Mutual Funds As Venture Capitalists? Evidence from Unicorns1
Mutual Funds as Venture Capitalists? Evidence from Unicorns1 Sergey Chernenko Josh Lerner Yao Zeng Purdue University Harvard University University of Washington and NBER December 2018 Abstract Using novel contract-level data, we study open-end mutual funds investing in unicorns—highly valued, privately held start-ups—and their association with corporate governance provisions. Larger funds and those with more stable funding are more likely to invest in unicorns. Both mutual fund participation and the mutual fund share of the financing round are strongly correlated with the round’s contractual provisions. Compared to venture capital groups, mutual funds are underrepresented on boards of directors, suggesting less direct monitoring. However, rounds with mutual fund participation have stronger redemption and IPO-related rights, consistent with mutual funds’ liquidity needs and vulnerability to down-valuation IPOs. 1 We thank Francesca Cornelli, Slava Fos, Jesse Fried, Will Gornall, Jarrad Harford, Michelle Lowry, William Mann, John Morley, Ramana Nanda, Clemens Sialm, Morten Sorensen, Ilya Strebulaev, Xiaoyun Yu, and conference and seminar participants at the 2017 LBS Private Equity Symposium, the 2018 NYU/Penn Conference on Law and Finance, the 2017 Southern California Private Equity Conference, the 2018 Stanford Financing of Innovation Summit, the 2018 UNC Private Capital Spring Research Symposium, and the 2018 Western Finance Association meetings. We thank Michael Ostendorff for access to the certificates of incorporation collected by VCExperts. We are grateful to Jennifer Fan for constantly helping us better interpret and code the certificates of incorporation. We thank Quentin Dupont, Luna Qin, Kathleen Ryan, Michael Sibbett, Bingyu Yan, and Wyatt Zimbelman for excellent research assistance.
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