Beyond Isabella Secular Women Patrons of Art in Renaissance Italy

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Beyond Isabella Secular Women Patrons of Art in Renaissance Italy INTRODUCTION: RECOGNIZING NEW PATRONS, POSING NEW QUESTIONS iii Beyond Isabella Secular Women Patrons of Art in Renaissance Italy Edited by Sheryl E. Reiss and David G. Wilkins Sixteenth Century Essays & Studies Volume LIV Truman State University Press BEYOND ISABELLA: SECULAR WOMEN PATRONS OF ART IN RENAISSANCE ITALY Isabella FM Final Pages 3 5/18/01, 6:34 PM iv INTRODUCTION: RECOGNIZING NEW PATRONS, POSING NEW QUESTIONS Copyright © 2001 Truman State University Press Kirksville, Missouri 63501 All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Beyond Isabella: secular women patrons of art in Renaissance Italy / edited by Sheryl E. Reiss and David G. Wilkins. p. cm. – (Sixteenth century essays and studies ; 54) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-943549-78-7 (cloth) – ISBN 0-943549-88-4 (pbk.), v. 54 1. Women art patrons—Italy. 2. Art patronage—Italy—History. 3. Art, Italian. 4. Art, Renaissance—Italy. I. Reiss, Sheryl E. II. Wilkins, David G. III. Sixteenth century essays & studies ; 54. N5273 .B47 2000 707’.9’45—dc21 00-046674 Text is set in New Caledonia Cover design: Teresa Wheeler Book design: David Alcorn, Alcorn Publication Design, Graeagle, California No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any format by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The paper in this publication meets or exceeds the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48 (1984). BEYOND ISABELLA: SECULAR WOMEN PATRONS OF ART IN RENAISSANCE ITALY Isabella FM Final Pages 4 5/18/01, 6:34 PM INTRODUCTION: RECOGNIZING NEW PATRONS, POSING NEW QUESTIONS vii Contents Illustrations viii Prologue xv Acknowledgments xxi Frequently Cited Sources and Abbreviations xxii Introduction: Recognizing New Patrons, Posing New Questions 1 David G. Wilkins Fina da Carrara, née Buzzacarini: Consort, Mother, and Patron of Art 19 in Trecento Padua Benjamin G. Kohl Controlling Women or Women Controlled? Suggestions for Gender Roles 37 and Visual Culture in the Italian Renaissance Palace Roger J. Crum The Women Patrons of Neri di Bicci 51 Rosi Prieto Gilday Caterina Piccolomini and the Palazzo delle Papesse in Siena 77 A. Lawrence Jenkens Renaissance Husbands and Wives as Patrons of Art: The Camerini 93 of Isabella d’Este and Francesco II Gonzaga Molly Bourne Widow, Mother, Patron of Art: Alfonsina Orsini de’ Medici 125 Sheryl E. Reiss Two Emilian Noblewomen and Patronage Networks in the Cinquecento 159 Katherine A. McIver Dutiful Widows: Female Patronage and Two Marian Altarpieces by Parmigianino 177 Mary Vaccaro Vittoria Colonna and the Commission for a Mary Magdalen by Titian 193 Marjorie Och Bronzino in the Service of Eleonora di Toledo and Cosimo I de’ Medici: 225 Conjugal Patronage and the Painter-Courtier Bruce L. Edelstein A Medici Miniature: Juno and a Woman with “Eyes in Her Head Like 263 Two Stars in Their Beauty” Gabrielle Langdon A Widow’s Choice: Alessandro Allori’s Christ and the Adulteress 301 in the Church of Santo Spirito at Florence Elizabeth Pilliod Matrons and Motives: Why Women Built in Early Modern Rome 317 Carolyn Valone About the Contributors 337 BEYOND ISABELLA: SECULAR WOMEN PATRONS OF ART IN RENAISSANCE ITALY viii INTRODUCTION: RECOGNIZING NEW PATRONS, POSING NEW QUESTIONS Illustrations Introduction: Recognizing New Patrons, Posing New Questions David G. Wilkins 1. Nicola di Maestro Antonio d’Ancona, detail of patron (?), Madonna and Child 2 with Donor and Saints Leonard, Jerome, John the Baptist, and Francis, 1472. Pittsburgh, Carnegie Museum of Art (photo: University of Pittsburgh) 2. Nicola di Maestro Antonio d’Ancona, Madonna and Child with Donor and 3 Saints Leonard, Jerome, John the Baptist, and Francis, 1472. Pittsburgh, Carnegie Museum of Art (photo: University of Pittsburgh) 3. Circle of Bernardo Daddi (?), Votive Panel, 1335 (?), Florence, Museo dell’ 7 Opera del Duomo (photo: Alinari/Art Resource, N.Y.) 4. Florentine, mid-fourteenth century, Lamentation from San Remigio, ca. 1350, 8 Florence, Galleria degli Uffizi (photo: Alinari/Art Resource, N.Y.) Fina da Carrara, née Buzzacarini: Consort, Mother, and Patron of Art in Trecento Padua Benjamin G. Kohl 1. Baptistery, Padua, exterior, rebuilt 1260 (photo: courtesy Judith Kohl ) 25 2. Giusto de’ Menabuoi and assistants, frescoes on the west wall of the Baptistery, 27 Padua, 1376–78 (photo: courtesy Ministero per i Beni Culturali ed Ambientali, Soprintendenza Beni Artistici e Storici, Veneto) 3. Giusto de’ Menabuoi and assistants, Polyptych with Madonna Enthroned, 38 Scenes from the Life of Saint John the Baptist and Saints, 1376–78, Padua, Baptistery (photo: courtesy Ministero per i Beni Culturali ed ambientali, Soprintendenza Beni Artistici e Storici, Veneto) 4. Giusto de’ Menabuoi and assistants, The Birth of Saint John the Baptist, 1376– 30 78. Padua, Baptistery (photo: courtesy Ministero per i Beni Culturali ed ambientali, Soprintendenza Beni Artistici e Storici, Veneto) 5. Giusto de’ Menabuoi and assistants, The Birth of Saint John the Baptist, detail 30 of Fina Buzzacarini and Her Three Daughters, 1376–78, Padua, Baptistery (photo: courtesy Ministero per i Beni Culturali ed ambientali, Soprintendenza Beni Artistici e Storici, Veneto) Controlling Women or Women Controlled? Suggestions for Gender Roles and Visual Culture in the Italian Renaissance Palace Roger J. Crum 1. Florentine, late fifteenth century, The Assembly of a Domestic Inventory, 39 Florence, San Martino del Vescovo (photo: Scala/Art Resource, N.Y.) The Women Patrons of Neri di Bicci Rosi Prieto Gilday 1. Neri di Bicci, Assumption of the Virgin, 1456, Ottawa, National Gallery of 52 Canada (photo: National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa) BEYOND ISABELLA: SECULAR WOMEN PATRONS OF ART IN RENAISSANCE ITALY Isabella FM Final Pages 8 5/18/01, 6:34 PM INTRODUCTION: RECOGNIZING NEW PATRONS, POSING NEWILLUSTRATIONS QUESTIONS ix 2. Neri di Bicci, Annunciation, 1455, Florence, Santa Maria Novella 53 (photo: Alinari/Art Resource, N.Y.) 3. Neri di Bicci, Trinity, 1463, formerly Florence, San Niccolò Oltrarno 55 (photo: Alinari/Art Resource, N.Y.) Caterina Piccolomini and the Palazzo delle Papesse in Siena A. Lawrence Jenkens 1. Palazzo delle Papesse, Siena, Via di Città, begun ca. 1460 (photo: author) 78 2. Palazzo delle Papesse, detail, ground floor (photo: author) 79 3. Palazzo delle Papesse, detail, piano nobile (photo: author) 79 4. Reconstruction of Pius II’s proposed intervention in Siena: (A) Palazzo 81 Piccolomini; (B) Loggia dei Papa; (C) enlarged Piazza Piccolomini (drawing: Wolfgang Jung) 5. Loggia del Papa, Siena, 1460–62 (photo: author) 81 6. Giacomo Piccolomini’s Palazzo Nuovo (now Palazzo Piccolomini), Siena, 82 Banchi di Sotto, begun 1469 (photo: author) 7. Andrea Piccolomini’s Casamento Vecchio (now Palazzo Piccolomini), Siena, 82 Piazza del Campo, late fifteenth century (photo: author) Renaissance Husbands and Wives as Patrons of Art: The Camerini of Isabella d’Este and Francesco II Gonzaga Molly Bourne 1. Attributed to Andrea Mantegna, Portrait of Francesco II Gonzaga, ca. 1500, 94 Dublin, National Gallery of Ireland (photo: National Gallery of Ireland) 2. Castello di San Giorgio, Mantua, showing the Torretta di San Nicolò 96 (photo: author) 3. Plan of Castello di San Giorgio, Mantua, piano nobile (from Sylvia Ferino- 96 Pagden, ed., “La Prima Donna del Mondo”: Isabella d’Este, Fürsten und Mäzenatin der Renaissance, exh. cat. [Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna, 1994], p. 14, fig. 27) 4. View of Isabella’s Grotta in the Castello di San Giorgio, Mantua (photo: author) 97 5. View from Sala delle Cappe in the Castello di San Giorgio, Mantua, of the 97 hallway (on left) leading to Isabella’s Studiolo, and the entrance (on right) leading down to Grotta (photo: author) 6. Six ceramic floor tiles from Isabella’s Studiolo, Milan, Museo di Castello 98 Sforzesco (from Sylvia Ferino-Pagden, ed., “La Prima Donna del Mondo”: Isabella d’Este, Fürsten und Mäzenatin der Renaissance, exh. cat. [Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna, 1994], p.189, cat. no. 175) 7. Lorenzo Costa, Allegory of the Court of Isabella d’Este, ca. 1506, Paris, Musée 98 du Louvre (photo: RMN) 8. “Sala del Sole,” apartments of Francesco II on ground floor of Castello di San 99 Giorgio, Mantua (photo: author) 9. Gabriele Bertazzolo, Urbis Mantuae Descriptio, Mantua, 1628 (photo: author) 100 BEYOND ISABELLA: SECULAR WOMEN PATRONS OF ART IN RENAISSANCE ITALY Isabella FM Final Pages 9 5/18/01, 6:34 PM x INTRODUCTIONLLUSTRATIONS: RECOGNIZING NEW PATRONS, POSING NEW QUESTIONS 10. Gabriele Bertazzolo, Urbis Mantuae Descriptio, Mantua, 1628, detail of area 101 around Palazzo di San Sebastiano (in circle) (photo: author) 11. Porta Pusterla, Mantua, view ca. 1900 from Te island, showing waterway and 101 bridge leading to Te island (photo: Archivio di Stato, Mantua, authorization 28/99) 12. Palazzo di San Sebastiano, Mantua, distant view ca. 1900 from Te island, 102 showing city walls, Porta Pusterla, and bridge leading to Te island (photo: Archivio di Stato, Mantua, authorization 28/99) 13. Palazzo di San Sebastiano, Mantua, view ca. 1900 from Te island, with Porta 103 Pusterla visible at right (photo: Archivio di Stato, Mantua, authorization 28/99) 14. Schematic plan of Mantua (photo: Carpeggiani and Pagliari, 1983, p. 35) 104 A-B = Gonzaga axis d = Church and convent of San Sebastiano a = Ducal Palace-Castello complex e = House of Andrea Mantegna b = Cathedral of San Pietro f = Palazzo San Sebastiano c = Church of Sant’Andrea g = Palazzo Te 15. Palazzo di San Sebastiano, Mantua, modern view of south façade (photo: author) 104 16. Palazzo di San Sebastiano, Mantua, modern view of walled-in arcade on north 105 façade (photo: author) 17. Palazzo di San Sebastiano, Mantua, “Camera del Crogiolo” (photo: author) 105 18. Plan (1994) of the ground floor of Palazzo di San Sebastiano with room labels 106 indicating author’s reconstruction; dark shading shows original walling (plan: courtesy Arch.
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