Republic of the Marshall Islands

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Republic of the Marshall Islands Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations Republic of the Marshall Islands Patrick Rawstorne, Robyn Drysdale, Rachel Nicholls, Heather Worth, Michelle O’Connor, Scott McGill Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Republic of the Marshall Islands Acknowledgements The team would very much like to thank Women United Together Marshall Islands, particularly Kathryn Relang, for all their assistance and support with this project. Our thanks also to Youth to Youth in Health and the RMI Ministry of Health, Marie Maddison for translation of the behavioural surveys. We are also grateful to research assistants Adelma Louis and Loreena Maio and to Kristy for the recruitment of FSW. Special thanks also to the research assistants from the MSM/TG community who prefer not to be named. We thank as well all of the participants who gave their time and shared their stories. 2 Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Republic of the Marshall Islands Table of contents Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations .......................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. 2 Table of contents ..................................................................................................................... 3 List of tables ............................................................................................................................. 5 Definitions ....................................................................................................................... 7 Executive summary ................................................................................................................. 8 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 12 2 Marshall Islands ............................................................................................................ 13 2.1 Men who have sex with men and transgender ................................................ 14 2.2 Female sex workers ............................................................................................ 15 3 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 16 3.1 Population size estimation ................................................................................ 16 3.2 Behavioural survey and interviews .................................................................. 17 3.2.1 Men who have sex with men and transgender ...................................... 17 3.2.2 Female sex workers .................................................................................. 17 3.3 Institutional capacity assessment .................................................................... 18 4 Results ........................................................................................................................... 19 4.1 Population size estimation ................................................................................ 19 4.2 Behavioural survey ............................................................................................. 20 4.2.1 Transgender and men who have sex with men ..................................... 20 4.2.1.1 Description of the sample ...................................................................... 20 4.2.1.2 Sexual history and practice ................................................................... 22 4.2.1.3 Sexually transmissible infections, including HIV ................................... 27 4.2.1.4 Stigmatising attitudes towards people living with HIV ........................... 29 4.2.1.5 Stigma and discrimination observed in the community ......................... 29 4.2.1.6 Emotional and physical well-being ........................................................ 30 4.2.1.7 Access to health services ...................................................................... 32 4.2.1.8 HIV testing.............................................................................................. 34 4.2.1.9 Alcohol and drug use ............................................................................. 35 4.2.2 Female sex workers .................................................................................. 36 4.2.2.1 Description of the sample ...................................................................... 36 4.2.2.2 Sexual history and practice ................................................................... 38 4.2.2.3 Alcohol and drug use ............................................................................. 45 4.2.2.4 Sexually transmissible infections, including HIV ................................... 46 4.2.2.5 Knowledge about HIV and AIDS ........................................................... 47 4.2.2.6 Stigmatising attitudes towards people living with HIV ........................... 48 4.2.2.7 Stigma and discrimination observed in the community ......................... 49 4.2.2.8 Access to health services ...................................................................... 50 4.2.2.9 HIV testing.............................................................................................. 51 4.3 In-depth Interviews ............................................................................................. 52 4.3.1 Transgender and men who have sex with men ..................................... 52 3 Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Republic of the Marshall Islands 4.3.1.1 Identity .................................................................................................... 52 4.3.1.2 Sexual behaviour ................................................................................... 53 4.3.1.3 Stigma and discrimination ..................................................................... 54 4.3.1.4 Condom use ........................................................................................... 55 4.3.1.5 Access to services ................................................................................. 56 4.3.2 Female sex workers .................................................................................. 57 4.3.2.1 Sexual behaviour ................................................................................... 58 4.3.2.2 Condom use ........................................................................................... 59 4.3.2.3 HIV and STI testing ................................................................................ 60 4.3.2.4 Stigma .................................................................................................... 61 4.4 Institutional capacity assessment: HIV organisations and services............ 62 4.4.1 Organisational mapping ........................................................................... 62 4.4.2 HIV and STI prevention activities in the Marshall Islands .................... 63 4.4.2.1 National oversight, coordination and funding ........................................ 63 4.4.2.2 HIV and STI testing, counselling and treatment .................................... 63 4.4.2.3 Condom distribution ............................................................................... 64 4.4.2.4 Peer education and outreach ................................................................ 64 4.4.2.5 Strategic health communication ............................................................ 64 4.4.2.6 Advocacy and legislation ....................................................................... 64 4.4.2.7 Other support services........................................................................... 64 4.4.3 Cross-cutting organisational strengths.................................................. 65 4.4.4 Cross-cutting organisational capacity-building needs......................... 65 4.4.5 Identified capacity-building resources ................................................... 65 References .............................................................................................................................. 66 Annex 1: UNAIDS GARP data needs .......................................................................... 68 4 Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Republic of the Marshall Islands List of tables Table 1: Population size estimation ......................................................................................... 19 Table 2: Sexual identity ........................................................................................................... 20 Table 3: Highest level of education ......................................................................................... 20 Table 4: Relationship status .................................................................................................... 21 Table 5: Whom participants were living with (n=10)* .............................................................. 21 Table 6: Employment status .................................................................................................... 21 Table
Recommended publications
  • Natural Law and the Regulation of Sexuality: a Critique
    Richmond Journalof Law and the Public Interest S'ummer 2004 Natural Law and the Regulation of Sexuality: A Critique Dr. Brent L. Pickett' The authorwishes to thank David Mapel and PatrickBlythe for their comments and suggestions on previous drafts of this essay. Today, natural law theory offers the most common intellectual defense for the differential treatment of gays and lesbians. Leading natural law theorists, such as John Finnis,2 Robert George,3 and Richard Duncan,4 have eagerly inserted themselves into debates about law and sexuality. If their arguments are sound, it is permissible to treat gays and lesbians differentially as a matter of law. Natural law theorists defend a range of policies in this regard, from anti- sodomy laws, to allowing persons to discriminate against gays and lesbians in employment and housing, to a fierce opposition to same-sex unions or, in their watered-down version, civil unions. In general, natural law theorists believe that it is rational for the state to 'discourage' homosexuality through such policies. Furthermore, they believe that other laws regulating sexuality are permissible and potentially beneficial, such as forbidding the sale of contraceptives to unmarried persons. I will argue that the natural-law understanding of sexuality, and its application to the law, is deeply flawed, in regards to homosexuality and sodomy. I begin by laying out some of the foundations of the natural law position. Central to the position is an account of human goods that are seen as good in themselves, and hence as rational bases for choice and human action. In regards to sexuality, the two most important goods, at least from the natural law perspective, are those of marriage and personal integration.
    [Show full text]
  • The Process of Sexual Becoming Chris Graham City University Of
    Running head: EXISTENTIAL SEXUALITIES 1 Existential sexualities: The process of sexual becoming Chris Graham City University of Seattle, Calgary Campus EXISTENTIAL SEXUALITIES 2 Abstract This research project explores the lived experience of sexual becoming from an existential lens. Research linking philosophical conceptions of existential sexualities with lived experience is lacking in existing academic literature, and this research attempts to give voice to lived experience in the process of sexual becoming. A qualitative framework was employed, using a descriptive phenomenological approach to interview participants and identify themes in the existential process of sexual becoming. Key themes of vulnerability, experience, and supports were identified as helping participants in overcoming barriers to the process of sexual becoming, an experience that was engaged in to foster an end goal of enhanced connection. Implications of the existential process of sexual becoming in counselling practice are discussed. Keywords: sexuality, existentialism, phenomenology, counselling EXISTENTIAL SEXUALITIES 3 Existential sexualities: The process of sexual becoming It is unclear how people come into and make sense of their sexualities. Understanding one’s sexualities is integral to the self, with Foucault (1976/1990) noting that it is through “the deployment of sexuality that each individual has to pass in order to have access to his own intelligibility, to the whole of his body, to his identity” (p. 155). This draws attention to the core importance of sexualities in one’s existence, further embedding existential consideration in the navigation of sexualities. This study aims to explore existential sexualities through developing a greater understanding of the lived experience of sexual becoming. As the available number of sex and sexuality identities expands, so too does the potential need and pressure for people to navigate such identities.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedagogy and Homosexuality in Ancient Greece 1. Pederasty and Pedagogy 2. the Myth of the Three Sexes (Halperin 19) 3. Does Homo
    Pedagogy and Homosexuality in Ancient Greece 1. Pederasty and Pedagogy It is clear from a variety of sources that from the Archaic period onwards, pederasty (or adult male to male child love/sex) was part of the gymnasia and hence the educational system. Usually this took the form of intercrural sex, foreplay, and gift- giving to boys. 2. The myth of the Three Sexes (Halperin 19) According to Aristophanes [in Plato's Symposium], human beings were originally round, eight-limbed creatures, with two faces and two sets of genitals--both front and back--and three sexes (male, female, and androgyne). These ancestors of ours were powerful and ambitious; in order to put them in their place, Zeus had them cut in two, their skin stretched over the exposed flesh and tied at the navel, and their heads rotated so as to keep that physical reminder of their daring and its consequences constantly before their eyes. The severed halves of each former individual, once reunited, clung to one another so desperately and concerned themselves so little with their survival as separate entities that they began to perish for lack of sustenance; those who outlived their mates sought out persons belonging to the same sex as their lost complements and repeated their embraces in a foredoomed attempt to recover their original unity. Zeus at length took pity on them, moved their genitals to the side their bodies now faced, and invented sexual intercourse, so that the bereaved creatures might at least put a temporary terminus to their longing and devote their attention to other, more important (if less pressing) matters.
    [Show full text]
  • Theological Dialogue Towards Ethical Restoration in a Homophobia-Riddled Society
    HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies ISSN: (Online) 2072-8050, (Print) 0259-9422 Page 1 of 8 Original Research Theological dialogue towards ethical restoration in a homophobia-riddled society Author: Homosexuality and homophobia in South Africa exist side by side. Homophobia is very common 1 Kelebogile T. Resane in communities and churches. Biblical texts, traditional cultures and politics partner to dismiss, Affiliation: discredit or disqualify homosexuality, but historians and anthropologists have evidence that 1Department of Historical & homosexuality has been around within African cultures for many ages. Christians are divided Constructive Theology, Faculty into two camps. There are those who openly oppose gay rights with citations from biblical texts, of Theology and Religion, claiming that homosexuality is forbidden by God. Others claim that this is poor biblical scholarship University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa and a cultural bias read into the Bible. To these, the Bible says nothing about homosexuality as an innate dimension of personality; as a sexual orientation, it was not understood in biblical times. Corresponding author: Despite a progressive constitution and affirming legislation, sexual and gender minorities Kelebogile Resane, experience discrimination in South Africa. The church expresses homophobic tendencies by [email protected] excluding homosexual people from the sacraments, liturgy and ordination. Theology is invited to Dates: embark on a journey of dialogue with communities and homosexual people in order for it to be Received: 08 Apr. 2020 meaningful and relevant and contribute towards social, political and economic empowerment. Accepted: 23 June 2020 Through dialogue with the homophobic community, theology can journey out of the continuous Published: 24 Aug.
    [Show full text]
  • Homosexuality: Part of World History
    AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808 HOMOSEXUALITY: PART OF WORLD HISTORY 1Shruti Yadav & 2Dr R.K. Patni 1Research Scholar, 2Professor 1,2Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Jyoti Vidyapeeth Women's University, Jaipur (Rajasthan) Abstract: Homosexuality is sentimental fascination, sexual fascination, or sexual conduct between individuals from a similar sex or sex. As a sexual direction, homosexuality is "a suffering example of enthusiastic, sentimental, and additionally sexual attractions" to individuals of a similar sex. It "likewise alludes to an individual's feeling of personality dependent on those attractions, related practices, and enrollment in a network of other people who share those attractions. The term homosexual emerged from work in the clinical and mental field to name and analyze same-sex sexual conduct. Homosexuality was regularly characterized and treated as an infection. But when we see the history it exists from a very long period. This paper will focus on the defining what is homosexuality, and its evidences from the historical period all around the world. Keywords: Homosexual, Homosexuality, Lesbianism, Gay 1. INTRODUCTION Homosexuality, sexual enthusiasm for and fascination in individuals from one's own sex. The term gay is as often as possible utilized as an equivalent word for homosexual; female homosexuality is regularly alluded to as lesbianism. At various occasions and in various societies, homosexual conduct has been differently endorsed of, endured, rebuffed, and restricted. Homosexuality was normal in antiquated Greece and Rome, and the connections among grown-up and immature guys specifically have become a central focal point of Western classicists lately. [1] Judeo-Christian just as Muslim societies have commonly seen homosexual conduct as evil.
    [Show full text]
  • Dworkinian Liberalism & Gay Rights: a Defense of Same-Sex Relations
    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Philosophy Theses Department of Philosophy 4-30-2010 Dworkinian Liberalism & Gay Rights: A Defense of Same-Sex Relations Ngoc Quang H. Bui Georgia State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Bui, Ngoc Quang H., "Dworkinian Liberalism & Gay Rights: A Defense of Same-Sex Relations." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2010. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/71 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Philosophy at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philosophy Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DWORKINIAN LIBERALISM & GAY RIGHTS: A DEFENSE OF SAME-SEX RELATIONS by NGOC QUANG H. BUI Under the Direction of Andrew Altman ABSTRACT Recent changes in the politics of gay rights have led to a gay rights demand for liberal governments: i) decriminalization of sodomy and ii) full governmental recognition of civil, same-sex marriages. Challengers to liberalism argue that a neutral liberalism cannot satisfy the gay rights demand. I argue that the liberal political framework put forth by Ronald Dworkin can adequately fulfill the gay rights demand. Dworkinian liberalism, which is neutral with respect to the ethical life, need not be neutral with respect to moral and non-ethical values. I argue for the more modest claim that Dworkinian li- beralism has the conceptual tools and principles for satisfying the gay rights demand. In arguing for my claim, I discuss the internal criticisms of Carlos Ball and Michael Sandel and the external criti- cism of John Finnis.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Knowledge and Prevalence of Sexual Harassment and Abuse Among Schoolboys in Colombo District
    A study on knowledge and prevalence of sexual harassment and abuse among schoolboys in Colombo District A S A Abeywardene 1, S H Atukorale 1, K K D C C Abeynayaka 1, Thamara Athauda 2 Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health , 2004; 33 : 9-17 (Key words: Knowledge, prevalence, sexual harassment, sexual abuse, schoolboys) Abstract Introduction Objectives To determine knowledge of sexual Child abuse is maltreatment of a child by physical harassment and abuse among schoolboys aged 14 to abuse, nutritional neglect, sexual abuse, intentional 19 years, assess prevalence, frequency and severity of drugging, neglect of medical care, emotional abuse, various types of sexual harassment and abuse, assess and child labour 1. frequency of reporting incidents of sexual harassment and abuse to a trustworthy person, determine reasons In the past decade there has been increased global for non-reporting and determine characteristics awareness of child sexual abuse and harassment. In specific to sexually abused schoolboys. 1997 a Presidential task force was set up on child abuse and the National Child Protection Authority Design A descriptive cross sectional study (NCPA) instituted in 1998. NCPA has probed many incidents of sexual abuse highlighting them via the Method Data was collected from 242 schoolboys media, so that public knowledge and awareness was aged 14-19 years from 2 Colombo district schools increased 2. using a pre-tested and self-administered questionnaire. Child sexual abuse is defined as “The involvement of a child in sexual activity that he or she does not fully Results Among the 242 students surveyed, 3.7% had comprehend, is unable to give informed consent to, knowledge on sexual harassment and 31% had or for which child is not developmentally prepared knowledge on sexual abuse.
    [Show full text]
  • Classical Memories/Modern Identities Paul Allen Miller and Richard H
    CLASSICAL MEMORIES/MODERN IDENTITIES Paul Allen Miller and Richard H. Armstrong, Series Editors All Rights Reserved. Copyright © The Ohio State University Press, 2015. Batch 1. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © The Ohio State University Press, 2015. Batch 1. Ancient Sex New Essays EDITED BY RUBY BLONDELL AND KIRK ORMAND THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS • COLUMBUS All Rights Reserved. Copyright © The Ohio State University Press, 2015. Batch 1. Copyright © 2015 by The Ohio State University. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ancient sex : new essays / edited by Ruby Blondell and Kirk Ormand. — 1 Edition. pages cm — (Classical memories/modern identities) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8142-1283-7 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Sex customs—Greece—History. 2. Sex customs—Rome—History. 3. Gender identity in literature. 4. Sex in literature. 5. Homosexuality—Greece—History. I. Blondell, Ruby, 1954– editor. II. Ormand, Kirk, 1962– editor. III. Series: Classical memories/modern identities. HQ13.A53 2015 306.7609495—dc23 2015003866 Cover design by Regina Starace Text design by Juliet Williams Type set in Adobe Garamond Pro Printed by Thomson-Shore, Inc. Cover image: Bonnassieux, Jean-Marie B., Amor clipping his wings. 1842. Close-up. Marble statue, 145 x 67 x 41 cm. ML135;RF161. Photo: Christian Jean. Musée du Louvre © RMN-Grand Palais / Art Resource, NY Bryan E. Burns, “Sculpting Antinous” was originally published in Helios 35, no. 2 (Fall 2008). Reprinted with permission. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American Na- tional Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials.
    [Show full text]
  • How Much Did Dorothea and Celia Know? Sexual Ignornace and Knowledge Among Unmarried Girls in Middlemarch
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln The George Eliot Review English, Department of 2015 How much did Dorothea and Celia know? Sexual ignornace and knowledge among unmarried girls in Middlemarch Marianne Burton Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ger Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, Literature in English, British Isles Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Burton, Marianne, "How much did Dorothea and Celia know? Sexual ignornace and knowledge among unmarried girls in Middlemarch" (2015). The George Eliot Review. 668. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ger/668 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the English, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in The George Eliot Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. HOW MUCH DID DOROTHEA AND CELlA KNOW? SEXUAL IGNORANCE AND KNOWLEDGE AMONG UNMARRIED GIRLS IN MIDDLEMARCH By Marianne Burton [This article was first presented as a paper at the George Eliot Conference at the Institute of English Studies, Senate House, University of London, 22 November 2014.] Readers, in my experience, often make an assumption that unmarried girls in nineteenth­ century novels know nothing about sex, and this seems to be particularly the case regarding Dorothea Brooke. Had she only known about sex, so the adage goes, she would never have made her disastrous marriage choice. In this article I would like to examine this assumption in closer detail, looking not just at Dorothea and Celia, but also Rosamond Vincy and Mary Garth. I do not necessarily want to turn the notion on its head - I am not going to claim these girls were closet readers of de Sade - but I would like to open up the field a little and suggest sexual ignorance among unmarried girls in the nineteenth-century novel may not be as straightforward as readers sometimes imagine.
    [Show full text]
  • Male Entertainers and the Divide Between Popular Culture and History in Japan Meradeth Lin Edwards University of San Diego
    University of San Diego Digital USD Theses Theses and Dissertations Summer 8-7-2018 Professional Heartbreakers: Male Entertainers and the Divide Between Popular Culture and History in Japan Meradeth Lin Edwards University of San Diego Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.sandiego.edu/theses Part of the Asian History Commons, and the History of Gender Commons Digital USD Citation Edwards, Meradeth Lin, "Professional Heartbreakers: Male Entertainers and the Divide Between Popular Culture and History in Japan" (2018). Theses. 31. https://digital.sandiego.edu/theses/31 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Digital USD. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital USD. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY OF SAN DIEGO Professional Heartbreakers: Male Entertainers and the Divide Between Popular Culture and History in Japan A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History by Meradeth Lin Edwards Thesis Committee Yi Sun, Ph.D., Chair Michael Gonzalez, Ph.D. 2018 The Thesis of Meradeth Lin Edwards is approved by: _________________________________________________________ Thesis Committee Chair _________________________________________________________ Thesis Committee Member University of San Diego San Diego 2018 ii Copyright 2018 Meradeth Lin Edwards Limitations: No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without the author's prior written consent for a period of three years after the date of submittal. _______________________________________ Meradeth Lin Edwards iii Dedicated to my American parents, who were undoubtedly the most enthusiastic fans of this work and are patient with my free spirit, and my Japanese parents, who instilled in me a great love of their culture, history, and lifestyle.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward a Global History of Same-Sex Sexuality
    Toward a Global History of Same-Sex Sexuality LEILA J. RUPP Ohio State University THIS IS THE presumptuous title of a paper I delivered for what I believe was the first-ever session on “Gay and Lesbian History/L’histoire de l’homo-sexualité” at the International Congress of Historical Sciences, held in August 2000 in Oslo. As I did there, let me hasten to say here that I do not claim knowledge of same-sex sexuality in every time and every place. But the blossoming of research on a wide range of manifestations of same-sex sexuality calls for an attempt at global thinking. Although my own work is rooted in U.S. and European history, I would like to make use of the work of scholars focusing on different parts of the world to reflect on what patterns might emerge. I take up this task from the per- spective of one firmly committed to a social constructionist perspective on sexuality. Thus, I recognize that making transhistorical comparisons can be a risky business. Nevertheless, I think we can learn something by think- ing about same-sex sexuality from a global viewpoint. I favor the term “same-sex sexuality” as one that gets beyond the use of terms such as “queer,” “gay,” “lesbian,” or “homosexual.” Yet I would like to proceed by looking at manifestations of what we call “same-sex sexuality” in different times and places both to explore global patterns and to consider how those patterns make the two parts of the term “same- sex sexuality” problematic. That is, sometimes such manifestations cannot really be considered “same-sex,” and sometimes they should not really be labeled “sexuality.” These complications suggest that even the attempt to avoid assumptions about the meanings of desires, acts, and relationships by using a term such as “same-sex sexuality” may inadvertently lump to- gether phenomena that are quite different.
    [Show full text]
  • The Greek Youthening: Assessing the Iconographic Changes Within Courtship During the Late Archaic Period
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-2015 The Greek Youthening: Assessing the Iconographic Changes within Courtship during the Late Archaic Period Jared Alan Johnson University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, and the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Johnson, Jared Alan, "The Greek Youthening: Assessing the Iconographic Changes within Courtship during the Late Archaic Period. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2015. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3334 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Jared Alan Johnson entitled "The Greek Youthening: Assessing the Iconographic Changes within Courtship during the Late Archaic Period." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. Merle K. Langdon, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Gregor A. Kalas, David G. Anderson Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) The Greek Youthening: Assessing the Iconographic Changes within Courtship during the Late Archaic Period A Thesis Presented for the Master of Science Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Jared Alan Johnson May 2015 ii Acknowledgements I am pleased to thank several individuals who helped me with this thesis.
    [Show full text]