IMS Data Reference Tables
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Harm Reduction Journal Biomed Central
Harm Reduction Journal BioMed Central Research Open Access My first time: initiation into injecting drug use in Manipur and Nagaland, north-east India Michelle Kermode*1, Verity Longleng2, Bangkim Chingsubam Singh2, Jane Hocking3, Biangtung Langkham2 and Nick Crofts1 Address: 1Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia, 2c/- Project ORCHID, CBCNEI Mission Compound, Guwahati, Assam, India and 3Key Centre for Women's Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia Email: Michelle Kermode* - [email protected]; Verity Longleng - [email protected]; Bangkim Chingsubam Singh - [email protected]; Jane Hocking - [email protected]; Biangtung Langkham - [email protected]; Nick Crofts - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 5 December 2007 Received: 3 July 2007 Accepted: 5 December 2007 Harm Reduction Journal 2007, 4:19 doi:10.1186/1477-7517-4-19 This article is available from: http://www.harmreductionjournal.com/content/4/1/19 © 2007 Kermode et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: The north-east Indian states of Manipur and Nagaland are two of the six high HIV prevalence states in the country, and the main route of HIV transmission is injecting drug use. Understanding the pathways to injecting drug use can facilitate early intervention with HIV prevention programs. While several studies of initiation into injecting drug use have been conducted in developed countries, little is known about the situation in developing country settings. -
A History of Fruits on the Southeast Asian Mainland
OFFPRINT A history of fruits on the Southeast Asian mainland Roger Blench Kay Williamson Educational Foundation Cambridge, UK E-mail: [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm Occasional Paper 4 Linguistics, Archaeology and the Human Past Edited by Toshiki OSADA and Akinori UESUGI Indus Project Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan 2008 ISBN 978-4-902325-33-1 A history of Fruits on the Southeast Asian mainland A history of fruits on the Southeast Asian mainland Roger Blench Kay Williamson Educational Foundation Cambridge, UK E-mail: [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm ABSTRACT The paper presents an overview of the history of the principal tree fruits grown on the Southeast Asian mainland, making use of data from biogeography, archaeobotany, iconography and linguistics. Many assertions in the literature about the origins of particular species are found to be without empirical basis. In the absence of other data, comparative linguistics is an important source for tracing the spread of some fruits. Contrary to the Pacific, it seems that many of the fruits we now consider characteristic of the region may well have spread in recent times. INTRODUCTION empirical base for Pacific languages is not matched for mainland phyla such as Austroasiatic, Daic, Sino- This study 1) is intended to complement a previous Tibetan or Hmong-Mien, so accounts based purely paper on the history of tree-fruits in island Southeast on Austronesian tend to give a one-sided picture. Asia and the Pacific (Blench 2005). Arboriculture Although occasional detailed accounts of individual is very neglected in comparison to other types of languages exist (e.g. -
Immediate Effect of Tobacco Chewing in the Form of 'Paan'
April-June 1988 Ind. J. Physiol. Pharmac. e and high altitude stress on humans. behaviour and pituitary adrenal axis IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF TOBACCO CHEWING IN THE FORM of corticosteroids in lactating goats OF 'PAAN' ON CERTAIN CARDIO-RESPIRATORY PARAMETERS r lactating rats : Parallel changes P. K. NANDA AND M. M. SHARMA I-hydroxy corticosteroids in human Department of Physiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla - 171 001 on serum transaminase and lactic of Physiological Sciences, New Delhi (Received on May 17, 1987 ) ofstress on serum enzyme levels in Summary: Immediate effect of tobacco in the form of chewing was evaluated in 40 healthy males (mean age 26.27 yrs.) not habituated to tobacco, who were given paan containing 200 mg of of drug metabolizing enzymes and tobacco to chew (group T). Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), forced vital capacity (FVC), nal stress, Ind. J. Med, Res., 83 : FEV} and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were measured twice for each subject, once before chewing and again immediately after completion of chewing. Another 24 age and sex matched ry and clearace in sheep before and controls (group C) were given paan without tobacco to chew and cardiorespiratory parameters 1970. were recorded as for group T subjects. Electrocardiography was recorded in lO group T and 10 ase Process" Ed. J. M. Raamsey , group C subjects. Effect of tobacco chewing was also evaluated in 10 habitual tobacco chewers. Results showed statistically significant increments in HR and BP as well as a decline in T wave of serum Glutamic oxalacetic and amplitude in ECG following tobacco chewing (group T subjects). -
Various Terminologies Associated with Areca Nut and Tobacco Chewing: a Review
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Vol. 19 Issue 1 Jan ‑ Apr 2015 69 REVIEW ARTICLE Various terminologies associated with areca nut and tobacco chewing: A review Kalpana A Patidar, Rajkumar Parwani, Sangeeta P Wanjari, Atul P Patidar Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Modern Dental College and Research Center, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India Address for correspondence: ABSTRACT Dr. Kalpana A Patidar, Globally, arecanut and tobacco are among the most common addictions. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Tobacco and arecanut alone or in combination are practiced in different regions Modern Dental College and Research Centre, in various forms. Subsequently, oral mucosal lesions also show marked Airport Road, Gandhi Nagar, Indore ‑ 452 001, Madhya Pradesh, India. variations in their clinical as well as histopathological appearance. However, it E‑mail: [email protected] has been found that there is no uniformity and awareness while reporting these habits. Various terminologies used by investigators like ‘betel chewing’,‘betel Received: 26‑02‑2014 quid chewing’,‘betel nut chewing’,‘betel nut habit’,‘tobacco chewing’and ‘paan Accepted: 28‑03‑2015 chewing’ clearly indicate that there is lack of knowledge and lots of confusion about the exact terminology and content of the habit. If the health promotion initiatives are to be considered, a thorough knowledge of composition and way of practicing the habit is essential. In this article we reviewed composition and various terminologies associated with areca nut and tobacco habits in an effort to clearly delineate various habits. Key words: Areca nut, habit, paan, quid, tobacco INTRODUCTION Tobacco plant, probably cultivated by man about 1,000 years back have now crept into each and every part of world. -
OCTOBER 2019 Network Bulletin an Important Message from Unitedhealthcare to Health Care Professionals and Facilities
OCTOBER 2019 network bulletin An important message from UnitedHealthcare to health care professionals and facilities. Enter UnitedHealthcare respects the expertise of the physicians, health care professionals and their staff who participate in our network. Our goal is to support you and your patients in making the most informed decisions regarding the choice of quality and cost-effective care, and to support practice staff with a simple and predictable administrative experience. The Network Bulletin was developed to share important updates regarding UnitedHealthcare procedure and policy changes, as well as other useful administrative and clinical information. Where information in this bulletin conflicts with applicable state and/or federal law, UnitedHealthcare follows such applicable federal and/or state law. UnitedHealthcare Network Bulletin October 2019 Table of Contents Front & Center PAGE 3 Stay up to date with the latest news and information. UnitedHealthcare Commercial PAGE 22 Learn about program revisions and requirement updates. UnitedHealthcare Community Plan PAGE 29 Learn about Medicaid coverage changes and updates. UnitedHealthcare Medicare Advantage PAGE 35 Learn about Medicare policy, reimbursement and guideline changes. UnitedHealthcare Affiliates PAGE 37 Learn about updates with our company partners. PREV NEXT 2 | For more information, call 877-842-3210 or visit UHCprovider.com. UnitedHealthcare Network Bulletin October 2019 Table of Contents Front & Center Stay up to date with the latest news and information. Smart Edits Help Speed Up Radiology Program Outpatient Injectable Your Claims Cycle Procedure Code Changes Chemotherapy and Our Smart Edits claims tool catches Effective Jan. 1, 2020, Related Cancer Therapies errors and gives you an opportunity UnitedHealthcare will update Prior Authorization/ to resolve and resubmit a claim the procedure code list for the Notification Updates before it enters the claims cycle. -
Tobacco Use: a Smart Guide
1 Tobacco Use: A Smart Guide “STOPPING TAKES HARD WORK AND A LOT OF EFFORT, BUT – YOU CAN STOP TOBACCO” THE PROCESS OF QUITTING Do you find quitting tobacco difficult? The reason you continue to use tobacco is not because you are weak-willed or irresponsible, but because you are addicted. Nicotine is said to be more addictive than brown sugar (heroin) or cocaine. That is why people find it so difficult to stop, once they are habituated. The quitting process involves three steps: A. Preparation before quitting B. Actual quitting and C. Life after quitting. This manual will guide you through each of these steps. YOU NEED TO KNOW Before trying to quit tobacco you need to know a few facts about tobacco: • Tobacco comes in different forms….and all contain nicotine, the addictive substance. • Smoking forms of tobacco are beedis, cigarettes, cigars, chuttas, dhumti, pipe, hooklis, and hookah. • Smokeless forms of tobacco include chewing paan (betel quid) with zarda (tobacco), guthka, pan masala, manipuri tobacco, mawa, khaini, kaddi pudi, chewing tobacco leaves, mishri, gul, snuff, tobacco tooth paste and as tobacco water. Tobacco Facts • Tobacco is the leading cause of preventable death. • Each year tobacco kills 40,00,000 people. 2500 Indians die EVERYDAY due to tobacco related diseases. Deaths from tobacco use world wide are more than that from cocaine, heroin, alcohol, fires, accidents, murder, suicide, and AIDS COMBINED. • If you use tobacco, you are likely to die 15 years earlier. Tobacco Use: A Smart Guide 2 • Tobacco affects all the organs in the body from head to toe. -
Opioid Prescriber Reference Guide
Community Plan of Pennsylvania (Medicaid) Quick reference guide Opioid overutilization prevention and opioid use disorder treatment programs for UnitedHealthcare Community Plan of Pennsylvania (Medicaid) In response to the U.S. opioid epidemic, we’ve developed programs to help our members receive the care and treatment they need in safe and effective ways. We’ve based our measures on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) opioid treatment guidelines to help prevent overuse of short-acting and long-acting opioid medications. Please use this quick reference guide to learn more about what we offer. Concurrent Drug Utilization Review (cDUR) programs The cDUR program uses the pharmacy claims processing system to screen all prescriptions at the point of service and checks for possible inappropriate drug prescribing and utilization, as well as potentially dangerous medical implications or drug interactions. The program includes communication to the dispensing pharmacy at point-of-service through claims edits and messaging to the dispensing pharmacy at point of service. The pharmacist will need to address the clinical situation at the point of sale before entering appropriate National Council for Prescription Drug Programs (NCPDP) codes to receive an approved claim, unless otherwise stated below. • Combination opioids plus acetaminophen (APAP) limit THERDOSE Acetaminophen • Prevents doses of APAP greater than 4 grams per day Duplicate Therapy – • Alerts to concurrent use of multiple SAOs Short-Acting Opioids (SAOs) Duplicate Therapy -
Does Areca Nut Use Lead to Dependence? Vivek Benegal ∗, Ravi P
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Drug and Alcohol Dependence 97 (2008) 114–121 Does areca nut use lead to dependence? Vivek Benegal ∗, Ravi P. Rajkumar, Kesavan Muralidharan Deaddiction Centre, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India Received 14 February 2007; received in revised form 24 March 2008; accepted 24 March 2008 Available online 19 May 2008 Abstract Background: The areca nut is consumed by approximately 10% of the world’s population, and its consumption is associated with long-term health risks, with or without tobacco additives. However, it is not known whether its use is associated with a dependence syndrome, as is seen with other psychoactive substances. Objective: To examine whether areca nut usage (with or without tobacco additives) could lead to the development of a dependence syndrome. Methods: Three groups: [a] persons using areca nut preparations without tobacco additives [n = 98]; [b] persons using areca nut preparations with tobacco additives [n = 44]; and [c] ‘Non-users’ were systematically assessed using a checklist for the use of areca or areca + tobacco products, patterns of use, presence of a dependence syndrome in users, features of stimulant withdrawal and desired/beneficial effects. -
Policy Interventions and Economics of Betel Leaf and Areca Nut
Policy Interventions and Economics Policy Interventions and Economics of Betel Leaf and Areca Nut Use Betel quid and areca nut products are often homemade or manufactured within a network of small locally owned businesses. Lack of product standardization, lack of mass commercialization, and high product diversity make policies especially difficult to implement and enforce (NCI & CDC, 2014). Data on the economics of betel quid and areca nut use and policy interventions to reduce use of these products are limited. Trade Other countries have Areca nut is usually listed as an edible fruit and therefore normally implemented bans, but sold as a food substance in many countries. Foods imported to a on a much smaller scale. non-producing country must meet the general food safety requirements In Papua New Guinea, within that country, but are rarely declined due to the health effects of a ban on betel quid areca nut use (IARC, 2004). Some countries have placed limitations chewing in government on trade in areca nut. In the Marshall Islands it is a crime to import, offices was implemented distribute, or sell areca nut (WHO, 2012). in the late 1970s. In Singapore, spitting in Taxation public was outlawed to indirectly discourage The varied and informal nature of the betel quid and areca nut market the practice of betel Areca nut sachets in Karnataka with warning. presents challenges for effective taxation of products. Tax rates can vary and areca nut chewing Image: By Ask27 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, widely across product categories and across countries and tend to be https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php? (IARC, 2004). -
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Adverse Birth Outcomes in the Pacific Island Region: a Scoping Review Protocol
Open access Protocol BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042423 on 8 April 2021. Downloaded from Prevalence and risk factors of adverse birth outcomes in the Pacific Island region: a scoping review protocol Lydia Sandrah Kuman Kaforau ,1,2 Gizachew Assefa Tessema,2,3 Jonine Jancey ,2 Gursimran Kaur Dhamrait ,4,5 Hugo Bugoro,1 G F Pereira2,6 To cite: Kaforau LSK, ABSTRACT Strengths and limitations of this study Tessema GA, Jancey J, et al. Introduction Fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, low Prevalence and risk factors of birth weight and stillbirth are adverse birth outcomes that adverse birth outcomes in the ► The review will provide information to help identify are prevalent in low- income and middle- income settings Pacific Island region: a scoping knowledge gaps and focal points for further investi- such as the Pacific Island region. It is widely accepted review protocol. BMJ Open gation to progress towards evidenced-based mater- that the excess burden of adverse birth outcomes is 2021;11:e042423. doi:10.1136/ nal healthcare in the region. attributable to socioeconomic and environmental factors bmjopen-2020-042423 ► A strength of this study will be consultation with that predispose families to excess risk. Our review seeks stakeholders (health professionals working in ma- ► Prepublication history for to determine the prevalence of adverse birth outcomes in ternal and child health services) as they will provide this paper is available online. the Pacific Island region and to identify the risk factors of To view these files, please visit insights into adverse birth outcomes at a community adverse birth outcomes in the Pacific Island region. -
The Bioarchaeology of Initial Human Settlement in Palau
THE BIOARCHAEOLOGY OF INITIAL HUMAN SETTLEMENT IN PALAU, WESTERN MICRONESIA by JESSICA H. STONE A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Anthropology and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2020 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Jessica H. Stone Title: The Bioarchaeology of Initial Human Settlement in Palau, Western Micronesia This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of Anthropology by: Scott M. Fitzpatrick Chairperson Nelson Ting Core Member Dennis H. O’Rourke Core Member Stephen R. Frost Core Member James Watkins Institutional Representative and Kate Mondloch Interim Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2020 ii © 2020 Jessica H. Stone iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Jessica H. Stone Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology June 2020 Title: The Bioarchaeology of Initial Human Settlement in Palau, Western Micronesia The initial settlement of Remote Oceania represents the world’s last major wave of human dispersal. While transdisciplinary models involving linguistic, archaeological, and biological data have been utilized in the Pacific to develop basic chronologies and trajectories of initial human settlement, a number of elusive gaps remain in our understanding of the region’s colonization history. This is especially true in Micronesia, where a paucity of human skeletal material dating to the earliest periods of settlement have hindered biological contributions to colonization models. The Chelechol ra Orrak site in Palau, western Micronesia, contains the largest and oldest human skeletal assemblage in the region, and is one of only two known sites that represent some of the earliest settlers in the Pacific. -
Decision of the Minister of Health No. 1853515 on Approval of The
Unofficial Translation 22 Um Al- Friday 22 Rabea al-Awwal 1440 A.H - 30 Decisions & Laws Um Al-Qura Qura November 2018 Year 96 Year 96, Vol. 4755 [logo] Ministry of Health Decisions of the Ministry of Health Decision of the Minister of Health No. 1853515 on 29/12/ 1439 AH Approval on the Amendment of the Executive Regulation of Tobacco Control Law The Minister of Health, According to the authorities vested in him; After reviewing the Tobacco Law issued by the Royal Decree No. (M/56) on 28/07/1436 A.H; After reviewing Article 19 of Clause 1 of the Executive Regulation of Tobacco Control Law, which set forth that "The Ministry of Health reviews the Regulation one year from its enforcement and amends the same as it may requires". And as dictated by the public interest. Decided that: First: Approve the amendment to the Executive Regulation of Tobacco Control Law according to the form attached herewith: Second: This Regulation shall be published in the Official Gazette and on the Minister website and shall be put into force as of the date of its publication. Respectfully, Minister of Health Tawfiq bin Fawzran Al Rabiah Unofficial Translation 22 Um Al- Friday 22 Rabea al-Awwal 1440 A.H - 30 Decisions & Laws Um Al-Qura Qura November 2018 Year 96 Year 96, Vol. 4755 Executive Regulation of Tobacco Control Law Article 1: Law: This Law aims to control tobacco, by applying all the necessary procedures and steps in the State, society and individuals; reducing all forms of smoking habits at different ages.