INFORMATION TEXT SERIES 046
Grades & Standards for Selected Container-grown Landscape Plants
*
Charlie Nagamine Paul Murakami Fred D. Rauch
*
* HITAHR * College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources * * University of Hawai‘i at Manoa *
Fancy Number 1 Number 2 INTRODUCTION
This is an effort to establish a set of grades for container plants in Hawai‘i. The intent is to make this available to the industry to determine if this is practical. If this model, with modification, is acceptable, it can be expanded in the future. These are only guidelines at present, but can be adopted as official grades in the future.
THE AUTHORS
Charles Nagamine is a research associate, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR), University of Hawai‘i at Manoa.
Paul Murakami is a research associate, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR), University of Hawai‘i at Manoa.
Fred D. Rauch is a specialist in Horticulture, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR), University of Hawai‘i at Manoa.
Acknowledgments
This project was established as a priority for the landscape industry by the Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii (LICH), and was made possible by funding from the Governor’s Agricultural Coordinating Committee (GACC). The guidance for this project was provided by the LICH Stan dards Committee chaired by Patrick Oka, Oka Nursery and Landscaping. Mahalo to all the industry members who served on this committee and who provided plant material for the photographs in this publication.
We thank Jan McEwan for her assistance in taking the pictures and processing some of the, film. Also, we would like to recognize George Staples and Clyde Imada, Botany Department of the Bishop Museum for their technical assistance with the plant nomenclature.
PURPOSE OF THIS BOOKLET
This booklet gives standard descriptions ( ‘Standards”) for the sole purpose of grading container-grown plants com monly used for outdoor landscaping. Do not apply these Standards to finished, potted flowering plants (such as poinsettias, chrysanthemums, azaleas), liners, or rental plants. • HOW TO USE THIS BOOKLET
DO NOT use this booklet to grade a plant which does not match the plant names and corresponding pot size listed in the Index o f Plant Names (yellow pages) at the end of this booklet. DO NOT use this booklet to grade plants to be used as potted flowering plants (such as poinsettias), liners, or rental plants.
S T E P 1 Look up the page Look in the Index o f Plant Names (yellow pages) at the end of this booklet. Locate number for the plant’s Specific the plant’s name, container size, and its page number. This will lead you to the Standard. plant’s Specific Standard. Both common names and botanical names arc listed alphabetically. Look up botanical names whenever possible because common names are sometimes unreliable. If the plant and pot size (together) arc not listed, the plant cannot be graded using the Standards in this booklet. Turn to the page number for the plant’s Specific Standard.
S T E P 2 Compare the plant's Look at all the pictures show n and choose the picture which best matches the height and spread to the plant’s height, spread, and foliage density. Do not over-grade. Note the grade for pictures shown in the Specific that picture; this is the tentative grade for that plant. Standard. Choose a tentative Picture GRID SIZE: 2 inches. grade.
S T E P 3 Consult the General Using the General Standard (page 5), judge the plant’s foliage, branching, and Standard (page 5) to adjust root system. If necessary, adjust your tentative grade of the plant. The following your tentative grade of the arc some factors which may cause you to apply a downgrading adjustment: plant and decide on a final 1) Lack of health, vigor, or excessive succulence. grade. 2) Stems, Branches: (a) poorly distributed forming an undesirable plant, (b) weak or poorly formed; (c) show excessive scarring, scars not healing properly, or poor pruning cuts showing excessive protrusion; (d) with severe creasing, cracks, cambium peeling, cavities, holes, or dead wood.
3) Foliage: (a) leaves of improper shape, size, texture and color, (b) excessive chlorosis; (c) excessive pest injury or mechanical injury
4) Root System:(a) not established in container; (b) excessively rootbound; (c) large roots growing out of container; (d) hard-to-control weeds (such as nut grass’) in container. 2
Shrub Classification
Shrub classification is important because it determines a plant’s height-to-spread ratio which will be used to grade the plant.
(A) SEMI-BROAD SPREADING (see table 1 below)
Carissa macrocarpa (C. grandiflora) (Natal Plum) (1-gal.): 8 to 12” high Carissa macrocarpa (C. grandiflora) Tuttlei ’ ( Tuttle’s Dawrf Natal Plum) (1-gal.): 6 to 10” high Juniperus chinensis ‘Pfitzcriana’ (3-gal ): 6 to 10” high Tecoma capensis (Cape Honeysuckle) (1-gal.): 14 to 18” high Ficus microcarpa var. crassifolia (Wax Fig. Taiwan Fig) (1-gal.): 6 to 10” high
(B) SPREADING
Allamanda cathartica (Common Allamanda) (1-gal.): 14 to 18” Bougainvillea ‘Miss M anila’ (1-gal.): 8 to 12” Lanlana camara (Lantana) (1-gal.): 6 to 10” Plumbago auriculata (P. capensisj (Cape Leadwort. Plumbago) (1-gal ): 18-24" Pittosporum tobira (Japanese Tobira) (1-gal): 14 to 20” Pittosporum tobira ‘Wheclerii’ (Wheeler’s Dwarf Pittosporum) (1-gal ): 6 to 10” Scaevola sericea (S. frutescens) (Beach Naupaka) (1-gal ): 10 to 16” Si da fallax (Tlima) (1-gal.): 12 to 18”
(C) GLOBOSE
Acalypha hispida (Chenille Plant) (1-gal ): 14 to 18” Acalypha wilkesiana (Beefsteak Plant; Copperleaf) (1-gal.): 18 to 24” Breynia disticha (B. nivosa) (Snowbush) (1-gal.): 14 to 18” Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Kokutan; Yeddo Hawthorn) (1-gal.): 6 to 10”
(D) UPRIGHT SPREADING
Citrus limon (Lemon) (5-gal ): 36 to 48” Codiaeum variegatum ‘Gold Dust’ (Gold Dust Croton) (1-gal.): 12 to 16” Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Chinese Hibiscus) (1-gal ): 18 to 24” Ixora coccinea (Common Ixora) (1-gal.): 12 to 18” Ixora macrothyrsa ‘King’ (King Ixora) (1-gal ): 14 to 20” Ixora sp. (Thailand Dwarf Ixora) (1-gal.): 6 to 10” Juniperus chinensis Pfitzeriana’ (Pfitzer Jumper) (1-gal ): 6 to 12” Juniperus chinensis ‘Torulosa’ (Hollywood Juniper) (1-gal.): 18 to 24” Ligustrum japonicum (Japanese Privet) (1-gal ): 18 to 24” Nandina domestica ‘Nana’ (Dwarf Nandina) (3-gal ): 6 to 10” Shrub Classification (continued)
(E) UPRIGHT
Leea guineensis (L. coccinea) (Leea; West Indian Holly) (3-gal.): 24 to 36” M urraya paniculata (M. exotica) (Mockorange) (1-gal ): 12 to 16” Nandina domestica (Nandina; Heavenly Bamboo) (3-gal ): 18 to 24” Nandina domestica ‘Nana’ (Dwarf Nandina; Heavenly Bamboo) (3-gal.): 18 to 24” Nerium oleander (Common Oleander) (1-gal.): 18 to 24” Pseuderanthemum carruthersii ‘Atropurpureum’ (Purple False Eranthemum) (1-gal): 12 to 24” Pseuderanthemum reticulatum (False Eranthemum) (1-gal): 12-24”
(F) COLUMNAR
Podocarpus macrophyllus 'Maki' (Buddhist Pine) (1-gal ): 18 to 24” Polyscias Scutellaria ‘Pcnnockii’ (Balfour Aralia) (1-gal ): 18 to 24” Polyscias fruticosa ‘Elegans’ (Parsley Panax) (3-gal.): 18 to 24” Polysciasguilfoylei (Lace Aralia) (1-gal ): 12 to 18”
Table 1. The relationship of plant height to spread for various shmb types.
Shrub Type Fancy grade Number 1 grade Number 2 grade (1, 3 or 5-gallon size plants) SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD
A Broad Spreading 3 times height 23/a times height 2 V2 times height
A Semi-broad Spreading 2Vr times height 2 times height P /4 times height
B Spreading IV 2 times height EQUAL to height 2/ i of height
C Globose EQUAL to height V3 of height V2 of height
D Upright Spreading V4 of height V2 of height V3 of height E Upright V2 of height V3 of height V 4 of height
F Columnar V3 of height V 4 of height Vs of height Container Classification
In this booklet, container sizes are given in '‘gallons ’. This chart shows how the ‘gallon” sizes match the container classes set by the American Association of Nurserymen (AAN) (see the bottom table. Nursery Plant Container or Pot Sizes).
Container Size Container Class [or Volume1 ] (AAN recommendations)
1 -gallon #1 2-gallon #2 3-gallon #3 5-gallon #5 7-gallon #7 15-gallon #15
1 The “gallon” size is about equal to the volume of fill material if the container has the maximum dimensions shown in the AAN’s chart below and is filled to a level 0.5” from the topFor example, a 1-gallon container, 7" tall, with a 7 5" inside top diameter, and a 6" inside bottom diameter filled to a level 0.5” from the top will contain about 232 cubic inches o f fill material (1 U.S. gallon = 231 cubic inches)
Nursery Plant Container or Pot Sizes*
The following plant container maximum and minimum dimensions are the limits recommended for plant containers classed as #1, #2, #3, #5, #7, and #15. The three dimensions are height, inside top diameter, and inside bottom diameter. Inside Inside Vertical Top Bottom Container Height Diameter Diameter [class] (Max.-Min.) (Max.-Min.) (Max.-Min.) #1 7.00" - 6.00" 7.50" - 6.00" 6.00" - 5.00" #2 8.75" - 7.50" 8.75" - 7.50" 7.75" - 6.50" #3 10.00"-8.50" 10.00"-9.50" 9.50" - 8.50" #5 12.50" - 11.00" 12.00" - 9.75" 10.25" -8.75" #7 12.50" - 11.00" 14.00" - 12.25" 12.25" - 11.00' #15 18.00"- 15.00" 17.25" - 15.00" 14.50" - 13.50'
* This chart is from a publication, American Standard for Nursery Stock, American Association of Nurserymen, Inc., 1986. General Standard
Fancy grade Number 1 grade Number 2 grade An exceptionally healthy and A healthy, vigorous plant which is A healthy, vigorous plant which is vigorous plant which is very well well-shaped, well-branched, and fairly well-shaped, with fair branch shaped, heavily branched, and well-foliated (subject to natural ing and fair foliage (subject to densely foliated (subject to natural growth o f the variety'). This is the mfoaalgrowth of the variety'). growth o f the variety'). standard landscape grade.
1 STEMS and BRANCHES 1 STEMS and BRANCHES 1 STEMS and BRANCHES a. Very' well-formed and sturdy. a. Well-formed and sturdy. a. Fairly well-formed and sturdy.
b. Branching plentiful and b. Good branching, uniformly b. —NO COMMENT— uniformly distributed to form a well- distributed to form a well-balanced balanced plant. plant. c. Scars shall be free of rot and not C. Scars shall be free of rot and not c. Scars shall be free of rot and not exceed twice the diameter of the exceed 1/4 the diameter of the wood exceed 1/4 the diameter of the w ood wood beneath in greatest dimension beneath in greatest dimension unless beneath in greatest dimension unless unless clean and healed 75 percent or completely healed (except pruning clean and healed 75 percent or better better (except pruning scars). scars). (except pruning scars).
d. No mechanical or pest damage. d. —NO COMMENT— d. —NO COMMENT—
e. No extreme succulence2. e. No extreme succulence2. e. —NO COMMENT—
2. FOLIAGE 2. FOLIAGE 2 FOLIAGE a. Densely supplied with healthy, a. Well supplied with leaves of a. Fairly well supplied with leaves vigorous leaves of normal size, shape, normal size, shape, color, and of good size, shape, color, and color, and texture. texture. texture.
b. No holes, cavities, or depressed b. No holes, cavities, or depressed b. — NO COMMENT— areas caused by broken or dead areas caused by broken or dead branches or insufficient foliage. branches
c. No chlorosis. c. Maximum chlorosis very slight c. Maximum chlorosis 25 and not more than 10 percent of total percent of total foliage. foliage.
d. Pest or mechanical damage d. Pest damage confined to not d. Pest or mechanical injury shall barely perceptible with no more than more than a few individual leaves. not exceed approximately 25 percent 5% of total foliage affected. of individual leaves nor affect more than 50 percent of total foliage.
Number 3 grade: A plant not meeting the Fancy, Number 1 or Number 2 standard.
1 “Subject to natural growth of the variety”: Plants differ in the number of breaks or leads that sprout after pruning. Some varieties within a species (or some species within a genus) grow more densely and compactly than others.
For example, dwarf (Thailand) Ixoras have closely spaced branches densely covered with leaves while other Ixoras have a more open arrangement o f foliage. 2 “Extreme succulence”: Any plant whose growth is soft or tender and has been excessively pushed by extreme amounts of water and fertilizer to the extent that it wilt wilt and suffer severe shock when transplanted. 6 GENERAL STANDARDS Continued: 3. ROOT SYSTEM 3. ROOT SYSTEM 3 ROOT SYSTEM a. Sturdily established in a. Sturdily established in a. Sturdily established in container5. container5. container3. b. Shall not be excessively b. Shall not be excessively b. Shall not be excessively rootbound'. rootbound. roothound' . c. No large roots growing out of c. No large roots growing out of c. No large roots growing out of container. container. container.
COMMENT— d. — NO d. — NO COMMENT— d. -NO COMMENT—
3 “Well established in container”: When the main trunk or stem has developed sufficient roots to extensively penetrate the potting soil and become incorporated into it. 4 “Excessively rootbound”: When the volume of roots has replaced most of the soil, and when the mass has grown to the extent that large roots break out of the container or the plant stops growing. Acalypha hispida (Chenille Plant) Family: Euphorbiaceac Shrub classification: Globose (C)
______For a plant: to be a:______SPREAD must be:
14 to 18 inches HIGHin Fancy g rad e,...... at least EQUAL to height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, ... at least 2h x height, Number 2 grade, . . . at least lh x height. (J3R ID SIZE: 2 in c h e s )
Fancy Number 1 Number 2
Acalypha wilkesiana (Beefsteak Plant; Copperleaf) Family: Euphorbiaceac Shrub classification: Globose (C)
For a plant: to be a: SPREAD must be:
18 to 24 inches HIGHin Fancy grade, . . . at least EQUAL to height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, at least 2A x height Number 2 grade, at least V2 x height. GRID SIZE: 2 inches0
Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Allamanda cathartica (Common Allamanda) Family: Apocynaceae Shrub classification: Spreading (B)
______For a plant: to be a:______SPREAD must be:
14 to 18 inches HIGHin Fancy grade, . . . . at least IV 2 x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . at least EQUAL to height, Number 2 grade, . at least 2h x height. (" g r id SIZE: 2 inches'^)
Fancy Number 1 Number 2
Bougainvillea ‘Miss Manila’ Family: Nyctaginaceae Shrub classification: Spreading (B)
For a plant: to be a: SPREAD must be:
8 to 12 inches HIGHin Fancy grade, . . at least IV 2 x height, a 1-gallon container, Number I grade, at least EQUAL to height, Number 2 grade, at least 2h x height. GRID SIZE: 2 inches
Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Breynia disticha (Snowbush) Family: Euphorbiaceac Shrub classification: Globose (C)
______For a plant: to be a:______SPREAD must be:
14 to 18 inchesHIGH in Fancy g rad e,...... at least EQUAL to height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . . . . at least 2 Is x height, Number 2 grade, . . . . at least V2 x height. (J3R ID SIZE: 2 inchesJ
Fancy Number 1 Number 2
Carissa macrocarpa (Natal Plum) Family: Apocynaccac Shrub classification: Semi-Broad Spreading (A)
For a plant: to be a: SPREAD must be:
8 to 12 inchesHIGH in Fancy grade, . . . at least 274 x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, at least 2 x height, Number 2 grade, at least P /4 x height. GRID SIZE: 2 inches0
Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Carissa grantliffora ‘Tuttlei’ (Natal Plum; Tuttle’s Dwarf) Family: Apocynaceae Shrub classification: Semi-Broad Spreading (A)
______For a plant: to be a:______SPREAD must be:
6 to 10 inches HIGH in Fancy grade, . . . . at least 274x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . at least 2 x height, Number 2 grade, . (J3R ID SIZE: 2 inches^) at least 13/4X height.
Fancy Number 1 Number 2
Citrus limon (Lemon) Family: Rutaceae Shrub classification: Upright Spreading (D)
For a plant:______to be a: SPREAD must be:
36 to 48 inches HIGHin Fancy grade, at least 3A x height.
a 5-gallon container, Number 1 grade, .... at least V2 x height ------Number 2 grade, .... at least 73 x height. 7 GRID SIZE: 2 inches7 )
Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Codiaeum variegatum ‘Gold Dust’ (Gold Dust Croton) Family: Euphorbiaceac Shrub classification: Upright Spreading (D)
______For a plant: to be a:______SPREAD must be:
12 to 16 inches HIGH in Fancy g ra d e ,...... at least 3U x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . at least V2 x height, Number 2 grade, . . . . at least V3 x height. (J3R ID SIZE: 2 inches^)
Fancy Number 1 Number 2
Ficus microcarpa var. crassifolia (Wax Fig, Taiwan Fig) Family: Moraceae Shrub classification: Semi-Broad Spreading (A)
______For a plant: to be a:______SPREAD must be:
6 to 10 inches HIGH in Fancy grade, . . . . at least 2V4X height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . at least 2 x height, Number 2 grade, . at least l 3/4 x height. (^GRID SIZE: 2 inches^)
Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Chinese Red Hibiscus) Family: Malvaceae Shrub classification: Upright Spreading (D)
For a plant: to be a: SPREAD must be:
18 to 24 inchesHIGH in Fancy g ra d e ,...... at least 3A x height. a 1-gallon container, Number I grade, . . . at least V2 x height. Number 2 grade, . . . at least V3 x height. GRID SIZE: 2 inches
Fancy Number 1 Number 2
Ixora coccinea (Common Txora) Family: Rubiaceae Shrub classification: Upright Spreading (D)
For a plant: to be a: SPREAD must be:
12 to 18 inchesHIGH in Fancy grade, . . . at least 3A x height, a 1-gaIIon container, Number 1 grade, at least V2 x height, Number 2 grade, at least V3 x height. GRID SIZE: 2 inches a
Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Ixora macrothyrsa ‘King’ (King Ixora) Family: Rubiaceae Shrub classification: Upright Spreading (D)
For a plant: to be a:______SPREAD must be:
14 to 20 inches HIGH in Fancy g ra d e ,...... at least 3A x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . . at least V2 x height, Number 2 grade, . . . . at least V3 x height. (^GRID SIZE: 2 inches^)
Fancy Number 1 Number 2
Ixora spp. (Thailand Dwarf Ixora) Family: Rubiaceae Shrub classification: Upright Spreading (D)
For a plant:______to be a: SPREAD must be:
6 to 10 inches HIGH in Fancy grade, at least 3A x height.
a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, .... at least V2 x height. ------Number 2 grade, .... at least V3 x height. E g RID SIZE: 2 inchesJ)
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Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Juniperus chinensis ‘Pfitzeriana’ (Pfitzer’s Juniper) Family: Cuprcssaceae Shrub classification: Upright Spreading (D)
______For a plant: to be a:______SPREAD must be:
6 to 12 inches HIGH in Fancy grade, . . . . at least 3A» x height, a 1-gallon container, Number I grade, . at least lh x height, Number 2 grade, at least V3 x height. (J3R ID SIZE: 2 inches^)
Fancy Number 1 Number 2
Juniperus chinensis ‘Torulosa’ (Hollywood Juniper) Family: Cupressaceae Shrub classification: Upright Spreading (D)
For a plant: to be a: SPREAD must be:
18 to 24 inches HIGHin Fancy g ra d e ,...... at least 3/4 x height. a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . . . at least V2 x height. Number 2 grade, . . . at least V3 x height. GRID SIZE: 2 inches 0
Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Lantana camara (Lantana) Family: Verbenaceac Shrub classification: Spreading (B)
For a plant: to be a: SPREAD must be:
6 to 10 inches HIGH in Fancy grade, .... at least IV 2 x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, at least EQUAL to height, Number 2 grade, at least 2 Is x height. GRID SIZE: 2 inches Q •)
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Number 1 Number 2
Leea guineensis (Leea; West Indian Holly) Family: Leeaceae Shrub classification: Upright (E)
For a plant: to be a: SPREAD must be:
14 to 18 inches HIGHin Fancy grade, . . . at least V2 x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, at least V3 x height, Number 2 grade, at least x height. GRID SIZE: 2 inches C: D
Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Ligustrumjaponicum (Japanese Privet) Family: Oleaccae Shrub classification: Upright Spreading (D)
For a plant: to be a: SPREAD must be:
18 to 24 inchesHIGH in Fancy g ra d e ,...... at least 3A x height. a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . . at least V2 x height Number 2 grade, at least V3 x height. GRID SIZE: 2 inches
Murraya paniculata (Mockorange) Family: Rutaccae Shrub classification: Upright (E)
For a plant: to be a: SPREAD must be:
12 to 16 inchesHIGH in Fancy g ra d e ,...... at least V2 x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . . . at least V3 x height, Number 2 grade, . . at least XU X height. GRID SIZE: 2 inches0
Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Nandina domestica (Nandina; Heavenly Bamboo) Family: Bcrbcndaceac Shrub classification: Upright (E)
For a plant:______to be a: SPREAD must be:
18 to 24 inches HIGHin Fancy 8rade> at least V2 x height. a 3-gallon container, Number 1 grade, at least V3 x height. ------Number 2 grade, .... at least V4 x height. (G R ID SIZE: 2 inches')
Fancy Number 1 Number 2
Nandina domestica ‘Nana’ (Dwarf Nandina) Family: Berberidaceae Shrub classification: Upright (E)
For a plant: to be a: SPREAD must be:
10 to 24 inches HIGH in Fancy grade, .... at least V2 x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, at least V3 x height Number 2 grade, . at least XU x height. GRID SIZE: 2 inchesD
Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Nerium oleander (Common Oleander) Family: Apocynaceac Shrub classification: Upright (E)
______For a plant: to be a:______SPREAD must be:
18 to 24 inches HIGH in Fancy g rad e,...... at least V2 x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . . . . at least '/3 height, Number 2 grade, . . . . at least V4 x height. (" g r id SIZE: 2 inches")
Fancy Number 1 Number 2
Pittosporum tobira (Japanese Pittosporum) Family: Pittosporaceae Shrub classification: Spreading (B)
For a plant: to be a: SPREAD must be:
14 to 24 inches HIGH in Fancy g ra d e ,...... at least IV 2 x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . . . . at least EQUAL to height, Number 2 grade, . . . . at least 2h x height. (jG R ID SIZE: 2 inches^)
Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Pittosporum tobira ‘Wheeleri’ (Wheeler’s Dwarf Pittosporum) Family: Pittosporaceae Shrub classification: Spreading (B)
For a plant: to be a: SPREAD must be:
6 to 10 inches HIGH in Fancy g ra d e ,...... at least 1V2 x height. a 1-gallon container, Number I grade, . . . at least EQUAL to height, Number 2 grade, . . at least 2/}X height. GRID SIZE: 2 inches 0
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Fancy Number 1 Number 2
Plumbago auriculata (Plumbago; Cape Leadwort) Family: Plumbaginaceae Shrub classification: Spreading (B)
For a plant. to be a: SPREAD must be:
18 to 24 inches HIGHin Fancy grade, . . . at least 1V2 x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, at leas EQUAL to height, Number 2 grade, at least 1!i x height. GRID SIZE: 2 inches 0 0
Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Podocarpus macrophyllus ‘Maki’ (Maki Podocarpus; Buddhist Pine) Family: Podocarpaceae Shrub classification: Columnar (F) to be a: ______For a plant: SPREAD must be:
Fancy grad e, ...... at least Va x height, 14 to20 inches HIGH in Number 1 grade, . . at least XU x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 2 grade, . . at least Vs x height. (jS R ID SIZE: 2 inches")
Fancy Number 1 Number 2
Polyscias scutellaria ‘Pennockii’ (Balfour Aralia) Family: Araliaceae Shrub classification: Columnar (F)
For a plant: to be a: SPREAD must be:
18 to 24 inches HIGH in Fancy g ra d e ,...... at least V3 x height. a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . . . at least XU x height. Number 2 grade, . . . at least Vs x height. GRID SIZE: 2 inches
Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Polyscias fruticosa ‘Elegans’ (Parsley Panax) Family: Araliaceae Shrub classification: Columnar (F)
______For a plant: to be a:______SPREAD must be:
14 to 18 inches HIGHin Fancy grad e, ...... at least V 3 x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . . . . at least XU x height, Number 2 grade, . . . . at least Vs x height. (J3R ID SIZE: 2 inches')
Number 1 Number 2Fancy
Polyscias guilfoylei (Lace Aralia) Family: Araliaceae Shrub classificiation: Columnar (F)
For a plant: to be a: SPREAD must be:
12 to 18 inches HIGHin Fancy grad e, ...... at least V 3 x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . . . at least XU x height, Number 2 grade, . . . at least Vs x height. (fGRID SIZE: 2 inches
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1 * Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Pseuderanthemum carruthersii ‘Atropurpureum’ (Purple False Eranthemum) Family: Acanthaceae Shrub classification: Upright (F)
For a plant:______to be a:______SPREAD must be:
12 to 24 inchesHIGH in Fancy g rad e,...... at least V2 x height. a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, .... at least Vs x height. , x Number 2 grade, .... at least lU x height. ( GRID SIZE: 2 inches )
Fancy Number 1 Number 2
Pseuderanthemum reticulatum (False Eranthemum) Family: Acanthaceae Shrub classification: Upright (E)
For a plant: to be a: SPREAD must be:
12 to 24 inches HIGHin Fancy g ra d e ,...... at least V2 x height. a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . . . at least V3 x height. s' Number 2 grade, . . . at least XU x height. (GRID SIZE: 2 inches; )
Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Yeddo Hawthorn; Kokutan) Family: Rosaceac Shrub classification: Globose (C)
For a plant:______to be a:______SPREAD must be:
6 to 10 inches HIGH in Fancy grade, at least EQUAL to height. a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, at least 2/a x height. ^Number 2 grade, .... at least V2 x height. ( GRID SIZE: 2 inches )
Fancy Number 1 Number 2
Scaevola sericea (Beach Naupaka) Family: Goodeniaceae Shrub classification: Spreading (B)
For a plant:______to be a:______SPREAD must be:
10 to 16 inches HIGH in Fancy grade, at least IV2 x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . . . . at least EQUAL to height. ------x Number 2 grade, .... at least 2/a x height. ( GRID SIZE: 2 inches )
Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Sida fallax (‘Ilima) Family: Malvaceae Shrub classification: Spreading (B)
______For a plant: to be a:______SPREAD must be: ___
12 to 18 inches HIGH in Fancy g ra d e ,...... at least IV 2 x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . . . . at least EQUAL to height Number 2 grade, . . at least 2h x height. (^GRID SIZE: 2 inches^) 1 ^ 9Jfct..L. LPWn —1mm
Fancy Number 1 Number 2
Tecoma capensis (Cape Honeysuckle) Family: Bignoniacae Shrub classification: Semi-Broad Spreading (A
For a plant: to be a: SPREAD must be:
14 to 18 inches HIGH in Fancy g ra d e ,...... at least 274 x height, a 1-gallon container, Number 1 grade, . . . at least 2 x height Number 2 grade, . . . at least l 3Ax height. GRID SIZE: 2 inches
Fancy Number 1 Number 2 Index of Plant Names
If your plant and the matching container size is not listed in this index, it cannot be graded using the standards in this booklet. Both common and botanical names are listed alphabetically. Look up botanical names whenever possible because common names may be unreliable.
EXAMPLE of plant name listed in this Index.
Parsley Panax (Polyscias fruticosa ‘Elegans’ ), p. 21
Pages Acalypha hispida 2 ,7 Acalypha wilkesiana 2 ,7 Allamanda cathartica 2,8 Balfour Aralia 3, 20 Beach Naupaka 2, 23 Beefsteak Plant 2 ,7 Bougainvillea ‘Miss Manila’ 2,8 Breynia disticha 2 ,9 Breynia nervosa 2 Buddhist Pine 3, 20 Cape Honeysuckle 2, 24 Cape Leadwort 2, 19 Carissa grandiflora 2 Carissa macrocarpa 2 ,9 Carissa macrocarpa ‘Tuttlei’ 2, 10 Chenille Plant 2 ,7 Chinese Hibiscus 2, 12 Citrus lemon 2, 10 Codiaeum variegatum ‘Gold Dust’ 2, 11 Common Allamanda 2,8 Common Ixora 2, 12 Common Oleander 3, 18 Copperleaf 2 ,7 26 Index of Plant Names [continued]
Pages Dwarf Nandina 2, 3, 17 False Eranthemum 3, 22 Ficus microcarpa var. crassifolia 2, 11 Gold Dust Croton 2, 11 Heavenly Bamboo 3, 17 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 2, 12 Hollywood Juniper 2, 14 ‘llima 2, 24 Ixora coccinea 2, 12 Ixora macrothyrsa ‘King’ 2, 13 Ixora sp. 2, 13 Japanese Pittosporum 2, 18 Japanese Privet 2, 16 Juniperus chinensis ‘Pfitzeriana’ 2, 14 Juniperus chinensis ‘Torulosa’ 2, 14 King Ixora 2, 13 Kokutan 2, 23 Lace Aralia 3, 21 Lantana camara 2, 15 Leea coccinea 3 Leea guineensis 3, 15 Lemon 2, 10 Ligustrum japonicum 2, 16 Mockorange 3, 16 Murraya exotica 3 Murraya paniculata 3, 16 Nandina domestica 3, 17 Nandina domestica ‘Nana’ 2, 3, 17 Natal Plum 2, 9 Nerium oleander 3, 18 Parsley Panax 3, 21 Pfitzer Juniper 2, 14 Pittosporum tobira 2, 18 Pittosporum tobira ‘ Wheeled ’ 2, 19 Plumbago auriculata 2, 19 Plumbago capensis 2 Podocarpus macrophyllus ‘Maki’ 3, 20 Polyscias scutellaria ‘Pennockii’ 3, 20 Polysciasfruticosa ‘Elegans’ 3, 21 Polyscias guilfoylei 3, 21 Pseuderanthemum carruthersii ‘Atropurpureum’ 3, 22 Pseuderanthemum reticulatum 3, 22 Purple False Eranthemum 3, 22 Rhaphiolepis umbellata 2, 23 Scaevola frutescens 2 Index of Plant Names jcontinuedj Pages Scaevola sericea 2, 23 Sida fa!lax 2, 24 Snowbush 2,9 Taiwan Fig 2, 11 Tecoma capensis 2, 24 Thailand Dwarf Ixora 2, 13 Tuttle’s Dwarf Natal Plum 2, 10 Wax Fig 2, 11 West Indian Holly 2, 15 Wheeler’s Dwarf Pittosporum 2, 19 Yeddo Hawthorn 2, 23
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The Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service provides equal opportunities in its programs and employment. Hawai'i residents may order single copies of this publication free of charge from county offices. Out-of-State inquiries or bulk orders, should be sent to the Agricultural Publications Distribution Office, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Manoa. 2500 Dole Street, Krauss A-19, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822. Price per copy to bulk users, $1.65 plus postage. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Noel P. Kefford, Director and Dean, Cooperative Extension Service, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822. An Equal Opportunity Employer/Affirmative Action Institution providing programs and services to the citizens of Hawai'i without regard to race, sex, age, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, disability, mari tal status, arrest and court record, sexual orientation, or veteran status. INFORMATION TEXT SERIES 046 -06/94(2M)