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Juan Andres Anza REVISÃO DAS ESPÉCIES DO GÊNERO Rhamdia

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Juan Andres Anza REVISÃO DAS ESPÉCIES DO GÊNERO Rhamdia Juan Andres Anza REVISÃO DAS ESPÉCIES DO GÊNERO Rhamdia (SILURIFORMES: HEPTAPTERIDAE) DE DRENAGENS COSTEIRAS DO SUL E SUDESTE DO BRASIL, UM EXEMPLO DE DIVERSIDADE SUBESTIMADA DO GÊNERO Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Animal. Área de Concentração: Biologia Comparada Orientador: Prof. Dr. Luiz R. Malabarba UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL PORTO ALEGRE 2006 AGRADECIMENTOS Ao concluir esta dissertação de mestrado agradeço ao All Catfish Species Inventory (ACSI) (National Science Foundation, NSF DEB- 0315963) pelo financiamento deste trabalho; a Zilda Margarete S. de Lucena pelo empréstimo de exemplares do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (MCP); a Vinícius Abilhoa pelo empréstimo de exemplares do Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbúia (MHNCI); a Osvaldo T. Oyakawa pelo empréstimo de exemplares do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP); a Phil Wilink do FMNH e a Mark Sabaj do ANSP, pelo envio de informações de material-tipo; a meu orientador, Luiz Roberto Malabarba; a minha família, em especial minha mãe, Maria A. Simões e a meu pai, Washington R. A. Valiente; e a muitos e muitos amigos que contribuíram para a elaboração deste trabalho. ii SUMÁRIO Agradecimentos.............................................................................................. ii Lista de figuras................................................................................................ iv Resumo........................................................................................................... xii 1. Introdução.................................................................................................. 01 2. Material e Métodos 2.1 Área de estudo.................................................................................. 07 2.2 Material examinado........................................................................... 07 2.3 Análise do material obtido................................................................. 08 2.4 Análise das informações obtidas....................................................... 12 3. Resultados................................................................................................. 13 Rhamdia sp. 1........................................................................................... 14 Rhamdia sp. 2........................................................................................... 24 Rhamdia sp. 3........................................................................................... 36 Rhamdia sp. 4........................................................................................... 46 Rhamdia sp. 5........................................................................................... 64 4. Discussão.................................................................................................. 73 5. Conclusões................................................................................................ 82 6. Referências Bibliográficas......................................................................... 83 7. Figuras....................................................................................................... 88 iii LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1. Rhamdia sp. 1 (MZUSP 58802; 98,6 mm de CP) em vista lateral esquerda, em vista dorsal e em vista ventral..........................................................88 Figura 2. Rhamdia sp. 1 (MZUSP 70610; 153,6 mm de CP) em vista lateral direita, em vista dorsal e em vista ventral...........................................................................89 Figura 3. Rhamdia sp. 1 (MZUSP 78391; 155,7 mm de CP) em vista lateral esquerda, em vista dorsal e em vista ventral..........................................................90 Figura 4. Correlação linear com intervalo de confiança de 95% (linhas pontilhadas) entre o comprimento padrão (CP, mm) e a altura do corpo (AC, mm) em Rhamdia sp. 1, R. sp. 2, R. sp. 3, R. sp. 4 e R. sp. 5.............................................................91 Figura 5. Correlação linear com intervalo de confiança de 95% (linhas pontilhadas) entre o comprimento padrão (CP, mm) e a altura do pedúnculo caudal (APC, mm) em Rhamdia sp. 1, R. sp. 2, R. sp. 3, R. sp. 4 e R. sp. 5.......................................91 Figura 6. Correlação linear com intervalo de confiança de 95% (linhas pontilhadas) entre o comprimento da cabeça (CC, mm) e o comprimento do focinho (CF, mm) em Rhamdia sp. 1, R. sp. 2 e R. sp. 5....................................................................92 Figura 7. Correlação linear com intervalo de confiança de 95% (linhas pontilhadas) entre o comprimento da cabeça (CC, mm) e a largura da placa de dentes pré- maxilares (LPMx, mm) em Rhamdia sp. 1, R. sp. 2 e R. sp. 5...............................92 Figura 8. Correlação linear com intervalo de confiança de 95% (linhas pontilhadas) entre o comprimento da placa de dentes pré-maxilares (CPMx, mm) e a largura da placa de dentes pré-maxilares (LPMx, mm) em Rhamdia sp. 1, R. sp. 2, R. sp. 3, R. sp. 4 e R. sp. 5...................................................................................................93 Figura 9. Correlação linear com intervalo de confiança de 95% (linhas pontilhadas) entre o comprimento padrão (CP, mm) e o diâmetro da órbita (ORB, mm) em Rhamdia sp. 1, R. sp. 2, R. sp. 3, R. sp. 4 e R. sp. 5.............................................93 iv Figura 10. Correlação linear com intervalo de confiança de 95% (linhas pontilhadas) entre a altura do pedúnculo caudal (APC, mm) e o comprimento do pedúnculo caudal (CPC, mm) em Rhamdia sp. 1, R. sp. 2, R. sp. 3 e R. sp. 5.....94 Figura 11. Correlação linear com intervalo de confiança de 95% (linhas pontilhadas) entre o comprimento padrão (CP, mm) e o comprimento da cabeça (CC, mm) em Rhamdia sp. 1, R. sp. 3 e R. sp. 5...................................................94 Figura 12. Correlação linear com intervalo de confiança de 95% (linhas pontilhadas) entre o comprimento padrão (CP, mm) e a distância entre as narinas anteriores e posteriores (DNAP, mm) em Rhamdia sp. 1, R. sp. 2 e R. sp. 3........95 Figura 13. Correlação linear com intervalo de confiança de 95% (linhas pontilhadas) entre o comprimento padrão (CP, mm) e o comprimento do espinho da nadadeira dorsal (CED, mm) em Rhamdia sp. 1, R. sp. 2, R. sp. 3, R. sp. 4 e R. sp. 5........................................................................................................................95 Figura 14. Correlação linear com intervalo de confiança de 95% (linhas pontilhadas) entre o comprimento padrão (CP, mm) e o comprimento do espinho da nadadeira peitoral (CEP, mm) em Rhamdia sp. 1, R. sp. 2, R. sp. 3, R. sp. 4 e R. sp. 5....................................................................................................................96 Figura 15. Placas de dentes pré-maxilares de Rhamdia sp. 1 em vista ventral (MZUSP 78393; 117,3 mm de CP e MZUSP 58802; 137,9 mm de CP)................97 Figura 16. Em A: espinho da nadadeira peitoral direita de Rhamdia sp. 1 em vista dorsal (MZUSP 78393; 117,3 mm de CP). Em B: espinho da nadadeira peitoral esquerda de Rhamdia sp. 1 em vista dorsal (MZUSP 78393; 117,3 mm de CP). Em C: espinho da nadadeira peitoral direita de Rhamdia sp. 1 em vista dorsal (MZUSP 58802; 137,9 mm de CP).........................................................................98 Figura 17. Mapa de distribuição geográfica das espécies de Rhamdia diagnosticadas neste trabalho. = Rhamdia sp. 1, z = Rhamdia sp. 2, = Rhamdia sp. 3, S = Rhamdia sp. 4, = Rhamdia sp. 5.......................................99 Figura 18. Rhamdia sp. 2 (MCP 27312; 138,9 mm de CP) em vista lateral direita, em vista dorsal e em vista ventral.........................................................................100 v Figura 19. Rhamdia sp. 2 (MCP 27312; 166 mm de CP) em vista lateral direita, em vista dorsal e em vista ventral...............................................................................101 Figura 20. Rhamdia sp. 2 (MCP 28113; 199,7 mm de CP) em vista lateral esquerda, em vista dorsal e em vista ventral........................................................102 Figura 21. Detalhe da cabeça de Rhamdia sp. 2 (MCP 27308; 282,4 mm de CP) em vista dorsal, em vista lateral direita e em vista ventral....................................103 Figura 22. Correlação linear com intervalo de confiança de 95% (linhas pontilhadas) entre o comprimento da cabeça (CC, mm) e a largura da placa de dentes pré-maxilares (LPMx, mm) em Rhamdia sp. 1, R. sp. 2, R. sp. 3, R. sp. 4 e R. sp. 5..................................................................................................................104 Figura 23. Correlação linear com intervalo de confiança de 95% (linhas pontilhadas) entre o comprimento padrão (CP, mm) e a largura do corpo (LC, mm) em Rhamdia sp. 2, R. sp. 3 e R. sp. 4..................................................................104 Figura 24. Correlação linear com intervalo de confiança de 95% (linhas pontilhadas) entre o comprimento padrão (CP, mm) e a distância pré-peitoral (DPP, mm) em Rhamdia sp. 1, R. sp. 2 e R. sp. 5...............................................105 Figura 25. Placas de dentes pré-maxilares de Rhamdia sp. 2 em vista ventral (MCP 27312; 136,4 mm de CP; MCP 28113; 122,5 mm de CP e MCP 28113; 152,9 mm de CP)..................................................................................................106
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