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Sistema Arrecifal PROGRAMA DE MANEJO México l Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano es uno de los parques nacionales con características marinas más reconocidas en México por su ubicación, estructura, resiliencia y biodiversidad, está integrado por las islas de Enmedio, Santiaguillo, Verde, Sacricios y Salmedina; al menos 45 arrecifes coralinos, de los que algunos presentan lagunas arrecifales con pastos marinos, así como playas y bajos. Se ubican en la porción interna de la plataforma continental en el Golfo de México y se elevan desde profundidades cercanas a los 40 metros. El Programa de Manejo es el instrumento rector de planeación y regulación que establece las actividades, acciones y lineamientos básicos para el manejo y administración del área en el corto, mediano y largo plazo. En este sentido, establece las acciones que permiten asegurar el equilibrio y la continuidad de los procesos ecológicos, salvaguardar la diversidad genética de las especies, el aprovechamiento racional de los recursos y proporcionar un campo propicio para la investigación cientíca y el estudio del ecosistema, permitiendo integrar la conservación de la riqueza natural con el bienestar social y el Parque Nacional desarrollo económico. Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano El Programa de Manejo del Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano tiene la importante misión de proteger la diversidad del Área Natural Protegida, mantener el acervo Sistema Arrecifal genético natural y fomentar el desarrollo sustentable de los recursos renovables presentes, permitiendo el disfrute de los servicios ambientales y de esparcimiento que presta a los usuarios. Es por ello que en su proceso de elaboración se realizaron reuniones de discusión y consenso con los involucrados en el manejo y uso del área considerando las Veracruzano necesidades de todos los sectores implicados, con base en los lineamientos legales establecidos y la argumentación técnica de soporte. www.gob.mx/semarnat DE MANEJO PROGRAMA www.gob.mx/conanp PROGRAMA DE MANEJO l Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano es uno de los parques nacionales con características marinas más reconocidos en México por su ubicación, estructura, resiliencia y biodiversidad, está integrado por al menos 45 arrecifes coralinos, de los que algunos presentan lagunas arrecifales con pastos marinos, playas, bajos, islas o cayos. Se ubican en la porción interna de la plataforma continental en el Golfo de México y se elevan desde profundidades cercanas a los 40 metros. El Programa de Manejo es el instrumento rector de planicación y regulación que establece las actividades, acciones y lineamientos básicos para el manejo y administración del área en el corto, mediano y largo plazo. El presente Programa de Manejo establece las acciones que permiten asegurar el equilibrio y la continuidad de los procesos ecológicos, salvaguardar la diversidad genética de las especies, el aprovechamiento racional de los recursos y proporcionar un campo propicio para la investigación cientíca y el estudio del ecosistema, permitiendo Parque Nacional integrar la conservación de la riqueza natural con el bienestar Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano social y el desarrollo económico. El Programa de Manejo del Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano tiene la importante misión de proteger la diversidad Sistema Arrecifal del área natural protegida, mantener el acervo genético natural y fomentar el desarrollo sustentable de los recursos renovables presentes, permitiendo el disfrute de los servicios ambientales y de esparcimiento que se prestan a los usuarios. Es por ello que en su proceso de elaboración se realizaron reuniones de discusión y consenso con los involucrados en el manejo y uso del área Veracruzano considerando las necesidades de todos los sectores implicados, con base en los lineamientos legales establecidos y la argumentación técnica de soporte. www.gob.mx/semarnat DE MANEJO PROGRAMA www.gob.mx/conanp Programa de Manejo Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano D. R. © Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Av. Ejército Nacional No. 223, Col. Anáhuac, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo C.P. 11320, México, Ciudad de México www.gob.mx/semarnat Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas Av. Ejército Nacional No. 223, Col. Anáhuac, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo C.P. 11320, México, Ciudad de México www.gob.mx/conanp [email protected] Primera edición diciembre 2017 Impreso y hecho en México PRESENTACIÓN En los mares y costas mexicanos se El Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano esconde un tesoro de incalculable valor. puede ser considerado como un modelo El territorio marítimo mexicano, además ecosistémico coralino único, ya que, a de tener una extensión una y media pesar de que durante los últimos 500 años vez mayor que el territorio continental, se ha encontrado sometido a una enorme alberga el 10 por ciento de la biodiversidad presión antropogénica por las descargas mundial y en él se desarrollan una gran de drenaje de la zona conurbada, así variedad de ecosistemas, entre los que como por derrames de hidrocarburos destacan los arrecifes coralinos. debidos al movimiento de embarcaciones en el recinto portuario, tienen una tasa de Los arrecifes coralinos contribuyen al resiliencia mayor que la que se registra desarrollo de las comunidades costeras, en otros sistemas arrecifales del Golfo de no solo por su importancia ecológica, México y Mar Caribe. sino también por su contribución económica y social, ya sea como fuente Es por ello que destaco el esfuerzo del de alimentación, para el desarrollo de Gobierno Federal en ponderar políticas materiales de construcción, farmacología públicas y estrategias de conservación o como espacio para el desarrollo de en todo el territorio nacional, actividades recreativas, sin descontar particularmente para la conservación que son la primera protección contra de los sistemas arrecifales coralinos huracanes. De ahí que la protección y mexicanos, de los que forma parte el conservación de esta riqueza natural Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano. signique un elemento fundamental para asegurar el desarrollo sostenible de En ese sentido, la publicación del la nación. “Programa de Manejo Parque Nacional 3 Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano”, describe El mar ha sido el sitio en donde he en concreto las aspiraciones de protección, podido ver la inmensidad del innito y el conservación y aprovechamiento de horizonte de mis más grandes anhelos éste importante ecosistema marino. profesionales y personales. Ahí he visto Este documento es una importante crecer mis convicciones y el profundo iniciativa impulsada por la Secretaría del amor que le tengo a mi país (México). Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, a través de la Comisión Nacional de Es por esta razón, que me complace Áreas Naturales Protegidas, para regular ser partícipe y presentar esta publicación las actividades que se realizarán en el que fortalecerá la cultura y protección de arrecife veracruzano, patrimonio natural, uno de mis más apreciados intereses, el histórico y cultural de México. mar nacional. Quienes somos con orgullo hombres de mar y hemos crecido bajo principios inquebrantables de respeto a la naturaleza, asumimos con convicción la Almirante responsabilidad global por la conservación LUIS GERARDO ALCALÁ FERRÁEZ del planeta, de nuestra nación y de los Jefe del Estado Mayor General mexicanos y su patrimonio. de la Armada de México CONTENIDO PRESENTACIÓN................................................................ 3 1. INTRODUCCIÓN........................................................... 11 Antecedentes del Área Natural Protegida ................................ 13 2. OBJETIVOS DEL ÁREA NATURAL PROTEGIDA................................. 17 Objetivo general....................................................... 17 Objetivos especícos................................................... 17 3. OBJETIVOS DEL PROGRAMA DE MANEJO ................................... 19 Objetivo general....................................................... 19 Objetivos especícos................................................... 19 4. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁREA NATURAL PROTEGIDA .............................. 21 Localización y límites................................................... 21 Características físico-geográcas........................................ 24 Clima.............................................................. 24 Hidrología.......................................................... 25 Oceanografía....................................................... 25 Geomorfología ..................................................... 27 Características biológicas............................................... 31 Vegetación marina ................................................. 32 Vegetación terrestre ................................................ 33 Fauna marina....................................................... 34 Nuevas especies registradas para el PNSAV........................... 43 Servicios ecosistémicos................................................. 44 5 Programa de Manejo Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano Contexto arqueológico, histórico y cultural .............................. 45 Contexto demográco, económico y social............................... 48 Normas Ociales Mexicanas ............................................ 49 5. DIAGNÓSTICO Y PROBLEMÁTICA DE LA SITUACIÓN AMBIENTAL .............. 53 Ecosistémico y cambio climático ........................................ 53 Especies exóticas invasoras.........................................
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