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Two New Species of Herina (Diptera: Ulidiidae) from the Mediterranean Region, with Key to Species Groups

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Two New Species of Herina (Diptera: Ulidiidae) from the Mediterranean Region, with Key to Species Groups Zootaxa 3686 (4): 461–470 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3686.4.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:08EBEA80-2896-43A6-B0A0-AF7B0AC0153B Two new species of Herina (Diptera: Ulidiidae) from the Mediterranean region, with key to species groups E. MORGULIS1, A. FREIDBERG1 & E. P. KAMENEVA2 1Department of Zoology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of NAS of Ukraine Bogdan Chmielnicki Str. 15, Kyiv 01601 Ukraine. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Herina dimorphica n. sp. (type locality Israel) and H. sicula n. sp. (type locality Sicily, Italy) are described and illustrated, and a new species group (the Herina dimorphica species group) is established for both species. H. dimorphica is charac- terized by a sexually-dimorphic wing pattern and venation. H. sicula is similar albeit not sexually-dimorphic. Almost all known Herina species are assigned to one of nine species groups, which are keyed. Key words: Tephritoidea, Ulidiidae, Herina, species group Introduction With about 700 described species, the Ulidiidae are the third largest family in the Tephritoidea (Kameneva and Korneyev, 2010). The Palearctic ulidiid fauna comprises about 200 species (Soós, 1984; Zaitzev, 1984), with about half of them occurring in the Mediterranean basin. Morgulis (2012) treated 39 species from Israel and considered about one third of them to be undescribed. With over forty described species occurring mainly in the Holarctic Region and on high mountain grasslands of the Oriental Region and Papuan subregion, Herina is among the largest genera of ulidiids, especially in the Palaearctic Region and Europe (Kameneva, 2007). Until recently this genus was not known from Israel. Merz (2002) described H. aartseni from east Mediterranean countries, including Israel. From 1970 on we have been collecting in the northern part of Israel a large number of specimens of another, very different, Herina species with an atypical wing pattern and venation (wing sexually dimorphic) that was obviously undescribed. In 1986, in Sicily, AF collected an additional undescribed species that although not sharing all the wing peculiarities with the Israeli species is obviously closely related to it. Based on this overall similarity, as well as peculiarities of the male terminalia, we consider these two species to be sister species. The two new species are described here, and their possible relationships with other species of Herina are briefly discussed. Most known species of Herina are preliminarily assigned to nine groups, of which two were defined by Merz (2002) and seven are newly defined here, including Herina dimorphica species group which is established here for the two new species. All the species groups and a few ungrouped species are keyed. Material and methods Collecting was carried out using a sweeping net. Specimens were killed using a cyanide killing jar and were pinned or preserved in 70% alcohol. Specimens for the biological observations were placed in glass tubes in the field and then transferred into a plastic cage in the laboratory. The flies were given honey as food and moist cotton-wool as a source of water. Accepted by D. Bickel: 26 Jun. 2013; published: 15 Jul. 2013 461 Plants from the collecting area were also taken for experiments and identification. Measurements are based on six specimens, 3 males and 3 females, whenever available. The descriptive terminology follows McAlpine (1981) and White et al. (1999). Full synonymy is not listed. For additional synonymy data and discussion of the taxonomic position of the genus see Merz (1996, 2002) and Kameneva (2006). The workload and responsibilities were divided more or less equally between the authors. Taxonomy Herina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Herina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 724. Type species: Herina liturata Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, by subsequent designation of Hennig (1939) (syn. of Herina nigrina (Meigen, 1826). Diagnosis. Small to medium-sized otitine flies (wing length 2–5 mm), usually with dark brown, subshining, rarely microtrichose, body; wing with very short or no posteroapical lobe of cell bcu and pattern of 3–4 dark spots or crossbands, rarely almost entirely brown or hyaline. Male terminalia usually without epiphallus (except in H. frondescentiae Linnaeus). Redescription. Head: Frons longer than wide. First flagellomere often pointed apically, usually 1.4–1.5 times as long as wide, rarely (in H. paludum Fallén and H. palustris Meigen) 3–4 times as long as wide. Gena 0.33 times or less as high as eye. Orbit and parafacial silvery-gray to silvery-white microtrichose. Thorax: Chaetotaxy: 0–1 acrostichal, 1–2 dorsocentral setae, posterior dorsocentral seta usually shorter and thinner than anterior dorsocentral seta or lacking, 1–2 supra-alar, 1 postalar, 1 intra-alar, 0–1 postpronotal, 1 proepisternal, 2–4 anepisternal, 2 notopleural and 1 katepisternal setae present. Scutellum with 2 pairs of setae. Wing: Usually spotted, rarely banded, brown or entirely hyaline. Veins R4+5 and M parallel or slightly convergent; cell bcu with at most minute posteroapical lobe (vein Cu2 convex or slightly bent). Abdomen: Tergites entirely subshining or sometimes with gray crossbands, female sternites 4–6 with anteromedial apodemes. Male terminalia: Epiphallus and sensillar fields lateral of basiphallus usually absent; gonites large, symmetric, with 3–5 setulae. Phallus long, in some portions with acanthi (modified microsetae), in others bare; acanthi of various length and shape, often lanceolate, parallelogram or hook-like. Medial and lateral surstyli of various shapes. Simple surstyli—with medial surstylus slightly convex and bearing 2–3 prensisetae and 4–5 setulae, and with lateral surstylus narrow, straight or mesoventrally curved (in H. oscillans (Meigen), H. parva (Loew) and H. pseudoluctuosa Hennig). Highly modified surstyli—with bifurcate or lobate medial surstylus with one of the two prensisetae on mesal surface of lateral sursylus (lugubris group of species) or with multiple (5–8) prensisetae (in H. frondescentiae (Loew) and H. odnosumi Kameneva & Pljushtch). Female terminalia: Oviscape shining; aculeus varies from short and wide to moderately long, 1.8–5.5 times as long as wide, with oval or round cercal unit; 3 round, oval or bacilliform spermathecae present. Systematic relationships. Herina belongs to the tribe Otitini of the subfamily Otitinae (Kameneva & Korneyev 2006). It is apparently a non-monophyletic group (Kameneva, unpublished data). Herina can be defined as an aggregation of smaller, mostly black species with various types of wing pattern, very short-lobate or non- lobate cell bcu, moderately narrow frons, parafacial and gena; male terminalia with 2–8 prensisetae on both of the surstyli combined, usually no epiphallus (present in H. frondescentiae and H. oscillans — Kameneva, unpublished data), and usually lacking sensillar fields on the hypandrium lateral to basiphallus (present in H. oscillans — Kameneva, unpublished data). Species of Ceroxys also have subshining or shining abdomen and pointed 1st flagellomere. They can be distinguished from species of Herina by their larger size (wing length = 5.5–7.5 mm) and slightly convergent veins R4+5 and M. Some smaller black species of Otites (e.g., O. rivularis (Loew)) and Ulidiopsis (U. mirabilis Hennig) differ in having moderately high gena (0.35–0.45 as high as eye), medial surstylus with 7–30 prensisetae, well developed paired epiphallus and presence of the sensillar fields lateral to basiphallus. As a result of this confusion, females sometimes cannot be placed to genus with certainty. 462 · Zootaxa 3686 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press MORGULIS ET AL. Species groups: Along with the lugubris group of species, defined and revised by Merz (2002), several additional groups of species can be recognized as is defined in the following key. However, nine species could not be placed into any of these groups. Key to species groups and unplaced species of Herina 1. Wing pattern dimidiate (with anterior part of wing dark gray to brown and posterior part hyaline or milky-white) or extending over most of wing, not consisting of spots or stripes. Abdomen evenly gray-brown microtrichose (females) or microtrichose with bare, shining spots (males).. dimorphica group Two species, from the Mediterranean Region: H. dimorphica n. sp. , H. sicula n. sp. , both described and keyed below - Wing mostly hyaline, with discrete pattern consisting of spots or stripes. Abdomen variable, from moderately microtrichose to shining, but neither sexually dimorphic, nor microtrichose with shining spots.. 2 2. Subbasal crossband reaching middle of anal lobe or posterior margin of wing. 3 - Subbasal crossband incomplete or lacking, reaching at most vein Cu2. 6 3. Wing pattern consisting of 4 complete crossbands widely fused at anterior and posterior margin forming U- and Π-like pattern. 1st flagellomere apically rounded. Lateral surstylus mesally curved, with 2 groups of prensisetae: three at middle of lateral sur- stylus and two mediobasally.. H. frondescentiae (Linnaeus) Europe. - Subbasal crossband not connected to discal crossband along vein CuA1 or posterior margin. Lateral surstylus not as above. 4 4. Crossveins R-M and DM-Cu strongly approximated, with single crossband from pterostigma extending over both crossveins. Wing pattern consisting of 4 bands connected at anterior margin, including preapical crossband from apex of R2+3 through mid- dle of cell m. .H. monticola (Stackelberg) Middle Asia (Tajikistan). - Crossveins R-M and DM-Cu widely separated, each within separate crossband. Wing pattern without preapical crossband through middle of cell m distal to crossvein DM-Cu. 5 5. Subbasal and discal crossbands complete and separate, reaching posterior margin of wing. H. yunnanica Kameneva China (south). - Subbasal and discal crossbands fused in costal cell and pterostigma, extending posteriorly to middle of anal lobe and cell dm, respectively. H. luzonica Kameneva The Philippines.
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