Upholding Fair Trial Rights Within the European Union

Upholding fair trial rights within the European Union

McKie (Scotland, Levy and McRae Solicitors), Hugh Mercer QC (UK, Essex Court Chambers), Christian Mesia (Spain, RCD Legal & Tax Advisors), Jonathan Mitchell (UK, 25 Bedford Row), Sofia Monge (Portugal, Carlos Pinto de Abreu), Ondřej Múka (Czech Republic, Advokatni Kancelar),Over Patrick120 Mustersleading (UK, BTMK criminal and Andrew justice Keenan and andCo), Karla human Nahtigal (Slovenia, rights Nahtigal experts Ltd), Anders Németh (Denmark, Advokatselskabet Anders K Németh), Roumen Petrov (Bulgaria, Georgieva, Petrov, Nenkov, Georgiev Law Firm), Nicholas Philpot (UK),from Mikolaj Pietrzakacross (UK, PietrzakEurope & Sidor), are Renata calling Pinter (UK, onTuckers the Solicitors), European Georgios Pyromallis Union (Greece, George Pyromallis Lawto Office),continue Jozef Rammelt its (Netherlands,crucial Keizerwork Advocaten), to improve Olivier Rangeon respect(France,), Tunde for Marika the Renner (Romania), Dara Robinson (Ireland, Sheehan & Partners), Federico Romoli (Italy, Studio Legale Romoli), Daniel Roos (Sweden, Advokatfirman Sederholm),fundamental Zuzanna Rudzińska (Poland, human Wardyński right and Partners), to a fair Nadine trial. Sant (Malta, Great James Street Chambers), Roby Schons (Luxembourg, Barreau du Luxembourg), Jeroen Soeteman (Netherlands, Jebbink Soetetman), Elias Stephanou (Cyprus, KSCP Juris), Brian Storan (UK, Criminal Courts of Justice), Jakob Tamburski (Poland), Martynas Tamosaitis (Lithuania, APB Meidus ir Juzukonis), Jaanus Tehver (Estonia, Tehver & Partners), Karen Todner (UK, Kaim Todner), Janusz Tomczak (Poland, Wardynski and Partners), Dominique Tricaud (France, Tricaud-Traynard AvocatsLEAP Associés), is coordinated Alexandros by: Tsagkalidis (Greece, Anagnostopoulos Law Firm), Han Vallenduuk (Netherlands, Vallenduuk Advocaten), Wafa Shah (UK, Doughty Street Chambers), Oliver Wallasch (Germany, Wallasch & Koch), Johanna Wöran (Austria, Deutscher Bundestag), Wouter Van Ballegooij (Netherlands, European Parliament), Matyas Bencze (Hungary, University of Debrecen), James Brannan (UK, European Court of Human Rights), Emma Disley (UK, RAND Europe), Jacqueline Hodgson (UK, University of Warwick), Erika Jamborne (Hungary, University of Miskolc), Mar Jimeno-Bulnes (Spain, Universidad de Burgos), Marije Knapen (Netherlands, Avans Centre for Public Safety & Criminal Justice at the University of Tilburg), Bas Leeuw (Netherlands, University of Leiden), Katerina Mantouvalou (UK, Senior Consultant in ICF GHK’s European Social Policy Group), Ellen Ruth Moerman (Netherlands, Legal Interpreter), Fernando Niembro (Spain, Estudio Juridico), Ali Norouzi (Germany, Widmaier Norouzi Rechtsanwälte),Fair TrialsAnna International’sOgorodova (Netherlands, vision: a Universityworld where of Maastricht), every person’s Raphaele right Parizot to a fair (France, trial is l’Universitérespected, Paris I Panthéon – Sorbonne), whateverErika Roth their(Hungary, nationality, University wherever of Miskolc), they Demetra are accused. Sorviati (Cyprus, University of Nicoisa), Jørn Vestergaard (Denmark, University of Copenhagen), Marianne Wade (Germany, University of Birmingham), Liesbeth Baetens (Netherlands, Faber Inter), Jodie Blackstock (UK, JUSTICE), Cristinel Buzatu (Romania, APADOR), Theodora Christou (UK, AIRE Centre), Deirdre Duffy (Ireland, ICCL), Antonio Graziadei (Italy, Avocats sans Frontiers), Diana-Olivia Hatneanu (Romania, APADOR), Liam Herrick (Ireland, Irish Penal Reform Trust), Paolo Iorio (Italy, Avocats sans Frontieres), Marion Isobel (Hungary, Open Society Justice Initiative), Andras Kadar (Hungary, Hungarian Helsinki Committee), Dinko Kanchev (Bulgaria, Bulgarian Lawyers for Human Rights Foundation), Liese Katschinka (Netherlands, EULITA), Natacha Kazatchkine (Belgium, Amnesty International), Karolis Liutkevicius (Lithuania, Human Rights Monitoring Institute), Nuala Mole (UK, AIRE Centre), Grace Mulvey (Ireland, ICCL), Zaza Namoradze (Hungary, Open Society Justice Initiative), Neil Paterson (Belgium, Steunpunt Algemeen Welzijnswerk), Matthew Pinches (UK, Prisoners Abroad), Ilvija Puce (Latvia, European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment), Maria Chiara Ruzza (Italy, Avocats sans Frontieres), Balázs Tóth (Hungary, Hungarian Helsinki Committee), Sabine Zanker (UK, Hibiscus). Justice in Europe: the challenge Across the EU, basic fair trial rights are violated every day in police stations, court rooms and prisons. Legal advice is not always provided; standards of interpreting are often poor; and people are imprisoned unnecessarily before trial. This destroys the lives of innocent people, causes miscarriages of justice, and undermines public faith in criminal justice. Since 2009, the Legal Experts Advisory Panel (“LEAP”) has met to discuss the root causes of these problems. Fair Trials International’s Chief Executive addresses Through detailed briefings, joint letters to policy-makers LEAP at the Annual Conference and high-profile events in the European Parliament, our work has informed EU legal developments and encouraged law-makers to deliver the first EU laws on fair trial rights. Although the EU has made major progress in this area, there is still much more work needed if fair trial rights are to be fully protected. Fair trial rights provide the basis for the European area of freedom, security and justice. Without them injustice will continue to undermine judicial cooperation measures (like the European Arrest Warrant) needed to fight crime.

Priority 1: Make existing laws work in practice Three laws have now been adopted to protect core aspects of the right to a fair trial: interpretation and translation; information on rights and charges; and access to a lawyer (the “Directives”). Fair Trials International has hosted 5 meetings (in France, Hungary, Lithuania, the Netherlands and the UK) for LEAP members from 23 Member States to discuss the how these laws will be used. These discussions have shown how frequently these rights are abused across Europe and, crucially, how the Directives could be used to tackle injustice in individual cases and to challenge some of the systemic causes of abuse. The EU must ensure that the Directives are implemented and used effectively in Member States, and that the Commission takes enforcement proceedings against countries which fail to respect the crucial rights they protect.

Priority 2: New Directives on crucial procedural rights The European Union has committed itself to passing a whole series of laws, each protecting a key aspect of the right to a fair trial but the work is not yet complete. Given the interdependent nature of these rights, each Directive cannot be fully realised without the adoption and implementation of the other measures envisaged on fair trial rights. The EU itself has recognised that the right to legal aid is essential to ensure that the right to a lawyer is effective in practice. Similarly, without protections for vulnerable suspects, large numbers of suspects caught up in Europe’s criminal justice systems will not be able to exercise their rights and participate in their trial. The EU should continue its work on the remaining measures to which it has committed and agree effective Directives on legal aid, protections for children and other vulnerable suspects and the presumption of innocence.

(Sweden, TheseTre Advokater),examples show justJohn some Jones of the problems (UK, Doughty within EU criminal Street justice Chambers), systems. Hans Kjellund (Denmark, Advokaterne Sankt Knuds Tory P/S), Titia KorffFor (Netherlands, more information onPijnenburg injustices in allAdvocaten), 28 Member States, Maciej visit www.fairtrials.org/justice-in-europe Kusmierczyk (Poland, Małecki & Rychłowski and Academic), Dr. Ondrej Laciak (Slovakia, Laciak Law Office), Christiaan Luyckx (Belgium, Van Alsenoy & Partners), Gabor Magyar (Hungary, Magyar György és Társai), Asya Mandjukova (Bulgaria, Georgieva, Petrov, Nenkov, Georgiev Law Firm), Christophe Marchand (Belgium, JusCogens avocats- advocaten), Panayota Massouridou (Greece), Gary McAteer (Scotland, Beltrami and Company), David McKie (Scotland, Levy and McRae Solicitors), Hugh Mercer QC (UK, Essex Court Chambers), Christian Mesia (Spain, RCD Legal & Tax Advisors), Jonathan Mitchell (UK,

Priority 3: Pre-trial detention

In past year, Fair Trials International has coordinated LEAP

meetings in 6 EU countries (France, Greece, Hungary,

Lithuania, Poland and Spain) to discuss the way pre-trial

detention is used in different EU countries and to identify

opportunities for reform.

These meetings have shown how frequently suspects

Ms Viviane Reding

across Europe are routinely detained for minor offences Vice-President of the European Commission Commissioner for Justice , Fundamental Rights and Citizenship B-10409 Brussels

or without proper consideration of the facts of the case, Belgium

10 September 2013

often for long periods and without adequate access to a Dear Vice-President Reding

Pre-trial detention in the EU lawyer. Ms Viviane Reding Vice-President of the European Commission As the European Commis sion, Council and Parliament have recognised, ‘excessively long Commissioner for Justiceperiods, Fundamentalof pre-trial detention Rights and are Citizenship detrimental to the individual, can prejudice cooperation B-10409 Brussels between the Member States, and do not represent the values for which the European Union Belgium In June 2011, the European Commission published its 10 September 2013 Dear Vice-President Reding Ms Viviane Reding Green Paper on pre-trial detention, acknowledging that Vice-President of the European Commission Pre-trial detention in the EU Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship B-10409 Brussels excessively long periods of pre-trial detention jeopardise As the European Commission, CouncilBelgium and Parliament have recognised, ‘excessively long periods of pre-trial detention are detrimental to the individual, can prejudice cooperation between the Member States, and do 10not September represent 2013 the values for which the European Union effective judicial cooperation between Member States. In September 2013, 22 NGOs signed a jointDear Vice- Presidentletter Reding to Pre-trial detention in the EU

Vice-President of the European CommissionAs the European Viviane Commission, Council and Parliament have recognised, ‘excessively long Ms Viviane Reding periods of pre-trial detention are detrimental to the individual, can prejudice cooperation Fair Trials International and members of LEAP have led between the Member States, and do not represent the values for which the European Union RedingVice-President calling of the European on Commission the Commission to include action Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship the calls for EU-wide standards on pre-trial detention B-10409 Brussels on pre-trialBelgium detention within its next with the publication of a major report launched at the legislative10 September 2013programme. European Parliament. In December 2011, the European Dear Vice-President Reding For thePre-trial fulldetention text in the EU of the letter see www.fairtrials.org.

Parliament voted for urgent action on pre-trial detention. As the European Commission, Council and Parliament have recognised, ‘excessively long periods of pre-trial detention are detrimental to the individual, can prejudice cooperation between the Member States, and do not represent the values for which the European Union The EU must bring forward effective legal safeguards against the use of excessive and unjustified pre-trial detention.

Priority 4: Reform of the European Arrest Warrant The European Arrest Warrant (“EAW”) has made fundamental changes to the way extradition works within “We will only have mutual trust in Europe, the EU. While it is vital that Member States work together once each and every Member State has to tackle crime, the EAW has resulted in avoidable cases earned that trust, by showing its neighbours of injustice and abuse to people surrended by one EU it has a criminal justice system that country to another to face trial or serve a prison sentence. guarantees fair trials.” Members of LEAP have worked together on extradition Vice-President of the European Commission Viviane cases to ensure that suspects’ rights are upheld in both Reding, March 2010 the receiving and requesting states. For many years, LEAP members have raised concerns about suspects being extradited to face trials for minor offences, spending months in pre-trial detention, or being subjected to serious violations of their fundamental rights.

The EU must deliver much-needed reforms to the European Arrest Warrant to ensure that extradition does not violate fundamental human rights and ensure that its laws on defence rights provide a sound base for mutual cooperation.

25 Bedford Row), Sofia Monge (Portugal, Carlos Pinto de Abreu), Ondřej Múka (Czech Republic, Advokatni Kancelar), Patrick Musters (UK, BTMK and Andrew Keenan and Co), Karla Nahtigal (Slovenia, Nahtigal Ltd), Anders Németh (Denmark, Advokatselskabet Anders K Németh), Roumen Petrov (Bulgaria, Georgieva, Petrov, Nenkov, Georgiev Law Firm), Nicholas Philpot (UK), Mikolaj Pietrzak (UK, Pietrzak & Sidor), Renata Pinter (UK, Tuckers Solicitors), Georgios Pyromallis (Greece, George Pyromallis Law Office), Jozef Rammelt (Netherlands, Keizer Advocaten), Olivier Rangeon (France,), Tunde Marika Renner (Romania), Dara Robinson (Ireland, Sheehan & Partners),In FedericoHungary, Romolirecent proposals(Italy, Studio In LegaleGreece, Romoli),although alternativesDaniel Roos In(Sweden, Lithuania, Advokatfirman detention orders are Sederholm), In Spain, theZuzanna power ofRudzińska secreto (Poland, Wardyńskiwould and amend Partners), the NadineHungarian Sant to (Malta, detention Great (including James electronic Street Chambers),frequently “rubber-stamped” Roby Schons by(Luxembourg, sumarial allowsBarreau judges du Luxembourg), to Jeroen SoetemanCriminal Code (Netherlands, to allow Jebbinkthe tagging) Soetetman), exist in law, Elias these Stephanou are young (Cyprus, and inexperiencedKSCP Juris), judgesBrian Storanprevent (UK, defendants Criminal Courtsand their of Justice), Jakob Tamburskiindefinite pre-trial(Poland), detention Martynas of Tamosaitisnot used in (Lithuania, practice. Suspects APB Meidus who ir do Juzukonis), not consider theJaanus suspect’s Tehver lawyers (Estonia, receiving Tehver the& Partners), case Karen Todner suspects(UK, Kaim accused Todner), of murder. Janusz This Tomczakare frequently (Poland, detained Wardynski on the andpersonal Partners), circumstances. Dominique Tricaudfile, (France, making Tricaud-Traynard it impossible to Avocats would lead to suspects (some of seriousness of the offence alone challenge detention. Associés),whom Alexandros may be cleared Tsagkalidis at trial) (Greece, and in Anagnostopoulosbreach of Greek law. Law Firm), Han Vallenduuk (Netherlands, Vallenduuk Advocaten), Wafa Shah (UK,detained Doughty for years Street on end Chambers), without Oliver Wallasch (Germany, Wallasch & Koch), Johanna Wöran (Austria, Deutscher Bundestag), Wouter trial.Van Ballegooij (Netherlands, European Parliament), Matyas Bencze (Hungary, University of Debrecen), James Brannan (UK, European Court of Human Rights), Emma Disley (UK, RAND Europe), Jacqueline Hodgson (UK, University of Warwick), Erika Jamborne (Hungary, University of Miskolc), Mar Jimeno-Bulnes (Spain, Universidad de Burgos), Marije Knapen (Netherlands, Avans Centre for Public Safety & Criminal Justice at the University of Tilburg), Bas Leeuw (Netherlands, University of Leiden), Katerina Mantouvalou (UK, Senior Consultant in ICF GHK’s European Social Policy Group), Ellen Ruth Moerman (Netherlands, Legal Interpreter), Fernando Niembro (Spain, Estudio Juridico), Ali Norouzi (Germany, Widmaier Norouzi Rechtsanwälte), ANuala Mole (UK, AIRE CentBalázs Tóth (Hungary, Hungarian Helsinki Committee), Sabine Zanker (UK, Hibiscus). The Legal Experts Advisory Panel (LEAP) LEAP provides a unique opportunity for strategic networking between criminal justice and human rights experts in Europe, currently bringing together 85 expert defence practitioners, 20 NGOs and 17 academics from 28 EU countries. Members have in-depth knowledge of Europe’s many criminal justice systems and a broad understanding of the many barriers to justice. LEAP meets regularly to discuss criminal justice issues, identify common concerns, share examples of best practice and identify priorities for reform of law and practice. Fair Trials International (as coordinator of LEAP) has convened 12 LEAP meetings in the last year (taking place in Belgium, France, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK) involving over 200 participants. LEAP has identified clear priorities (set out in this document) for future work by the European Union to make fair trial rights a reality in Europe. LEAP’s Annual Conference took place in October 2013, bringing together over 70 experts representing 23 Member States to discuss the future of criminal justice in Europe. A detailed report following the meeting will be published in 2014 and launched at the European Parliament. LEAP working group in London discussing pre-trial If you are interested in joining LEAP, or receiving regularly detention reform, October 2013 updates on its work, please email [email protected].

Aldis Alliks (Latvia, VARUL), Catharine Almond (Ireland, Sheehan and Partners), Joao Barroso Neto (Portugal, Carlos Pinto de Abreu), Rachel Barnes (UK, 3 Raymond Buildings), Myrddin Bouwman (Netherlands, Van Appia & Van der Le), Inga Botyriene (Lithuania, Key:I.Botyrienės ir R.A.Kučinskaitės Vilniaus advokatų kontora), Danut-Ioan Bugnariu (Romania, Bugnariu Avocati), Ben Cooper (UK, Doughty Street Chambers), Vania Costa Ramos (Portugal, Carlos Pinto de Abreu), Scott Crosby (Belgium, Kemmler Rapp NGOBöhlke & Crosby), Anand Doobay (UK, Peters and Peters), Robert Eagar (Ireland, Sheehan & Partners), Andrejs Latvia LawyerElksnins (Latvia, S.Varpins and A.Elksnins Law Office), Joanna Evans (UK, S.Varpins and A.Elksnins Law Office), Mike Evans (UK, Kaim Todner), Henry Feltenstein (Spain, Corporate Defense), Hans Gaasbeek Academic/Expert (Netherlands, Lawyers without Borders), Cliff Gatzweiler (Germany, Self- Employed), Markku Fredman (Finland, Fredman and Mansson), George Gebbie (UK, Advocates Library), Orestis Georgiadis (Greece, Goulielmos D. And Partners in Thessaloniki), Carlos Gomez-Jara (Spain, Corporate4 Defence), Edward Grange (UK, Hodge Jones and Allen), Alexandru Grosu (Romania, Grosu & Asociatii Advocats), Fulvia Guardascione (Italy, Studio Legale Vetrano), Arturas Gutauskas (Lithuania, Varul5 6 Law Firm), Aurelijus Gutauskas (Lithuania, Justice of the Supreme Court of Lithuania and Academic, Mylokolas Romeris University), Marie Guiraud (France), Sanna Herlin (Sweden, Tre Advokater), John Jones (UK,17 Doughty5 Street Chambers), Hans Kjellund (Denmark, Advokaterne Sankt Knuds Tory P/S), Titia Korff (Netherlands, Pijnenburg Advocaten),4 Maciej Kusmierczyk (Poland, Małecki4 & Rychłowski and Academic), Dr. Ondrej Laciak (Slovakia, Laciak Law Office), Christiaan Luyckx (Belgium, Van Alsenoy & Partners), Gabor Magyar (Hungary, Magyar György és Társai), Asya Mandjukova (Bulgaria, Georgieva, Petrov, Nenkov, Georgiev Law Firm), Christophe Marchand (Belgium, JusCogens avocats-advocaten), Panayota Massouridou (Greece), Gary McAteer (Scotland, Beltrami and Company), David McKie (Scotland, Levy and McRae Solicitors), Hugh Mercer QC (UK, Essex Court Chambers), Christian Mesia (Spain, RCD Legal & Tax Advisors), Jonathan Mitchell (UK, 25 Bedford Row), Sofia Monge (Portugal, 4 Carlos Pinto de Abreu), Ondřej Múka (Czech Republic, Advokatni Kancelar), Patrick Musters (UK, BTMK and Andrew Keenan and Co), Karla Nahtigal (Slovenia, Nahtigal Ltd), Anders Németh (Denmark, Advokatselskabet Anders K Németh), Roumen Petrov (Bulgaria, Georgieva, Petrov, Nenkov, Georgiev Law Firm), Nicholas Philpot (UK), Mikolaj Pietrzak (UK, Pietrzak & Sidor), Renata Pinter (UK, Tuckers Solicitors), Georgios Pyromallis (Greece, George Pyromallis Law Office), Jozef Rammelt (Netherlands, Keizer Advocaten), Olivier Rangeon (France,), Tunde Marika Renner (Romania), Dara Robinson (Ireland, Sheehan & Partners), Federico Romoli (Italy, Studio Legale Romoli), Daniel Roos (Sweden, Advokatfirman Sederholm), Zuzanna Rudzińska (Poland,4 Wardyński and Partners), Nadine Sant (Malta, Great James Street Chambers), Roby Schons (Luxembourg, Barreau du Luxembourg), Jeroen Soeteman (Netherlands, Jebbink Soetetman), Elias Stephanou (Cyprus, KSCP Juris), Brian Storan (UK, Criminal Courts of Justice), Jakob Tamburski (Poland), Martynas Tamosaitis (Lithuania, APB Meidus ir Juzukonis), Jaanus Tehver (Estonia, Tehver & Partners), Karen Todner (UK, Kaim Todner), Janusz Tomczak (Poland, Wardynski and Partners), Dominique Tricaud (France, Tricaud-Traynard Avocats Legal Experts Advisory Panel, c/o Fair Trials International, Temple Chambers, 3/7 LEAP is supported by the Open Society Foundations, the Oak Foundation, the Associés),Temple Alexandros Avenue, London, Tsagkalidis EC4Y 0HP, (Greece, United Kingdom Anagnostopoulos Law Firm),Clifford Han Chance Vallenduuk Foundation (Netherlands, and the European VallenduukUnion Advocaten), Wafa Shah (UK,(+44) Doughty 20 7822 2370,Street [email protected] Chambers), Oliver Wallasch (Germany, Wallasch & Koch), Johanna Wöran (Austria, Deutscher Bundestag), This publication has been produced with the financial Wouter Van Ballegooij (Netherlands, European Parliament), Matyas Bencze (Hungary, University of Debrecen), James Brannan (UK, Fair Trials International is a Registered Charity (No. 1134586) and is registered with support of the Criminal Justice Programme of the European Europeanlimited Court liability of Human(No. 7135273). Rights), Emma Disley (UK, RAND Europe), Jacqueline HodgsonCommission. (UK, The University contents of of this Warwick), publication areErika the Jambornesole responsibility of Fair Trials International and can in no way (Hungary,www. University legalexpertsnetwork.org of Miskolc), Mar Jimeno-Bulnes (Spain, Universidad de Burgos),be takenMarije to reflect Knapen the views (Netherlands, of the European Avans Commission. Centre for Public Safety twitter.com/fairtrials & Criminal Justice facebook.com/fairtrials at the University of Tilburg), Bas Leeuw (Netherlands, University of Leiden), Katerina Mantouvalou (UK, Senior Consultant in ICF GHK’s European Social Policy Group), Ellen Ruth Moerman (Netherlands, Legal Interpreter), Fernando Niembro (Spain, Estudio Juridico), Ali Norouzi (Germany, Widmaier Norouzi Rechtsanwälte), Anna Ogorodova (Netherlands, University of Maastricht), Raphaele Parizot (France, l’Université Paris I Panthéon – Sorbonne), Erika Roth (Hungary, University of Miskolc) Demetra Sorviati (Cyprus, University of Nicoisa), Jørn Vestergaard (Denmark, University of Copenhagen), Marianne Wade (Germany, University of Birmingham), Liesbeth Baetens (Netherlands, Faber Inter), Jodie Blackstock (UK, JUSTICE), Cristinel Buzatu (Romania, APADOR), Theodora Christou (UK, AIRE Centre), Deirdre Duffy (Ireland, ICCL), Antonio Graziadei (Italy, Avocats sans Frontiers), Diana- Olivia Hatneanu (Romania, APADOR), Liam Herrick (Ireland, Irish Penal Reform Trust), Paolo Iorio (Italy, Avocats sans Frontieres), Marion Isobel (Hungary, Open Society Justice Initiative), Andras Kadar (Hungary, Hungarian Helsinki Committee), Dinko Kanchev (Bulgaria, Bulgarian Lawyers for Human Rights Foundation), Liese Katschinka (Netherlands, EULITA), Natacha Kazatchkine (Belgium, Amnesty International), Karolis Liutkevicius (Lithuania, Human Rights Monitoring Institute), Nuala Mole (UK, AIRE Centre), Grace Mulvey (Ireland, ICCL), Zaza Namoradze (Hungary, Open Society Justice Initiative), Neil Paterson (Belgium, Steunpunt Algemeen Welzijnswerk), Matthew Pinches (UK, Prisoners Abroad), Ilvija Puce (Latvia, European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment), Maria Chiara Ruzza (Italy, Avocats sans Frontieres), Balázs Tóth (Hungary, Hungarian Helsinki Committee), Sabine Zanker (UK, Hibiscus).