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An Exegetical Analysis of Numbers 31: 27 As a Panacea for Resource Control Agitation in Niger Delta

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An Exegetical Analysis of Numbers 31: 27 As a Panacea for Resource Control Agitation in Niger Delta European Scientific Journal April 2016 edition vol.12, No.11 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 An Exegetical Analysis Of Numbers 31: 27 As A Panacea For Resource Control Agitation In Niger Delta Bernard O. Itebiye, PhD Adam Igbudu Christian Institute, Emevor, (Affiliated to the University of Port-Harcourt), Nigeria doi: 10.19044/esj.2016.v12n11p170 URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n11p170 Abstract This paper is a critical discourse on the Biblical panacea for the unending agitations for resource control in Nigeria Niger Delta. It aimed at and equity ( צִ ָד ָק ה ,finding out if the Biblical concept of Justice (Hebrew which are the hall marks of every society that operates ,( ֵמ י שָׁ ר ,Hebrew) under the rule of Law, have been duly applied in the Niger Delta crisis. The analyses employed Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework. Data gathered both from the primary and secondary sources were analyzed through the hermeneutical, descriptive and analytical methods. The findings of the paper are that Niger Delta peoples have a right to far better living condition than is on offer presently, and available data justify this claim. The and ( צִ ָד ָק ה ,paper is of the view that the Biblical concept of Justice (Hebrew as prescribed in Numbers 31: 27, can be applied in ,( ֵמ י שָׁ ר ,equity (Hebrew the Niger Delta agitation issue. In the light of the above findings, the paper concludes that to achieve the desired peace, anchored on the Old Testament idea there is the need to engage every oil bearing community as a stake holder in the entire process of oil exploitation in their community. Keywords: Justice, Equity, struggle, Resource control Introduction are the hall mark ( ֵמ י שָׁ ר ,and equity (Hebrew ( צִ ָד ָק ה ,Justice (Hebrew of every society that operates under the rule of Law, both in the Old Testament era and now. Justice entails rendering to everyone that which is or God’s justice ( ִצ דְ ַק ת יְ ה ָוה ,his due. The “Justice of the LORD” (Hebrew (Deuteronomy 33:21) as revealed in the Old Testament is not only the perfection of his nature, whereby he is infinitely righteous in himself and all that he does, but an important requirement of all his rational creatures. His word declares: 170 European Scientific Journal April 2016 edition vol.12, No.11 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 Is not this the fast that I choose: to loose the bonds of injustice, to undo the thongs of the yoke, to let the oppressed go free, and to break every yoke? Is it not to share your bread with the hungry, and bring the homeless poor into your house… If you offer your food to the hungry and satisfy the needs of the afflicted, then your light shall rise in the darkness and your gloom be like the noonday. (Isaiah 58: 6-10 [NRSV]) In recent years, we are witnessing what seems to be relative peace, especially since the advent of the amnesty program that was aimed at settling the Niger Delta militants. Before then, oil production in the area had been characterized by heightened restiveness resulting in loss of man hours and in many cases, lives and property (Amaize, E. 2006). The people of the Niger Delta had claimed that they have suffered from environmental degradation of their land and the displacement of their communities and have received no benefits from over 40 years of oil extraction (Adenikinju, 2002). The Niger Delta and the Resource Control Debate The Niger Delta, no doubt, is important to the Nigerian economy (Abe, F. & Ayodele, S. 1986). The oil and gas that sustain the nation are produced in the region and its contiguous continental shelf (Turshen, 2004). But this economic importance has never really translated into benefits to the people of the Niger Delta region. According to Dara (2001), They have a long-held view that various governments in Nigeria treat the Niger Delta region’s issues with levity. They view each government with suspicion, perhaps, due to the high level of corruption and poor governance that has resulted in the people of the region not reaping from the oil wealth (Akpan, 2005). A significant portion of these funds have either found their way into private bank accounts in western countries or used to pay for military and paramilitary operations to deal with the unrest in the region (Eghagha, 2002). As a result, thousands of lives and millions of dollars in oil revenue which would have accrued to the nation have been lost due to violent confrontation and conflict, oil pipelines vandalization, oil company staff kidnapping and other disruptive acts (Adenikinju, 2002). A new catch phrase that has opened up a hot debate out of these struggles, especially among the elites, had been and is still “Resource Control.” (Itebiye, 2006: 1). As the resource-control debate continued, its advocates argued that the age-long neglect and deprivation which the oil-producing communities in the Niger Delta area of the country had suffered in the hands of successive governments, makes the demand for resource control not only justifiable but non-negotiable (Amaize, 2006). This is what Ibeanu (2004: 15) refers to as “The second dimension of the rhetoric of rights”. He posits thus: 171 European Scientific Journal April 2016 edition vol.12, No.11 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 Niger Delta peoples have a right to far better living condition than is on offer presently, and available data seem to justify this claim. The population of the (political) Niger Delta is between 15 and 20 million, which is more than 16% of the national population. Petroleum derived from the Niger Delta accounts for about 50% of Nigeria’s GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and 80% of all budgetary revenues. These amounts to nearly $20 billion annually or about $54 million daily. Compared to this enormous wealth, the social situation in the Niger Delta presents a mammoth discrepancy, and is generally worse than the situation in most parts of the country. (Ibeanu, 2004: 15-16) The question is; has the amnesty program addressed this and other issues in the Niger Delta? The advocates of the resource control hold the view that the huge resources now going to the coffers of the federal government be allowed to be kept by the oil-producing areas and that such funds should be applied to the crucial task of taking the people of that area out of their present wreckage. As corroboration to their argument, they stress that before the advent of oil, other areas of the country exercise such a proprietary right over their resources - like cocoa in the then Western region; groundnut, cattle, etc, in the North; and palm oil in the East. The Niger Delta too, they had advocated and are still advocating (albeit silently), should be allowed such a right over their God-given oil resources. The opposing side in this controversy, consisting mainly of leaders from the Northern zone of the Country, had argued that allowing the oil- producing areas of the country to take full and exclusive control of the vital oil resources, as demanded by the Niger Delta people, would be a step against “the principle, essence and goal of true federalism” (Dangora, 2005: 18).The subsequent agreement that eventually produced the 13% derivation in 1995 appear to have reduced the tension at the States Government level, but certainly not at the local community level. Suffice to say that Oil revenue allocation has been the subject of much contention well before Nigeria gained its independence. Allocations, as earlier stated, have varied from as much as 50%, owing to the First Republic's high degree of regional autonomy, and as low as 10% during the military dictatorships. This is the table below. 172 European Scientific Journal April 2016 edition vol.12, No.11 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 Oil revenue sharing formula Year Federal State* Local Special Projects Derivation Formula** 1958 40% 60% 0% 0% 50% 1968 80% 20% 0% 0% 10% 1977 75% 22% 3% 0% 10% 1982 55% 32.5% 10% 2.5% 10% 1989 50% 24% 15% 11% 10% 1995 48.5% 24% 20% 7.5% 13% 2001 48.5% 24% 20% 7.5% 13% * State allocations are based on 5 criteria: equality (equal shares per state), population, social development, land mass, and revenue generation. Exegetical analysis of Numbers 31: 27: הַ ִמּלחָ ָמהתּ ְפי ֵשׂיבֵ ין ֶאת־הַ מּלְ קוֹ ַח ְוחָ ִצי ָת הַ ֹיצ ִאים ַלצָּ בָ א וּבֵ ין ָכּל־הָ ֵﬠ ָדה׃ The Lord said to Moses, "Take the count of the booty that was taken, both of man and of beast, you and Eleazar the priest and the heads of the fathers' houses of the congregation; and divide the booty into two parts, between the warriors who went out to battle and all the congregation. (Numbers 31: 25-27 [RSV]). translated here as “and divide” is ,( ְו ָח צִ י ָת ) The first Hebrew word .1 ,”meaning “to divide ( ָב דַ ל) different from the common Hebrew verb “separate”, “distinguish”, “make a difference”, etc. (Exo. 19:12; Lev. 20: 25; 25: 34; 27: 21; Jos. 16:9; Isa. 52:11; Prov. 8:27; Mal. 2:3). The New Jerusalem Bible translates it as “and you will then share out”. It is, therefore, an imperative, “you must divide”. is actually a combination of two words ( ֶאת־הַ מּלְ קוֹחַ ) The second word .2 is “unrepresented in English” language אֶ ת The word .( ַהמּלְ קוֹח and אֶ ת) and generally used to “point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition” (New Strong, Hebrew, 1995: 15).
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