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The Entrenchment of Sinhalese Nationalism in Post-War Sri Lanka by Anne Gaul
An Opportunity Lost The Entrenchment of Sinhalese Nationalism in Post-war Sri Lanka by Anne Gaul Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervised by: Dr. Andrew Shorten Submitted to the University of Limerick, November 2016 Abstract This research studies the trajectory of Sinhalese nationalism during the presidency of Mahinda Rajapaksa from 2005 to 2015. The role of nationalism in the protracted conflict between Sinhalese and Tamils is well understood, but the defeat of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in 2009 has changed the framework within which both Sinhalese and Tamil nationalism operated. With speculations about the future of nationalism abound, this research set out to address the question of how the end of the war has affected Sinhalese nationalism, which remains closely linked to politics in the country. It employs a discourse analytical framework to compare the construction of Sinhalese nationalism in official documents produced by Rajapaksa and his government before and after 2009. A special focus of this research is how through their particular constructions and representations of Sinhalese nationalism these discourses help to reproduce power relations before and after the end of the war. It argues that, despite Rajapaksa’s vociferous proclamations of a ‘new patriotism’ promising a united nation without minorities, he and his government have used the momentum of the defeat of the Tamil Tigers to entrench their position by continuing to mobilise an exclusive nationalism and promoting the revival of a Sinhalese-dominated nation. The analysis of history textbooks, presidential rhetoric and documentary films provides a contemporary empirical account of the discursive construction of the core dimensions of Sinhalese nationalist ideology. -
Colombo Final Plot Final
U.S. Department of State Overseas Building Office Makayla Bellamy University of Virginia School of Architecture Juwan Palmer Felix Yizhou Li Systems, Sites and Building, Fall 2014 Colombo, Sri Lanka is the largest urban city on the island just off of the southern coast of India. The island has a history of immigration, trade, and colonial invasion, providing the city with a diverse variety of ethnic groups, languages, and religions. While the largest religion on the island is Buddhism, there is a large collections of Tamils and Muslims. The topography of Sri Lanka is classified into two regions; the dry-zone that stretches from north to southeast, and the wet-zone that stretches from west to south. The dry highlands consist of a variety of temples and man-made lakes, while the dry lowlands are preferred farmland. The wetlands consist of sites preferable for fishing, and tourist attracting beaches. This is where Colombo is located. The construction of Sri Lanka was based off of a hierarchical system, in which only buildings of high elite were designed to maintain permanence. This left many ruins throughout the island that are representative of this elite system. The architecture current- ly is mainly religious, and because of the high religious diversity, there is a diverse architectural landscape. Around the island, there is a large percentage of the poor that live in mud and thatched roof houses using designs that date back to ancient times. In Colombo however, there is a high percentage of lower middle class, most of which prefer white washed cements houses with polished cement floors. -
Highlights of Sri Lanka
1 Highlights of Sri Lanka Classic Tour│14 Days│ Physical Level 2 Negombo – Sigiriya – Kandy – Nuwara Eliya – Yala National Park – Ahungalla – Colombo Marvel at magnificent temples, see the World Heritage Rock Fortress at Sigiriya, search for elephants and other wild animals at Yala National Park, discover the fascinating caves at Dambulla and explore the ruined cities of Polonnaruwa and Anuradhapura. ▪ Climb the spectacular rock fortress of Sigiriya ▪ Explore the ruins of medieval Polonnaruwa ▪ Visit Kandy’s sacred temple ▪ Safari with elephants in the national park ▪ Wander the historic city of Colombo To book call 1300 727 998 or visit your local travel agent Visit wendywutours.com.au 2 Highlights of Sri Lanka Tour Inclusions: ▪ Return international economy flights, taxes and current fuel surcharges (unless a ‘land only’ option is selected) ▪ All accommodation ▪ All meals ▪ All sightseeing and entrance fees ▪ All transportation and transfers ▪ English-speaking Local Guide (if your group is 10 or more passengers) ▪ Visa fees for Australian passport holders ▪ Specialist advice from our experienced travel consultants ▪ Comprehensive travel guides The only things you may have to pay for are personal expenditure e.g. drinks, optional excursions or shows, meals not stated in the itinerary, insurance of any kind, customary tipping and early check in or late-check-out. These are all payable locally. Classic Tours: These tours are designed for those who wish to see the iconic sites and magnificent treasures of Sri Lanka on an excellent value group tour whilst travelling with like-minded people. The tours are on a fully inclusive basis, so you’ll travel with the assurance that all your arrangements are taken care of. -
Arahant Mahinda - Redactor of the Buddhapåjàva in Sinhala Buddhism
Arahant Mahinda - Redactor of the Buddhapåjàva in Sinhala Buddhism This study seeks to establish that Arahant Mahinda, who introduced the Buddhadhamma to Sri Lanka, is the Redactor of the Buddhapåjàva in Sinhala Buddhism. The Sãla Trio – Pa¤ca-, Aññhangika- and Dasa-Sãla, is also found to emerge in the same process. The launch date has been determined to be the full moon day of Kattika in the year 247 BCE, i.e., 2260 years ago (current year: Oct. 1, 2012), or even more likely, 42 days prior to that (parallel: Aug. 18, 2012). By the same Author Buddhism (selected) “‘Asoulity’ as Translation of Anattà: Absence, not Negation”, Canadian Journal of Buddhist Studies (7), 2011, 101-134. Rebirth as Empirical Basis for the Buddha’s Four Noble Truths, Sumeru, 2010. “ ‘Against Belief’: Mindfulness Meditation (satipaññàna bhàvanà) as Empirical Method”, Canadian Journal of Buddhist Studies (5), 2009, 59 - 96. “Inherited Buddhists and Acquired Buddhists”, 2006, Canadian Journal of Buddhist Studies (2), 2009, 103 - 141. Embryo as Person: Buddhism, Bioethics and Society, 2005, Toronto: Nalanda Publishing Canada. You’re What You Sense: Buddha on Mindbody, 2001; Dehiwala, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Cultural Centre. “Whole Body, not Heart, the Seat of Consciousness: the Buddha’s View,” Philosophy East and West, 45: 3 (1995): 409 - 430. Buddhist View of the Dead Body’, in Proceedings of the Transplantation Society, 22:3, 1990. ‘Buddhism in Metropolitan Toronto: a preliminary survey’, Canadian Ethnic Studies, xxi:2, 1989. Arahant Mahinda - Redactor of the Buddhapåjàva in Sinhala Buddhism with Pali Text, Translation and Analysis Suwanda H J Sugunasiri, PhD Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Sugunasiri, Suwanda H. -
CONTENTS Chapter Preface Introduction 1
CONTENTS Chapter Preface Introduction 1. Sri Lanka 2. Prehistoric Lanka; Ravana abducts Princess Sita from India.(15) 3 The Mahawamsa; The discovery of the Mahawamsa; Turnour's contribution................................ ( 17) 4 Indo-Aryan Migrations; The coming of Vijaya...........(22) 5. The First Two Sinhala Kings: Consecration of Vijaya; Panduvasudeva, Second king of Lanka; Princess Citta..........................(27) 6 Prince Pandukabhaya; His birth; His escape from soldiers sent to kill him; His training from Guru Pandula; Battle of Kalahanagara; Pandukabhaya at war with his uncles; Battle of Labu Gamaka; Anuradhapura - Ancient capital of Lanka.........................(30) 7 King Pandukabhaya; Introduction of Municipal administration and Public Works; Pandukabhaya’s contribution to irrigation; Basawakulama Tank; King Mutasiva................................(36) 8 King Devanampiyatissa; gifts to Emporer Asoka: Asoka’s great gift of the Buddhist Doctrine...................................................(39) 9 Buddhism established in Lanka; First Buddhist Ordination in Lanka around 247 BC; Mahinda visits the Palace; The first Religious presentation to the clergy and the Ordination of the first Sinhala Bhikkhus; The Thuparama Dagoba............................ ......(42) 10 Theri Sanghamitta arrives with Bo sapling; Sri Maha Bodhi; Issurumuniya; Tissa Weva in Anuradhapura.....................(46) 11 A Kingdom in Ruhuna: Mahanaga leaves the City; Tissaweva in Ruhuna. ...............................................................................(52) -
Ancient Kingdoms of Sri Lanka Welcome at Airport by Helanka
Ancient Kingdoms of Sri Lanka 05 Nights / 06 Days ` Welcome at Airport by Helanka Vacations Representative and transfer to Negombo. Negombo, situated by the shores of a lagoon which was once a trading port for Portuguese and Dutch. The economy of Negombo is mainly based on its centuries-old fishing industry, though it also produces cinnamon, ceramics, and brassware. Arrive and check into the Hotel in Negombo. Afternoon brief tour of Negombo. Start your city tour of Negombo by visiting the Dutch port, the canal, a Hindu Kovil, St. Mary’s church, the Angurukaramulla temple and the Negombo open and fish market. Overnight stay in Negombo. Breakfast at the Hotel. Thereafter proceed to Anuradhapura. Anuradhapura, the first capital of Sri Lanka and was named a world heritage site by UNESCO. Anuradhapura is now a picturesque city, filled with mystery and rich in Sinhalese culture. Arrive and check in to a Hotel in Anuradhapura. Evening visit the Mihintale Temple. Mihintale, a mountain peak near Anuradhapura, the site of a meeting between the Buddhist monk Mahinda and King Devanampiyatissa which inaugurated the presence of Buddhism in Sri Lanka. The stairway fleets upward through 1840 steps made of granite, leading to picturesque sceneries that can be viewed from the summit. Before commencing your climb, find the Vejja Sala; ruins of a hospital dating back to the 3rd century AD. Further, Kantaka Cetiya is situated on a portion of the rock not much higher from the base, it is one of the 1st religious monuments to be built in Sri Lanka resting at a height of 425 feet. -
Document English
$QXUDGKDSXUD$$$QXUDGKDSXUDQQXXUUDDGGKKDDSSXXUUDD 88UEDQ'HYHORSPHQW3ODQ8UEDQ'HYHORSPHQW3ODQ8UUEEDDQQ''HHYYHHOORRSSPPHHQQWW33OODDQQ 9ROXPH, 8UEDQ'HYHORSPHQW$XWKRULW\8UEDQ'HYHORSPHQW$XWKRULW\ 1RUWK&HQWUDO3URYLQFLDO2IILFH1RUWK&HQWUDO3URYLQFLDO2IILFH $$QXUDGKDSXUDQXUDGKDSXUD Anuradhapura Urban Area Development Plan (2019 - 2030) Anuradhapura Urban Development Plan Volume I 2019 - 2030 Urban Development Authority North Central Provincial Office Anuradhapura i Urban Development Authority – North Central Province office Anuradhapura Urban Area Development Plan (2019 - 2030) Anuradhapura Urban Development Plan Volume I Urban Development Authority 2019 - 2030 ii Urban Development Authority – North Central Province office Anuradhapura Urban Area Development Plan (2019 - 2030) Document Information Report Title : Anuradhapura Urban Development Plan Locational Boundary : Anuradhapura Urban Area Gazette No : Stakeholders : Local Resident of Anuradhapura Urban Area, Commuters and Relevant institutions Submission Date : Document Status : Final Report Author : Urban Development Authority – North Central Province Office Document Submission Information: Version No Details Date of Submission Approval for Issue 1 Draft 2 Draft While this report is issued by the authorized parties, it has to be used only for the objectives stated in the report. It is entirely forbidden to use the content of this report by other parties and also for other objectives. The authority will not bear the responsibility for the negative effects of use of the contents of the report for other objectives or by other parties. While this report contains confidential information, it becomes an intellectual property. It is completely forgotten to provide it to other parties without the approval of the authority. i iii Urban Development Authority – North Central Province office Anuradhapura Urban Area Development Plan (2019 - 2030) Honorable Minister’s forward 41 of 1978, the Urban Development Authority by now has completed 40 years of service contributing to planned urban development in Sri Lanka. -
Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
PARLIAMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA ANURADHAPURA JAYA SRI MAHA BODHI DEVELOPMENT FUND (INCORPORATION) ACT, No. 41 OF 2006 [Certified on 06th November, 2006] Printed on the Order of Government Published as a Supplement to Part II of the Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka of November 10, 2006 PRINTED AT THE DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, SRI LANKA TO BE PURCHASED AT THE GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS BUREAU, COLOMBO 1 Price : Rs. 21.50 Postage : Rs. 7.50 Anuradhapura Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 1 Development Fund (Incorporation) Act, No. 41 of 2006 [Certified on 06th November 2006] L. D. —O. 20/2004. AN ACT TO INCORPORATE THE ANURADHAPURA JAYA SRI MAHA BODHI DEVELOPMENT FUND WHEREAS a Fund called and known as the “Anuradhapura Preamble. Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi Development Fund” has heretofore been established for the purpose of effectively carrying out its objects and transacting all matters connected with the said Fund, in accordance with the rules agreed to by its members : AND WHEREAS the said Fund has heretofore successfully carried out and transacted the several objects and matters for which it was established and has applied to be incorporated and it will be for the public advantage to grant such application : BE it therefor enacted by the Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka as follows :— 1. This Act may be cited as the Anuradhapura Jaya Short title. Sri Maha Bodhi Development Fund (Incorporation) Act, No. 41 of 2006. 2. From and after the date of commencement of this Act, Incorporation of such and so many persons as now are members of the the “Anuradhapura Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi Development Fund” Anuradhapura Jaya Sri Maha (hereinafter referred to as “the Fund”) or shall herafter be Bodhi admitted as members of the Corporation hereby constituted Development (hereinafter referred to as the “Corporation”) shall be a body Fund. -
The Closest Bond 1 " One Who Lives by the Dhamma Is Protected by the Dhamma." -The Buddha Actvity 1 Act Out
The Closest Bond 1 " One who lives by the Dhamma is protected by the Dhamma." -The Buddha Actvity 1 Act Out It is the Poson Full Moon Poya day. The Chief Monk of the temple, Venerable Nanda is announcing the programme for the afternoon and the evening. Two devotees, Mr. Perera and Mr. Sirisena are at the temple listening to the announcements. PB For free distribution For free distribution 1 Announcer: May the Triple Gem bless all of you. It’s indeed a pleasure to see so many devotees gathered here. We've had some special programmes since this morning. For the afternoon, the Dhamma discussion will start at 2 o’ clock. Devotees who would like to attend this event, please proceed to the preaching hall. Mr. Sirisena : I’m attending the Dhamma discussion. How about you? Mr. Perera : I’ll be there too. I attended last month’s discussion. It was very good. I learnt many things. Mr. Sirisena : Unfortunately, I couldn’t come. I was away. Announcer: There will be a meditation programme conducted by the Most Venerable Attangalle Sumedha at 4 p.m. in the Bodhi terrace. Mr. Perera : An open air place is ideal for meditation. I hope it won’t rain. Mr. Sirisena : Not likely. The sky is clear. Announcer: The evening devotional service will be held from 6.30 to 7.30 p.m. and the Dhamma sermon delivered by Venerable Inamaluwe Rathana will start at 8 p.m. Mr. Sirisena : Well, I can’t stay for the devotional service but I will come back for the sermon. -
Art and Tradition of Sri Lanka Vol 11 Dance of Sri Lanka
ART AND TRADITION OF SRI LANKA VOL 11 DANCE OF SRI LANKA . ART AND TRADITION OF SRI LANKA VOL 11 DANCE OF SRI LANKA Dr. Priyanka Virajini Medagedara Karunaratne S. Godage & Brothers (Pvt) Ltd. Dedication First Edition : 2017 For my loving mother ART AND TRADITION OF SRI LANKA - VOL 11 Eminent agriculturist, creative idealist, who induced © Dr. Priyanka Virajini Medagedara Karunaratne creativity in my soul ISBN 978-955-30- Cover Design by: S. Godage & Brothers (Pvt) Ltd Page setting by: Nisha Weerasuriya Published by: S. Godage & Brothers (Pvt) Ltd. 661/665/675, P. de S. Kularatne Mawatha, Colombo 10, Sri Lanka. Printed by: Chathura Printers 69, Kumaradasa Place, Wellampitiya, Sri Lanka. Preface The Art Tradition of Sri Lanka volume II Dance of Sri Lanka is a unique piece of work. The page by page coverage is of the development of dance forms through Sri Lankan history sumptuous imagery and experts’ accessible guide to the dance tradition of the country. This will serve as a great text book for University students who involve in the appreciation of art traditions of Sri Lanka as well as academia. The use of forms of dance permeates every culture and tradition from the earliest times to the modern day. Combining aesthetic impact with cultural significance, the dance form adorns all types of surfaces from stone, wood and ivory and also covers some of areas of Buddhist and Hindu architectural sites. The Art Tradition of Sri Lanka Volume II dance of Sri Lanka reflects this ubiquity by presenting a biography of dance forms in a variety of forms – painted, architectural and carved dance forms are displayed in more forms. -
Anuradhapura Is a Major City in Sri Lanka
Anuradhapura is a major city in Sri Lanka. It is the capital city of North Central Province, Sri Lanka and the capital of Anuradhapura District. Anuradhapura Jethawanaramaya Dagoba The Jetavanaramaya is a stupa located in the ruins of Jetavana in the sacred world heritage city of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. Mahasena of Anuradhapura (273–301) initiated the construction of the stupa following the destruction of the mahavihara. His son Maghavanna I completed the construction of the stupa.[1] A part of a sash or belt tied by the Buddha is believed to be the relic that is enshrined here. Mirisawetiya Vihara The Mirisaveti Stupa is situated in the ancient city of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. King Dutugamunu built the Mirisaveti Stupa after defeating King Elara. Kuttam Pokuna One of the best specimen of bathing tanks or pools in ancient Sri Lanka is the pair of pools known as Kuttam Pokuna. The said pair of pools were built by the Sinhalese in the ancient kingdom of Anuradhapura. Isurumuniya Isurumuniya is a Buddhist temple situated near to the Tisawewa. There are four carvings of special interest in this Viharaya. They are the Isurumuniya Lovers, Elephant Pond and the Royal Family. Thuparamaya Thuparamaya is a dagoba in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. It is a Buddhist sacred place of veneration. Mahinda Thera, an envoy sent by King Ashoka himself introduced Theravada Buddhism and also chetiya worship to Sri Lanka. Abhayagiri dagoba Abhayagiri Vihāra was a major monastery site of Mahayana, Theravada and Vajrayana Buddhism that was situated in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. It is one of the most extensive ruins in the world and one of the most sacred Buddhist pilgrimage cities in the nation. -
Print This Article
Journal of Global Buddhism 2020, Vol.21 205–222 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4031015 www.globalbuddhism.org ISSN: 1527-6457 (online) © The author(s) Special Focus: Bad Buddhism This article illustrates how conversations on “good” and “bad” forms of Buddhism have taken place in Bangladesh since the 19th-century Theravāda reformation. First, in the process of purging prior Hindu and Tantric influences, second, with the introduction of Mahāyāna Buddhism through Risshō-Kōsei-kai; and, third, in responding to recent Buddhist extremism in Myanmar. The article also shows how “bad Buddhism”—for instance, Buddhist extremism in Myanmar—impacts Buddhists in other countries. For Bangladeshi Buddhists, claiming their identity and practices involves a process of both connecting with the “good” and distancing from the “bad.” Keywords: Bangladesh; Rissho-Kōshei Kai; Rohingya; global religion he Buddhist community forms a very small minority in Bangladesh, only approximately one percent of the total population of 160 million. Bangladeshi Buddhists mainly have been following Theravāda Buddhism, after a reformation initiated by the Arakanese Buddhist Tmonk Sāramedha Mahāthera and Buddhist priests of Chittagong, when Bangladesh was still a region of British India (Chakma 2011; Khan 2003; Chaudhuri 1982). Since the reformation movement began in 1856, the culture and practices of Bangladeshi Buddhists have been reshaped by many transnational influences. I argue in this paper that transnational connections have played a significant role in the formation of Bangladeshi Buddhist identity and practices, in the way they came to define “good” and “bad” forms of Buddhism. Bangladeshi Buddhists’ connections with Buddhists of other countries required them to be receptive to cultures and texts from outside which were then fused into the existing literary, geographical, economic, and political conditions of Bangladesh.