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A New Hadrosauroid Dinosaur from the Early Late Cretaceous of Shanxi Province, China

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A New Hadrosauroid Dinosaur from the Early Late Cretaceous of Shanxi Province, China A New Hadrosauroid Dinosaur from the Early Late Cretaceous of Shanxi Province, China Run-Fu Wang1, Hai-Lu You2*, Shi-Chao Xu1, Suo-Zhu Wang1,JianYi1, Li-Juan Xie1, Lei Jia1, Ya-Xian Li1 1 Shanxi Museum of Geological and Mineral Science and Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China, 2 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Abstract Background: The origin of hadrosaurid dinosaurs is far from clear, mainly due to the paucity of their early Late Cretaceous close relatives. Compared to numerous Early Cretaceous basal hadrosauroids, which are mainly from Eastern Asia, only six early Late Cretaceous (pre-Campanian) basal hadrosauroids have been found: three from Asia and three from North America. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we describe a new hadrosauroid dinosaur, Yunganglong datongensis gen. et sp. nov., from the early Late Cretaceous Zhumapu Formation of Shanxi Province in northern China. The new taxon is represented by an associated but disarticulated partial adult skeleton including the caudodorsal part of the skull. Cladistic analysis and comparative studies show that Yunganglong represents one of the most basal Late Cretaceous hadrosauroids and is diagnosed by a unique combination of features in its skull and femur. Conclusions/Significance: The discovery of Yunganglong adds another record of basal Hadrosauroidea in the early Late Cretaceous, and helps to elucidate the origin and evolution of Hadrosauridae. Citation: Wang R-F, You H-L, Xu S-C, Wang S-Z, Yi J, et al. (2013) A New Hadrosauroid Dinosaur from the Early Late Cretaceous of Shanxi Province, China. PLoS ONE 8(10): e77058. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077058 Editor: David C. Evans, Royal Ontario Museum, Canada Received January 14, 2013; Accepted August 25, 2013; Published October 18, 2013 Copyright: ß 2013 Wang et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: Funding was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Hundred Talents Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Department of Land and Resources of Shanxi Province. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: [email protected] Introduction in Beneden 1881, and Hadrosauridae is the least inclusive taxon containing Saurolophus osborni Brown 1912 and Parasaurolophus Hadrosauroids were facultative bipedal dinosaurs that domi- walkeri Parks 1922 and including Hadrosaurus foulkii Leidy 1858. nated Cretaceous Laurasian megaherbivorous niches [1,2]. The term ‘‘basal hadrosauroids’’ here refers to all members of non- During the Late Cretaceous, they gave rise to hadrosaurid Hadrosauridae Hadrosauroidea. dinosaurs, which are characterized by duck-like bills and complex In 1958, C. C. Young (Z.-J. Yang) [12] reported the first grinding dentitions that rival those of horses and bovids [3]. dinosaur record in Shanxi Province of northern China. These However, the origin of hadrosaurids is far from clear, mainly due remains were recovered from two localities in Zuoyun County of to the paucity of early Late Cretaceous close relatives. Basal northern Shanxi (Fig. 1). The material is fragmentary, and Young hadrosauroids are mainly known from the Early Cretaceous of did not name any new dinosaur species; rather, he assigned some Eastern Asia, and especially northern China [4]. Until now, only of them to existing taxa [12]. The first locality (Xinyaogou) yielded six pre-Campanian Late Cretaceous basal hadrosauroids have theropod (cf. Velociraptor mongoliensis, represented by a single tooth), been reported: three from Asia (Shuangmiaosaurus gilmorei, Levnesovia ceratopsian (cf. Microceratops gobiensis, represented by two partial transoxiana, and Nanyangosaurus zhugeii, see discussion section below mandibles, three isolated teeth, several vertebrae, one humerus, on its age) and three from North America (Eolambia caroljonesa, one femur, and other fragmentary specimens), and hadrosauroid Protohadros byrdi, and Jeyawati rugoculus) [5–10]. Therefore, the (Bactrosaurus johnsoni, represented by two isolated teeth, some discovery of new early Late Cretaceous basal hadrosauroids has vertebrae including a series of 25 caudals, one rib, one right important phylogenetic and paleobiogeographical significance and humerus, and several manual and pedal bones). The second can help elucidate the evolution of hadrosauroids, especially the locality (Zhanmagou) yielded Sauropoda indet. (represented by origin of hadrosaurids. one partial dorsal and one fragmentary caudal vertebrae) and Definitions of relevant taxa follow Sereno [11]: Hadrosaur- Allosauridae indet. (represented by one caudal, one partial right iformes is the least inclusive clade containing Iguanodon bernissartensis scapula, two distal ends of ischia, one proximal end of right tibia, Boulenger in Beneden 1881 and Parasaurolophus walkeri Parks 1922, one partial right fibula, one left metatarsal, and one pedal Hadrosauroidea is the most inclusive taxon containing Parasaur- phalanx). Based on the different dinosaur components, Young olophus walkeri Parks 1922 but not Iguanodon bernissartensis Boulenger considered the Xinyaogou dinosaur assemblage to be Late PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 1 October 2013 | Volume 8 | Issue 10 | e77058 New Hadrosauroid Dinosaur from China Figure 1. Locality of Yunganglong datongensis (SXMG V 00001). (A)-Shanxi Province in China. (B)-Zuoyun County in Shanxi Province. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077058.g001 Cretaceous in age and the Zhanmagou dinosaur assemblage to be in a journal with an ISSN, and has been archived and is available Early Cretaceous or earlier in age. from the following digital repositories: PubMed Central, More than half a century later, the Department of Land and LOCKSS. Resources of Shanxi Province initiated a project to find dinosaurs for the Shanxi Museum of Geology (SXMG) now being Phylogenetic Analysis constructed. In 2011 and 2012, a number of dinosaur localities Numerous cladistic analyses have been conducted in order to were discovered and excavated in Zuoyun County. Preliminary elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among hadrosauroids in observations indicate the existence of hadrosauroid, ankylosaur, recent years; for example, at least four papers were published in and ceratopsian remains from the early Late Cretaceous Zhumapu 2012 [4,13–15]. However, many of these focused on the Formation, and stegosaur and sauropod remains from the late phylogeny of Hadrosauridae or its subclades; for example, Early Cretaceous Zuoyun Formation. In this paper, a partial lambeosaurine was the subject of [13], while saurolophine was associated hadrosauroid skeleton from 2011 Locality 7 (SXMG V the subject of [14]. Although McDonald [4] and McDonald et al. 00001, field number ZY007) is described and diagnosed as a new [15] included most of the basal hadrosauroids, the results were genus and species. poorly resolved and most taxa were clustered in a polytomy in the strict consensus tree. Thus, the phylogeny presented in [4] is based Methods on a maximum agreement subtree that entailed the deletion of 30 operational taxonomic unites, while that of [15] is based on Adams No permits were required for this study, which complied with all consensus tree. relevant regulations. We obtained permission from the Shanxi In order to assess the phylogenetic position of the new taxon, we Museum of Geological and Mineral Science and Technology to performed a cladistic analysis based on Sues and Averianov [6]. access the collections. The specimens were discovered and This data matrix has been used by one of the authors (YHL) on the excavated by the crew (including co-authors of this study) of the study of Jintasaurus [16]. In the current analysis Nanyangosaurus, Shanxi Museum of Geological and Mineral Science and Tech- Shuangmiaosaurus, and Yunganglong were added to the matrix, to nology. increase its taxonomic representation. This new data matrix was compiled in Mesquite 2.72 [17], and consists of 138 characters and Nomenclatural Acts 38 ornithopod taxa (Supporting Information S1). Two character The electronic edition of this article conforms to the require- codings were modified: character 37 (Postorbital, length of ments of the amended International Code of Zoological Nomen- squamosal process; 0: short, postorbital-squamosal joint reaches clature, and hence the new names contained herein are available point at mid-length of supratemporal fenestra; 1: long, postorbital- under that Code from the electronic edition of this article. This squamosal joint near level of posterior border of supratemporal published work and the nomenclatural acts it contains have been fenestra) is changed from ‘0’ to ‘?’ for Protohadros because the registered in ZooBank, the online registration system for the character state is not clear based on the original descriptive paper ICZN. The ZooBank LSIDs (Life Science Identifiers) can be (i. e., the squamosal process of the postorbital is partially present) resolved and the associated information viewed through any [9] and a new character
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