Tobacco Use: a Smart Guide
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Drug Facts Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products
Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause smokes about 1 pack (25 cigarettes) daily of disease, disability, and death in the United gets 250 “hits” of nicotine each day. States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cigarette Upon entering the bloodstream, nicotine smoking results in more than 480,000 immediately stimulates the adrenal glands premature deaths in the United States each to release the hormone epinephrine year—about 1 in every 5 U.S. deaths—and an (adrenaline). Epinephrine stimulates the additional 16 million people suffer with a central nervous system and increases blood serious illness caused by smoking. In fact, for pressure, respiration, and heart rate. every one person who dies from smoking, about 30 more suffer from at least one Similar to other addictive drugs like cocaine serious tobacco-related illness.1 and heroin, nicotine increases levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which affects The harmful effects of smoking extend far the brain pathways that control reward and beyond the smoker. Exposure to secondhand pleasure. For many tobacco users, long- smoke can cause serious diseases and death. term brain changes induced by continued Each year, an estimated 88 million nicotine exposure result in addiction—a nonsmoking Americans are regularly exposed condition of compulsive drug seeking and to secondhand smoke and almost 41,000 use, even in the face of negative nonsmokers die from diseases caused by consequences. Studies suggest that secondhand smoke exposure.1,2 additional compounds in tobacco smoke, such as acetaldehyde, may enhance How Does Tobacco Affect the Brain? nicotine’s effects on the brain.3 Cigarettes and other forms of tobacco— When an addicted user tries to quit, he or including cigars, pipe tobacco, snuff, and she experiences withdrawal symptoms chewing tobacco—contain the addictive including irritability, attention difficulties, drug nicotine. -
Harm Reduction Journal Biomed Central
Harm Reduction Journal BioMed Central Research Open Access My first time: initiation into injecting drug use in Manipur and Nagaland, north-east India Michelle Kermode*1, Verity Longleng2, Bangkim Chingsubam Singh2, Jane Hocking3, Biangtung Langkham2 and Nick Crofts1 Address: 1Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia, 2c/- Project ORCHID, CBCNEI Mission Compound, Guwahati, Assam, India and 3Key Centre for Women's Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia Email: Michelle Kermode* - [email protected]; Verity Longleng - [email protected]; Bangkim Chingsubam Singh - [email protected]; Jane Hocking - [email protected]; Biangtung Langkham - [email protected]; Nick Crofts - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 5 December 2007 Received: 3 July 2007 Accepted: 5 December 2007 Harm Reduction Journal 2007, 4:19 doi:10.1186/1477-7517-4-19 This article is available from: http://www.harmreductionjournal.com/content/4/1/19 © 2007 Kermode et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: The north-east Indian states of Manipur and Nagaland are two of the six high HIV prevalence states in the country, and the main route of HIV transmission is injecting drug use. Understanding the pathways to injecting drug use can facilitate early intervention with HIV prevention programs. While several studies of initiation into injecting drug use have been conducted in developed countries, little is known about the situation in developing country settings. -
Immediate Effect of Tobacco Chewing in the Form of 'Paan'
April-June 1988 Ind. J. Physiol. Pharmac. e and high altitude stress on humans. behaviour and pituitary adrenal axis IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF TOBACCO CHEWING IN THE FORM of corticosteroids in lactating goats OF 'PAAN' ON CERTAIN CARDIO-RESPIRATORY PARAMETERS r lactating rats : Parallel changes P. K. NANDA AND M. M. SHARMA I-hydroxy corticosteroids in human Department of Physiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla - 171 001 on serum transaminase and lactic of Physiological Sciences, New Delhi (Received on May 17, 1987 ) ofstress on serum enzyme levels in Summary: Immediate effect of tobacco in the form of chewing was evaluated in 40 healthy males (mean age 26.27 yrs.) not habituated to tobacco, who were given paan containing 200 mg of of drug metabolizing enzymes and tobacco to chew (group T). Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), forced vital capacity (FVC), nal stress, Ind. J. Med, Res., 83 : FEV} and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were measured twice for each subject, once before chewing and again immediately after completion of chewing. Another 24 age and sex matched ry and clearace in sheep before and controls (group C) were given paan without tobacco to chew and cardiorespiratory parameters 1970. were recorded as for group T subjects. Electrocardiography was recorded in lO group T and 10 ase Process" Ed. J. M. Raamsey , group C subjects. Effect of tobacco chewing was also evaluated in 10 habitual tobacco chewers. Results showed statistically significant increments in HR and BP as well as a decline in T wave of serum Glutamic oxalacetic and amplitude in ECG following tobacco chewing (group T subjects). -
IMS Data Reference Tables
IMS REFERENCE DATA – VERSION 1.7 TABLES 1. Substance .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2 2. Local Authority ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6 3. Drug Action Team (DAT) ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 4. Nationality ........................................................................................................................................................................... 17 5. Ethnicity ............................................................................................................................................................................... 22 6. Sexual Orientation ............................................................................................................................................................... 22 7. Religion or Belief .................................................................................................................................................................. 22 8. Employment Status .............................................................................................................................................................. 23 9. Accommodation Status -
OCTOBER 2019 Network Bulletin an Important Message from Unitedhealthcare to Health Care Professionals and Facilities
OCTOBER 2019 network bulletin An important message from UnitedHealthcare to health care professionals and facilities. Enter UnitedHealthcare respects the expertise of the physicians, health care professionals and their staff who participate in our network. Our goal is to support you and your patients in making the most informed decisions regarding the choice of quality and cost-effective care, and to support practice staff with a simple and predictable administrative experience. The Network Bulletin was developed to share important updates regarding UnitedHealthcare procedure and policy changes, as well as other useful administrative and clinical information. Where information in this bulletin conflicts with applicable state and/or federal law, UnitedHealthcare follows such applicable federal and/or state law. UnitedHealthcare Network Bulletin October 2019 Table of Contents Front & Center PAGE 3 Stay up to date with the latest news and information. UnitedHealthcare Commercial PAGE 22 Learn about program revisions and requirement updates. UnitedHealthcare Community Plan PAGE 29 Learn about Medicaid coverage changes and updates. UnitedHealthcare Medicare Advantage PAGE 35 Learn about Medicare policy, reimbursement and guideline changes. UnitedHealthcare Affiliates PAGE 37 Learn about updates with our company partners. PREV NEXT 2 | For more information, call 877-842-3210 or visit UHCprovider.com. UnitedHealthcare Network Bulletin October 2019 Table of Contents Front & Center Stay up to date with the latest news and information. Smart Edits Help Speed Up Radiology Program Outpatient Injectable Your Claims Cycle Procedure Code Changes Chemotherapy and Our Smart Edits claims tool catches Effective Jan. 1, 2020, Related Cancer Therapies errors and gives you an opportunity UnitedHealthcare will update Prior Authorization/ to resolve and resubmit a claim the procedure code list for the Notification Updates before it enters the claims cycle. -
Bacterial Contamination of Packaged Smokeless Tobacco Sold in India
Research Paper Tobacco Prevention & Cessation Bacterial contamination of packaged smokeless tobacco sold in India Rashmi Mehra1, Vikrant Mohanty1, Aswini Y. Balappanavar1, Shivam Kapoor1 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION About 21.4% of India’s population uses smokeless tobacco products (SLT), yet limited data are available on their microbial contamination. To AFFILIATION understand the potential microbiological risks associated with SLT use, the 1 Department of Public Health present study aims to investigate bacterial contamination of tobacco and the Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, types of microbes that could be cultured from SLT products. India METHODS Twenty-two brands of SLT products, including paan masala, khaini, gutka and tobacco-containing dentifrices were examined and cultured by using CORRESPONDENCE TO Rashmi Mehra. Department of appropriate selective and differential media including MacConkey agar and CLED Public Health Dentistry, Maulana agar. This was followed by a sequence of further identification by biochemical Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India. tests. E-mail: [email protected] RESULTS All 22 types of SLT products showed growth of aerobic bacteria. The most KEYWORDS common bacteria isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by Streptococcus contamination, bacteria, faecalis. Other bacteria that were isolated from products, in traces, included toxicology, smokeless tobacco, Klebsiella spp., E. coli, and Bacillus subtilus. tobacco constituents CONCLUSIONS This study raises and -
List of Middle School Summary Tables
Healthy Kids Colorado Survey - Middle School List of Summary Tables Safety Page Among students who ride a bicycle, the percentage who never or rarely wear a bicycle helmet 1 Percentage of students who never/rarely wear a seat belt while riding in a car 2 Percentage of students who ever rode in a car driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol 3 Violence Percentage of students who ever carried a weapon 4 Percentage of students who have ever been in a physical fight 5 Bullying Percentage of students who had ever been bullied on school property 6 Percentage of students who had ever been electronically bullied 7 Mental Health Percentage of students who felt so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that they stopped doing some usual activities during the past 12 months 8 Percentage of students who ever seriously thought about killing themselves 9 Percentage of students who ever made a plan about how they would kill themselves 10 Percentage of students who ever tried to kill themselves 11 Tobacco Use Percentage of students who ever tried cigarette smoking, even one or two puffs 12 Percentage of students who had their first whole cigarette before the age of 11 13 Percentage of students who smoked cigarettes on one or more of the past 30 days 14 Percentage of students who smoked cigarettes on 20 or more of the past 30 days 15 Percentage of students who smoked cigarettes or cigars, used chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip on one or more of past 30 days 16 Among students who reported current cigarette use, the percentage -
Opioid Prescriber Reference Guide
Community Plan of Pennsylvania (Medicaid) Quick reference guide Opioid overutilization prevention and opioid use disorder treatment programs for UnitedHealthcare Community Plan of Pennsylvania (Medicaid) In response to the U.S. opioid epidemic, we’ve developed programs to help our members receive the care and treatment they need in safe and effective ways. We’ve based our measures on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) opioid treatment guidelines to help prevent overuse of short-acting and long-acting opioid medications. Please use this quick reference guide to learn more about what we offer. Concurrent Drug Utilization Review (cDUR) programs The cDUR program uses the pharmacy claims processing system to screen all prescriptions at the point of service and checks for possible inappropriate drug prescribing and utilization, as well as potentially dangerous medical implications or drug interactions. The program includes communication to the dispensing pharmacy at point-of-service through claims edits and messaging to the dispensing pharmacy at point of service. The pharmacist will need to address the clinical situation at the point of sale before entering appropriate National Council for Prescription Drug Programs (NCPDP) codes to receive an approved claim, unless otherwise stated below. • Combination opioids plus acetaminophen (APAP) limit THERDOSE Acetaminophen • Prevents doses of APAP greater than 4 grams per day Duplicate Therapy – • Alerts to concurrent use of multiple SAOs Short-Acting Opioids (SAOs) Duplicate Therapy -
Does Areca Nut Use Lead to Dependence? Vivek Benegal ∗, Ravi P
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Drug and Alcohol Dependence 97 (2008) 114–121 Does areca nut use lead to dependence? Vivek Benegal ∗, Ravi P. Rajkumar, Kesavan Muralidharan Deaddiction Centre, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India Received 14 February 2007; received in revised form 24 March 2008; accepted 24 March 2008 Available online 19 May 2008 Abstract Background: The areca nut is consumed by approximately 10% of the world’s population, and its consumption is associated with long-term health risks, with or without tobacco additives. However, it is not known whether its use is associated with a dependence syndrome, as is seen with other psychoactive substances. Objective: To examine whether areca nut usage (with or without tobacco additives) could lead to the development of a dependence syndrome. Methods: Three groups: [a] persons using areca nut preparations without tobacco additives [n = 98]; [b] persons using areca nut preparations with tobacco additives [n = 44]; and [c] ‘Non-users’ were systematically assessed using a checklist for the use of areca or areca + tobacco products, patterns of use, presence of a dependence syndrome in users, features of stimulant withdrawal and desired/beneficial effects. -
Decision of the Minister of Health No. 1853515 on Approval of The
Unofficial Translation 22 Um Al- Friday 22 Rabea al-Awwal 1440 A.H - 30 Decisions & Laws Um Al-Qura Qura November 2018 Year 96 Year 96, Vol. 4755 [logo] Ministry of Health Decisions of the Ministry of Health Decision of the Minister of Health No. 1853515 on 29/12/ 1439 AH Approval on the Amendment of the Executive Regulation of Tobacco Control Law The Minister of Health, According to the authorities vested in him; After reviewing the Tobacco Law issued by the Royal Decree No. (M/56) on 28/07/1436 A.H; After reviewing Article 19 of Clause 1 of the Executive Regulation of Tobacco Control Law, which set forth that "The Ministry of Health reviews the Regulation one year from its enforcement and amends the same as it may requires". And as dictated by the public interest. Decided that: First: Approve the amendment to the Executive Regulation of Tobacco Control Law according to the form attached herewith: Second: This Regulation shall be published in the Official Gazette and on the Minister website and shall be put into force as of the date of its publication. Respectfully, Minister of Health Tawfiq bin Fawzran Al Rabiah Unofficial Translation 22 Um Al- Friday 22 Rabea al-Awwal 1440 A.H - 30 Decisions & Laws Um Al-Qura Qura November 2018 Year 96 Year 96, Vol. 4755 Executive Regulation of Tobacco Control Law Article 1: Law: This Law aims to control tobacco, by applying all the necessary procedures and steps in the State, society and individuals; reducing all forms of smoking habits at different ages. -
Regulation of Flavoured Smokeless Tobacco in the South-East Asia Region ISBN: 978-92-9022-631-4
Regulation of flavoured smokeless tobacco in the South-East Asia Region March 2017 Regulation of flavoured smokeless tobacco in the South-East Asia Region ISBN: 978-92-9022-631-4 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO license (CC BY- NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this license, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons license. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the license shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Regulation of flavoured smokeless tobacco in the South-East Asia Region. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2018. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. -
Anthropology of Tobacco
Anthropology of Tobacco Tobacco has become one of the most widely used and traded commodities on the planet. Reflecting contemporary anthropological interest in material culture studies, Anthropology of Tobacco makes the plant the centre of its own contentious, global story in which, instead of a passive commodity, tobacco becomes a powerful player in a global adventure involving people, corporations and public health. Bringing together a range of perspectives from the social and natural sciences as well as the arts and humanities, Anthropology of Tobacco weaves stories together from a range of historical, cross-cultural and literary sources and empirical research. These combine with contemporary anthropological theories of agency and cross-species relationships to offer fresh perspectives on how an apparently humble plant has progressed to world domination, and the consequences of it having done so. It also considers what needs to happen if, as some public health advocates would have it, we are seriously to imagine ‘a world without tobacco’. This book presents students, scholars and practitioners in anthropology, public health and social policy with unique and multiple perspectives on tobacco-human relations. Andrew Russell is Associate Professor in Anthropology at Durham University, UK, where he is a member of the Anthropology of Health Research Group. His research and teaching spans the sciences, arts and humanities, and mixes both theoretical and applied aspects. He has conducted research in Nepal, the UK and worldwide. Earlier books include The Social Basis of Medicine, which won the British Medical Association’s student textbook of the year award in 2010, and a number of edited volumes, the latest of which (co-edited with Elizabeth Rahman) is The Master Plant: Tobacco in Lowland South America.