DOCSLIB.ORG

Charlotte A. Swertz MORPHOLOGY of GERMLINGS of UREDINIOSPORES and ITS VALUE for the IDENTIFICATION and CLASSIFICATION of GRASS R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Charlotte A. Swertz MORPHOLOGY of GERMLINGS of UREDINIOSPORES and ITS VALUE for the IDENTIFICATION and CLASSIFICATION of GRASS R Charlotte A. Swertz MORPHOLOGY OF GERMLINGS OF UREDINIOSPORES AND ITS VALUE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GRASS RUST FUNGI CENTRALE LANDBOUWCATALOGUS 0000 0574 1844 Promotondr. ir. J. E. Parlevliet, Hoogleraar plantenveredeling Co-promotor:dr. ir. R. E. Niks Universitair docent plantenveredeling fj I' - - \ Charlotte A. Swertz MORPHOLOGY OF GERMLINGS OF UREDINIOSPORES AND ITS VALUE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GRASS RUST FUNGI Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor in de landbouw- en milieuwetenschappen op gezag van de rector magnificus, dr. C. M. Karssen, in het openbaar te verdedigen op donderdag 16jun i 1994 des namiddags te half twee in de Aula van de Landbouwuniversiteit te Wageningen O CANDBOUWUNIV WAGEN1NGE M IWO The investigations were supported by the Foundation for Biological Research (BION), which is subsidized by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). /J^O^Ol( />% Stellingen 1. De overeenkomsten in morfologie van de infectiestructuren en in isozym- bandenpatronen tussen roestschimmels voorkomend op tarwes (Triticum spp.) en Aegiiops squarrosa en op kweekgras (Agropyronrepens) en Hordeum jubatum suggereren dat beide kenmerken specifiek zijn voor een roestsoort en niet voor de waard waarop de roest gevonden wordt. 2. Kenmerken van uredinia en urediniosporen worden sterker door milieu- omstandigheden beïnvloed dan de kenmerken van de infectiestructuren ontstaan uit de urediniosporen. 3. Gezien de morfologische, biologische en biochemische overeenkomsten tussen Puccinia hordei en C/romvces-roesten voorkomend op gerst, is het juister deze roesten in één soort onder te brengen. 4. Een volledige referentie-collectie van roestschimmels bestaat uit een preparatendoos met daarin stukjes gekleurd blad. 5. Een bijzondere roestschimmel vindj e pas alsj e de moed hebt opgegeven. 6. De hoge populariteit van biotechnologisch onderzoek mag niet ten koste gaan van klassiek taxonomisch onderzoek. L. Fresco, NRC-Handelsblad, 10-3-94. 7. Vanuit een botanisch standpunt kan de aanleg van de Betuwelijn aantrekkelijk zijn. Koster, A. 1987. Notitie no. 14. Adviesgroep Vegetatiebeheer Wageningen. 8. Militaire ingrepen van buitenaf kunnen geen oplossingen brengen in burgeroorlogen. 9. Het isjuiste r het Nationale Ballet het Amsterdams Ballet te noemen. 10. Positieve discriminatie in sollicitatie-procedures is een belediging voor de vrouw. 11. De mededeling op pakken Hagelslag: 'doordat nu ook het tuitje van karton is, kun je het pak bij het oud papier zetten' wekt de indruk dat de producent niet vermoedt dat de consument in staat is een metalen tuitje te verwijderen. 12. Een roestende vogel is beter af dan een roestende plant. Stellingen behorende bij het proefschrift 'Morphology of germlings of urediniospores and its value for the identification and classification of grass rust fungi' Charlotte Swertz Wageningen, 16jun i 1994 M/U0$2öl, /Vfc. ADDENDUM De publicatie van dit proefschrift is gedeeltelijk gefinancieerd door het LEB-fonds (Stichting 'Fonds Landbouw Export Bureau 1916/1918'). Aan mijn ouders VOORWOORD Het isa l weer bijna 5jaa r geleden dat iko pd evakgroe p Plantenveredeling van de Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen ben begonnen aan een onderzoek aan roestschimmelsva ngrasse n engranen . Gedurendedez evijfjaa r hebi knie tvoortduren d op Plantenveredeling achter een microscoop, computer of ziek plantje gezeten, maar ik heb ook vele verzamelreizen en werkbezoeken aan andere landen en instituten gebracht. Ik wil graag mijn promotor, J. E. Parlevliet, en co-promotor, Rients Niks, bedankenvoo rhe tfei tda tz emi jvoo rdez eafwisselend e OIO-plaatshebbe n uitgekozen. Hunbegeleidin g en kritisch commentaar opmij n manuscripten zijn voor mij waardevol geweest om tot een afronding van dit onderzoek te komen. Ook wil ik mijn collega's op de vakgroep bedanken voor de prettige werksfeer. Tevens wil ik op deze plek BION (nu LSW) en NWO bedanken, die mij door het verstrekken van reisbeurzen in staathebbe n gesteld zovee l reizen te maken, reizen waardoor ik mijn kennis en inzicht in de roestschimmels heb vergroot en mijn roestverzameling heb uit gebreid. De gemaakte reizen waren niet alleen wetenschappelijk maar ook cultureel interessant, omdat ikbezoeke n heb gebracht aano.a . Tsjechië (voor ènn ad eFluwele n Revolutie), de Verenigde Staten en Canada, Schotland, Duitsland en Israël. Het ontmoeten van mensen uitzovee lverschillend e culturen enlande n hebi kal see n unieke en belangrijke levenservaring opgevat. Vooral het werkbezoek aan Noord Amerika in de zomer van 1991, een busrondreis om roest te verzamelen door Tsjechië met Dr. Markovâi n september 1990e nee n roest-verzameltripove rd eGola n hoogte, Israël, in mei 1992 met Yehoshua Anikster hebben grote indruk op mij gemaakt. Belangrijk voorhe tverzamele n vanroeste n uitde nvreemd ewa she tcontac tme t ing. J. H. J. Heres van de Plantenziektenkundige Dienst, Wageningen. Hij stelde mij steeds zo snel mogelijk op de hoogte van het quarantaine-niveau voor het werken met deverzameld e roestschimmels. Dit wasbelangrij k wegens debeperkt e kiemkracht van het verzameld materiaal. Hiervoor mijn dank. De eerstejare n van mijn onderzoek had ik tijdens het verzamelen van roesten vaak de hulp van Fien Dekens. Fien, je was niet alleen tijdens het verzamelen van roesten, maar ook bij het praktische werk op de vakgroep een grote steun voor mij. Eddy Weeda wil ikbedanke n voor zijn inzet bij het zoeken naar bruine roesten op dravik-soorten, veldgerst engrot evossestaart . Van delaatst e roest hebben we zelfs het aeciosporenstadium op scherpe boterbloem gevonden! Ook mijn kamergenoten, Herman van Eek, Ronald Hutten en Anja Kuipers, verrasten mij met roestschimmels na een congres in Schotland. Theo Jacobs, jouw verzamelingen van roesten (en suikerzakjes) hebben ookee nbijdrag e geleverd aan deuitgebreidhei d van het materiaal wat ik heb kunnen bestuderen. Daarnaast was en ben je een heel gezellige collega en vriend! Wanneer ikplantje s had uitgegraven voorverde r onderzoek werden zei nd eka s door Rick Lubbers verder verzorgd. Ook zorgde Rick, alleen of samen met een of meerdere studenten, voor een brok gezelligheid op het Botanisch Lab. Bij depraktisch e en technische aspecten van deisozymelectrofores e heb ikvee l hulp gehad van Luuk Suurs. Luuk, ik ben je zeer erkentelijk voor je inzet en deskundigheid. Ophe t Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures in Delft hebik , metd ehul pva n Teun Boekhout, deDNA-inhou dva nd ekerne n vanurediniospore n vanenkel eroesttax a bepaald. Teun, de gastvrijheid van het CBS,j e hulp bij het microsopisch werk, en je kritisch doornemen van mijn manuscripten heb ik zeer gewaardeerd. Omdat ik steeds enige dagen achter elkaar in Delft metingen verrichtte, was ik erg blij met de mogelijkheid ombi j mijn broer Ottoi n Den Haag tekunne n overnachten. Otto,j e hebt me een boel gereis bespaard! Tenslotte wil ik Dirk Jan en mijn ouders bedanken. Dirk Jan, het werk met de schlemieltjes ziterop !Jou w statistische steune n inzeti n delaatst ejare n van mijn OIO- schap is erg belangrijk voor mij geweest. Ik hoop voortaan tijdens vakanties minder naar zieke grasjes te kijken. Mijn ouders hebben mij tijdens mijn studie en OIO-schap steeds in alles gesteund. Gezamenlijk een dagje naar de boer in 't Goy (Houten) was van jongsaf aan al een uitje. Nu konden we ook nog een weekendje naar Limburg of een weekje naar de Forez, Massif Central, Frankrijk, om roest te verzamelen. Ik ben heel blij dat we samen deze tripjes hebben kunnen maken, en dat deze ook nog een belangrijke bijdrage hebben geleverd aan dit boek. CONTENTS Terminology and abbreviations Abstract 1 1 General introduction 2 2 Morphological characters of uredinia and telia 7 3 The development of infection structures inhos t and non-host plants 17 4 Germling morphology of selected rust fungi 24 Material and methods 24 4.1 Pucciniacoronata 25 4.2 Pucciniagraminis 31 4.3 Pucciniabrachypodii 39 4.4 Pucciniarecondita 49 4.5 Puccinia hordeian d Uromyces species on barley 64 5 Evaluation of morphological characters of infection structures of urediniospore germlings 72 5.1 The value of morphological characters of urediniospore germlings for taxonomy 72 5.2 Evaluation of methods for the microscopic examination of urediniospore germlings81 6 The value of nuclear DNA content and isozyme banding patterns for taxonomie purposes 86 6.1 Nuclear DNA content of urediniospores 86 6.2 Isozyme electrophoresis of urediniospores 91 7 General discussion 107 8 Key to species studied 119 Acknowledgements 123 References 124 Appendix - collections studied 136 Pucciniacoronata 136 Puccinia graminis 138 Puccinia brachypodii 140 Puccinia recondita 142 Puccinia hordei 147 Puccinia striiformis 148 Index 149 Samenvatting 153 Curriculum vitae 157 Studies in Mycology ISSN 0166-0616 Stud. Mycol. 36 - ISBN 90-70351-24-2 SISO58 7 UDC 582.27.3 © Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, 1994. No part of thisjourna l may be reproduced in any form, by print, microfilm or any other means without written permission from the publisher. The contributions published in this series are refereed by independent external specialists. The present number has been edited by W. Gams. TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATIONS Germling morphology SSV = substomatal vesicle PIH = primary infection hypha HMC = haustorial mother cell SIH = secondary infection hyphae arising from the substomatal vesicle SH = secondary hyphae arising at the SSV-side of the HMC-septum SH-ADD = secondary hyphae arising along theprimar y infection hypha Orientation:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Puccinia</I> Species on <I>Poaceae</I
    ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/120.407 Volume 120, pp. 407–413 April–June 2012 New records of Puccinia species on Poaceae from Fairy Meadows, Pakistan N.S. Afshan1*, A.N. Khalid2 & A.R. Niazi2 1*Centre for Undergraduate Studies & 2Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan *Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract — During a survey of rust fungi of Fairy Meadows, Puccinia brachypodii var. major on Poa attenuata and P. substriata var. indica on Pennisetum orientale were reported for the first time. These new rust fungi records bring to 70 the number of Puccinia species reported on Poaceae from Pakistan. Puccinia brachypodii var. poae-nemoralis and P. poarum are also reported for the first time from Fairy Meadows. Key words — Anthoxanthum odoratum, graminicolous rust, Hunza Introduction This paper continues our study of graminicolous rust fungi from Pakistan. Previously, about 100 species of graminicolous rust fungi including 68 taxa of Puccinia have been reported from Pakistan (Afshan et al. 2010, 2011a,b). During a 2007 survey of the rust flora of Fairy Meadows, four members of Poaceae infected with rust fungi were collected. Among these, Puccinia brachypodii var. major on Poa attenuata and P. substriata var. indica on Pennisetum orientale represent new records for Pakistan, while P. brachypodii var. poae-nemoralis on Anthoxanthum odoratum and P. poarum on Poa pratensis are additions to the rust flora of Fairy Meadows. Anthoxanthum odoratum represents a new host for rust fungi from Pakistan.
    [Show full text]
  • By Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
    COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF TIIE ASSOCIATION OF PUCCIiVIA POARUM WITH ITS ALTERNATE HOSTS By TALIB aWAID AL-KHESRAJI Department of Botany~ Universiiy of SheffieZd Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy JUNE 1981 Vol 1 IMAGING SERVICES NORTH Boston Spa, Wetherby West Yorkshire, lS23 7BQ www.bl.uk BEST COpy AVAILABLE. VARIABLE PRINT QUALITY TO MY PARENTS i Ca.1PARATIVE ANATCl1Y AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PUCCINIA POARUM WITH ITS ALTERNATE HOSTS Talib Owaid Al-Khesraji Depaptment of Botany, Univepsity of Sheffield The relationship of the macrocyclic rust fungus PUccinia poarum with its pycnial-aecial host, Tussilago fapfaPa, and its uredial-telial host, Poa ppatensis, has been investigated, using light microscopy, electron microscopy and micro-autoradiography. Aspects of the morp­ hology and ontogeny of spores and sari, which were previously disputed, have been clarified. Monokaryotic hyphae grow more densely in the intercellular spaces of Tussilago leaves than the dikaryotic intercellular hyphae on Poa. Although ultrastructurally sbnilar, monokaryotic hyphae differ from dikaryotic hyphae in their interaction with host cell walls, often growing embedded in wall material which may project into the host cells. The frequency of penetration of Poa mesophyll cells by haustoria of the dikaryon is greater than that of Tussilago cells by the relatively undifferentiated intracellular hyphae of the monokaryon. Intracellular hyphae differ from haustoria in their irregular growth, septation, lack of a neck-band or markedly constricted neck, the deposition of host wall-like material in the external matrix bounded by the invaginated host plasmalemma and in the association of callose reactions \vith intracellular hyphae and adjacent parts of host walls.
    [Show full text]
  • WRITTEN FINDINGS of the WASHINGTON STATE NOXIOUS WEED CONTROL BOARD 2018 Noxious Weed List Proposal
    DRAFT: WRITTEN FINDINGS OF THE WASHINGTON STATE NOXIOUS WEED CONTROL BOARD 2018 Noxious Weed List Proposal Scientific Name: Tussilago farfara L. Synonyms: Cineraria farfara Bernh., Farfara radiata Gilib., Tussilago alpestris Hegetschw., Tussilago umbertina Borbás Common Name: European coltsfoot, coltsfoot, bullsfoot, coughwort, butterbur, horsehoof, foalswort, fieldhove, English tobacco, hallfoot Family: Asteraceae Legal Status: Proposed as a Class B noxious weed for 2018, to be designated for control throughout Washington, except for in Grant, Lincoln, Adams, Benton, and Franklin counties. Images: left, blooming flowerheads of Tussilago farfara, image by Caleb Slemmons, National Ecological Observatory Network, Bugwood.org; center, leaves of T. farfara growing with ferns, grasses and other groundcover species; right, mature seedheads of T. farfara before seeds have been dispersed, center and right images by Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org. Description and Variation: The common name of Tussilago farfara, coltsfoot, refers to the outline of the basal leaf being that of a colt’s footprint. Overall habit: Tussilago farfara is a rhizomatous perennial, growing up to 19.7 inches (50 cm tall), which can form extensive colonies. Plants first send up flowering stems in the spring, each with a single yellow flowerhead. Just before or after flowers have formed seeds, basal leaves on long petioles grow from the rhizomes, with somewhat roundish leaf blades that are more or less white-woolly on the undersides. Roots: Plants have long creeping, white scaly rhizomes (Griffiths 1994, Chen and Nordenstam 2011). Rhizomes are branching and have fibrous roots (Barkley 2006). They are also brittle and can break easily (Pfeiffer et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Flora of the British Isles: Poa Nemoralis
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13402 BIOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE BRITISH ISLES* No. 292 Biological Flora of the British Isles: Poa nemoralis Jan Plue1 | Sara A. O. Cousins1 | Karen De Pauw2 | Martin Diekmann3 | Jenny Hagenblad4 | Kenny Helsen5 | Martin Hermy6 | Jaan Liira7 | Anna Orczewska8 | Thomas Vanneste2 | Monika Wulf9 | Pieter De Frenne2 1Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; 2Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium; 3Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; 4Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; 5Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; 6Division of Forest, Nature & Landscape Research, University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; 7Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; 8Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland and 9Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany Correspondence Jan Plue Abstract Email: [email protected] 1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Poa nemoralis L. Funding information (Wood Meadow-grass) that are relevant to understanding its ecological charac- Svenska Forskningsrådet FORMAS Future teristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard frame- Research Leaders, Grant/Award Number: 2018-00961; European Research Council, work of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, Grant/Award Number: FORMICA 757833 responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiol- ogy, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Tarset and Greystead Biological Records
    Tarset and Greystead Biological Records published by the Tarset Archive Group 2015 Foreword Tarset Archive Group is delighted to be able to present this consolidation of biological records held, for easy reference by anyone interested in our part of Northumberland. It is a parallel publication to the Archaeological and Historical Sites Atlas we first published in 2006, and the more recent Gazeteer which both augments the Atlas and catalogues each site in greater detail. Both sets of data are also being mapped onto GIS. We would like to thank everyone who has helped with and supported this project - in particular Neville Geddes, Planning and Environment manager, North England Forestry Commission, for his invaluable advice and generous guidance with the GIS mapping, as well as for giving us information about the archaeological sites in the forested areas for our Atlas revisions; Northumberland National Park and Tarset 2050 CIC for their all-important funding support, and of course Bill Burlton, who after years of sharing his expertise on our wildflower and tree projects and validating our work, agreed to take this commission and pull everything together, obtaining the use of ERIC’s data from which to select the records relevant to Tarset and Greystead. Even as we write we are aware that new records are being collected and sites confirmed, and that it is in the nature of these publications that they are out of date by the time you read them. But there is also value in taking snapshots of what is known at a particular point in time, without which we have no way of measuring change or recognising the hugely rich biodiversity of where we are fortunate enough to live.
    [Show full text]
  • Ray G. Woods, R. Nigel Stringer, Debbie A. Evans and Arthur O. Chater
    Ray G. Woods, R. Nigel Stringer, Debbie A. Evans and Arthur O. Chater Summary The rust fungi are a group of specialised plant pathogens. Conserving them seems to fly in the face of reason. Yet as our population grows and food supplies become more precarious, controlling pathogens of crop plants becomes more imperative. Breeding resistance genes into such plants has proved to be the most cost effective solution. Such resistance genes evolve only in plants challenged by pathogens. We hope this report will assist in prioritising the conservation of natural ecosystems and traditional agro-ecosystems that are likely to be the richest sources of resistance genes. Despite its small size (11% of mainland Britain) Wales has supported 225 rust fungi taxa (including 199 species) representing 78% of the total British mainland rust species. For the first time using widely accepted international criteria and data collected from a number of mycologists and institutions, a Welsh regional threat status is offered for all native Welsh rust taxa. The results are compared with other published Red Lists for Wales. Information is also supplied in the form of a census catalogue, detailing the rust taxa recorded from each of the 13 Welsh vice-counties. Of the 225 rust taxa so far recorded from Wales 7 are probably extinct (3% of the total), and 39 (18%) are threatened with extinction. Of this latter total 13 taxa (6%) are considered to be Critically Endangered, 15 (7%) to be Endangered and 13 (6%) to be Vulnerable. A further 20 taxa (9%) are Near Threatened, whilst 15 taxa (7%) lacked sufficient data to permit evaluation.
    [Show full text]
  • COOPERATIVE Natlonal PARK RESOURCES STUDIES UNIT UNIVERSITY of HAWAI'i at MANOA
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by ScholarSpace at University of Hawai'i at Manoa COOPERATIVE NATlONAL PARK RESOURCES STUDIES UNIT UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I AT MANOA Dcl)irrtmcnt of Botany 3190 Mitile Wily Honolulu, Hirrvi~i'i96822 (808) 9SM218 Technical Report 100 RIJST AND SMUT FIJNGI OF HAWAI'I: AN ANNOTATED HOST INDEX ON ANGlOSPERMS AND FERNS Donirld E. Gartlncr Pirrilic Islirntls Ecos!stcms Rcsci~rchCentcr U.S. Gcolo:icid Sun.c\, Biologirirl Rcsourccs Division, 3190 Mililt Wit\ #.(I0 Ilni~~sityof Hiw;ri'i at M;rnoir, Dcpi~rtme~~tof Botany, Honol~~l~~,HI 90822, U.S.A. Mirrch 1996 Cooperat i\,c Agrceriients I445 CA 00-04- I000 Subag. 2 & 3 NPS CAOo 10-2-'1004 RUST AND SMUT FUNGI OF HAWAI'I: AN ANNOTATED HOST INDEX ON ANGIOSPERMS AND FERNS Donald E. Gardner ABSTRACT Rust and smut fungi are well-defined groups of plant pathogens. These groups generally are considered to be closely allied with one another and therefore are frequently discussed together. Both groups of fungi are known to cause major crop diseases and are well known throughout the world from the standpoint of their economic significance. These fungi occur on hosts of a variety of plant families in Hawai'i, most introduced from elsewhere, probably amving with their hosts rather than separately via wind-borne spores. However, some species occur as apparent endemic or indigenous forms on hosts native to the Islands. Members of the grass family (Poaceae) are the most frequent hosts of both the rusts and the smuts.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterising Plant Pathogen Communities and Their Environmental Drivers at a National Scale
    Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Characterising plant pathogen communities and their environmental drivers at a national scale A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University by Andreas Makiola Lincoln University, New Zealand 2019 General abstract Plant pathogens play a critical role for global food security, conservation of natural ecosystems and future resilience and sustainability of ecosystem services in general. Thus, it is crucial to understand the large-scale processes that shape plant pathogen communities. The recent drop in DNA sequencing costs offers, for the first time, the opportunity to study multiple plant pathogens simultaneously in their naturally occurring environment effectively at large scale. In this thesis, my aims were (1) to employ next-generation sequencing (NGS) based metabarcoding for the detection and identification of plant pathogens at the ecosystem scale in New Zealand, (2) to characterise plant pathogen communities, and (3) to determine the environmental drivers of these communities. First, I investigated the suitability of NGS for the detection, identification and quantification of plant pathogens using rust fungi as a model system.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuberculina-Helicobasidium: Host Specificity of the Tuberculina-Stage Reveals Unexpected Diversity Within the Group1
    Mycologia, 96(6), 2004, pp. 1316±1329. q 2004 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Tuberculina-Helicobasidium: Host speci®city of the Tuberculina-stage reveals unexpected diversity within the group1 Matthias Lutz2 erculina species become visible during sporulation as Robert Bauer hemispherical, lilac to violet mycelia that burst Dominik Begerow through the plant surfaces generally close to rust Franz Oberwinkler sori, releasing a powdery mass of conidia. Tuberculina UniversitaÈt TuÈbingen, Botanisches Institut, Lehrstuhl recently was demonstrated phylogenetically to be Spezielle Botanik und Mykologie, Auf der Morgenstelle closely related to its associates, the rusts, some species 1, D-72076 TuÈbingen, Germany representing the asexual life stage of species of the plant-parasitic genus Helicobasidium (Lutz et al 2004a, b). In contrast to the mycoparasitic genus Tub- Abstract: Tuberculina species are mitosporic para- erculina, Helicobasidium species are serious plant sites of rust fungi. It was demonstrated recently that pathogens causing the economically important violet Tuberculina represents the asexual life stage of the root rot. They are unspeci®c in their choice of hosts plant-parasitic genus Helicobasidium. Here we reveal (Buddin and Wake®eld 1924, Hering 1962) and re- the host speci®cities of Tuberculina and Helicobasi- ported as parasites of more than 120 plant species dium species on rust fungal hosts by means of infec- tion experiments and molecular analyses. We inocu- representing more than 50 families of the spermato- lated species of the rust genera Chrysomyxa, Coleos- phytes and ferns (Itoà 1949, Viennot-Bourgin 1949). porium, Cronartium, Gymnosporangium, Puccinia, Extensive research has been conducted on the biol- Tranzschelia and Uromyces with conidia and with ba- ogy of and the combat against Helicobasidium, but sidiospores of Helicobasidium longisporum and H.
    [Show full text]
  • Polyphyly and Two Emerging Lineages in the Rust Genera Puccinia and Uromyces
    mycological research 111 (2007) 176–185 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Polyphyly and two emerging lineages in the rust genera Puccinia and Uromyces Wolfgang MAIERa,*, Brenda D. WINGFIELDa, Mechthilde MENNICKENb, Michael J. WINGFIELDa aUniversity of Pretoria, Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Pretoria 0002, South Africa bDolziger Str. 48, 10247 Berlin, Germany article info abstract Article history: The phylogenetic validity of Puccinia and Uromyces, Pucciniaceae, and closely related genera Received 27 June 2006 was evaluated using nucLSU rDNA sequences. Using a wide range of rust species with dif- Received in revised form ferent life cycles and with different host specificities, Puccinia and Uromyces were shown to 6 October 2006 be highly polyphyletic and to also include representatives of the genera Aecidium, Cummin- Accepted 4 November 2006 siella, Dietelia, Endophyllum, Miyagia, and Uredo. Furthermore, the structure of the phyloge- Corresponding Editor: Gen Okada netic data did not reflect previous sub-generic delimitations based on teliospore pedicel structure, but rather suggests that at least two major lineages have evolved within Pucci- Keywords: nia/Uromyces: Rusts with telial states on Poaceae were exclusively found in one of these Basidiomycota groupings and those with telial states on Cyperaceae resided in the other lineage. This might Molecular phylogeny suggest that the two lineages evolved in close association with these host groups in differ- Pucciniaceae ent biomes. Pucciniales ª 2006 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Rust fungi Uredinales Introduction in Puccinia. This simplistic scheme is complicated by the fact, that there are species having both one- and two-celled telio- Puccinia and Uromyces are by far the two largest genera of rust spores and sometimes three- and four-celled spores.
    [Show full text]
  • CZECH MYCOLOGY F Formerly Česká Mykologie Í Published Quarterly by the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology !
    f ^ —\ I I VOLUME 56 I / L I 1— 1 AUGUST 2004 M y c o l o g y 1-2 CZECH SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY FOR MYCOLOGY PRAHA MYCn n I . O OM W < MYCX ISSN 1211-0981 í n I . O §r%u w < Vol. 56, No. 1-2, August 2004 i CZECH MYCOLOGY f formerly Česká mykologie í published quarterly by the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology ! http://www.natur.cuni.cz/cvsm/ ). EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief I ZDENĚK POUZAR (Praha) Managing editor ; JAN HOLEC (Praha) VLADIMÍR ANTONÍN (Brno) LUDMILA MARVANOVÁ (Brno) ; ROSTISLAV FELLNER (Praha) PETR PIKÁLEK (Praha) i ALEŠ LEBEDA (Olomouc) MIRKO SVRČEK (Praha) ! JAROSLAV KLÁN (Praha) PAVEL LIZOŇ (Bratislava) ALENA KUBÁTOVÁ (Praha) HANS PETER MOLITORIS (Regensburg) ; JIŘÍ KUNERT (Olomouc) ‘ Czech Mycology is an international scientific journal publishing papers in all aspects of mycology. Publication in the journal is open to members of the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology and non-members. \ Contributions to: Czech Mycology, National Museum, Mycological Department, Václavské : nám. 68, 115 79 Praha 1, Czech Republic. SUBSCRIPTION. Annual subscription is Kč 650,- (including postage). The annual sub­ scription for abroad is US $86,- or EUR 83,- (including postage). The annual member- Í ship fee of the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology (Kč 500,- or US $ 60,- for foreigners) includes the journal without any other additional payment. For subscriptions, address changes, payment and further information please contact The Czech Scientific Society for Mycology, P.O. Box 106, 11121 Praha 1, Czech Republic, http://www.natur.cuni.cz/cvsm/ i This journal is indexed or abstracted in: I Biological Abstracts, Abstracts of Mycology, Chemical Abstracts, Excerpta Medica, Bib­ liography of Systematic Mycology, Index of Fungi, Review of Plant Pathology, Veterinary ' Bulletin, CAB Abstracts, Rewiew of Medical and Veterinary Mycology.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogenetic Analysis of Species Diversity, Specificity, and Distribution of Mycodiplosis on Rust Fungi
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2013 A Phylogenetic Analysis of Species Diversity, Specificity, and Distribution of Mycodiplosis on Rust Fungi Donald Jay Nelsen Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Nelsen, Donald Jay, "A Phylogenetic Analysis of Species Diversity, Specificity, and Distribution of Mycodiplosis on Rust Fungi" (2013). LSU Master's Theses. 2700. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2700 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF SPECIES DIVERSITY, SPECIFICITY, AND DISTRIBUTION OF MYCODIPLOSIS ON RUST FUNGI A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology by Donald J. Nelsen B.S., Minnesota State University, Mankato, 2010 May 2013 Acknowledgments Many people gave of their time and energy to ensure that this project was completed. First, I would like to thank my major professor, Dr. M. Catherine Aime, for allowing me to pursue this research, for providing an example of scientific excellence, and for her comprehensive expertise in mycology and phylogenetics. Her professionalism and ability to discern the important questions continues to inspire me toward a deeper understanding of what it means to do exceptional scientific research.
    [Show full text]