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Home , Cubic inch, Cubic yard, Square yard, Yard

UNITS OF MEASURE AND CONVERSIONS FACTORS

Bert T. Swanson

Abbreviations Abbreviation Definition Abbreviation Definition ppt Parts per Thousand ac pt (s) Bu (s) qt (s) C or c (s) S Siemen(s) cc Cubic Centimeter(s) rd (s) cm Centimeter(s) Sec. Section(s) cm2 Square Centimeter(s) Tbsp Tablespoon(s) cm3 Cubic Centimeter(s) T (s) C:N Carbon Nitrogen Ratio tsp (s) dm Decimeter(s) Twns Township dr µl Microliter(s) dS/m DeciSiemens µgm Microgram(s) EC Electroconductivity (Salinity) µmho Micromho(s) ft /Feet yd (s) ft2 /Feet yd2 (s) ft3 /Feet yd3 (s) gal (s) gm Gram(s) gn (s) Equivalent Measures ha (s) Measures: in (es) 1 ac = 43,560 ft2 in2 Square Inch(es) 1 ac = 0.4 ha in3 (es) 640 ac = 1 mi2 kg Kilogram(s) 1 cm2 = 0.16 in2 kl Kiloliter(s) 10,000 cm2 = 1 m2 km Kilometer(s) 1 ft2 = 0.111 yd2 l Liter(s) 1 ft2 = 144 in2 lb 1 ft2 = 0.09 m2 lbs Pounds 9 ft2 = 1 yd2 m Meter(s) 43,560 ft2 = 1 ac m2 Square Meter(s) 1 ha = 2.47 ac m3 Cubic Meter(s) 1 in2 = 6.5 cm2 meg Milliequivalents 1 in2 = 0.0069 ft2 mg Milligrams(s) 144 in2 = 1 ft2 mi (s) 1 m2 = 1.1 yd2 mi2 (s) 1 m2 = 11.1 ft2 ml Milliliter(s) 1mi2 = 640 ac mm Millimeter(s) 1 km2 = 0.36 mi2 mmho Millimhos 1 mi2 = 2.8 km2 mS MilliSiemen(s) 1 mi2 = 1 Sec. nm Nanometer(s) 160 rd2 = 1 ac oz (F) (s) (Fluid) 36 Sec. = 1 twns oz (W)(D) Ounce(s) (Weight)(Dry) 1 yd2 = 9 ft2 pk 1 yd2 = 0.8 m2 pph Parts per Hundred 1 yd2 = 1296 in2 ppm Parts per Million 30¼ yd2 = 1 rd2

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Linear Measures: Measures continued: 1 cm = 0.4 in 1 gal = 16 C 1 cm = 0.033 ft 1 gal = 128 oz (F) 39.37 cm = 1 yd 1 gal = 3.785 l 10 cm = 1 dm 1 gal = 3,785 ml 100 cm = 1 m 1 gal = 231 in3 1 dm = 4 in 1 gal = 0.1337 ft3 10 dm = 1 m 1 gal water = 8.2 lbs 1 ft = 12 in 1 million gal/day = 1.57 ft3 per second 1 ft = 30.5 cm 1 million gal/day = 694.4 gal per 1 ft = 0.305 m 28 gm = 1 oz (W) 3 ft = 1 yd 1 l = 1.06 qt (F) 3.3 ft = 1 m 1 l = 0.9 qt (D) 16.5 ft = 1 rd 1 l = 0.26 gal 5,280 ft = 1 mi 1 l = 4.17 C 1 in = 2.5 cm 1 l = 2.1 pt 4 in = 1 dm 3.78 l = 1 gal 12 in = 1 ft 1 lb = 456 gm 36 in = 1 yd 1 m3 = 35 ft3 1 km = 0.625 mi 1 m3 = 1.3 yd3 1 km = 1,000 m 1 ml = 1 cc 1 m = 39.37 in 1 ml = 0.2 tsp 1 m = 100 cm 1 ml = 0.007 Tbsp 1 m = 1,000 mm 30 ml or cc = 1 oz (F) 1 m = 3.3 ft 1000 ml = 1 l 1 m = 1.1 yd 1 ml = 0.33 oz (F) 1 mi = 5,280 ft 1 oz (F) = 1/8 C 1 mi = 1.6 km 1 oz (F) = 2 Tbsp 1,000 m = 1 km 1 oz (F) = 6 tsp 10 mm = 1 cm 1 oz (F) = 30 cc or ml 1,000 mm = 1 m 1 oz (W) = 28 gm 1 yd = 36 in 8 oz (F) = 1 C 1 yd = 3 ft 16 oz (F) = 2 C 1 yd = 0.914 m 16 oz (F) = 1 pt 32 oz (F) = 1 qt Volume Measures: 32 oz (F) = 2 pt 3 BU = 1 wheelbarrow 32 oz (F) = 4 C 1 C = 8 oz 128 oz (F) = 1 gal 1 C = 0.5 pt 128 oz (F) = 4 qt 1 C = 16 Tbsp 128 oz (F) = 8 pt 1 C = 48 tsp 128 oz (F) = 16 C 1 C = 240 cc or ml 1 ppm = 0.001 gm per l 1 C = 0.25 l 1 ppm = 1 mg per l 2 C = 1 pt 1 ppm = 1 mg per kg 4 C = 1 qt 1 ppm = 1 mg per 0.9 qt 16 C = 1 gal 1 ppm = 0.0001 % 1 cc = 1 ml 1 ppm = 1 ul per l 946 cc or ml = 1 qt 1 ppm = 1 oz per 7,500 gal 1 ft3 = 1728 in3 1 ppm = 1 lb per 120,000 gal 1 ft3 = 7.48 gal 10 ppm = 0.01 gm per l 1 ft3 = 0.30 m3 100 ppm = 0.1 gm per l 27 ft3 = 1 yd3 1,000 ppm = 1 gm per l 1 ft3 water = 62.4 lbs 10,000 ppm = 10 gm per l 1 gal = 4 qt 10,000 ppm = 0.35 oz per gal 1 gal = 8 pt 1 pt = 16 oz 49-2 1106

Volume Measures continued: Weight Measures continued: 1 pt = 2 C 456 gm = 1 lb 1 pt = 32 Tbsp 27⅓ gn = 1dr 1 pt = 96 tsp 20 = 1 T 1 pt = 473 cc or ml 1 kg = 2 1.5 lbs 1 pt = 0.473 l 1 lb = 16 oz 2 pt = 1 qt 1 lb = 456 gm 8 pt = 1 gal 1 lb = 0.456 kg 1 pt/100 gal = 1 tsp/gal 100 lbs = 1 hundredweight 1 qt = 64 Tbsp 2000 lbs = 1 T 1 qt = 32 oz (F) 1 metric T = 2,200 lbs 1 qt = 4 C 1 mg = 0.001 g, 1 qt = 2 pt 1 oz (W) = 28 gm 1 qt = 964 cc or ml 16 oz = l lb 1 qt = 0.964 l 1 ppm = 1 mg per l 4 qt = 1 gal 1 ppm = 1 mg per kg 1 qt/100 gal = 2 tsp/gal 1 ppm = 1 mg per 0.9 qt 1 Tbsp = 3 tsp 1 ppm = 0.0001 % 1 Tbsp = 0.5 oz 1 % = 10,000 ppm 1 Tbsp = 15 cc or ml 1 % = 10 gm per l 2 Tbsp = 6 tsp 1 % = 1.28 oz per gal 2 Tbsp = 1 oz (F) 0.1 % = 1,000 ppm = 1,000 mg/l 4 Tbsp = ¼ C 0.01% = 100 ppm = 100 mg per l 5 1/3 Tbsp = 1/3 C 0.001 % = 10 ppm = 10 mg per l 16 Tbsp = 8 oz (F) 0.0001 % = 1 ppm = 1 mg per l 16 Tbsp = 1 C 1 tsp = 1/3 Tbsp Unit of Measure Conversions 1 tsp = 1/6 oz To Convert: Into: Multiply By: 1 tsp = 0.17 oz Bu ft³ 0.8 1 tsp = 5.5 cc or ml Bu pk 4.0 3 tsp = 1 Tbsp Bu yd³ 0.454 6 tsp = 2 Tbsp cc or ml ft3 0.000035 6 tsp = 1 oz cc or ml in3 0.061 1 wheelbarrow = 3 Bu cc or ml m3 0.00001 1 yd3 = 22 Bu cc or ml yd3 0.0000013 1 yd3 = 202.5 gal cc or ml gal 0.000264 1 yd3 = 0.76 m3 cc or ml l 0.001 1 yd3 = 27 ft3 cc or ml oz (F) 0.033 1 % = 10,000 ppm cc or ml pt 0.00211 1 % = 10 gm per l cc or ml qt 0.00106 1 % = 1.28 oz per gal cm in 0.394 0.1 % = 1,000 ppm = 1,000 mg/l cm ft 0.033 0.01 % = 100 ppm = 100 mg per l cm m 0.01 0.001 % = 10 ppm = 10 mg per l cm mm 10.0 0.0001 % = 1 ppm = 1 mg per l cm yd 0.011 cm2 in2 0.155 Weight Measures: ft cm 30.48 16 dr = 1 oz ft in 12.0 1 gal = 4 qt ft m 0.305 1 gal = 8 pt ft yd 0.333 1 gal = 128 oz ft mi 0.000189 1 gm = 0.0357 oz (W)(D) ft km 0.000305 1 gm = 1000 mg ft3 cc or ml 0.000283 28 gm = 1 oz (W)(D) ft3 in3 1728.0 30 gm = 1 oz (F) 49-3 1106

To Convert: Into: Multiply By: To Convert: Into: Multiply By: ft3 m3 0.0283 lbs of water in3 27.68 ft3 yd3 0.037 lbs of water gal 0.1198 ft3 gal 7.481 m ft 3.281 ft3 l 28.32 m in 39.37 ft3 pt 59.84 m yd 1.094 ft3 qt 29.92 m mi 0.00062 ft3 Bu 1.25 m cm 100.0 gal cc or ml 3,785.0 m mm 1000.0 gal ft3 0.134 m km 0.001 gal in3 231.0 m2 yd2 1.196 gal m3 0.00379 m3 cc or ml 10,000.0 gal yd3 0.00495 m3 ft3 35.31 gal l 3.785 m3 in3 61.02 gal pt 8.0 m3 yd3 1.31 gal qt 4.0 m3 gal 264.2 gal of water lbs of water 8.35 m3 l 1,000.0 gm oz 0.0353 m3 pt 2,113.0 gm lbs 0.00220 m3 qt 1,057.0 gm kg 0.001 mg gm 1,000.0 in cm 2.540 mi ft 5,280.0 in ft 0.083 mi m 1,609.3 in yd 0.278 mi km 1.609 in m 0.0254 mi yd 1,760.0 in2 cm2 6.452 ml or cc oz (F) 0.333 in3 cc or ml 16.39 ml or cc l 0.001 in3 ft3 0.000579 mm in 0.0394 in3 m3 0.000164 oz (W) lbs 0.0625 in3 yd3 0.0000214 oz (F) Tbsp 2.0 in3 gal 0.004433 oz (F) tsp 6.0 in3 l 0.0164 oz (W) Tbsp 3.0 in3 pt 0.0346 oz (W) tsp 9.0 in3 qt 0.0173 oz (W) gm 28.3 kg gm 1,000.0 oz (F) in3 1.805 kg oz 45.27 oz (F) l 0.03 kg lbs 2.205 oz (F) cc or ml 30.0 km ft 3,281.0 oz kg 0.028 km m 1,000.0 pk Bu 0.25 km mi 0.6214 pt l 0.473 km yd 1,094.0 pt qt 0.5 l C 4.226 pt gal 0.125 l cc or ml 1,000.0 pt cc or ml 473.18 l ft3 0.0353 qt pt 2.0 l in3 61.02 qt l 0.946 l m3 0.01 qt gal 0.25 l ml 1000.0 qt (D) in3 67.20 l yd3 0.00131 qt (F) in3 47.74 l oz (F) 33.8 qt cc or ml 946.36 l gal 0.264 T lbs 2000.00 l pt 2.113 Tbsp (D) oz 0.33 l qt 1.057 Tbsp (F) oz 0.55 lbs oz 16.0 Tbsp tsp 3.0 lbs gm 453.6 tsp (D) oz 0.111 lbs kg 0.454 tsp (F) oz 0.166 lbs of water ft3 0.016 tsp Tbsp 0.333 49-4 1106

To Convert: Into: Multiply By: yd in 36.0 yd ft 3.0 Table 2. Metric conversions for plants sized by yd m 0.914 Height or Spread, and plants sized by yd mi 0.00057 Caliper. yd cm 91.44 yd2 m2 0.836 3 yd cc or ml 764,600.0 Plants Sized by Height Plants Sized yd3 Bu 22.0 3 3 Or Spread By Spread yd ft 7.0 Approx. Metric Approx. Metric yd3 in3 46.66 3 3 English* Equivalent** English* Equivalent** yd m 0.765 yd3 gal 202.0 3 6 15 cm 3/8 Inch 10 mm yd l 764.6 8 Inches 20 cm 1/2 Inch 15 mm yd3 pt 1,616.0 3 10 Inches 25 cm 3/4 Inch 20 mm yd qt 807.9 12 Inches 30 cm 1 Inch 25 mm 15 Inches 40 cm 1¼ Inches 30 mm 18 Inches 50 cm 1½ Inches 40 mm Table 1 provides basic English conversions for linear 24 Inches 60 cm 1¾ Inches 45 mm and area measurements. Table 2 provides Metric 30 Inches 80 cm 2 Inches 50 mm conversions for plants sized by Height or Spread, and 36 Inches 90 cm 2½ Inches 60 mm plants sized by Caliper. Table 3 provides Dilution 42 Inches 100 cm 2¾ Inches 70 mm measurement conversion data. Table 4 provides 48 Inches 1.25 m 3 Inches 80 mm Equivalent Measures and conversions for Parts per 60 Inches 1.50 m 3½ Inches 90 mm Million (ppm), Milligrams per Liter (mg/l), Parts per 72 Inches 1.75 m 4 Inches 100 mm Thousand (ppt), Grams per Liter (gm/l) and Percent 84 Inches 2.00 m 4½ Inches 115 mm (%). These can be used for the calculation of rates 96 Inches 2.50 m 5 Inches 130 mm for application for pesticides, growth regulators and 120 Inches 3.00 m 5½ Inches 140 mm fertilizers. 180 Inches 4.50 m 6 Inches 150 mm

Table 1. Basic English conversions for Linear, Area English* Metric** Metric** English* and Volume measurements. 1 Inch = 2.54 cm 1 mm = 0.06 Inch 1 Foot = 30.40 cm 1 cm = 0.40 Inch Linear: 1 yard = 0.90 m 1 m = 39.4 Inches 1 Foot = 12 Inches. 1 Mile = 1609 m 1 m = 3.28 Feet 1 Yard = 36 Inches. 1 Mile = 1.6 km 1 m = 1.09 1 Mile = 5,280 Feet. 1 Mile = 1760 Yards.

Area: 1 ft2 =144 Inches. 1 yd2 = 9 ft2. 1 Mile2 = 648 . Table 3. Dilution measurement conversion data. 1 Acre2 = 43,560 ft2. 1 Acre2 = 4,840 yd2. Dilution Parts Per Per Percent or Rate Million Gallon Volume: 1 Pint = 16 Ounces. 1.0 1:100 10,000 0.33 1 Quart = 2 . 0.1 1:1,000 1,000 0.03 1 Gallon = 4 . 0.01 1:10,000 100 0.003 1 Gallon = 128 Ounces.

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Table 4. Equivalent Measures for the calculation of rates of application for pesticides, growth regulators and fertilizers.

Parts per Milligrams Parts per Grams per Million per Liter Thousand Liter Percent (ppm) (mg/l) (ppt) (gm/l) (%)

1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000 1,000 100

100,000 100,000 100 100 10

10,000 10,000 10 10 1

1,000 1,000 1 1 0.1

100 100 0.1 0.1 0.01

10 10 0.01 0.01 0.001

1 1 0.001 0.001 0.0001

0.1 0.1 0.0001 0.0001 0.00001

Surface Coverage Calculations and Conversions 5. 162 ft2: 2.00 inches deep. The following data and information, and Tables 5, 6, 6. 324 ft2: 1.00 inch deep. 7, 8 and 9 provide required and/or surface 7. 648 ft2: 0.50 inch deep. coverage of amendments, mulch, rock or other 8. 1296 ft2: 0.25 inch deep. materials used on a soil surface at various depths. The data is based on averages and serves only as a Cubic yards (yd3) of material required to cover 1000 guide. Variation will occur depending upon the ft2 at various depth is as follows: compactness or looseness of the material being used. 1. At 0.25 inch deep: 0.75 yd3. 2. At 0.50 inch deep: 1.50 yd3. A greenhouse bench or a ground bed of 100 ft2 with 6 3. At 1.00 inch deep: 3.25 yd3. inches of growing media contains 50 ft3 or 40 4. At 1.50 inches deep: 4.50 yd3. or 1.85 yd3 of media. 5. At 2.00 inches deep: 6.50 yd3. 6. At 2.50 inches deep: 8.00 yd³. One cubic yard (yd3) of material will cover: 7. At 3.00 inches deep: 9.75 yd³. 1. 40 ft2: 8.00 inches deep. 8. At 4.00 inches deep: 13.00 yd³. 2. 54 ft2: 6.00 inches deep. 3. 81 ft2: 4.00 inches deep. 4. 108 ft2: 3.00 inches deep. 49-6 1106

Calculation of number of cubic yards of material required to cover a specific area in square feet (x) at Table 7. Material coverages in cubic feet and cubic various depths is as follows: yards at various depths. 2 3 1. 1 inch deep: x ft / 324 = yd . 2. 2 inches deep: x ft2 / 162 = yd3. 2 3 3. 3 inches deep: x ft / 108 = yd . 2 2 3 Depth For 1,000 ft For 1 Acre 4. 4 inches deep: x ft / 81 = yd . In Inches ft3 yd3 yd3 5. 5 inches deep: x ft2 / 67 = yd3. 2 3 6. 6 inches deep: x ft / 54 = yd . 1/8 10.53 0.39 17 7. 8 inches deep: x ft2 / 40 = yd3. 2 3 1/4 21.0 0.78 34 8. 12 inches deep: x ft / 27 = yd . 3/8 30.5 1.17 51 1/2 42.0 1.56 68 5/8 52.5 1.95 85 Table 5. Surface coverage obtained in square feet 3/4 63.0 2.34 102 per cubic yard at various depths. 1.0 84.0 3.12 136 2.0 168 6.24 272 Depth in Inches Coverage in Square Feet 1/8 2592 Example: Area to be covered is 2000 ft2 to a depth of 1/4 1296 2 inches. From the Chart: ½ inch of coverage 3/8 864 material will require 1.56 yd3 per 1,000 ft2. 1/2 648 Therefore: 5/8 518 1.56 yd3 x 2 inches = 3.12 yd3 is required to 3/4 432 cover 2000 ft2 to a depth of 2 inches. 1.0 324 2.0 162 3.0 108 4.0 81 5.0 67 6.0 54 Table 8. Square feet covered by various volumes of 8.0 40 10.0 33 mulch at various coverage depths. 12.0 27 2 Square Feet Covered Example: Area to be covered is 2160 ft to a depth of 3 4 inches. From the Chart: 1 yd3 will cover yd Bags 1 Inch 2 Inches 4 Inches 81 ft2 to a depth of 4 inches. Therefore: 2 2 3 1/2 4.5 160 80 40 2160 ft / 81ft = 26.67 yd is required to 2 1 9 320 160 80 cover 81 ft to a depth of 4 inches. 2 18 640 320 160

3 27 960 480 240 4 36 1,280 640 320 5 45 1,600 800 400 6 54 1,920 960 480 Table 6. Approximate weights of soil and soil 7 63 2,240 1,120 560 amendments. Variation is due to moisture. 8 72 2,560 1,280 640 9 81 2,880 1,440 720 Product lbs./ft3 lbs./yd3 10 90 3,200 1,600 800 Loam 75-100 2,025-2,700 15 135 4,800 2,400 1,200 Clay 90-120 2,430-3,240 20 180 6,400 3,200 1,600 Sand 105-120 2,835-3,240 Gravel 120-135 3,240-3,645 Crushed Rock 120-150 3,290-4,050 Bag Volume = 3 ft3. Compressed Peat 15-18 405-486 1 yd3 = 27 ft3. Loose Peat 3-5 81-135 9 Bags = 1 yd3. Vermiculite 3-6 81-162 Perlite 5-15 135-405

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Table 9. Volume of material in cubic yards required to cover an area of x ft2 and y inches deep. Example: An area of 50 ft2 by 2 inches deep requires 0.25 yd3. No allowances are made for settlement.

Cubic Yards Required at the Following Depths (y). Area (x) (ft2) 2 in Deep 3 in Deep 4 in Deep 6 in Deep 8 in Deep 12 in Deep

50 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 2.00 100 0.50 1.00 1.25 2.00 2.50 4.00 150 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 6.00 200 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.50 5.00 7.50 250 1.75 2.50 3.00 4.50 6.00 9.00 300 2.00 3.00 3.50 5.50 7.50 11.00 350 2.25 3.50 4.50 6.50 9.00 13.00 400 2.50 4.00 5.00 7.50 10.00 15.00 450 3.00 4.50 5.50 8.50 11.00 17.00 500 3.25 4.50 6.00 9.00 12.00 18.50 550 3.50 5.00 7.00 10.00 13.50 20.00 600 3.75 5.50 7.50 11.00 15.00 22.00 650 4.00 6.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 24.00 700 4.25 6.50 8.50 13.00 17.00 26.00 750 4.50 7.00 9.50 14.00 18.50 28.00 800 5.00 7.50 10.00 15.00 20.00 30.00 850 5.25 8.00 10.50 16.00 21.00 31.50 900 5.50 8.50 11.00 17.00 22.00 33.00 950 6.00 9.00 12.00 17.50 23.00 35.00 1,000 6.50 9.50 13.00 18.50 35.00 37.00

Plant Nutrient Conversion To Convert Into The Element: The Oxide: Multiply By: P P2O5 2.29 K K2O 1.20 Ca CaO 1.39 Mg MgO 1.66

To Convert Into The Oxide: The Element: Multiply By: P2O5 P 0.437 K2O K 0.830 CaO Ca 0.715 MgO Mg 0.602

Temperature Conversions Temperatures in and Celsius (Centigrade) can be converted or interpreted from one to the other with the calculations and diagrams shown below.

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Plant Spacing and Plants per Unit Area The following data provides the number of plants The following data provides the number of plants per required per 100 ft2 at various spacing intervals. acre depending on the spacing within the row and Plant Spacing Plants Required Per 100 ft2 between the rows. Plant Spacing (ft) Number of Plants per Acre 6 x 6 Inches 400 8 x 8 Inches 200 0.25 x 0.25 696,690 9 x 9 Inches 175 0.33 x 0.33 392,040 1.0 x 1.0 Foot 100 0.50 x 0.50 174,240 1.5 x 1.5 Feet 45 0.75 x 0.75 77,440 2.0 x 2.0 Feet 25 1.00 x 1.00 43,560 2.5 x 2.5 Feet 16 1.50 x 1.50 19,360 3.0 x 3.0 Feet 11 2.00 x 1.00 21,780 4.0 x 4.0 Feet 6 2.00 x 2.00 10,890 2.50 x 2.50 6,960 The following data provides the approximate area in 3.00 x 1.00 14,620 square feet that 100 ground cover plants will cover 3.00 x 2.00 7,260 with various spacing in inches. Spacing is based on 3.00 x 3.00 4,840 center to center of the plants. 3.50 x 3.50 3,555 4.00 x 1.00 10,890 Plant Spacing in Inches Area Covered in ft2 4.00 x 2.00 5,445 4.00 x 3.00 3,630 4 x 4 11 4.00 x 4.00 2,722 6 x 6 25 4.50 x 4.50 2,151 8 x 8 44 5.00 x 1.00 8,712 10 x 10 70 5.00 x 2.00 4,356 12 x 12 100 5.00 x 3.00 2,904 15 x 15 156 5.00 x 4.00 2,178 18 x 18 225 5.00 x 5.00 1,742 24 x 24 400 5.50 x 5.50 1,417 6.00 x 6.00 1,210 B&B Soil Ball Weight Calculation and Size Guide 6.50 x 6.50 1,031 Using 86 lbs as the weight for a loamy soil, two 7.00 x 7.00 881 methods are available to calculate the approximate 8.00 x 8.00 680 weight of a soil ball. Soil moisture will have a 9.00 x 9.00 537 significant impact on the actual weight of the soil. 10.00 x 10.00 435 11.00 x 11.00 360 Method 1: 12.00 x 12.00 302 13.00 x 13.00 257 (Ball width in ft)2 x Depth in ft x 0.67 x 86 = 14.00 x 14.00 222 Weight in lbs. 15.00 x 15.00 193 16.00 x 16.00 170 Method 2: 16.50 x 16.50 160 17.00 x 17.00 150 (Ball Width in inches)2 x (½ Depth in inches) x 18.00 x 18.00 134 0.067 = Weight in lbs. 19.00 x 19.00 120 20.00 x 20.00 108 25.00 x 25.00 69 30.00 x 30.00 48 33.00 x 33.00 40 40.00 x 40.00 27 50.00 x 50.00 17 60.00 x 60.00 12 66.00 x 66.00 10

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The following data provides a guide as to References approximate minimum ball diameter and ball weight Bohmont, B. 1981. The New Pesticide User’s of Balled and Burlapped plants. Specific species Guide. B & K Enterprises, Inc. Fort Collins, CO. such as oaks and other tap rooted species or hard to transplant species will require larger root balls. The Davidson, H., R. Mecklenburg and C. Peterson. size and weight is also dependent on the soil type in 1994. Nursery Management, Administration and which the plants are grown. Culture. Prentice Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

Approximate Approximate Erwin, J. 1991. Conversion Factors. Minnesota Plant Size Ball Diameter(In) Ball Weight(lbs.) Flower Growers Bulletin 40(4):41-42.

Shrubs National Landscape Association. 1982. Landscape 18 Inches 12 50 Designer and Estimator’s Guide. National Landscape 24 Inches 12 50 Association. Washington, DC. 30 Inches 14 90 36 Inches 17 150 Robinette, G.O. 1968. Off the Board/Into the 4 Feet 18 190 Ground – Techniques of Planting Design 5 Feet 21 250 Implementation. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co. 6 Feet 24 368 Dubuque, IA. 7 Feet 28 585

Evergreens 15 Inches 12 50 18 Inches 14 90 24 Inches 14 90 30 Inches 17 150 36 Inches 17 150 4 Feet 21 250 5 Feet 28 585 6 Feet 32 850 7 Feet 40 1,600

Clump Trees 6 Feet 21 250 7 Feet 24 385 8 Feet 24 385 10 Feet 28 585 12 Feet 32 850 14 Feet 40 1,600

Trees 1½ Inches 21 250 2 Inches 24 385 2½ Inches 28-32 585-850 3 Inches 32-36 850-1,200 3½ Inches 36-40 1,200-1,600 4 Inches 40-45 1,600-2,200 4 Inches 45 2300.

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