Zootaxa, Nomenclatural Changes in North American Phymatodes Mulsant
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Zootaxa 2448: 35–52 (2010) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2010 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Nomenclatural changes in North American Phymatodes Mulsant (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) IAN P. SWIFT1 & ANN M. RAY2 1California State Collection of Arthropods 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside 3401 Watkins Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The following nomenclatural changes to the genus Phymatodes Mulsant, 1839 are proposed: P. juglandis Leng, 1890 = P. decussatus (LeConte, 1857); P. mohavensis Linsley and Chemsak, 1963 = P. nitidus LeConte, 1874; P. lecontei Linsley, 1938 (a replacement name) = P. grandis Casey, 1912; P. oregonensis Chemsak, 1963 = P. nigrescens Hardy and Preece, 1927; P. blandus picipes Linsley, 1934 and P. blandus propinquus Linsley, 1934 = P. blandus (LeConte, 1859); P. hirtellus densipennis Casey, 1912 and P. ur sae Knull, 1940 = P. hirtellus (LeConte, 1873); P. decussatus australis Chemsak, 1963 and P. decussatus posticus Van Dyke, 1920 = P. obliquus Casey, 1891; P. frosti Casey, 1924, a valid name which has not previously been mentioned in the literature = P. dimidiatus (Kirby in Richardson, 1837); P. concolor Linsley, 1934 is afforded full species status; P. lividus (Rossi, 1794) is formally recorded as established in North America. A key and diagnoses for all native and introduced North American species are provided, which include the more recently described species, P. tyso ni Linsley and Chemsak, 1984, and P. s h a re e a e Cope, 1984, in addition to the introduced species P. l iv id us . Key words: Nearctic, Cerambycinae, Callidiini, longhorned beetle, wood borer, taxonomy Resumen Se proponen los siguientes cambios de nomenclatura al género Phymatodes Mulsant, 1839: P. juglandis Leng, 1890 = P. decussatus (LeConte, 1857); P. moh av ens is Linsley y Chemsak, 1963 = P. n i ti d u s LeConte, 1874; P. lecontei Linsley, 1938 (nombre de sustitución) = P. grandis Casey, 1912; P. oregonensis Chemsak, 1963 = P. nigrescens Hardy and Preece, 1927; P. blandus picipes Linsley, 1934 y P. blandus propinquus Linsley, 1934 = P. blandus (LeConte, 1859); P. hirtellus densipennis Casey, 1912 y P. ursae Knull, 1949 = P. hirtellus (LeConte, 1873); P. decussatus australis Chemsak, 1963 y P. decussatus posticus Van Dyke, 1929 = P. obliquus Casey, 1891; P. frosti Casey, 1924, un nombre válido que no se ha mencionado antes en la literatura = P. dimidiatus (Kirby en Richardson, 1837), P. concolor Linsley, 1934 se reconoce como especie, P. lividus (Rossi, 1794) es formalmente establecido en América del Norte. Se presentan una clave y diagnósticos para todas las especies nativas e introducidas de América del Norte, que incluyen las especies más recientemente descritas, P. t ys on i Linsley y Chemsak, 1984, y P. shareeae Cope, 1984, además de las especies introducidas P. lividus. Palabras Claves: Neártica, Cerambycinae, Callidiini, cerambícidos, barrenador de la madera, taxonomía Introduction The genus Phymatodes Mulsant is distributed throughout the Holarctic region (North America, Europe, and Asia) (Linsley 1964). As of this study, there are 26 species recognized in North America, the majority occurring in the western states and provinces. The biology is varied among the many species and common larval host plants include species in the genera Pinus (Pinaceae), Quercus (Fagaceae), Salix (Salicaceae), and Pseudotsuga (Pinaceae) (Linsley 1964, Linsley and Chemsak 1997). Adults may be collected from flowers, Accepted by Q. Wang: 3 Mar. 2010; published: 7 May 2010 35 beaten from host branches, taken at ultraviolet lights at night, or reared from infested wood (Linsley 1962). Recently, adults of several species have been collected in traps baited with "generic" male-produced volatile pheromones (for information about generic pheromones see Hanks et al. 2007). Members of the genus Phymatodes can be distinguished from other North American callidiines by their reduced metacoxae, subcylindrical body form, and generally by their smaller overall size. The genus Phymatodes was most recently reviewed by E.G. Linsley in The Cerambycidae of North America (Linsley 1959, 1964). In the intervening years, many additional specimens have accumulated in museums and other collections. In light of the new material available for study, it seems prudent to reexamine some of the species hypotheses proposed by Linsley and other authors. Early authors often did not examine type specimens when describing new species, relying instead on written descriptions to compare taxa (see Linsley 1964). In addition, many species were described from one or very few specimens (Leng 1890, Van Dyke 1937). This has led to errors (see Linsley 1964), and after examining type material of some Phymatodes species, we have determined that some synonymies are clearly present. This is the second in a series of studies reexamining the taxonomy of North American Cerambycidae (see Swift and Ray 2008). In the present study, we propose only taxonomic changes, and no new species are described. Specimens of Phymatodes examined for this study were based on the following collections: BMNH (British Museum of Natural History, London, England) CSCA (California State Collection of Arthropods, Sacramento, CA, USA); CASC (California Academy of Sciences Collection, San Francisco, CA, USA); CNC (Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada); EMEC (Essig Museum of Entomology Collection, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA); ISPC (Ian Swift Private Collection, Discovery Bay, CA, USA); JCPC (Jim Cope Private Collection, San Jose, CA USA); LACM (Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Collection, Los Angeles, CA, USA); FMNH (Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA); HMUG (Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow, Scotland); MCZC (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA); NHRS (Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden); RAPC (Ron Alten Private Collection, Alta Loma, CA, USA); SDMC (San Diego Museum of Natural History, San Diego, CA, USA); SIIS (Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences, Staten Island, New York, USA); USNM (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA). Species accounts Phymatodes aeneus LeConte (Fig. 1) Phymatodes aeneus LeConte, 1854:18. Type locality: Between Fort Vancouver and Yokolt Plain, Oregon Territory, USA. MCZC Callidium aeneum, LeConte, 1857:60 The intensely glossy blue sheen of the elytra, femora, and pronotum will immediately distinguish it among western US species. Among eastern US species, it appears most similar to P. aereus, but P. aeneus can be separated again by the glossy integument; sparsely, finely punctate elytra with longer, sparse, erect setae; as well as having antennomere II less than one-half the length of III, and IV less than the length of III. Specimens examined: 25, including the type of P. aeneus Phymatodes aereus (Newman) (Fig. 2) Callidium aereum Newman, 1838:393. Type locality: North America. BMNH Phymatodes aereus, LeConte, 1850:33 Callidium pallipes Haldeman, 1847:37. Type locality: Pennsylvania, USA. MCZC 36 · Zootaxa 2448 © 2010 Magnolia Press SWIFT & RAY PLATE 1. 1) Phymatodes aeneus, male; 2) P. aereus, female; 3) P. amoenus, female; 4) P. amoenus, female ventral; 5) P. ater, female; 6) P. ater, female; 7) P. blandus, male; 8) P. concolor, male; 9) P. decussatus, male. PHYMATODES NOMENCLATURE Zootaxa 2448 © 2010 Magnolia Press · 37 PLATE 2. 10) Phymatodes dimidiatus, male; 11) P. dimidiatus, male; 12) P. fulgidus, paratype female; 13) P. grandis, male; 14) P. hirtellus, male; 15) P. hirtellus, female; 16) P. hirtellus, female; 17) P. infuscatus, male; 18) P. lengi, female. 38 · Zootaxa 2448 © 2010 Magnolia Press SWIFT & RAY PLATE 3. 19) Phymatodes lengi, female ventral; 20) P. lividus, male; 21) P. maculicollis, male; 22) P. nigerriumus, male; 23) P. nigrescens, male; 24) P. nigrescens, male; 25) P. nitidus, male; 26) P. obliquus, male; 27) P. obliquus, male. PHYMATODES NOMENCLATURE Zootaxa 2448 © 2010 Magnolia Press · 39 PLATE 4. 28) Phymatodes rainieri, holotype female; 29) P. shareeae, paratype male; 30) P. testaceus, female; 31) P. tysoni, paratype female; 32) P. varius, male; 33) P. varius, female; 34) P. vilitatis, male; 35) P. vulneratus, male; 36) Scanning electron micrograph of P. decussatus, male prothorax and head; 37) P. decussatus, female prothorax and head. 40 · Zootaxa 2448 © 2010 Magnolia Press SWIFT & RAY This species occurs in the eastern US, where it is distinctive within its range. Among all North American species, it is most similar to P. aeneus which occurs along the west coast. See the discussion of P. aeneus. Specimens examined: 156 Phymatodes amoenus (Say) (Figs 3, 4) Say, 1824:413. Type locality: Arkansas River, USA. MCZC This species closely resembles P. l en gi, as well as P. blandus. Linsley (1964) lists the robust form; shorter, explanate elytra; robust tarsi; longer antennomere II; and orange abdomen as the primary differences separating it from P. lengi. Of these characters, however, only the abdominal coloration is distinctive. The pronotum of P. le n gi is as wide as long, while that of P. amoenus is one and one-fourth times wider than long. Caution must be exercised, however, in comparing pronota among Phymatodes species as there is considerable sexual dimorphism in most species groups. Comparison between