DOCSLIB.ORG

BIOFORSK RAPPORT Nr

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Bioforsk Report Vol. 5 No.109/2010 iPOPY discussion paper 4/2010 Organic and conventional public food procurement for youth in Italy Roberto Spigarolo, Valerio Sarti and Giulio Giorgi Roberto Spigarolo, Natale Marcomini and Valerio Sarti Main office Bioforsk Organic Food and Frederik A. Dahls vei 20, Farming N-1432 Ås Gunnars veg 6 Tel.: (+47) 40 60 41 00 6630 Tingvoll Fax: (+47) 63 00 92 10 Tlf: + 047 03 246 [email protected] Faks: + 47 71 53 44 05 [email protected] Title: Organic and conventional public food procurement for youth in Italy Author(s): Roberto Spigarolo, Valerio Sarti and Giulio Giorgi Date: Availability: Project No.: Archive No.: August .2010 Open 2010099 631 Report No.: ISBN-no.: Number of pages: Number of appendix: 5(109) 2010 978-82-17-00677-0 34 5 Employer: Contact person: University of Milan Anne-Kristin Løes, [email protected] Stikkord: Arbeidsområde: iPOPY, ungdom, skolemat, offentlig matforsyning Økologisk mat og landbruk Keywords: Field of work: Organic food, youth, public procurement, school meal Organic food and farming systems Summary: This report describes the political organisation and policies about public organic procurement in Italy, especially within school catering, and how organic products are utilized in this sector. The report is produced within the project “innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth”, iPOPY, and is a revised version of a preliminary report published in the same report series in 2008. Organic and otherwise typical and certified food is supported by several Italian regions by regulations and guidelines demanding that municipalities must prioritize such food in their calls for tenders. This has contributed to make Italy a leading public consumer of organic food, serving about 1 million dishes of school food per day with at least some organic ingredients. In total, about 40% of the food consumed in Italian schools is organic, and 36% from otherwise certified agriculture (local speciality, integrated or fair trade). On full length school days, all pupils are served a warm meal with two dishes, commonly also a desert. The average payment is 3.86 Euro. Future challenges for the Italian school meals with their high share of organic food are to reduce the high amounts of food waste, partly incurred by the current system of food serving where all pupils get equal portions, served at a table. Further, non-food costs are a challenge, as they constitute 70 % of the total food costs. Means to ensure that municipalities and caterers follow the regional guidelines are also required, as well as support for the municipalities to design efficient calls for tenders. The communication about organic food in schools, e.g. as a part of the education, should be strengthened to increase the pupil’s understanding of the benefits of this farming practice for the environment. Sammendrag: Denne rapporten beskrives den politiske organiseringen og utdanningssystemet i Italia, som et grunnlag for å drøfte offentlige matserveringstilbud spesielt i skolesektoren, og hvordan økologisk mat er integrert i slike tilbud. Rapporten er et resultat av prosjektet ”Økologisk mat til ungdommen!” (iPOPY - innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth), og erstatter en tidligere versjon utgitt i samme rapportserie i 2008. Mange Italienske regioner har vedtatt lover eller forskrifter som støtter opp om økologisk mat og matvarer fra andre sertifiseringsordninger som integrert, lokalprodusert og fair trade, ved å kreve at kommunene skal etterspørre slike matvarer i sine anbudsutlysninger. Dette har bidratt til at Italia er ledende mht offentlig forbruk av økologisk mat. Om lag en million måltider per dag med en viss andel eller 100 % økologiske ingredienser serveres i italienske skoler og barnehager. Om lag 40 % av alle matvarer som konsumeres i skolemåltider er økologiske, og 36 % fra andre sertifiseringsordninger. På hele skoledager får alle elever et varmt måltid med to retter, gjerne også med en enkelt dessert eller frukt. Gjennomsnittlig betaling er 3.86 Euro (ca 31 NOK). Framtidige utfordringer for italienske skolemåltider og den høye andelen av økologisk mat er å redusere svinnet. Elevene blir som regel serv ert ved bordet, og når alle får like mye blir det mye mat til overs som kastes. Den største delen av kostnadene for skolemåltider, ca 70 %, er ikke direkte knyttet til maten, men til infrastruktur, transport, serveringspersonale osv. Det er behov for å redusere disse kostnadene. Det er også behov for virkemidler som kan sikre at kommuner og catering-selskap følger de offentlige påleggene om å tilby økologisk og andre typer sertifisert mat, og å assistere kommunene når de skal utforme anbudsdokumenter. Det er videre for lite fokus på at mye av skolematen faktisk er økologisk. Dette bør styrkes både ved matserveringen og i skolehverdagen ellers slik at elevene blir mer klar over de miljømessige fordelene med økologisk matproduksjon. Godkjent /Approved Prosjektleder/ Project leader Atle Wibe, research director Anne-Kristin Løes, project leader 2 Spigarolo, R., Sarti, V. and Giorgi, G. Bioforsk Report 3 (42) 2008 1. Table of Contents 1. Table of Contents ............................................................................................... 3 2. Introduction: Organic agriculture in Italy and the market for organic products .................... 4 3. National conditions ............................................................................................. 6 3.1 Political organisation and policies .................................................................... 6 3.2 School structure .......................................................................................... 8 3.2.1 Kindergarten, children aged 3 to 5 .............................................................. 8 3.2.2 Primary school , children aged 6 to 10 .......................................................... 9 3.2.3 Lower secondary school, children aged 11 to 13 ............................................. 10 3.2.4 Upper secondary school, students aged 14 to 19 ............................................. 11 3.2.5 University, students aged 19 onwards .......................................................... 12 3.3 Regulatory framework (legislation, certification, economic instruments) ................... 14 3.3.1 Legislations stages ................................................................................. 14 3.3.2 The role of the municipalities ................................................................... 14 3.4 The evolution of public catering towards sustainability ......................................... 15 3.4.1 A short history of POP in Italy ................................................................... 15 3.4.2 Some milestones in organic school catering in Italy ......................................... 15 3.4.3 The context in which school meals are discussed and organized ......................... 17 4. Statistics ........................................................................................................ 19 4.1 Share of organic products used in school canteens ............................................... 20 4.2 Growth of the organic school canteen sector in Italy ............................................ 21 4.3 Overview over meals provided in Italian schools .................................................. 23 4.4 Essential data on school catering system organization in Italy ................................. 24 4.4.1 Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics .............................................. 24 4.4.2 Catering service management in school canteens ........................................... 25 4.4.3 Type of catering service .......................................................................... 26 4.4.4 Size of cooking centres ........................................................................... 27 4.4.5 Meal prices .......................................................................................... 28 4.4.6 Meal costs for the companies .................................................................... 29 4.4.7 Presence of control bodies and customer satisfaction ...................................... 30 4.4.8 Type of service ..................................................................................... 31 4.4.9 Presence in the menu of quality and “controlled chain” products ....................... 31 4.4.10 Certifications obtained by companies managing catering services ....................... 32 5. Concluding remarks ........................................................................................... 33 6. References ...................................................................................................... 34 6.1 Pictures ................................................................................................... 34 6.2 Literature & websites .................................................................................. 34 Annex 1: Geographical data about Italy .......................................................................... 36 Annex 2: Organic subsidy system in Italy ........................................................................ 39 Annex 3: Organic Product Supermarket Brands evolution .................................................... 40 Annex 4: The Italian State Organisation.......................................................................... 41 Annex 5: The Organization of upper secondary school in Italy ..............................................
Recommended publications
  • Chapter One: Introduction

    Chapter One: Introduction

    CHANGING PERCEPTIONS OF IL DUCE TRACING POLITICAL TRENDS IN THE ITALIAN-AMERICAN MEDIA DURING THE EARLY YEARS OF FASCISM by Ryan J. Antonucci Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the History Program YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY August, 2013 Changing Perceptions of il Duce Tracing Political Trends in the Italian-American Media during the Early Years of Fascism Ryan J. Antonucci I hereby release this thesis to the public. I understand that this thesis will be made available from the OhioLINK ETD Center and the Maag Library Circulation Desk for public access. I also authorize the University or other individuals to make copies of this thesis as needed for scholarly research. Signature: Ryan J. Antonucci, Student Date Approvals: Dr. David Simonelli, Thesis Advisor Date Dr. Brian Bonhomme, Committee Member Date Dr. Martha Pallante, Committee Member Date Dr. Carla Simonini, Committee Member Date Dr. Salvatore A. Sanders, Associate Dean of Graduate Studies Date Ryan J. Antonucci © 2013 iii ABSTRACT Scholars of Italian-American history have traditionally asserted that the ethnic community’s media during the 1920s and 1930s was pro-Fascist leaning. This thesis challenges that narrative by proving that moderate, and often ambivalent, opinions existed at one time, and the shift to a philo-Fascist position was an active process. Using a survey of six Italian-language sources from diverse cities during the inauguration of Benito Mussolini’s regime, research shows that interpretations varied significantly. One of the newspapers, Il Cittadino Italo-Americano (Youngstown, Ohio) is then used as a case study to better understand why events in Italy were interpreted in certain ways.
  • Italian: Repubblica Italiana),[7][8][9][10] Is a Unitary Parliamentary Republic Insouthern Europe

    Italian: Repubblica Italiana),[7][8][9][10] Is a Unitary Parliamentary Republic Insouthern Europe

    Italy ( i/ˈɪtəli/; Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica italiana),[7][8][9][10] is a unitary parliamentary republic inSouthern Europe. Italy covers an area of 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and has a largely temperate climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as lo Stivale (the Boot).[11][12] With 61 million inhabitants, it is the 5th most populous country in Europe. Italy is a very highly developed country[13]and has the third largest economy in the Eurozone and the eighth-largest in the world.[14] Since ancient times, Etruscan, Magna Graecia and other cultures have flourished in the territory of present-day Italy, being eventually absorbed byRome, that has for centuries remained the leading political and religious centre of Western civilisation, capital of the Roman Empire and Christianity. During the Dark Ages, the Italian Peninsula faced calamitous invasions by barbarian tribes, but beginning around the 11th century, numerous Italian city-states rose to great prosperity through shipping, commerce and banking (indeed, modern capitalism has its roots in Medieval Italy).[15] Especially duringThe Renaissance, Italian culture thrived, producing scholars, artists, and polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo and Machiavelli. Italian explorers such as Polo, Columbus, Vespucci, and Verrazzano discovered new routes to the Far East and the New World, helping to usher in the European Age of Discovery. Nevertheless, Italy would remain fragmented into many warring states for the rest of the Middle Ages, subsequently falling prey to larger European powers such as France, Spain, and later Austria.
  • Covid-19 and Politics in Italy: Solidarity Between Health and Non- Health Sector by Manav Gupta1

    Covid-19 and Politics in Italy: Solidarity Between Health and Non- Health Sector by Manav Gupta1

    Volume I www.legalspectrumjournal.in Issue I Covid-19 and Politics in Italy: Solidarity between health and non- health sector By Manav Gupta1 ABSTRACT The first European country was Italy to witness a big coronavirus spread and remains one of the countries that is most affected by disasters, and this is the country where the most extreme lockout steps have been forced. It faced significant well-being and socio-economic problems. The government of Italy has introduced a broad range of measures at the national level, despite the varying incidences of the virus across the region. Results indicate that the strictness of containment and alleviation initiatives has performed an important part in combating the Covid pandemic from an economic and health perspective. Technological arbitration has played a key role due to the insufficiency of the arrangements and the hold up in their enactment. The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the different policies of the Italian government and its effect on health as well as non-health outcome, taking note of the impacts on families impacted by poverty and racism. Political leaders are the most portrayed participants, indicating a high degree of crisis activism. For executing this paper, I used a liberal approach to understand the analysis. 1 1st Year Student of B.A LL.B (Hons.) at OP Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana INTRODUCTION Novel coronavirus outbreak was announced on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO) (WHO, 2019). Governments have adopted several measures to acknowledge the quick rise in death and infection that have had major bleak impacts on society.
  • Peaceful Islamist Movements and the Challenges of Integration in The

    Peaceful Islamist Movements and the Challenges of Integration in The

    Papers alternatives Arab Form For Alternatives Italy’s 2013 General Elections By Andrea Teti Brief written for The Arab Forum for Alternatives ﻣﻧﺗﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺑﺩﺍﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ (A.F.A) ﺍﻟﻌﻧﻭﺍﻥ: ﺷﻘﺔ 4 ـ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺑﻕ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺑﻊ ـ 5 ﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ـ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻲ ـ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ (ﺝ.ﻡ.ﻉ) Website: www.afaegypt.org Mail: [email protected] Telefax: +202-37629937 Twitter: AFAlternatives 1 Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/AFAlternatives Italy’s 2013 General Elections Italy’s 2013 General Elections By Andrea Teti Brief written for The Arab Forum for Alternatives 2 Arab Form For Alternatives By Andrea Teti Department of Politics and International Relations University of Aberdeen Edward Wright Building Dunbar Street Aberdeen AB24 3QY E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +44 (0)7586481519 Andrea Teti is Director of the Centre for Global Security and Governance and Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Aberdeen, as well as Senior Fellow at the European Centre for International Affairs. His research focuses primarily on political theory and Mediterranean politics. He has published on EU, Egyptian and Italian politics, on democratization theory, constructivism and post-structuralism. 3 Italy’s 2013 General Elections The 2013 Italian elections mark a political shift comparable to the end of the ‘First Republic’ in 1994, which heralded the twenty years dominated by Silvio Berlusconi. In 2013, Berlusconi’s coalition lost over 16% of its support, the main leftist party fared little better, and increasing public anger at a political elite perceived as more brazenly corrupt and self-serving than in 1994 fuelled a massive shift towards the Five Star Movement (M5S) lead by former political satirist, Beppe Grillo.
  • 75-3223 WERTMAN, Douglas Allen, 1948- the ELECTORATE of RELIGIOUSLY-BASED POLITICAL PARTIES: the CASE of the ITALIAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY

    75-3223 WERTMAN, Douglas Allen, 1948- the ELECTORATE of RELIGIOUSLY-BASED POLITICAL PARTIES: the CASE of the ITALIAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY

    75-3223 WERTMAN, Douglas Allen, 1948- THE ELECTORATE OF RELIGIOUSLY-BASED POLITICAL PARTIES: THE CASE OF THE ITALIAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1974 Political Science, general Xerox University Microfilms,Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. THE ELECTORATE OF RELIGIOUSLY-BASED POLITICAL PARTIES: THE CASE OF THE ITALIAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Douglas Allen Wertman, B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1974 Reading Committee: Approved By Giacomo Sani Loren Waldman C. Richard Hofstetter illO'fAtC Department of Political Science ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would first of all like to thank Giacomo Sani for his interest, encouragement, and assistance in the writing of thi3 dissertation and in my study of the politics of Italy during the past four years while I have been at Ohio State University. I would further like to thank him for allowing me to use the 1972 Italian survey. I would also like to express my gratitude to Dr. Samuel Barnes of the University of Michigan for permitting me to employ the 1972 Italian data, of which he was co-investigator with Dr. Sani, and the 196 8 Italian survey, which he directed by himself. Funds for these surveys ware provided by the Ford Founda­ tion and the National Science Foundation. I want to give special thanks to Loren Waldman for his many helpful comments and his willingness to devote so much time and effort to assisting me.
  • The Making of the Padanian Nation: Corruption, Hegemony, Globalization And

    The Making of the Padanian Nation: Corruption, Hegemony, Globalization And

    The making of the Padanian Nation: Corruption, Hegemony, Globalization and Legitimacy Sinan Celiksu Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 ©2014 Sinan Celiksu All rights reserved ABSTRACT The making of the Padanian Nation: Corruption, Hegemony, Globalization and Legitimacy Sinan Celiksu This dissertation examines the relationship between state failures and state legitimacy in Italy. The study is based on a one-year ethnographic field research in Varese City. The political party Northern League and its followers (Leghisti) has been chosen to observe the state-society relationships. It has been discovered that among others, three factors were instrumental in the process by which the state-society relationships has been deteriorated so as to open the path for an alternative legitimacy claim such as Padanian nationalism. Initially, revelations of political corruption and illegal state practices, failure of the state to address problems related to globalization such as global economic integration and uncontrolled immigration were instrumental. Later, struggle of hegemony and subjugation between the League and the state has been another important cause for deteriorated relationships. This study also provides qualitative data on the processes by which those deteriorated relationships and state failures contributed the rise of xenophobia and suggests that this failures of the state coupled with the problems brought about by the uncontrolled immigration and global economic expansion is likely to open a path for criminalization of both immigrants and local people. Table of Contents LIST OF GRAPHS, IMAGES, AND ILLUSTRATIONS ...........................................
  • Italian Politics in an Era of Recession : the End of Bipolarism? Bull, MJ and Pasquino, G

    Italian Politics in an Era of Recession : the End of Bipolarism? Bull, MJ and Pasquino, G

    Italian politics in an era of recession : the end of bipolarism? Bull, MJ and Pasquino, G http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2018.1436493 Title Italian politics in an era of recession : the end of bipolarism? Authors Bull, MJ and Pasquino, G Type Article URL This version is available at: http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/46758/ Published Date 2018 USIR is a digital collection of the research output of the University of Salford. Where copyright permits, full text material held in the repository is made freely available online and can be read, downloaded and copied for non-commercial private study or research purposes. Please check the manuscript for any further copyright restrictions. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. Italian Politics in an Era of Recession: the end of Bipolarism? Martin Bull and Gianfranco Pasquino Italian politics have undergone momentous change in the 2007-2017 decade under the impact of the eurozone crisis, whose peak in 2011-2013 could be equated to the earlier watershed years of 1992-1994. The lasting impact of the upheaval in Italian politics in the early 1990s could still be felt in the decade of economic recession, but there were also new challenges prompted by a crisis that had its roots in international financial contagion and unravelling under the shadow of both recession and austerity. The changes were of an economic, social, cultural, institutional, policy-oriented and political nature. If one central quintessentially political theme stands out by the end of this decade it is the apparent exhaustion of the quest for bipolarisation that was initiated in the early 1990s.
  • Italian Politics and Society

    Italian Politics and Society

    CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY CSU Virtual International Program SSC 401 Italian Politics & Society SYLLABUS – Spring Semester VIP 2020 Lecturer: Prof. LORENZO CICCHI Class schedule (from March 16th)1: THURSDAY, 11.15AM – 12.15 PM (Pacific Daylight Time, GMT -7) Office hours: upon appointment and, if possible, FRIDAY, 10.15 – 11.15 AM (Pacific Daylight Time, GMT -7) E-mail: [email protected] Bio: http://europeangovernanceandpolitics.eui.eu/team/cicchi-lorenzo/ Credits – 3 CSU semester units. Location of Course – Zoom virtual room, Personal Meeting ID 511-361-8615 Mid-term exam: Wednesday April 23rd 2020, 11.15AM – 12.15 PM Final exam: May 28th, 2020, 11-15AM – 12.15PM COURSE DESCRIPTION The course focuses on Italy as a political system and the key features of Italian society, from the middle ages up to today. Focusing in particular on the 20th century and the post-WWII period, the course covers the main historical, economic and societal events that constitute the basis of a full understanding of what Italy is today. A particular attention is devoted to the institutional, cultural and political differences between Italy and the United States. Class discussion on current events, in order to give the students a more concrete understanding of the way the system operates, is a central element of the course. In particular, students will be asked to discuss, under the guidance of the lecturer, the key topics covered during the course encouraging their critical questioning and analysis. CSU GE category – D3 or D5 BIBLIOGRAPHY TEXTBOOK (required): James L. Newell (2010), The Politics of Italy. Governance in a normal country, Cambridge University Press.
  • Italian Politics & Society

    Italian Politics & Society

    Italian Politics & Society The Review of the Conference Group on Italian Politics and Society #70 |Spring 2012 General Editor Christophe Roux (University of Montpellier 1, France) [email protected] CEPEL – Faculté de droit et de science politique |39 rue de l’Université 34060 Montpellier cedex 2 (France) | Ph.: +33-434432842 | Fax: +33-434432857 Book Review Editor Jeffrey Hamill, University of Florida [email protected] Department of Political Science | 234 Anderson Hall | P.O. Box 117325 Gainesville, FL 32611 (USA) | Ph: 352 392-0262 | Fax: 352 392-8127 Managing Editors Alessandro Cagossi (West Virginia University), Jeffrey Hamill, Christophe Roux CONGRIPS President Simona Piattoni (University of Trento, Italy) [email protected] Vice-President Amie Kreppel (University of Florida) [email protected] Executive Secretary Richard Katz (The Johns Hopkins University) [email protected] Program Chair (until 2012) James Newell (University of Salford, UK) [email protected] Executive Committee Mabel Berezin (Cornell University) Maurizio Carbone (University of Glasgow, UK) Vincent Della Sala (University of Trento, Italy) Daniel Ziblatt (Harvard University) Eleonora Pasotti (University of California, Santa Cruz) Gianfranco Pasquino (ex-officio as SISP President, University of Bologna, Italy) Group Liaison Officers with European Politics/Policy Groups For North America: Raffaella Nanetti (Illinois University at Chicago, USA) [email protected] For Europe: Marco Brunazzo (University of Trento, Italy) [email protected] CONGRIPS
  • European Journal of American Studies , Reviews 2011-2 Dennis Berthold, American Risorgimento: Herman Melville and the Cultural Poli

    European Journal of American Studies , Reviews 2011-2 Dennis Berthold, American Risorgimento: Herman Melville and the Cultural Poli

    European journal of American studies Reviews 2011-2 Dennis Berthold, American Risorgimento: Herman Melville and the Cultural Politics of Italy. Paola Gemme Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/ejas/9166 ISSN: 1991-9336 Publisher European Association for American Studies Electronic reference Paola Gemme, “Dennis Berthold, American Risorgimento: Herman Melville and the Cultural Politics of Italy.”, European journal of American studies [Online], Reviews 2011-2, document 4, Online since 02 September 2011, connection on 20 July 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/ejas/9166 This text was automatically generated on 20 July 2021. Creative Commons License Dennis Berthold, American Risorgimento: Herman Melville and the Cultural Poli... 1 Dennis Berthold, American Risorgimento: Herman Melville and the Cultural Politics of Italy. Paola Gemme REFERENCES Columbus: Ohio State UP, 2009. Pp. XV, 291. ISBN: 978-0-8142-1106-9. 1 In his new book, American Risorgimento: Herman Melville and the Cultural Politics of Italy, Dennis Berthold shows how Italy’s political transformation from a collection of small states controlled by foreign powers in the 1840s into a unified, independent nation by 1871 was central to Melville’s writing. Melville clearly saw the parallel between Italy’s struggle for freedom from foreign domination and drive for unification and, on the other hand, the war in the United States to abolish slavery and maintain the union. He developed this perceived affinity most explicitly in two seldom-studied poems with an Italian subject, “At the Hostelry” and “Naples in the Time of Bomba,” but references to Italy pervade his entire work from his 1849 novel Mardi to his late poetry.
  • Italian Constitutionalism and Its Origins

    Italian Constitutionalism and Its Origins

    Italian Constitutionalism and Its Origins Steven G. Calabresi and Matteo Godi Abstract Focusing on the evolution of constitutional thought in Italy is key to understand not only Italy’s current legal order, but also constitutionalism more generally. In Italy, there has not been a true rupture point between the pre-unitary legal systems and the new constitutional order; a comprehensive study of Italian constitutional law, then, cannot do away with the preceding legal orders as modern textbooks do. And a study of modern constitutionalism cannot ignore Italy’s contribution: centuries of attempts at constitutionalizing, detached from any meaningful revolutionary vacuum. This Article sets out to fill that gap by focusing on the little known, three-centuries-long history of Italian constitutionalism, and it does so by offering many previously unpublished English translations of Italian constitutions. Part II discusses the genesis of modern constitutional thought in Italy. It focuses, in particular, on the Draft Constitution of Tuscany (1787); the Second Constitution of the Cisalpine Republic (1798); and the Constitution of the Kingdom of Italy (1802). Part III analyzes the Albertine Statute, the most famous pre-modern Italian constitution, first enacted in 1848 by the Kingdom of Piedmont and Sardinia and later extended to the entire nation following the unification of Italy in 1861. Part IV briefly focuses on the 1948 Constitution of the Italian Republic – Italy’s current constitutional document. Part V extrapolates from this history in order to make a few normative claims. A brief conclusion follows. ‘If you want to go on a pilgrimage to the birthplace of our Constitution, go to the mountains where the Partisans died, go to the prisons where they were jailed, go to the fields where they were hung.

  • The Legacy of Military Necessity in Italy: War and Memory in Cassino and Monte Sole

    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 4-23-2013 12:00 AM The Legacy of Military Necessity in Italy: War and Memory in Cassino and Monte Sole Cynthia D. Brown The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Dr. Jonathan Vance The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in History A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Cynthia D. Brown 2013 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Brown, Cynthia D., "The Legacy of Military Necessity in Italy: War and Memory in Cassino and Monte Sole" (2013). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 1255. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1255 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Legacy of Military Necessity in Italy: War and Memory in Cassino and Monte Sole (Thesis format: Monograph) by Cynthia D. Brown Graduate Program in History A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada © Cynthia D. Brown 2013 Abstract The rise of Benito Mussolini’s Fascist party and its disastrous alliance with Nazi Germany remains one of the most well-known parts of Italy’s Second World War experience, at least in English historical literature.