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Masarykova Univerzita, Fakulta Sociálních Studií Inside Masarykova univerzita, Fakulta sociálních studií Inside Hudebnívideo:charakteristikažánrua praktickývýstup (Bakalářská práce) MartinLošťák Brno2007 1 Čestné prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto bakálářskou práci vypracoval samostatně s použitím pramenů a literaturyuvedenévbibliografii. VBrně,28.5.2007 2 Na tomto místě chci poděkovat panu Mgr. Davidu Kořínkovi za vedení práce, podnětné myšlenkya přátelskouatmosféru.Velkýdíktaké patří všem přátelům,známým a fanouškům bez jejichž podpory bytato práce nikdynemohla vznikout.Nejvděčnější jsem ovšemsvérodiněza láskua podporuvtěžkýchchvílích. 3 Anotace Práce se zabývá videoklipem na dvouúrovních.První část je snahouo teoretické uchopení tématu, jak skrze reflexi historického vývoje tak pomocí vytvoření kategorizace, dokumentované na konkrétních příkladech z praxe. Kategorizace pomáhá jednotlivé díla charakterizovat a může sloužit jakozákladprojejichdalší studium.Druhým cílem práce je vytvoření praktickéhopříkladua reflexe celéhoprocesutvorby.Odpůvodníhonápadu,přes problémys realizací spojené až po konečnoupostprodukci,která dala vznikout finální podobě díla. Anottation The paper deals withthe theme of a music videointwolevels.The first part is anattemp to cover the topic theoretically through the reflexion of historical development and cathegorization of music videos demonstrated on particular examples. The cathegorization helps tospecifythe characteristics featuredinthe individual works andmay serve as a basis totheir further studies.The secondaim of mypaper is tocreate a practical example anda reflexion of the whole process of making it, from the original idea including problems connected withthe veryrealizationandthe editingprocess, whichledto the final versionof thework. 4 Anotace.....…........................................................................ 4 1 Úvod…............................................................................... 7 2 Historie............................................................................... 9 2.1 Ranné počátky............................................................................................... 9 2.2 Hudební filmy................................................................................................. 11 2.3 Moderní videoklip....................................................................................…... 14 2.4 Televizní Show............................................................................................... 16 2.5 80. léta …........................................................................................................ 18 2.6 MTV …............................................................................................................. 19 2.7 Óčko................................................................................................................ 20 2.8 Internet........................................................................................................... 21 2.9 YouTube......................................................................................................... 21 3 Kategorizace..................................................................... 22 3.1 Záznam koncertu........................................................................................... 22 3.2 Koncertní stylizace........................................................................................ 25 3.3 Příběh.............................................................................................................. 28 3.4 Interpret středem zájmu................................................................................ 30 3.5 Abstraktní....................................................................................................... 32 3.6 Soundtrackové............................................................................................... 34 3.7 Animované...................................................................................................... 36 3.8 Kombinované................................................................................................. 38 4 Hudební video – realizace projektu................................ 41 4.1 Původní námět............................................................................................... 41 4.2 Konečná podoba námětu.............................................................................. 43 4.3 Symboly, metafory a jejich možné interpretace......................................... 45 5 5 Příprava............................................................................. 49 5.1 Teoretická příprava........................................................................................ 49 5.2 Praktická příprava.......................................................................................... 50 6 Natáčení............................................................................ 51 7 Střih a postprodukce....................................................... 52 7.1 Střih................................................................................................................. 52 8 Kamera............................................................................... 54 9 Efekty................................................................................. 56 9.1 Mechanické efekty......................................................................................... 56 9.2 Postprodukční efekty.................................................................................... 57 10 Závěr................................................................................ 59 Použité zdroje a literatura................................................... 61 Knihy..................................................................................................................... 61 Internet.................................................................................................................. 61 Seznam obrázků................................................................... 62 Přílohy................................................................................... 63 6 1 Úvod Hudební video, videoklip, promo, či jen klip. Všechny tyto pojmy označují krátký film, či video,jenž doprovází jedenkompletní hudební kus.Za poslední dvě dekádydošlokobrovské popularizaci a rozšíření tohotomédia.Převážně díkyMTV se z videoklipustal fenoném,jenž se postupně rozšířil doceléhosvěta.Dnes je již běžné,že téměř každá kapela,nebointerpret ke svým písním natáčí videoklipy. A to se netýká jen hudebních těles zaštítěných velkými nahrávacími společnostmi. S nástupem tzv.„Nové vlny“ a kultury„doit yourself“ se médium hudebníhovidea rožšírilosnaddovšechhudebníchžánrůa vsoučasnosti již není vpodstatě pro kohokoliv problém natočit vlastní klip. Žánr se díky tomuto masovému rozšíření začal značně rozmělňovat a dnes již není příliš jasné co je vlastně ještě hudební video (velmi oblíbené je spojení videa vytvořenéhoz japonskýchanimé seriálůzkombinovanýchs různými písněmi).V této práci se ovšem spíše než těmtookrajovým žánrům,které už s videoklipem takjakjej zde chápunemají příliš společného,věnuji klasické podobě hudebníhovidea,jenž vzniklaněkdykolem80.letminuléhostoletí. Cílem této práce není reflektovat celou problematiku hudebního videa. Spíše je jen snahou o lehký náhled do tématu, který může sloužit jako podnětem pro další, hlubší studium. Kompromisní je práce také vtom,že stojí někde na pomezí mezi prací teoretickou a praktickou.Prvním nosným tématem,jemuž se věnuji je historie vývoje videoklipu.Počátky vznikuvideoklipuvidím vdobách, kdyexperimentys obrazem a zvukem neměli s naší dnešní představou o hudebním videu nic společného. Následný vývoj ovšem značným způsobem ovlivnily a pomohly jej nasměrovat k naší dnešní představě o videoklipu. Kromě výčtu důležitýchdat a jmenje mousnahouna několika významnýchdílechté dobyukázat způsob jakým se způsob produkce a náhledna hudební videoměnil.Samozřejmě není možné úplně vynechat dva největší fenomény,jenž jsoudnes s videoklipem spojovány.Konečné stránky věnujícísehistoriivývoje jsouprotověnoványMTVaYouTube. Mým vlastním příspěvkem ktématuje vytvoření kategorizace videoklipu.Na základě vlastního pozorování jsem se pokusil vytvořit teoretické „škatulky“, do kterých je možné jednotlivéklipyvzhledemkjejichvizuálnímuzpracovánířadit. Celá moje teoretická práce mi potom měla sloužit jako základ pro ztvárnění praktickéhovýstupu,jímž je hudební video promoji kapelu Hechitera. Další část práce tedy 7 kompletněrefletkuje celýprocestvorbysesnahouinterpretovat použité výrazové prostředkya postupy. 8 2 Historie 2.1Rannépočátky Úplně prvním tvůrcem, který si začal pohrávat s myšlenkou spojování muziky avizuální stránky byl Alexandr Scrabin. Inspirovaný stavem zvaným „synesthesia“ (dva nebo více lidských smyslůse spojují dohromady) začal experimentovat se spojením jednotlivýchtónů surčitými barvami. Jeho práce měla vyústit velkým opusem nazvaným Mystérium, což vlastně mohla být první multimediální performance.Scrabin se snažil o spojení: hudby,čichu, tance a světla. Dílo na kterém pracoval od roku 1903 ovšem zůstalo nedokončeno, jelikož Scrabinvroce1915zemřel. Nešlo však o jeho ojedinělý pokus na tomto poli. Do historie se zapsal i díky kusu nazvaném: Prometheus: The Poem of Fire.Tentoopus obsahuje část napsanoupro "clavier à lumières“ (hudební nástroj, který Scrabin vynalezl – klavír, kde noty korespondovaly s barvami).Hrálose na něj jakona piáno,ale spíše než na hudbubyl kladendůraz na barevné světlo,které bylovkoncertníhale promítánona plátno. Toovšem s videoklipem
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