Annales Agriculturae Fenniae
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Puccinia</I> Species on <I>Poaceae</I
ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/120.407 Volume 120, pp. 407–413 April–June 2012 New records of Puccinia species on Poaceae from Fairy Meadows, Pakistan N.S. Afshan1*, A.N. Khalid2 & A.R. Niazi2 1*Centre for Undergraduate Studies & 2Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan *Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract — During a survey of rust fungi of Fairy Meadows, Puccinia brachypodii var. major on Poa attenuata and P. substriata var. indica on Pennisetum orientale were reported for the first time. These new rust fungi records bring to 70 the number of Puccinia species reported on Poaceae from Pakistan. Puccinia brachypodii var. poae-nemoralis and P. poarum are also reported for the first time from Fairy Meadows. Key words — Anthoxanthum odoratum, graminicolous rust, Hunza Introduction This paper continues our study of graminicolous rust fungi from Pakistan. Previously, about 100 species of graminicolous rust fungi including 68 taxa of Puccinia have been reported from Pakistan (Afshan et al. 2010, 2011a,b). During a 2007 survey of the rust flora of Fairy Meadows, four members of Poaceae infected with rust fungi were collected. Among these, Puccinia brachypodii var. major on Poa attenuata and P. substriata var. indica on Pennisetum orientale represent new records for Pakistan, while P. brachypodii var. poae-nemoralis on Anthoxanthum odoratum and P. poarum on Poa pratensis are additions to the rust flora of Fairy Meadows. Anthoxanthum odoratum represents a new host for rust fungi from Pakistan. -
By Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF TIIE ASSOCIATION OF PUCCIiVIA POARUM WITH ITS ALTERNATE HOSTS By TALIB aWAID AL-KHESRAJI Department of Botany~ Universiiy of SheffieZd Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy JUNE 1981 Vol 1 IMAGING SERVICES NORTH Boston Spa, Wetherby West Yorkshire, lS23 7BQ www.bl.uk BEST COpy AVAILABLE. VARIABLE PRINT QUALITY TO MY PARENTS i Ca.1PARATIVE ANATCl1Y AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PUCCINIA POARUM WITH ITS ALTERNATE HOSTS Talib Owaid Al-Khesraji Depaptment of Botany, Univepsity of Sheffield The relationship of the macrocyclic rust fungus PUccinia poarum with its pycnial-aecial host, Tussilago fapfaPa, and its uredial-telial host, Poa ppatensis, has been investigated, using light microscopy, electron microscopy and micro-autoradiography. Aspects of the morp hology and ontogeny of spores and sari, which were previously disputed, have been clarified. Monokaryotic hyphae grow more densely in the intercellular spaces of Tussilago leaves than the dikaryotic intercellular hyphae on Poa. Although ultrastructurally sbnilar, monokaryotic hyphae differ from dikaryotic hyphae in their interaction with host cell walls, often growing embedded in wall material which may project into the host cells. The frequency of penetration of Poa mesophyll cells by haustoria of the dikaryon is greater than that of Tussilago cells by the relatively undifferentiated intracellular hyphae of the monokaryon. Intracellular hyphae differ from haustoria in their irregular growth, septation, lack of a neck-band or markedly constricted neck, the deposition of host wall-like material in the external matrix bounded by the invaginated host plasmalemma and in the association of callose reactions \vith intracellular hyphae and adjacent parts of host walls. -
WRITTEN FINDINGS of the WASHINGTON STATE NOXIOUS WEED CONTROL BOARD 2018 Noxious Weed List Proposal
DRAFT: WRITTEN FINDINGS OF THE WASHINGTON STATE NOXIOUS WEED CONTROL BOARD 2018 Noxious Weed List Proposal Scientific Name: Tussilago farfara L. Synonyms: Cineraria farfara Bernh., Farfara radiata Gilib., Tussilago alpestris Hegetschw., Tussilago umbertina Borbás Common Name: European coltsfoot, coltsfoot, bullsfoot, coughwort, butterbur, horsehoof, foalswort, fieldhove, English tobacco, hallfoot Family: Asteraceae Legal Status: Proposed as a Class B noxious weed for 2018, to be designated for control throughout Washington, except for in Grant, Lincoln, Adams, Benton, and Franklin counties. Images: left, blooming flowerheads of Tussilago farfara, image by Caleb Slemmons, National Ecological Observatory Network, Bugwood.org; center, leaves of T. farfara growing with ferns, grasses and other groundcover species; right, mature seedheads of T. farfara before seeds have been dispersed, center and right images by Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org. Description and Variation: The common name of Tussilago farfara, coltsfoot, refers to the outline of the basal leaf being that of a colt’s footprint. Overall habit: Tussilago farfara is a rhizomatous perennial, growing up to 19.7 inches (50 cm tall), which can form extensive colonies. Plants first send up flowering stems in the spring, each with a single yellow flowerhead. Just before or after flowers have formed seeds, basal leaves on long petioles grow from the rhizomes, with somewhat roundish leaf blades that are more or less white-woolly on the undersides. Roots: Plants have long creeping, white scaly rhizomes (Griffiths 1994, Chen and Nordenstam 2011). Rhizomes are branching and have fibrous roots (Barkley 2006). They are also brittle and can break easily (Pfeiffer et al. -
Typhula Blight Paul Koch, UW-Plant Pathology and PJ Liesch, UW Insect Diagnostic Lab
XHT1270 Provided to you by: Typhula Blight Paul Koch, UW-Plant Pathology and PJ Liesch, UW Insect Diagnostic Lab What is Typhula blight? Typhula blight, also known as gray or speckled snow mold, is a fungal disease affecting all cool season turf grasses (e.g., Kentucky bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, tall fescue, fine fescue, perennial ryegrass) grown in areas with prolonged snow cover. These grasses are widely used in residential lawns and golf courses in Wisconsin and elsewhere in the Midwest. What does Typhula blight look like? Typhula blight initially appears as roughly circular patches of bleached or straw-colored turf that can be up to two to three feet in diameter. When the disease is severe, patches can merge to form larger, irregularly-shaped bleached areas. Affected turf is often matted and can have a water-soaked appearance. At the edges of patches, masses of grayish-white fungal threads (called a mycelium) may form. In 1 3 addition, tiny ( /64 to /16 inch diameter) reddish-brown or black fungal survival Typhula blight causes circular patches of structures (called sclerotia) may be bleached turf that often merge to form larger, irregularly-shaped bleached areas. present. Typhula blight looks very similar to Microdochium patch/pink snow mold (see University of Wisconsin Garden Facts XHT1145, Microdochium Patch), but the Microdochium patch fungus does not produce sclerotia. Where does Typhula blight come from? Typhula blight is caused by two closely related fungi Typhula incarnata and Typhula ishikariensis. In general, T. incarnata is more common in the southern half of Wisconsin while T. ishikariensis is more common in the northern half of the state. -
Wheat Diseases Ii
WHEAT DISEASES II 1. Foot rot or eyespot. L, lodging in a field; C, and R, lesions 2. Rhizoctonia bare patch, L; sharp on culms eyespot lesions on clums, R 3. Take-all. L, in the field; C, darkened clum bases; R, white 4. Helminthosporium root and crown (foot) heads rot. L, field; R, decayed crowns 5. Frost injury 6. VVinter injury 7. Fusarium root and 8. Typhula blight or speckled snow mold. crown (foot) rot L, infected plants; R, sclerotia 9. Soil-borne mosaic. L, in a low-lying 10. Barley yellow 11. VVheat streak 12. Herbicide (Trifluralin) field; R, leaf symptoms dwarf mosaic injury UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE PLANT DISEASE NO. 6 COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE and VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE SERVICE URBANA, ILLINOIS WHEAT DISEASES II 1. Foot Rot or Eyespot, also known as strawbreaker, is caused by the F. culmorum . Seedlings may wither and die while older plants mature soil-borne fungus Pseudocercosporella (Cercosporella) herpotrichoides. early producing fewer tillers and white heads with mostly shriveled Maturing plants lean or break over (lodge) in all d irections from a basal seed. Dry, light-brown to reddish-brown lesions develop in invaded stem or foot rot that develops during wet weather in autumn, winter coleoptile, crown (foot) and root tissue. The greatest yield loss occurs and early spring. Lens-shaped, white-to-light tan lesions with dark when infection of the crown or foot reduces the stand in random or brown margins and up to 4 cm long, form vertically on the stems and irregular patches. Surviving diseased plants are brittle, stunted, and a lower leaf sheaths near the soil line. -
Snow Molds of Turfgrasses, RPD No
report on RPD No. 404 PLANT July 1997 DEPARTMENT OF CROP SCIENCES DISEASE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN SNOW MOLDS OF TURFGRASSES Snow molds are cold tolerant fungi that grow at freezing or near freezing temperatures. Snow molds can damage turfgrasses from late fall to spring and at snow melt or during cold, drizzly periods when snow is absent. It causes roots, stems, and leaves to rot when temperatures range from 25° to 60°F (-3° to 15°C). When the grass surface dries out and the weather warms, snow mold fungi cease to attack; however, infection can reappear in the area year after year. Snow molds are favored by excessive early fall applications of fast release nitrogenous fertilizers, Figure 1. Gray snow mold on a home lawn (courtesy R. Alden excessive shade, a thatch greater than 3/4 inch Miller). thick, or mulches of straw, leaves, synthetics, and other moisture-holding debris on the turf. Disease is most serious when air movement and soil drainage are poor and the grass stays wet for long periods, e.g., where snow is deposited in drifts or piles. All turfgrasses grown in the Midwest are sus- ceptible to one or more snow mold fungi. They include Kentucky and annual bluegrasses, fescues, bentgrasses, ryegrasses, bermudagrass, and zoysiagrasses with bentgrasses often more severely damaged than coarser turfgrasses. Figure 2. Pink snow mold or Fusarium patch. patches are 8-12 There are two types of snow mold in the inches across, covered with pink mold as snow melts (courtesy R.W. Smiley). Midwest: gray or speckled snow mold, also known as Typhula blight or snow scald, and pink snow mold or Fusarium patch. -
Activated Resistance of Bentgrass Cultivars to Microdochium Nivale Under Predicted Climate Change Conditions
Activated Resistance of Bentgrass Cultivars to Microdochium nivale under Predicted Climate Change Conditions by Sara Marie Stricker A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Environmental Science Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Sara Marie Stricker, September, 2017 ABSTRACT ACTIVATED RESISTANCE OF BENTGRASS CULTIVARS TO MICRODOCHIUM NIVALE UNDER PREDICTED CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS Sara Marie Stricker Advisor: University of Guelph, 2017 Professor Dr. Tom Hsiang The potential impact of predicted climate change on Microdochium nivale, which causes Microdochium patch on turfgrasses was investigated. Turfgrasses exposed to temperature fluctuations exhibited increased yellowing caused by M. nivale compared to a constant lower temperature incubation. The effect of increased CO2 (from 400 ppm to 800 ppm) on M. nivale hyphal growth, percent yellowing, and biochemical response was assessed for Agrostis spp. and Poa annua cultivars. The efficacy of the resistance activator, Civitas + Harmonizer, was assessed under conditions of increased CO2, two temperatures, and field conditions. Civitas + Harmonizer often decreased disease symptoms, and suppression varied by cultivar and environmental conditions. Elevated CO2 did not affect the growth of M. nivale, although evidence from growth room trials suggests it may decrease Microdochium patch disease severity in the future. However, the interactive effects of temperature, snow cover conditions, and moisture availability in the field under future conditions is unknown. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Tom Hsiang for welcoming me back into his lab and for his guidance, patience, and wry witticisms that kept me going. I am also very grateful for the opportunities I have had to participate in conferences and educational experiences throughout my time as a master’s student. -
Snow Mold on Turfgrass Introduction Winter Diseases of Turfgrasses Are Often Associated with Melting Snow Or Cold, Wet Periods
CORNELL COOPERATIVE EXTENSION OF ONEIDA COUNTY 121 Second Street Oriskany, NY 13424-9799 (315) 736-3394 or (315) 337-2531 FAX: (315) 736-2580 Snow Mold on Turfgrass Introduction Winter diseases of turfgrasses are often associated with melting snow or cold, wet periods. Bluegrasses (Poa sp.), fescues (Festuca sp.), and ryegrasses (Lolium sp.) may be attacked, but bentgrasses (Agrostis sp.) are most sus- ceptible. Two diseases, Gray Snow Mold (Typhula blight) and Pink Snow Mold, are common in New York and may occur singly or side-by-side. Since different fungicides may be used to control each of these diseases, it is necessary to distinguish between them. Symptoms Gray snow mold (Typhula blight) is caused by Typhula incarnata and related species. It is a true snow mold and appears as roughly circular bleached patches up to 60 cm in diameter (Figure 1). Soon after the snow melts, the infected grass may be matted and surrounded by a white to gray halo of fluffy fun- gal growth. Examination of the diseased plants reveals tiny tan or brown pea-like structures (sclerotia) on or imbedded in infected leaves. The severity of the dis- ease will vary. It is particularly severe when turf has been subjected to a pro- longed, deep, compacted snow cover. Although the disease is unsightly, it rarely kills the grass. Figure 1: Infected spots on turf. Disease Cycle The disease cycle for this fungus is nearly opposite that of most others. This fungus produces sclerotia (resting structures) to help it survive the summer months. In late fall when conditions are favorable, these sclerotia may produce mycelium or basidiocarps (Figure 2) that produce spores. -
Biological Flora of the British Isles: Poa Nemoralis
DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13402 BIOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE BRITISH ISLES* No. 292 Biological Flora of the British Isles: Poa nemoralis Jan Plue1 | Sara A. O. Cousins1 | Karen De Pauw2 | Martin Diekmann3 | Jenny Hagenblad4 | Kenny Helsen5 | Martin Hermy6 | Jaan Liira7 | Anna Orczewska8 | Thomas Vanneste2 | Monika Wulf9 | Pieter De Frenne2 1Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; 2Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium; 3Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; 4Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; 5Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; 6Division of Forest, Nature & Landscape Research, University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; 7Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; 8Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland and 9Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany Correspondence Jan Plue Abstract Email: [email protected] 1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Poa nemoralis L. Funding information (Wood Meadow-grass) that are relevant to understanding its ecological charac- Svenska Forskningsrådet FORMAS Future teristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard frame- Research Leaders, Grant/Award Number: 2018-00961; European Research Council, work of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, Grant/Award Number: FORMICA 757833 responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiol- ogy, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation. -
Turfgrass Disease Identification Guide for Golf TABLE of CONTENTS
Turfgrass Disease Identification Guide for Golf TABLE OF CONTENTS TURFGRASS DISEASE IDENTIFICATION Ectotrophic Root Infecting Fungi Necrotic Ring Spot ......................................................... 4 Spring Dead Spot ........................................................... 6 Summer Patch ............................................................... 8 Take-all Patch .............................................................. 10 Fairy Rings Fairy Ring ..................................................................... 12 Superficial Fairy Ring .................................................... 14 Mildew Diseases Yellow Tuft (Downy Mildew) .......................................... 16 Powdery Mildew ........................................................... 18 Pythium Diseases Pythium Blight .............................................................. 20 Pythium Root Rot (Root Dysfunction) ........................... 22 Rhizoctonia Diseases Brown Patch, cool-season turf ..................................... 24 Large Patch, warm-season turf .................................... 26 Rust and Smut Diseases Rusts (Crown, Leaf, Stem, and Stripe) ......................... 28 Stripe Smut .................................................................. 30 Syngenta would like to acknowledge the following individuals for their contribution to the development of this turf guide: Pete Dernoeden, PhD, University of Maryland, and Bruce Clarke, PhD, Rutgers University. 2 Snow Molds Gray Snow Mold............................................................32 -
Tarset and Greystead Biological Records
Tarset and Greystead Biological Records published by the Tarset Archive Group 2015 Foreword Tarset Archive Group is delighted to be able to present this consolidation of biological records held, for easy reference by anyone interested in our part of Northumberland. It is a parallel publication to the Archaeological and Historical Sites Atlas we first published in 2006, and the more recent Gazeteer which both augments the Atlas and catalogues each site in greater detail. Both sets of data are also being mapped onto GIS. We would like to thank everyone who has helped with and supported this project - in particular Neville Geddes, Planning and Environment manager, North England Forestry Commission, for his invaluable advice and generous guidance with the GIS mapping, as well as for giving us information about the archaeological sites in the forested areas for our Atlas revisions; Northumberland National Park and Tarset 2050 CIC for their all-important funding support, and of course Bill Burlton, who after years of sharing his expertise on our wildflower and tree projects and validating our work, agreed to take this commission and pull everything together, obtaining the use of ERIC’s data from which to select the records relevant to Tarset and Greystead. Even as we write we are aware that new records are being collected and sites confirmed, and that it is in the nature of these publications that they are out of date by the time you read them. But there is also value in taking snapshots of what is known at a particular point in time, without which we have no way of measuring change or recognising the hugely rich biodiversity of where we are fortunate enough to live. -
Gray Snow Mold on Turfgrass: Typhula Spp
Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic ol Cornell University Plant Pathology and - • College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Plant‐Microbe Biology Section 334 Plant Science Building Ithaca, NY 14853‐5904 Gray Snow Mold on Turfgrass: Typhula spp. Introduction Symptoms and Signs Winter diseases of turfgrasses are often associated Gray snow mold (Typhula blight) is caused by with melting snow or cold, wet periods. Bluegrasses Typhula incarnata and related species. It is a true (Poa spp.), fescues (Festuca spp.), and ryegrasses snow mold and appears as roughly circular bleached (Lolium spp.) may be attacked, but bentgrasses patches up to 60 cm in diameter (Fig. 1). Soon after (Agrostis spp.) are most susceptible. Two diseases, the snow melts, the infected grass may be matted and Gray Snow Mold (Typhula blight) and Pink Snow surrounded by a white to gray halo of fufy fungal Mold, are common in New York, and may occur growth. Examination of the diseased plants reveals singly or side-by-side. Since diferent fungicides may tiny tan or brown pea-like structures (sclerotia) on, or be used to control each of these diseases, it is imbedded in, infected leaves. Te severity of the necessary to distinguish between them. disease will vary. It may be particularly severe when turf has been subjected to a prolonged, deep, compacted snow cover. Although the disease is unsightly, it rarely kills the grass. Figure 2: Clavula of sporocarps in close-up view of infected turf. Disease Cycle Te disease cycle for this fungus is nearly opposite Figure 1: Infected spots on turf. that of most others.