Polyphyly and Two Emerging Lineages in the Rust Genera Puccinia and Uromyces
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Puccinia</I> Species on <I>Poaceae</I
ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/120.407 Volume 120, pp. 407–413 April–June 2012 New records of Puccinia species on Poaceae from Fairy Meadows, Pakistan N.S. Afshan1*, A.N. Khalid2 & A.R. Niazi2 1*Centre for Undergraduate Studies & 2Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan *Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract — During a survey of rust fungi of Fairy Meadows, Puccinia brachypodii var. major on Poa attenuata and P. substriata var. indica on Pennisetum orientale were reported for the first time. These new rust fungi records bring to 70 the number of Puccinia species reported on Poaceae from Pakistan. Puccinia brachypodii var. poae-nemoralis and P. poarum are also reported for the first time from Fairy Meadows. Key words — Anthoxanthum odoratum, graminicolous rust, Hunza Introduction This paper continues our study of graminicolous rust fungi from Pakistan. Previously, about 100 species of graminicolous rust fungi including 68 taxa of Puccinia have been reported from Pakistan (Afshan et al. 2010, 2011a,b). During a 2007 survey of the rust flora of Fairy Meadows, four members of Poaceae infected with rust fungi were collected. Among these, Puccinia brachypodii var. major on Poa attenuata and P. substriata var. indica on Pennisetum orientale represent new records for Pakistan, while P. brachypodii var. poae-nemoralis on Anthoxanthum odoratum and P. poarum on Poa pratensis are additions to the rust flora of Fairy Meadows. Anthoxanthum odoratum represents a new host for rust fungi from Pakistan. -
Mapping Non-Host Resistance to the Stem Rust Pathogen in an Interspecific Barberry Hybrid Radhika Bartaula1, Arthur T
Bartaula et al. BMC Plant Biology (2019) 19:319 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-1893-9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Mapping non-host resistance to the stem rust pathogen in an interspecific barberry hybrid Radhika Bartaula1, Arthur T. O. Melo2, Sarah Kingan3, Yue Jin4 and Iago Hale2* Abstract Background: Non-host resistance (NHR) presents a compelling long-term plant protection strategy for global food security, yet the genetic basis of NHR remains poorly understood. For many diseases, including stem rust of wheat [causal organism Puccinia graminis (Pg)], NHR is largely unexplored due to the inherent challenge of developing a genetically tractable system within which the resistance segregates. The present study turns to the pathogen’salternate host, barberry (Berberis spp.), to overcome this challenge. Results: In this study, an interspecific mapping population derived from a cross between Pg-resistant Berberis thunbergii (Bt)andPg-susceptible B. vulgaris was developed to investigate the Pg-NHR exhibited by Bt. To facilitate QTL analysis and subsequent trait dissection, the first genetic linkage maps for the two parental species were constructed and a chromosome-scale reference genome for Bt was assembled (PacBio + Hi-C). QTL analysis resulted in the identification of a single 13 cM region (~ 5.1 Mbp spanning 13 physical contigs) on the short arm of Bt chromosome 3. Differential gene expression analysis, combined with sequence variation analysis between the two parental species, led to the prioritization of several candidate genes within the QTL region, some of which belong to gene families previously implicated in disease resistance. Conclusions: Foundational genetic and genomic resources developed for Berberis spp. -
By Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF TIIE ASSOCIATION OF PUCCIiVIA POARUM WITH ITS ALTERNATE HOSTS By TALIB aWAID AL-KHESRAJI Department of Botany~ Universiiy of SheffieZd Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy JUNE 1981 Vol 1 IMAGING SERVICES NORTH Boston Spa, Wetherby West Yorkshire, lS23 7BQ www.bl.uk BEST COpy AVAILABLE. VARIABLE PRINT QUALITY TO MY PARENTS i Ca.1PARATIVE ANATCl1Y AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PUCCINIA POARUM WITH ITS ALTERNATE HOSTS Talib Owaid Al-Khesraji Depaptment of Botany, Univepsity of Sheffield The relationship of the macrocyclic rust fungus PUccinia poarum with its pycnial-aecial host, Tussilago fapfaPa, and its uredial-telial host, Poa ppatensis, has been investigated, using light microscopy, electron microscopy and micro-autoradiography. Aspects of the morp hology and ontogeny of spores and sari, which were previously disputed, have been clarified. Monokaryotic hyphae grow more densely in the intercellular spaces of Tussilago leaves than the dikaryotic intercellular hyphae on Poa. Although ultrastructurally sbnilar, monokaryotic hyphae differ from dikaryotic hyphae in their interaction with host cell walls, often growing embedded in wall material which may project into the host cells. The frequency of penetration of Poa mesophyll cells by haustoria of the dikaryon is greater than that of Tussilago cells by the relatively undifferentiated intracellular hyphae of the monokaryon. Intracellular hyphae differ from haustoria in their irregular growth, septation, lack of a neck-band or markedly constricted neck, the deposition of host wall-like material in the external matrix bounded by the invaginated host plasmalemma and in the association of callose reactions \vith intracellular hyphae and adjacent parts of host walls. -
WRITTEN FINDINGS of the WASHINGTON STATE NOXIOUS WEED CONTROL BOARD 2018 Noxious Weed List Proposal
DRAFT: WRITTEN FINDINGS OF THE WASHINGTON STATE NOXIOUS WEED CONTROL BOARD 2018 Noxious Weed List Proposal Scientific Name: Tussilago farfara L. Synonyms: Cineraria farfara Bernh., Farfara radiata Gilib., Tussilago alpestris Hegetschw., Tussilago umbertina Borbás Common Name: European coltsfoot, coltsfoot, bullsfoot, coughwort, butterbur, horsehoof, foalswort, fieldhove, English tobacco, hallfoot Family: Asteraceae Legal Status: Proposed as a Class B noxious weed for 2018, to be designated for control throughout Washington, except for in Grant, Lincoln, Adams, Benton, and Franklin counties. Images: left, blooming flowerheads of Tussilago farfara, image by Caleb Slemmons, National Ecological Observatory Network, Bugwood.org; center, leaves of T. farfara growing with ferns, grasses and other groundcover species; right, mature seedheads of T. farfara before seeds have been dispersed, center and right images by Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org. Description and Variation: The common name of Tussilago farfara, coltsfoot, refers to the outline of the basal leaf being that of a colt’s footprint. Overall habit: Tussilago farfara is a rhizomatous perennial, growing up to 19.7 inches (50 cm tall), which can form extensive colonies. Plants first send up flowering stems in the spring, each with a single yellow flowerhead. Just before or after flowers have formed seeds, basal leaves on long petioles grow from the rhizomes, with somewhat roundish leaf blades that are more or less white-woolly on the undersides. Roots: Plants have long creeping, white scaly rhizomes (Griffiths 1994, Chen and Nordenstam 2011). Rhizomes are branching and have fibrous roots (Barkley 2006). They are also brittle and can break easily (Pfeiffer et al. -
Restoration of Montane Fen Meadows by Mowing Remains Possible After 4–35 Years of Abandonment
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Bot. Helv. 117 (2007): 1 – 13 0253-1453/07/010001-13 DOI 10.1007/s00035-007-0743-9 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2007 Botanica Helvetica Restoration of montane fen meadows by mowing remains possible after 4–35 years of abandonment Regula Billeter1, 2, Markus Peintinger1 and Matthias Diemer1 1 Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich 2 Present address: Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 18, CH-8092 Zurich; e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript accepted 23 January 2007 Abstract Billeter R., Peintinger M. and Diemer M. 2007. Restoration of montane fen meadows by mowing remains possible after 4–35 years of abandonment. Bot. Helv. 117: 1 – 13. The abandonment of management in Swiss fen meadows has reduced their plant species diversity and the fitness of some typical fen species. We examined whether the resumption of mowing can reverse these effects, and if so, which mechanisms are responsible for community change; we also tested whether restoration success depends on the duration since abandonment. Experimental mowing was applied to 15 montane fen meadows of NE Switzerland that had been abandoned for 4–35 years. After two years of mowing, plant species richness was 11% higher in mown plots (2 m2) than in fallow plots, approaching levels of neighbouring continuously managed fen meadows. In particular, experimental mowing significantly increased the number of fen indicator species (+15%) as well as herbs and woody species (seedlings and saplings), while grass, sedge and rush species richness was not affected. -
Restoration of Montane Fen Meadows by Mowing Remains Possible After 4 - 35 Years of Abandonment
Billeter, R; Peintinger, M; Diemer, M. Restoration of montane fen meadows by mowing remains possible after 4 - 35 years of abandonment. Botanica Helvetica 2007, 117(1):1-13. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.unizh.ch University of Zurich Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. Zurich Open Repository and Archive http://www.zora.unizh.ch Originally published at: Botanica Helvetica 2007, 117(1):1-13 Winterthurerstr. 190 CH-8057 Zurich http://www.zora.unizh.ch Year: 2007 Restoration of montane fen meadows by mowing remains possible after 4 - 35 years of abandonment Billeter, R; Peintinger, M; Diemer, M Billeter, R; Peintinger, M; Diemer, M. Restoration of montane fen meadows by mowing remains possible after 4 - 35 years of abandonment. Botanica Helvetica 2007, 117(1):1-13. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.unizh.ch Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. http://www.zora.unizh.ch Originally published at: Botanica Helvetica 2007, 117(1):1-13 Restoration of montane fen meadows by mowing remains possible after 4 - 35 years of abandonment Abstract The abandonment of management in Swiss fen meadows has reduced their plant species diversity and the fitness of some typical fen species. We examined whether the resumption of mowing can reverse these effects, and if so, which mechanisms are responsible for community change; we also tested whether restoration success depends on the duration since abandonment. Experimental mowing was applied to 15 montane fen meadows of NE Switzerland that had been abandoned for 4-35 years. After two years of mowing, plant species richness was 11% higher in mown plots (2 m2) than in fallow plots, approaching levels of neighbouring continuously managed fen meadows. -
Introduction to Neotropical Entomology and Phytopathology - A
TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT – Vol. VI - Introduction to Neotropical Entomology and Phytopathology - A. Bonet and G. Carrión INTRODUCTION TO NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY AND PHYTOPATHOLOGY A. Bonet Department of Entomology, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Mexico G. Carrión Department of Biodiversity and Systematic, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Mexico Keywords: Biodiversity loss, biological control, evolution, hotspot regions, insect biodiversity, insect pests, multitrophic interactions, parasite-host relationship, pathogens, pollination, rust fungi Contents 1. Introduction 2. History 2.1. Phytopathology 2.1.1. Evolution of the Parasite-Host Relationship 2.1.2. The Evolution of Phytopathogenic Fungi and Their Host Plants 2.1.3. Flor’s Gene-For-Gene Theory 2.1.4. Pathogenetic Mechanisms in Plant Parasitic Fungi and Hyperparasites 2.2. Entomology 2.2.1. Entomology in Asia and the Middle East 2.2.2. Entomology in Ancient Greece and Rome 2.2.3. New World Prehispanic Cultures 3. Insect evolution 4. Biodiversity 4.1. Biodiversity Loss and Insect Conservation 5. Ecosystem services and the use of biodiversity 5.1. Pollination in Tropical Ecosystems 5.2. Biological Control of Fungi and Insects 6. The future of Entomology and phytopathology 7. Entomology and phytopathology section’s content 8. ConclusionUNESCO – EOLSS Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical SketchesSAMPLE CHAPTERS Summary Insects are among the most abundant and diverse organisms in terrestrial ecosystems, making up more than half of the earth’s biodiversity. To date, 1.5 million species of organisms have been recorded, although around 85% of potential species (some 10 million) have not yet been identified. In the case of the Neotropics, although insects are clearly a vital element, there are many families of organisms and regions that are yet to be well researched. -
Review on Infection Biology of Uromyces Species and Other Rust Spores Sharad Shroff, Dewprakash Patel and Jayant Sahu Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005(India)
1837 Sharad Shroff et al./ Elixir Agriculture 30 (2011) 1837-1842 Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Agriculture Elixir Agriculture 30 (2011) 1837-1842 Review on infection biology of uromyces species and other rust spores Sharad Shroff, Dewprakash Patel and Jayant Sahu Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005(India). ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Uromyces fabae (Uromyces viciae-fabae) the pea rust was first reported by D. C. H. Persoon in Received: 8 January 2011; 1801. Later DeBary (1862) changed the genus and renamed it as Uromyces fabae (Pers) Received in revised form: deBary. There after, Kispatic (1949) described f. sp. viciae -fabae by including host vicia fabae. 26 January 2011 The pathogen Uromyces fabae described as autoecious rust with aeciospores, urediospores and Accepted: 29 January 2011 teliospores found on the surface of host plant (Arthur and Cummins, 1962; Gaumann, 1998). Gaumann proposed that the fungus be classified into nine forma speciales each with a host Keywords range limited to two or there species. Later it was observed that the isolates of Uromyces penetration hypha, viciae-fabae share so many hosts in common that it was impossible to classify them into Host surface penetration, forma speciales (Conner and Bernier, 1982). Based on the distinctive shape and dimensions of Aecium cup, substomatal vesicle, Uromyces viciae fabae has been described as a species complex (Emeran Peridium layer. et al., 2005). It revealed that host specialized isolates of Uromyces viciae fabae were morphologically distinct, differing in both spore dimensions and infection structure. © 2011 Elixir All rights reserved. Introduction Variability in the pathogen Uppal (1933) and Prasada and Verma (1948) found that Pathogenic variability has been reported in field collection several species of Vicia, Lathyrus, Pisum , and Lentil are of Uromyces fabae (Singh and Sokhi, 1980; Conner and Bernier, susceptible to Uromyces fabae in India and abroad. -
9B Taxonomy to Genus
Fungus and Lichen Genera in the NEMF Database Taxonomic hierarchy: phyllum > class (-etes) > order (-ales) > family (-ceae) > genus. Total number of genera in the database: 526 Anamorphic fungi (see p. 4), which are disseminated by propagules not formed from cells where meiosis has occurred, are presently not grouped by class, order, etc. Most propagules can be referred to as "conidia," but some are derived from unspecialized vegetative mycelium. A significant number are correlated with fungal states that produce spores derived from cells where meiosis has, or is assumed to have, occurred. These are, where known, members of the ascomycetes or basidiomycetes. However, in many cases, they are still undescribed, unrecognized or poorly known. (Explanation paraphrased from "Dictionary of the Fungi, 9th Edition.") Principal authority for this taxonomy is the Dictionary of the Fungi and its online database, www.indexfungorum.org. For lichens, see Lecanoromycetes on p. 3. Basidiomycota Aegerita Poria Macrolepiota Grandinia Poronidulus Melanophyllum Agaricomycetes Hyphoderma Postia Amanitaceae Cantharellales Meripilaceae Pycnoporellus Amanita Cantharellaceae Abortiporus Skeletocutis Bolbitiaceae Cantharellus Antrodia Trichaptum Agrocybe Craterellus Grifola Tyromyces Bolbitius Clavulinaceae Meripilus Sistotremataceae Conocybe Clavulina Physisporinus Trechispora Hebeloma Hydnaceae Meruliaceae Sparassidaceae Panaeolina Hydnum Climacodon Sparassis Clavariaceae Polyporales Gloeoporus Steccherinaceae Clavaria Albatrellaceae Hyphodermopsis Antrodiella -
Master Thesis
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Uppsala 2011 Taxonomic and phylogenetic study of rust fungi forming aecia on Berberis spp. in Sweden Iuliia Kyiashchenko Master‟ thesis, 30 hec Ecology Master‟s programme SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Iuliia Kyiashchenko Taxonomic and phylogenetic study of rust fungi forming aecia on Berberis spp. in Sweden Uppsala 2011 Supervisors: Prof. Jonathan Yuen, Dept. of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Anna Berlin, Dept. of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Examiner: Anders Dahlberg, Dept. of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Credits: 30 hp Level: E Subject: Biology Course title: Independent project in Biology Course code: EX0565 Online publication: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se Key words: rust fungi, aecia, aeciospores, morphology, barberry, DNA sequence analysis, phylogenetic analysis Front-page picture: Barberry bush infected by Puccinia spp., outside Trosa, Sweden. Photo: Anna Berlin 2 3 Content 1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………. 6 1.1 Life cycle…………………………………………………………………………….. 7 1.2 Hyphae and haustoria………………………………………………………………... 9 1.3 Rust taxonomy……………………………………………………………………….. 10 1.3.1 Formae specialis………………………………………………………………. 10 1.4 Economic importance………………………………………………………………... 10 2 Materials and methods……………………………………………………………... 13 2.1 Rust and barberry -
Biological Flora of the British Isles: Poa Nemoralis
DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13402 BIOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE BRITISH ISLES* No. 292 Biological Flora of the British Isles: Poa nemoralis Jan Plue1 | Sara A. O. Cousins1 | Karen De Pauw2 | Martin Diekmann3 | Jenny Hagenblad4 | Kenny Helsen5 | Martin Hermy6 | Jaan Liira7 | Anna Orczewska8 | Thomas Vanneste2 | Monika Wulf9 | Pieter De Frenne2 1Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; 2Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium; 3Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; 4Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; 5Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; 6Division of Forest, Nature & Landscape Research, University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; 7Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; 8Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland and 9Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany Correspondence Jan Plue Abstract Email: [email protected] 1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Poa nemoralis L. Funding information (Wood Meadow-grass) that are relevant to understanding its ecological charac- Svenska Forskningsrådet FORMAS Future teristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard frame- Research Leaders, Grant/Award Number: 2018-00961; European Research Council, work of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, Grant/Award Number: FORMICA 757833 responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiol- ogy, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation. -
Gljive Iz Reda Pucciniales – Morfologija, Sistematika, Ekologija I Patogenost
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Croatian Digital Thesis Repository SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU PRIRODOSLOVNO – MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET BIOLOŠKI ODSJEK Gljive iz reda Pucciniales – morfologija, sistematika, ekologija i patogenost Fungi from order Pucciniales – morphology, systematics, ecology and pathogenicity SEMINARSKI RAD Jelena Radman Preddiplomski studij biologije Mentor: Prof. dr. sc. Tihomir Miličević SADRŽAJ 1. UVOD............................................................................................................................................... 2 2. SISTEMATIKA ................................................................................................................................... 3 3. MORFOLOGIJA................................................................................................................................. 5 3.1. GRAĐA FRUKTIFIKACIJSKIH TIJELA I SPORE ............................................................................. 5 3.1.1. Spermatogoniji (piknidiji) sa spermacijama (piknidiosporama) ................................... 5 3.1.2. Ecidiosorusi (ecidiji) s ecidiosporama ............................................................................ 6 3.1.3. Uredosorusi (urediji) s uredosporama ........................................................................... 7 3.1.4. Teliosorusi (teliji) s teliosporama................................................................................... 7 3.1.5. Bazidiji i bazidiospore....................................................................................................