Geochronology and Geochemistry of Zircon as Evidence for the Reconcentration of REE in the Triassic Period in the Chungju Area, South Korea Sang-Gun No 1,* and Maeng-Eon Park 2 1 Mineral Resources Development Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Korea 2 Department of Earth Environmental Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-10-9348-7807 Received: 1 November 2019; Accepted: 2 January 2020; Published: 5 January 2020 Abstract: The Chungju rare-earth element (REE) deposit is located in the central part of the Okcheon Metamorphic Belt (OMB) in the Southern Korean Peninsula and research on REE mineralization in the Gyemyeongsan Formation has been continuous since the first report in 1989. The genesis of the REE mineralization that occurred in the Gyemyeongsan Formation has been reported by previous researchers; theories include the fractional crystallization of alkali magma, magmatic hydrothermal alteration, and recurrent mineralization during metamorphism. In the Gyemyeongsan Formation, we discovered an allanite-rich vein that displays the paragenetic relationship of quartz, allanite, and zircon, and we investigated the chemistry and chronology of zircon obtained from this vein. We analyzed the zircon’s chemistry with an electron probe X-ray micro analyzer (EPMA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The grain size of the zircon is as large as 50 µm and has an inherited core (up to 15 µm) and micrometer-sized sector zoning (up to several micrometers in size). In a previous study, the zircon ages were not obtained because the grain size was too small to analyze. -
Almonds on Parade! Meet Your New Board Director Protein Powder
NEWS, VIEWS, AND INDUSTRY INSIGHT JANUARY– FEBRUARY 2020 Almonds Protein Powder Meet Your New on Parade! Launch Board Director Contents JAN–FEB 2020 8 FIELD TEAM 10 NEWS IN A NUTSHELL 16 CULTIVATING SUSTAINABILITY 20 CORNERING THE MARKET 24 ADVOCACY REPORT 28 GROWING THE GOODNESS 30 IN YOUR ORCHARD 50 CLASSIFIED ADS Features 6 President’s Corner 20 Blue Diamond Unveils New Almond President and CEO Mark Jansen shares what we Protein Powder have to look forward to in this new year and new Blue Diamond’s first new major product of 2020 decade, including the celebration of the co-op’s showcases the latest innovation offering consumers protein 110th anniversary. powder made with 100 percent pure almond protein. 14 Almonds on Parade 28 Meet Your New District 8 Board Director For the second year in a row, Blue Diamond brought its As a fifth generation farmer and third generation almond almond growing history to the life in the Rose Parade, grower, being part of the Blue Diamond family has been held New Year’s Day in Pasadena, California. memorable for Matthew Efird and his family. ON THE COVER: Blue Diamond growers represented the co-op and Almond Breeze brand at the Rose Parade in Pasadena, California. JANUARY–FEBRUARY 2020 3 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Dan Cummings, Chairman of the Board | Chico Dale Van Groningen, Vice Chairman | Ripon John Monroe | Arbuckle Kevin Fondse | Ripon Stephen Van Duyn | Modesto Charles Crivelli III | Turlock Dan Mendenhall | Winton Matthew Efird | Fresno Kent Stenderup | Arvin Joe Huston | Monterey OFFICERS Mark Jansen, President and CEO Dean LaVallee, Chief Financial Officer ALMOND FACTS STAFF Samantha DeMelo, Managing Editor Mel Machado, Contributing Photographer Gray Allen, Advertising Sales 916.783.4334 & 916.765.3234 Blue Diamond, the world’s largest processor and marketer of almonds, exports to over 100 countries. -
Geochemistry and Genesis of Beryl Crystals in the LCT Pegmatite Type, Ebrahim-Attar Mountain, Western Iran
minerals Article Geochemistry and Genesis of Beryl Crystals in the LCT Pegmatite Type, Ebrahim-Attar Mountain, Western Iran Narges Daneshvar 1 , Hossein Azizi 1,* , Yoshihiro Asahara 2 , Motohiro Tsuboi 3 , Masayo Minami 4 and Yousif O. Mohammad 5 1 Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran; [email protected] 2 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; [email protected] 3 Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1337, Japan; [email protected] 4 Division for Chronological Research, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; [email protected] 5 Department of Geology, College of Science, Sulaimani University, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +98-918-872-3794 Abstract: Ebrahim-Attar granitic pegmatite, which is distributed in southwest Ghorveh, western Iran, is strongly peraluminous and contains minor beryl crystals. Pale-green to white beryl grains are crystallized in the rim and central parts of the granite body. The beryl grains are characterized by low contents of alkali oxides (Na2O = 0.24–0.41 wt.%, K2O = 0.05–0.17 wt.%, Li2O = 0.03–0.04 wt.%, Citation: Daneshvar, N.; Azizi, H.; and Cs2O = 0.01–0.03 wt.%) and high contents of Be2O oxide (10.0 to 11.9 wt.%). The low contents Asahara, Y.; Tsuboi, M.; Minami, M.; of alkali elements (oxides), low Na/Li (apfu) ratios (2.94 to 5.75), and variations in iron oxide Mohammad, Y.O.