DOCSLIB.ORG

Final Copy 2019 11 28 Kook

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Final Copy 2019 11 28 Kook This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Kook, Kyunghee Title: North Korean Escapees’ Unthinkable Journeys and the Conceptual Binaries of Migration Policy General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. North Korean Escapees' Unthinkable Journeys and the Conceptual Binaries of Migration Policy Kyunghee Kook School of Sociology, Politics and International Studies UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL A dissertation submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the requirements for award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Law. December 2019 Word count: 79,414 ABSTRACT There is a lack of empirical interview data on escapees from North Korea and the aim of this thesis is to address this omission. At a theoretical level, this thesis is concerned with North Korean escapees' cross-border mobility to South Korea through a third country. It explores how North Koreans' migration, often popularly described as the `Underground Railroad', is undertaken through smuggling networks, documenting both the process of smuggling and the structure of its networks. Although academic research and human rights agencies' re- ports have contributed to providing an overview of the plight of North Korean escapees, there has been very little empirical research on the actual migration experience of North Koreans. By conducting empirical research on the processes by which North Koreans move, and their lived experience throughout the migration process, my research addresses a gap in the academic research and literature on North Korean escapees. Empirical data on how and why North Koreans move across borders not only adds to the existing literature on North Koreans, but also draws attention to conceptual and theoretical weaknesses in dominant un- derstandings of the line between `forced' and `voluntary' migration. Focusing on the actors involved in the brokerage and smuggling networks that facilitate North Koreans' movement, this thesis highlights the complexities of `smuggling' and shows how the category is far more complex than commonly assumed in either migration studies or popular discourse on the `Underground Railroad'. Particular attention is paid to the broad and divergent range of interests and motivations of different actors who facilitate the cross border movement of North Koreans. In doing so, the thesis shows that the categories ‘trafficking', `smuggling', `asylum-seeking' and `migration' do not describe neatly bounded and fundamentally distinct types of movement. It critically questions the way in which the boundaries between human trafficking and smuggling, and between forced and voluntary migration are conceptualized in migration policy, much of academic literature on migration, and in international human rights law. AUTHOR'S DECLARATION I declare that the work in this dissertation was carried out in accordance with the require- ments of the University's Regulations and Code of Practice for Research Degree Programmes and that it has not been submitted for any other academic award. Except where indicated by specific reference in the text, the work is the candidate's own work. Work done in collab- oration with, or with the assistance of, others, is indicated as such. Any views expressed in the dissertation are those of the author. SIGNED: ............................................................. DATE:.......................... DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my parents, Jung-whan Kook and Jung-Sook Lee who have made countless sacrifices in their own lives to that I could chase after my dreams. I am humbled by their grace, love, dedication and extraordinary courage. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My greatest debt goes to my supervisors, Julia O'Connell Davidson and Katharine Charsley, who provided me with a great deal of intellectual and emotional support that I could have ever imagined throughout my PhD course. They trusted and encouraged me every step of the way and also believed me to find my own way in the process of writing and fieldwork. Words cannot express my gratitude for their continuous support and help. I would like to thank all my research participants who shared their suffering, emotions, thoughts and lived experiences with me. This study would not have been possible without their participation. I would also to express my appreciation to my friends, Min-hee who, who was always there in the difficult moment. I would like to thank my family who have deep sacrifices for me to be here today. They were constantly present in every step of my endeavour. I would also like to thank new members of my family who gave me support and joy. In memory of Miru who had to leave for an `eternal picnic', she always gave me unconditional love and endless support. Giba has supported me and nourished my soul along the way. He trusted me even when I doubted myself and inspired me to keep writing my thesis. This thesis would have been possible without all his supports and help. Lastly and most importantly, special thanks go to my parents for their sacrifice, endless love, dedication, courage, and support. When I suffered from a lack of self-confidence, they encouraged me to find my passions. I owe my parents everything and for that reason I dedicate this thesis to them. CONTENTS 1. North Korean Escapees: Introduction ::::::::::::::::::::::::: 11 1.1 Introduction . 11 1.2 Research trajectory . 14 1.3 Research purpose and research question . 16 1.4 Structure of the thesis . 17 2. North Korean Escapees: Background, History and Terminology :::::::::: 19 2.1 Historical and Geopolitical Context . 19 2.2 Literature Review . 24 2.3 Terminology and Classifications of North Koreans in South Korea . 28 2.4 A discussion of `refugee' and `economic migrant' binary . 32 2.5 Conceptualising NKE's movement - the limits of international frameworks . 35 3. Research Design and Methods ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 37 3.1 Research design . 37 3.2 The interviewees . 38 3.3 The interviews . 42 3.4 Additional forms of data collection . 45 3.5 Data analysis . 49 3.6 Ethics . 51 3.6.1 Risks of harming North Korean escapees . 51 3.6.2 Risk of retraumatizing victims of torture . 55 3.6.3 Duty to bear witness . 55 4. Suffering, Terror, Mobility ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 59 4.1 Introduction . 59 4.2 Suffering from hunger . 61 4.3 Suffering and torture in North Korean concentration camps . 67 Contents 7 4.3.1 Experiences of those held in the Bowibu (State Security Department of North Korea) either following repatriatriation or arrest for other crimes 71 4.3.2 Interrogation and torture . 76 4.3.3 Die or Bad: Experiences on camps . 84 4.3.4 Inhumane confinement condition and labour training camps and re- education Camps . 86 4.3.5 Forced labour as a punishment . 86 4.3.6 Hunger: malnutrition to death . 88 4.3.7 Somewhere between death and live: living corpses . 90 4.3.8 Torture, sexual violence, and punishment . 92 4.3.9 Trial by the people, public execution . 94 4.3.10 Social `stigma' . 98 4.3.11 Re-escape: in order to betray the regime and not to be caught . 99 4.4 Conclusion . 100 5. Irregular border crossing to China: trafficking or smuggling? :::::::::::: 104 5.1 Introduction . 104 5.2 Feminization of North Korean migration . 110 5.3 Marriage Brokerages and Migration Industry in Asia . 112 5.4 North Korean Women's migration process and route through seon: Neither trafficked nor smuggled . 115 5.4.1 Crossing the border . 117 5.4.2 On the move in China with brokers . 120 5.4.3 Seon: brokers or traffickers? . 124 5.4.4 Staying in marriage brokers' houses and waiting to be sold . 131 5.5 Conclusion . 133 6. Wives or Slaves? North Korean Wives in China ::::::::::::::::::: 136 6.1 Introduction . 136 6.2 Legal status of North Korean wives in China . 137 6.3 Forced or voluntary marriage: a question of consent? . 138 6.4 Slaves? Abuse and violence in marriage . 141 6.5 Slave or non-slave . 145 6.6 Conclusion . 152 Contents 8 7. Workers or Slaves? NKEs Working in China and Russia ::::::::::::::: 154 7.1 Introduction . 154 7.2 Slaves or migrant workers in Russia? . 155 7.3 Slaves or irregular migrant workers in China? . 160 7.3.1 Criminals and irregular workers in the shadows . 161 7.3.2 Bad but better than in North Korea . 166 7.4 Conclusion . 168 8. Boundary Troubles ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 172 8.1 Introduction . 172 8.2 Neither forced/trafficked nor voluntary/smuggled . 173 8.3 Citizen and non-Citizen or failed citizen . 180 8.4 Slavery/freedom binary - Neither free nor unfree . 187 8.5 Conclusion . 190 9. Conclusion :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 192 LIST OF TABLES 3.1 Profiles of North Korean female escapees .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • People for Profit: North Korean Forced Labour on a Global Scale Edited by Remco E
    PEOPLE FOR PROFIT People for Profit North Korean Forced Labour on a Global Scale Edited by Remco E. Breuker & Imke B.L.H. van Gardingen Contributors Jan Blinka Britt C.H. Blom Marte C.H. Boonen Klara Boonstra Rosa Brandse Remco E. Breuker Imke B.L.H. van Gardingen Larissa van den Herik Tycho A. van der Hoog Marieke P. Meurs Cedric Ryngaert Shannon R. Stewart Anoma P. van der Veere This is an open source publication by LeidenAsiaCentre. Copyright © 2018 (authors). People for Profit: North Korean Forced Labour on a Global Scale Edited by Remco E. Breuker and Imke B.L.H. van Gardingen ISBN 978-90-826167-1-2 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-826167-3-6 (e-book) LeidenAsiaCentre is an independent research centre affiliated with Leiden University and made possible by a grant from the Vaes Elias Fund. The centre focuses on academic research with direct application to society. All research projects are conducted in close cooperation with a wide variety of partners from Dutch society. More information can be found on our website: www.leidenasiacentre.nl For contact or orders: [email protected] M. de Vrieshof 3, 2311 BZ Leiden, The Netherlands Book design: A.P. van der Veere Contents Contributors IX Acknowledgements XII Introduction Remco E. Breuker and Imke B.L.H. van Gardingen 1 Chapter I Setting the Background: Labour Conditions in the DPRK Remco E. Breuker 6 Chapter II Accountability for DPRK Workers in the Value Chain: The Case of Partner Shipyard, a Polish Shipbuilder and its Dutch Partners Imke B.L.H.
    [Show full text]
  • The Korean Internet Freak Community and Its Cultural Politics, 2002–2011
    The Korean Internet Freak Community and Its Cultural Politics, 2002–2011 by Sunyoung Yang A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Anthropology University of Toronto © Copyright by Sunyoung Yang Year of 2015 The Korean Internet Freak Community and Its Cultural Politics, 2002–2011 Sunyoung Yang Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology University of Toronto 2015 Abstract In this dissertation I will shed light on the interwoven process between Internet development and neoliberalization in South Korea, and I will also examine the formation of new subjectivities of Internet users who are also becoming neoliberal subjects. In particular, I examine the culture of the South Korean Internet freak community of DCinside.com and the phenomenon I have dubbed “loser aesthetics.” Throughout the dissertation, I elaborate on the meaning-making process of self-reflexive mockery including the labels “Internet freak” and “surplus (human)” and gender politics based on sexuality focusing on gender ambiguous characters, called Nunhwa, as a means of collective identity-making, and I explore the exploitation of unpaid immaterial labor through a collective project making a review book of a TV drama Painter of the Wind. The youth of South Korea emerge as the backbone of these creative endeavors as they try to find their place in a precarious labor market that has changed so rapidly since the 1990s that only the very best succeed, leaving a large group of disenfranchised and disillusioned youth. I go on to explore the impact of late industrialization and the Asian financial crisis, and the nationalistic desire not be left behind in the age of informatization, but to be ahead of the curve.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Review of "Nothing to Envy," by Barbara Demick, and "The Cleanest Race," by B.R
    Book review of "Nothing to Envy," by Barbara Demick, and "The Cleanest Race," by B.R. Myers By Stephen Kotkin Sunday, February 28, 2010 NOTHING TO ENVY Ordinary Lives in North Korea By Barbara Demick Spiegel & Grau. 314 pp. $26 THE CLEANEST RACE How North Koreans See Themselves -- and Why It Matters By B.R. Myers Melville House. 200 pp. $24.95 "If you look at satellite photographs of the Far East by night, you'll see a large splotch curiously lacking in light," writes Barbara Demick on the first page of "Nothing to Envy." "This area of darkness is the Democratic People's Republic of Korea." As a correspondent for the Los Angeles Times, Demick discovered that the country isn't illuminated any further by traveling there. So she decided to penetrate North Korea's closed society by interviewing the people who had gotten out, the defectors, with splendid results. Of the hundred North Koreans Demick says she interviewed in South Korea, we meet six: a young kindergarten teacher whose aspirations were blocked by her father's prewar origins in the South ("tainted blood"); a boy of impeccable background who made the leap to university in Pyongyang and whose impossible romance with the kindergarten teacher forms the book's heart; a middle-age factory worker who is a model communist, a mother of four and the book's soul; her daughter; an orphaned young man; and an idealistic female hospital doctor, who looked on helplessly as the young charges in her care died of hunger during the 1996-99 famine.
    [Show full text]
  • Jeju Island Rambling: Self-Exile in Peace Corps, 1973-1974
    Jeju Island Rambling: Self-exile in Peace Corps, 1973-1974 David J. Nemeth ©2014 ~ 2 ~ To Hae Sook and Bobby ~ 3 ~ Table of Contents Chapter 1 Flying to Jeju in 1973 JWW Vol. 1, No. 1 (January 1, 2013) ~17~ Chapter 2 Hwasun memories (Part 1) JWW Vol. 1, No. 2 (January 8, 2013) ~21~ Chapter 3 Hwasun memories (Part 2) JWW Vol. 1, No. 3 (January 15, 2013) ~25~ Chapter 4 Hwasun memories (Part 3) JWW Vol. 1, No. 4 (January 22, 2013) ~27~ Chapter 5 The ‘Resting Cow’ unveiled (Udo Island Part 1) JWW Vol. 1, No. 5 (January 29, 2013) ~29~ Chapter 6 Close encounters of the haenyeo kind (Udo Island Part 2) JWW Vol. 1, No. 6 (February 5, 2013) ~32~ Chapter 7 Mr. Bu’s Jeju Island dojang (Part 1) JWW Vol. 1, No. 7 (February 12, 2013) ~36~ Chapter 8 Mr. Bu’s dojang (Part 2) JWW Vol. 1, No. 8 (February 19, 2013) ~38~ Chapter 9 Mr. Bu’s dojang (Part 3) JWW Vol. 1, No. 9 (February 26, 2013) ~42~ Chapter 10 Mr. Bu’s dojang (Part 4) JWW Vol. 1, No. 10 (March 5, 2013) ~44~ Chapter 11 Unexpected encounters with snakes, spiders and 10,000 crickets (Part 1) JWW Vol. 1, No. 11 (March 12, 2013) ~46~ Chapter 12 Unexpected encounters with snakes, spiders and 10,000 crickets (Part 2) JWW Vol. 1, No. 12 (March 19, 2013) ~50~ Chapter 13 Unexpected encounters with snakes, spiders and 10,000 crickets (Part 3) JWW Vol. 1, No. 13 (March 26, 2013) ~55~ Chapter 14 Unexpected encounters with snakes, spiders and 10,000 crickets (Part 4) JWW Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • First Chapter
    CHINA’S NORTH KOREAN DEFECTOR POLICY AND NORTHEAST ASIAN POLITICS: A NEOREALIST PERSPECTIVE By Yichun Xie Submitted to Central European University Department of International Relations and European Studies In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art CEU eTD Collection Supervisor: Professor Matteo Fumagalli Budapest, Hungary 2008 Word Count: 14907 Abstract The sudden collapse of the Soviet Union has had a significant impact on North Korea. Its economic system, which used to depend heavily on its “big brother”, has crumbled. As a result, an estimated of 10,000 to 300,000 (according to different resources) North Korean defectors flee their country across the borders to China mostly because of economic hardship. The Chinese authority’s hard-line policy imposed on North Korean defectors on the one hand causes humanitarian crisis, and on the other hand, has great impact on the stability and unification of the Korean Peninsula. Why does China adopt such a hard-line policy vis-à-vis the North Korean defectors in addition to its underperforming human rights record? What is the rationale behind this policy? Will there be a policy change and proper solution to the problem so that to maintain the stability in the Korean Peninsula? In this paper, I will apply the neorealist framework to answer the questions. Why China adopt the policy is related to its self-perception of national security, its interest in maintaining the stability of the Korean Peninsula and the balance of power considerations against the US-Japan coalition. CEU eTD Collection Acknowledgement I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Matteo Fumagalli for continuous support during the thesis research and writing.
    [Show full text]
  • Fråga-Svar Sydkorea. Situationen För Nordkoreaner
    2015-07-09 Fråga-svar Sydkorea. Situationen för nordkoreaner Fråga . Hur ser situationen ut för nordkoreaner i Sydkorea vad gäller diskriminering och möjligheter att leva och försörja sig? . Finns det någon information om nordkoreansk spionverksamhet i Sydkorea? . Hur ser man på och behandlar gatubarn i Sydkorea? Svar Nedan följer en sammanställning av information kring situationen för nordkoreaner i Sydkorea. Sammanställningen gör inte anspråk på att vara uttömmande. Refererade dokument bör alltid läsas i sitt sammanhang. Situationen för nordkoreaner i Sydkorea Ett flertal källor har rapporterat kring nordkoreaners situation i Sydkorea vad gäller diskriminering, försörjningsmöjligheter etc: US Department of State (2015): Access to Basic Services: The government continued its longstanding policy of accepting refugees or defectors from North Korea, who by law are entitled to South Korean citizenship. The government resettled approximately 730 such persons during the first half of the year, raising the total to slightly more than 26,800 since the end of the Korean War. Cultural and social differences posed adjustment difficulties, and many refugees from North Korea alleged societal discrimination. In a 2014 survey of 200 North Korean defectors, many complained prejudice and discrimination against North Koreans could make them feel like second-class citizens. The government provided adjustment assistance services to recently settled defectors, including rental aid, exemption from education fees for middle- and high-school students, medical assistance, business loans, and employment assistance. The government also operated Hana Centers, or Centers to Adjust to Regions, which educated refugees about adapting to specific Sida 1 av 10 geographic areas, provided counseling services, and aided social adjustment.
    [Show full text]
  • Criminology on Crimes Against Humanity: a North Korean Case Study Megan Alyssa Novak University of South Carolina - Columbia
    University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Theses and Dissertations 2015 Criminology on Crimes Against Humanity: A North Korean Case Study Megan Alyssa Novak University of South Carolina - Columbia Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd Part of the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Novak, M. A.(2015). Criminology on Crimes Against Humanity: A North Korean Case Study. (Master's thesis). Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/3162 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CRIMINOLOGY ON CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY: A NORTH KOREAN CASE STUDY by Megan Alyssa Novak Bachelor of Arts University of South Carolina, 2010 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts in Criminology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina 2015 Accepted by: Eric L. Sevigny, Director of Thesis Tia Stevens Andersen, Reader Lacy Ford, Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies © Copyright by Megan Alyssa Novak, 2015 All Rights Reserved. ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my son, Liam, who has taught me that the future of this world is worth fighting for. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Professor Eric L. Sevigny for his continuous support of my research—for his patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. As an undergraduate, his love of teaching initially inspired me to continue my education and pursue my Master’s degree.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Goods Produced by Child Labor Or Forced Labor a Download Ilab’S Sweat & Toil and Comply Chain Apps Today!
    2018 LIST OF GOODS PRODUCED BY CHILD LABOR OR FORCED LABOR A DOWNLOAD ILAB’S SWEAT & TOIL AND COMPLY CHAIN APPS TODAY! Browse goods Check produced with countries' child labor or efforts to forced labor eliminate child labor Sweat & Toil See what governments 1,000+ pages can do to end of research in child labor the palm of Review laws and ratifications your hand! Find child labor data Explore the key Discover elements best practice of social guidance compliance systems Comply Chain 8 8 steps to reduce 7 3 4 child labor and 6 forced labor in 5 Learn from Assess risks global supply innovative and impacts company in supply chains chains. examples ¡Ahora disponible en español! Maintenant disponible en français! B BUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL LABOR AFFAIRS How to Access Our Reports We’ve got you covered! Access our reports in the way that works best for you. ON YOUR COMPUTER All three of the USDOL flagship reports on international child labor and forced labor are available on the USDOL website in HTML and PDF formats, at www.dol.gov/endchildlabor. These reports include the Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor, as required by the Trade and Development Act of 2000; the List of Products Produced by Forced or Indentured Child Labor, as required by Executive Order 13126; and the List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor, as required by the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005. On our website, you can navigate to individual country pages, where you can find information on the prevalence and sectoral distribution of the worst forms of child labor in the country, specific goods produced by child labor or forced labor in the country, the legal framework on child labor, enforcement of laws related to child labor, coordination of government efforts on child labor, government policies related to child labor, social programs to address child labor, and specific suggestions for government action to address the issue.
    [Show full text]
  • North Korea-Japan Relations in the Post-Cold War Era
    North Korea-Japan Relations in the Post-Cold War Era Titus North Introduction In the spring of 1992 I published an Article in the South Korean government-backed journal Korea and World Affairs on the succession problem in North Korea in which I detailed misrule of the North Korean government and the harsh and oppressed conditions under which the citizens of that country live. Then a decade later on a live radio debate on Radio Nippon I was accused of being a "North Korean agent" by the Japanese parliamentarian Hirasawa Katsuei for having called for Japan to open direct, high-level negotiations with Pyongyang aimed at settling their outstanding differences and establishing diplomatic relations. One might wonder what had snapped in order to transform me from a South Korean flunky to a North Korean agent, but my reading of the situation has not changed at all. What has happened it that the international environment and the attitude of the United States have changed dramatically. The demilitarized zone on the Korean peninsula was one of the front lines during the Cold War, and any transgression across it by either side was liable to set off World War III, thus there was no military solution for Korea, only a possible military nightmare. When the Cold War ended and the Soviet Union broke up, North Korea lost a vital source of cheap energy and raw materials, putting its economy into a tailspin. Meanwhile, Kim Il-sung, the only leader the republic had ever known, was aging and obviously on his way out, leaving behind his untested son.
    [Show full text]
  • Leadership Training for North Korean Defectors
    From One “Great Leader” to Many Leaders Who Are Truly Great: Leadership Training for North Korean Defectors Hyun Sook Foley Regent University This article explores Ju-che, the official ideology of North Korea, as an intentional inhibitor of leadership development among North Korean citizens. Ju-che is best understood as a religion idolizing Kim Il-Sung and Kim Jong-Il, who are identified as the “mind” of North Korea, with citizens serving as the body and as “human bombs” sworn to protect the Kims. The Confucian concept of “hyo,” or filial piety, is reconceived to apply no longer to biological parents but only to the Kims as the progenitors of a new and eternal revolutionary family—one where civic adolescence and obedience are extolled and independent choice is vilified. A growing number of defectors to South Korea form a leadership laboratory for studying how North Koreans can be equipped to grow to their full potential as leaders. Attempts to swap the Ju-che ideology for a different leadership theory will be insufficient, since Ju-che is a comprehensive worldview. Though unemployment is high and professional employment is low among defectors, training programs like Seoul USA’s Underground University suggest that a comprehensive strategy of teaching leadership from within the Ju-che framework rather than discarding or ignoring it may prove most effective in promoting leadership growth among North Koreans. orth Korea constitutes a fascinating study for leadership theory in that its Ju-che ideological system institutionalizes the recognition
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Korean Books for Young Readers
    2020 Korean Books for Young Readers Korean Board on Books for Young People (IBBY Korea) About Contents KBBY and this Catalog KBBY(Korean Board on Books for Young People) was founded in 1995 7 Korean Nominees for the Hans Christian Andersen Awards 4 as the Korea national section of the International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY). Korean Nominations for the IBBY Honour List 2020 12 To fulfill IBBY’s mission, KBBY works as a network of professionals from both home and abroad, collecting and sharing information on Korean Nominations for BIB 2019 14 children’s and juvenile literature. KBBY also works in close partnership with the other national sections of IBBY to contribute to promoting Korean Nominations for Silent Books 2019 22 cross-cultural exchange in children’s literature. Recent Picture Books Recommended by KBBY Since 2017 25 KBBY organizes international book exhibitions in collaboration with library networks, in efforts to share with the Korean audience the in- formation on global books generated through the awards and activ- Recent Chapter Books and Novels Recommended by KBBY Since 2017 37 ities of IBBY. Moreover, KBBY is committed to providing information on outstanding Korean children’s and juvenile literature with readers Recent Non-fiction Recommended by KBBY Since 2017 50 across the world. This catalog presents the Korean nominees of the Hans Christian An- dersen Awards, who have made a lasting impact on children’s litera- ture not only at home but also to the world at large. Also included is a collection of the Korean children’s books recommended by the book selection committee of KBBY: Korean nominations for the IBBY Honour List, BIB, Silent Books; recent picutre books, chapter books & novels, and non-finction books.
    [Show full text]
  • Scenarios for a Transition to a Prosperous Market Economy in North Korea
    Scenarios for a transition to a prosperous market economy in North Korea. Byung-Yeon Kim* and Gerard Roland** ABSTRACT: We examine in detail two possible scenarios for a transition to the market economy in North Korea. In a first scenario, we explore a path of transition of North Korea to the market economy following a regime collapse. In a second scenario, we explore a path of transition that would be chosen by the North Korean leaders, following the experience of China and Vietnam. While these scenarios have common features, they also involve important differences. Keywords: North Korea, South Korea, transition, reforms, unification, integration. JEL classification codes: P3, P31, P36, P37. * Professor of Economics at Seoul National University ** Professor of Economics and Political Science, University of California Berkeley and CEPR. 1 1. Introduction The North Korean economy has been in disastrous shape for many years causing starvation and extreme poverty. The North Korean leaders are unable to feed their people and have been shamelessly using the threat of nuclear weapons to ransom the outside world to extract food imports to keep their despotic regime alive. The death of Kim Jong-Il and accession of inexperienced son Kim Jong-Un to power raises new possibilities of big changes in North Korea. Given the inexperience of the new leader, a collapse scenario becomes more likely. Fights within the leadership might lead to chaos and a power vacuum. This is a dangerous scenario but one that is needed to be prepared for. International cooperation will be required to organize emergency aid (food, medicine, basic order) fast and efficiently and avoid mass migration.
    [Show full text]