Compilation of Forestry Terms and Definitions
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FORESTRY SECTOR POLICY GOAL, OBJECTIVES and STRATEGIES
National Forest Policy, Timor-Leste, December 2005 SUPPORT for the FORMULATION of a NATIONAL FOREST POLICY STATEMENT – TIMOR LESTE FORESTRY SECTOR POLICY GOAL, OBJECTIVES and STRATEGIES Introduction The National Development Plan (2002) assigns the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (MAFF) as the Government agency having prime responsibility for forestry development. New law defined the Ministry’s mandate and structure in 2002. The National Directorate of Coffee and Forestry (NDCF) is one of three national directorates within the ministry and has broad responsibilities for community forestry, watershed management, forest protection, plantation forestry, protected natural areas development and other aspects of forestry development. The National Development Plan emphasises a sustainable approach to the development and management of the forest resources of the country. It recognizes that forests are important for their biological diversity and that forest conservation is a priority task in forest development planning. National development strategies recognise the limited ability of NDCF to support field programmes and it asserts that they will mainly focus on improving that capability and assist in providing the basic steps that will enable the NDCF to work towards achieving the national objective of sustainable forest management. The strategies also attempt to make a contribution to other relevant Government short-term objectives, such as rural poverty alleviation. The NDCF will make a major contribution towards combating deforestation and forest degradation by initiating, in close cooperation with other sections of MAFF, a series of integrated programmes that will closely involve rural communities. Emphasis will be placed on reducing the adverse effects of shifting cultivation and other pressures on forests and encouraging the participation of communities to protect forests and watersheds. -
Forest Management Planning
Forest Management Planning Basic knowledge Welcome to the Forest Management Planning Module. This module is intended for forest owners and managers wishing to plan SFM activities and to enable monitoring and control. The module provides information and links to tools and case studies, to guide users in planning the implementation of SFM at the forest management unit level. Forest management is the process of planning and implementing practices for the stewardship and use of forests and other wooded land targeted at specific environmental, economic, social and cultural objectives. Forest management planning is a fundamental component of SFM, and it may be required at various scales, from local to national; this module focuses on the local (or forest management unit) scale. The role of forest management planning is to determine and express the objectives of forest management in a specified area of forest and to set out the steps to be taken to achieve those objectives. Forest management planning is important for many reasons. For example, it can: help forest owners and managers identify what they want from the forest and provide an efficient course of action to meet those objectives; provide a means by which stakeholders can participate in forest management and ensure clarity on the roles and responsibilities of the various stakeholders; ensure the existence and functionality of the resource while also increasing its value (e.g. specifying where, how and under what conditions and constraints the resource may be used); save time and reduce costs (e.g. in road construction and wood harvesting); reduce risks and their impacts and avoid potentially costly forest management mistakes (e.g. -
Fifth World Forestry Congress
Proceedings of the Fifth World Forestry Congress VOLUME 1 RE University of Washington, Seattle, Washington United States of America August 29September 10, 1960 The President of the United States of America DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER Patron Fifth World Forestry Congress III Contents VOLUME 1 Page Chapter1.Summary and Recommendations of the Congress 1 Chapter 2.Planning for the Congress 8 Chapter3.Local Arrangements for the Congress 11 Chapter 4.The Congress and its Program 15 Chapter 5.Opening Ceremonies 19 Chapter6. Plenary Sessions 27 Chapter 7.Special Congress Events 35 Chapitre 1.Sommaire et recommandations du Congrès 40 Chapitre 2.Preparation des plans en vue du Congrès 48 Chapitre 3.Arrangements locaux en vue du Congrès 50 Chapitre 4.Le Congrès et son programme 51 Chapitre 5.Cérémonies d'ouverture 52 Chapitre 6.Seances plénières 59 Chapitre 7.Activités spéciales du Congrès 67 CapItullo1. Sumario y Recomendaciones del Congreso 70 CapItulo 2.Planes para el Congreso 78 CapItulo 3.Actividades Locales del Congreso 80 CapItulo 4.El Congreso y su Programa 81 CapItulo 5.Ceremonia de Apertura 81 CapItulo 6.Sesiones Plenarias 88 CapItulo 7.Actos Especiales del Congreso 96 Chapter8. Congress Tours 99 Chapter9.Appendices 118 Appendix A.Committee Memberships 118 Appendix B.Rules of Procedure 124 Appendix C.Congress Secretariat 127 Appendix D.Machinery Exhibitors Directory 128 Appendix E.List of Financial Contributors 130 Appendix F.List of Participants 131 First General Session 141 Multiple Use of Forest Lands Utilisation multiple des superficies boisées Aprovechamiento Multiple de Terrenos Forestales Second General Session 171 Multiple Use of Forest Lands Utilisation multiple des superficies boisées Aprovechamiento Multiple de Terrenos Forestales Iv Contents Page Third General Session 189 Progress in World Forestry Progrés accomplis dans le monde en sylviculture Adelantos en la Silvicultura Mundial Section I.Silviculture and Management 241 Sessions A and B. -
Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Human Activities
4 Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Human Activities CO-CHAIRS D. Kupfer (Germany, Fed. Rep.) R. Karimanzira (Zimbabwe) CONTENTS AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND OTHER HUMAN ACTIVITIES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 77 4.1 INTRODUCTION 85 4.2 FOREST RESPONSE STRATEGIES 87 4.2.1 Special Issues on Boreal Forests 90 4.2.1.1 Introduction 90 4.2.1.2 Carbon Sinks of the Boreal Region 90 4.2.1.3 Consequences of Climate Change on Emissions 90 4.2.1.4 Possibilities to Refix Carbon Dioxide: A Case Study 91 4.2.1.5 Measures and Policy Options 91 4.2.1.5.1 Forest Protection 92 4.2.1.5.2 Forest Management 92 4.2.1.5.3 End Uses and Biomass Conversion 92 4.2.2 Special Issues on Temperate Forests 92 4.2.2.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Temperate Forests 92 4.2.2.2 Global Warming: Impacts and Effects on Temperate Forests 93 4.2.2.3 Costs of Forestry Countermeasures 93 4.2.2.4 Constraints on Forestry Measures 94 4.2.3 Special Issues on Tropical Forests 94 4.2.3.1 Introduction to Tropical Deforestation and Climatic Concerns 94 4.2.3.2 Forest Carbon Pools and Forest Cover Statistics 94 4.2.3.3 Estimates of Current Rates of Forest Loss 94 4.2.3.4 Patterns and Causes of Deforestation 95 4.2.3.5 Estimates of Current Emissions from Forest Land Clearing 97 4.2.3.6 Estimates of Future Forest Loss and Emissions 98 4.2.3.7 Strategies to Reduce Emissions: Types of Response Options 99 4.2.3.8 Policy Options 103 75 76 IPCC RESPONSE STRATEGIES WORKING GROUP REPORTS 4.3 AGRICULTURE RESPONSE STRATEGIES 105 4.3.1 Summary of Agricultural Emissions of Greenhouse Gases 105 4.3.2 Measures and -
Status and Development of Old-Growth Elements and Biodiversity During Secondary Succession of Unmanaged Temperate Forests
Status and development of old-growth elementsand biodiversity of old-growth and development Status during secondary succession of unmanaged temperate forests temperate unmanaged of succession secondary during Status and development of old-growth elements and biodiversity during secondary succession of unmanaged temperate forests Kris Vandekerkhove RESEARCH INSTITUTE NATURE AND FOREST Herman Teirlinckgebouw Havenlaan 88 bus 73 1000 Brussel RESEARCH INSTITUTE INBO.be NATURE AND FOREST Doctoraat KrisVDK.indd 1 29/08/2019 13:59 Auteurs: Vandekerkhove Kris Promotor: Prof. dr. ir. Kris Verheyen, Universiteit Gent, Faculteit Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen, Vakgroep Omgeving, Labo voor Bos en Natuur (ForNaLab) Uitgever: Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek Herman Teirlinckgebouw Havenlaan 88 bus 73 1000 Brussel Het INBO is het onafhankelijk onderzoeksinstituut van de Vlaamse overheid dat via toegepast wetenschappelijk onderzoek, data- en kennisontsluiting het biodiversiteits-beleid en -beheer onderbouwt en evalueert. e-mail: [email protected] Wijze van citeren: Vandekerkhove, K. (2019). Status and development of old-growth elements and biodiversity during secondary succession of unmanaged temperate forests. Doctoraatsscriptie 2019(1). Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek, Brussel. D/2019/3241/257 Doctoraatsscriptie 2019(1). ISBN: 978-90-403-0407-1 DOI: doi.org/10.21436/inbot.16854921 Verantwoordelijke uitgever: Maurice Hoffmann Foto cover: Grote hoeveelheden zwaar dood hout en monumentale bomen in het bosreservaat Joseph Zwaenepoel -
Non-Timber Forest Products and Their Contribution to Households Income
Suleiman et al. Ecological Processes (2017) 6:23 DOI 10.1186/s13717-017-0090-8 RESEARCH Open Access Non-timber forest products and their contribution to households income around Falgore Game Reserve in Kano, Nigeria Muhammad Sabiu Suleiman1*, Vivian Oliver Wasonga1, Judith Syombua Mbau1, Aminu Suleiman2 and Yazan Ahmed Elhadi1 Abstract Introduction: In the recent decades, there has been growing interest in the contribution of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) to livelihoods, development, and poverty alleviation among the rural populace. This has been prompted by the fact that communities living adjacent to forest reserves rely to a great extent on the NTFPs for their livelihoods, and therefore any effort to conserve such resources should as a prerequisite understand how the host communities interact with them. Methods: Multistage sampling technique was used for the study. A representative sample of 400 households was used to explore the utilization of NTFPs and their contribution to households’ income in communities proximate to Falgore Game Reserve (FGR) in Kano State, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze and summarize the data collected. Results: The findings reveal that communities proximate to FGR mostly rely on the reserve for firewood, medicinal herbs, fodder, and fruit nuts for household use and sales. Income from NTFPs accounts for 20–60% of the total income of most (68%) of the sampled households. The utilization of NTFPs was significantly influenced by age, sex, household size, main occupation, distance to forest and market. Conclusions: The findings suggest that NTFPs play an important role in supporting livelihoods, and therefore provide an important safety net for households throughout the year particularly during periods of hardship occasioned by drought. -
Current Issues in Non-Timber Forest Products Research
New Cover 6/24/98 9:56 PM Page 1 Current Issues in Non-Timber Forest Products Research Edited by M. Ruiz Pérez and J.E.M. Arnold CIFOR CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH Front pages 6/24/98 10:02 PM Page 1 CURRENT ISSUES IN NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH Front pages 6/24/98 10:02 PM Page 3 CURRENT ISSUES IN NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH Proceedings of the Workshop ÒResearch on NTFPÓ Hot Springs, Zimbabwe 28 August - 2 September 1995 Editors: M. Ruiz PŽrez and J.E.M. Arnold with the assistance of Yvonne Byron CIFOR CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH Front pages 6/24/98 10:02 PM Page 4 © 1996 by Center for International Forestry Research All rights reserved. Published 1996. Printed in Indonesia Reprinted July 1997 ISBN: 979-8764-06-4 Cover: Children selling baobab fruits near Hot Springs, Zimbabwe (photo: Manuel Ruiz PŽrez) Center for International Forestry Research Bogor, Indonesia Mailing address: PO Box 6596 JKPWB, Jakarta 10065, Indonesia Front pages 6/24/98 10:02 PM Page 5 Contents Foreword vii Contributors ix Chapter 1: Framing the Issues Relating to Non-Timber Forest Products Research 1 J.E. Michael Arnold and Manuel Ruiz PŽrez Chapter 2: Observations on the Sustainable Exploitation of Non-Timber Tropical Forest Products An EcologistÕs Perspective Charles M. Peters 19 Chapter 3: Not Seeing the Animals for the Trees The Many Values of Wild Animals in Forest Ecosystems 41 Kent H. Redford Chapter 4: Modernisation and Technological Dualism in the Extractive Economy in Amazonia 59 Alfredo K.O. -
The Effect of Alternative Forest Management Models on the Forest Harvest and Emissions As Compared to the Forest Reference Level
Article The Effect of Alternative Forest Management Models on the Forest Harvest and Emissions as Compared to the Forest Reference Level 1,2, 1 3 1, 1 Mykola Gusti * , Fulvio Di Fulvio , Peter Biber , Anu Korosuo y and Nicklas Forsell 1 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria; [email protected] (F.D.F.); [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (N.F.) 2 International Information Department of the Institute of Applied Mathematics and Fundamental Sciences, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera Str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine 3 Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Current affiliation: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, TP 261, Via E. Fermi 2749, y I-21027 Ispra, Italy. Received: 2 June 2020; Accepted: 21 July 2020; Published: 23 July 2020 Abstract: Background and Objectives: Under the Paris Agreement, the European Union (EU) sets rules for accounting the greenhouse gas emissions and removals from forest land (FL). According to these rules, the average FL emissions of each member state in 2021–2025 (compliance period 1, CP1) and in 2026–2030 (compliance period 2, CP2) will be compared to a projected forest reference level (FRL). The FRL is estimated by modelling forest development under fixed forest management practices, based on those observed in 2000–2009. In this context, the objective of this study was to estimate the effects of large-scale uptake of alternative forest management models (aFMMs), developed in the ALTERFOR project (Alternative models and robust decision-making for future forest management), on forest harvest and forest carbon sink, considering that the proposed aFMMs are expanded to most of the suitable areas in EU27+UK and Turkey. -
Logging Slash and Forest Protection
Research Bulletin 109 Logging Slash and Forest Protection RAPHAEL ZON and RUSSELL N. CUNNINGHAM Lake States Forest Experiment Station Agricultural Experiment Station of the Uni'ilersit)? of Wisconsin, Madison, co-operating ~ith the Lake States Forest Experiment Station, the Wisconsin Conser'i'ation Commission, and the Northern Hemlock and Hard~ood Manufacturers Association I CONTENTS Introduction . 1 Extent of Slash in Northern Wisconsin . .......................• 3 Definition of "Slash" . 3 Area and Age of Slashings . 3 Kinds of Slash . ff Probable Area of Future Slashings . ff Slash as a Fire Hazard . .. 9 Present Character of Slash . 9 Amount of Slash Left After Loggin!~ . • 9 Inflammability of Slash ........... ........................ 11 <Suppression of Slash Fires ........ .. ........................ 14 Damage Done by Slash Fires .... ........................ 15 Slash and Frequency of Forest Fires ........................ 15 Life of Slash as an Extra Forest Fire Hazard ......... ..... 16 Method of Logging and Slash Accumulation ..................... 20 Fire Hazard Reduced Under Selectiv·e Logging .............. 20 How May Slash Hazard Be Reduced .... ........................ 24 Close Utilization and Selective Logg:ing . .. .......... .. ..... 24 Slash Disposal ................... ...... ................. 25 Broadcast Burning ............... .. ........ ............ .. 25 Piling and Burning ..... ......... .. ........................ 26 Progressive or Swamper Burning . ...... .. .................. 28 Lopping and Scattering .•......... -
XIX DEVELOPMENT and CHARACTERISTICS of HIGH FOREST SYSTEMS I. DEVELOPMENT of SYSTEMS the Development of the Various Silvicultura
XIX DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH FOREST SYSTEMS I. DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEMS THEdevelopment of the various silvicultural systems of the present day has been brought about by a combination of silvicultural con- siderations on the one hand and economic considerations on the other. The former relate to conditions of growth and regeneration, maintenance of soil-fertility, and protection against damage of various kinds; the latter take into account market or other demands, reduction of working costs, and other factors of an economic character. A study of the history of the various high forest systems affords interesting evidence as to how these systems have arisen. The selection system in its scientific form of to-day is of recent introduc- tion, although it arose from a primitive form of cutting dating from early times. Clear cutting has been practised for some centuries, at first with natural and later with artificial regeneration, but it was only in the beginning of last century that it was systematized in its present form by Cotta. The uniform system has been evolved during the last four centuries or more, although it was first applied in its present-day form by G. L. Hartig rather more than a century ago; there is little doubt that it arose from the now obsolete tire et aire system of France or from similar old systems of Germany. Group fellings were systematized by Gayer in the latter part of last century, although they had been practised many years before. The shelter-wood strip system, representing an important modern de- velopment, was adapted from the uniform system, while Wagner's BZendersaumschlag and the wedge system of Eberhard and Philipp are more recent modifications of the strip system. -
1 Willingness to Pay for Environmental Services Among Slash-And Burn Farmers in the Peruvian Amazon
WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES AMONG SLASH-AND BURN FARMERS IN THE PERUVIAN AMAZON: IMPLICATIONS FOR DEFORESTATION AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS Joyotee Smith1, Susana Mourato2, Erik Veneklaas3, Ricardo Labarta3, Keneth Reategui3, Glendy Sanchez3 1 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia 2 Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE), University College London and University of East Anglia, UK 3 Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia INTRODUCTION Traditional approaches to halting tropical deforestation by small-scale farmers have primarily focused on increasing the private benefits of sustainable alternatives, such as agroforestry (Current, et al., 1985), or on increasing the costs of deforestation by correcting domestic policy distortions (Vosti, et al., 1997). This study seeks to enhance the effectiveness of these approaches by investigating whether the global environmental values of forests can be captured by farmers in developing countries. Specifically we investigate the possibility of small-scale farmers in the Peruvian Amazon supplying carbon sequestration services. International trade in carbon sequestration services is permitted under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol to the Climate Change Convention (1997). If gains to trade exist, farmers in developing countries could be compensated for increasing forested areas on their farms, by carbon emitters in developed countries. We use the Contingent Valuation Method (Freeman, 1994; Mitchell and Carson, 1989) to elicit the compensation required by farmers to switch to a land use system which would lower carbon emissions. These values are then compared to the cost of emission reduction by switching to cleaner fuels. Our estimates of the cost of supplying carbon sequestration services through forestry activities is one of the rare estimates relating to small-scale farmers (Ridley, 1997). -
Structure and Management of Beech (Fagus Sylvatica L.) Forests in Italy
Review Article - doi: 10.3832/ifor0499-002 ©iForest – Biogeosciences and Forestry Collection: COST Action E52 Meeting 2008 - Florence (Italy) over the country. Evaluation of beech genetic resources for sustainable forestry Economic and social changes in the last Guest Editors: Georg von Wühlisch, Raffaello Giannini decades have brought about changes in the forestry sector in Italy, which, in turn, have impacted forests and forest management. Structure and management of beech (Fagus Beech forests have not been immune to these changes and in some ways represent an inter- sylvatica L.) forests in Italy esting case study on the changing perspect- ives of forest management in the face of changing environmental and socio economic Nocentini S conditions. This paper analyses the relationship Beech forests characterise the landscape of many mountain areas in Italy, from between stand structure and the management the Alps to the southern regions. This paper analyses the relationship between history of beech forests in Italy. The aim is stand structure and the management history of beech in Italy. The aim is to to outline possible strategies for the sustain- outline possible strategies for the sustainable management of these forest able management of these forest formations. formations. The present structure of beech forests in Italy is the result of many interacting factors. According to the National Forest Inventory, more than half Distribution of beech forests in the total area covered by beech has a long history of coppicing. High forests Italy cover 34% of the total beech area and 13% have complex structures which Beech forests are present in all the regions have not been classified in regular types.