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Echinodermata) Das Regiões Sudeste E Sul Do Brasil

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Taxonomia, distribuição e biologia reprodutiva de Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) das Regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil Michela Borges Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Campus de Rio Claro,para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas (Área de Concentração:Zoologia) Rio Claro Estado de São Paulo – Brasil Janeiro de 2006 Taxonomia, distribuição e biologia reprodutiva de Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) das Regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil Michela Borges Orientador: Profa. Dra Antonia Cecilia Zacagnini Amaral Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Campus de Rio Claro,para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas (Área de Concentração:Zoologia) Rio Claro Estado de São Paulo – Brasil Janeiro de 2006 574.92 Borges, Michela B732t Taxonomia, distribuição e biologia reprodutiva de Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) das Regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil / Michela Borges. – Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2006 143 f. : il., figs., gráfs., tabs., fots., mapas Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Institu- to de Biociências de Rio Claro Orientador: Antonia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral 1. Biologia marinha. 2. Descrições. 3. Batimetria. 4. Re- produção. I. Título. Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela STATI – Biblioteca da UNESP Campus de Rio Claro/SP Ao Ricardo, pelo Amor, Paciência e Parceria. i AGRADECIMENTOS À minha orientadora Cecília Amaral, por todos seus ensinamentos, paciência e dedicação; À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), pela concessão da bolsa de doutorado durante o decorrer desta pesquisa e pelo auxílio financeiro no âmbito do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP – O Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade (www.biotasp.org.br); Ao Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA), Secretaria da Comissão Interministerial para os Recursos do Mar (SECIRM), Petrobrás e Ministério de Minas e Energia pelo auxílio financeiro ao Programa REVIZEE; À Comissão Interministerial para os Recursos do Mar (CIRM) e ao Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo pelo auxílio financeiro e logístico ao Programa INTEGRADO; À Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, pela alta qualidade no ensino; À Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, pela concessão de espaço e equipamentos necessários à pesquisa; À coordenação dos programas BIOTA/FAPESP-Bentos Marinho e REVIZEE/Score Sul, Profa. Dra. A. Cecilia Z. Amaral, e INTEGRADO-Subprojeto Bentos, Profa. Dra. Ana Maria Setúbal Pires Vanin, pela concessão dos ofiuróides coletados; A todos que trabalharam nas coletas e triagem do material dos programas BIOTA/FAPESP-Bentos Marinho, REVIZEE/Score Sul e INTEGRADO-Subprojeto Bentos; Ao Prof. Dr. Paulo Pinto Joazeiro e ao Departamento de Histologia da Unicamp pela utilização da infraestrutura para o processamento dos cortes histológicos; À Silvana pela paciência e disposição em ajudar com os problemas de computador; Aos meus companheiros de laboratório: Érica, “Periquito”, Léo, Alexandra, Drica, Tatiana, Mônica, Jolnnye e Lili, pela amizade, sugestões, companhia e conversas (no café e no Gerson); Em especial ao “Piricas”, pelo auxílio no inglês e ao Léo pelos ensinamentos e valiosa ajuda no estudo da biologia reprodutiva dos ofiuróides; Às minhas amigas Taty e Fá, pelo apoio, companheirismo e amizade; Às minhas irmãs, que apesar da distância, estão sempre presentes; Aos meus pais, Carlos e Maria José, pelo amor e confiança; Ao meu esposo Ricardo, pela paciência, incentivo e otimismo, sempre; A todos que de alguma forma colaboraram para a realização deste trabalho. ii ÍNDICE RESUMO...........................................................................................................................................................................IV ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................................................................IV APRESENTAÇÃO...........................................................................................................................................................V Capítulo 1 – TAXONOMIA DA CLASSE OPHIUROIDEA................................................................................1 RESUMO.............................................................................................................................................................1 ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................................................1 INTRODUÇÃO.................................................................................................................................................2 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS............................................................................................................................4 ÁREA DE ESTUDO...........................................................................................................................4 PROCEDIMENTO DE AMOSTRAGEM......................................................................................5 Região costeira – BIOTA/FAPESP-Bentos Marinho..............................................5 Plataforma e talude continental-REVIZEE/Score Sul-Bentos.............................7 Plataforma e talude continental-INTEGRADO/Subprojeto Bentos...................7 PROCEDIMENTO PARA O ESTUDO TAXONÔMICO..........................................................8 RESULTADOS..................................................................................................................................................9 LISTA DOS TÁXONS.....................................................................................................................10 TAXONOMIA...................................................................................................................................11 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS......................................................................................................94 Capítulo 2 – DISTRIBUIÇÃO BATIMÉTRICA DOS OPHIUROIDEA........................................................99 RESUMO...........................................................................................................................................................99 ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................................................99 INTRODUÇÃO...............................................................................................................................................100 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS..........................................................................................................................101 ANÁLISE DOS DADOS.................................................................................................................102 RESULTADOS................................................................................................................................................102 DISCUSSÃO.....................................................................................................................................................111 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS......................................................................................................117 Capítulo 3 – BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA DE OPHIODERMA JANUARII Lutken, 1856.....................120 RESUMO...........................................................................................................................................................120 ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................................................120 INTRODUÇÃO...............................................................................................................................................121 METODOLOGIA...........................................................................................................................................122 RESULTADOS................................................................................................................................................125 CICLO REPRODUTIVO.................................................................................................................126 CICLO GAMETOGÊNICO............................................................................................................127 DIÂMETRO DE OÓCITOS...........................................................................................................131 TAMANHO x ATIVIDADE REPRODUTIVA..........................................................................132 DISCUSSÃO....................................................................................................................................................133 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS.....................................................................................................139 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS......................................................................................................................................142 iii RESUMO O presente trabalho aborda a taxonomia, distribuição batimétrica e biologia reprodutiva da classe Ophiuroidea. O material utilizado é procedente dos programas “Biodiversidade Bêntica Marinha no Estado de São Paulo”- BIOTA/FAPESP-Bentos Marinho, “Avaliação do Potencial Sustentável dos Recursos Vivos da Zona Econômica Exclusiva”-
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  • Global Diversity of Brittle Stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

    Global Diversity of Brittle Stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

    Review Global Diversity of Brittle Stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) Sabine Sto¨ hr1*, Timothy D. O’Hara2, Ben Thuy3 1 Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden, 2 Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3 Department of Geobiology, Geoscience Centre, University of Go¨ttingen, Go¨ttingen, Germany fossils has remained relatively low and constant since that date. Abstract: This review presents a comprehensive over- The use of isolated skeletal elements (see glossary below) as the view of the current status regarding the global diversity of taxonomic basis for ophiuroid palaeontology was systematically the echinoderm class Ophiuroidea, focussing on taxono- introduced in the early 1960s [5] and initiated a major increase in my and distribution patterns, with brief introduction to discoveries as it allowed for complete assemblages instead of their anatomy, biology, phylogeny, and palaeontological occasional findings to be assessed. history. A glossary of terms is provided. Species names This review provides an overview of global ophiuroid diversity and taxonomic decisions have been extracted from the literature and compiled in The World Ophiuroidea and distribution, including evolutionary and taxonomic history. It Database, part of the World Register of Marine Species was prompted by the near completion of the World Register of (WoRMS). Ophiuroidea, with 2064 known species, are the Marine Species (http://www.marinespecies.org) [6], of which the largest class of Echinodermata. A table presents 16 World Ophiuroidea Database (http://www.marinespecies.org/ families with numbers of genera and species. The largest ophiuroidea/index.php) is a part. A brief overview of ophiuroid are Amphiuridae (467), Ophiuridae (344 species) and anatomy and biology will be followed by a systematic and Ophiacanthidae (319 species).