1921. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 2551
1305. By Mr. SINCLAIR: Petition of mass meeting of citizens I CIRCULATION PRIVILEGE OF BONDS. at DeYils Lake, N. Dak., urging the recognition of the Irish Mr. WATSON of Georgia. 1\fr. President, I ask unanimous republic; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. ' consent to call up the bill (S. 1914) to amend an act approved 1306. By Mr. THOMPSON: Petition of- congregation of the April 4, 1917 being an act to authorize an issue of bonds. The First Lutherari Church of Leipsic, Ohio, urging proper reduc- bill has been' on the table for some days at the request of the tion of armaments by the nations of the world; to the Com- Senator from Connecticut [Mr. BRANDEGEE] to await the return mittee on Foreign Affairs. of the chairman of the Committee on Banking and Currency. 1307. Also, petition of congregation of St. John's Lutheran Having returned, he tells me he w~ll not object to the bill being Church of Leipsic, Ohio, urging proper reducti?n of armame~ts referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. I ask by the nations of the world; to the Comm1ttee on Foreign unanimous consent to call up the bill for the purpose of moving Affairs. that it be referred to the Committee on Agriculture and 1308. By Mr. TOWNER: Petition of G. S. Buchtell and Forestry. uumerous citizens of Coin, Iowa, asking for correcti~n of unjust Mr. SMOOT. I will say to the Senator from Georgi!! that if practices employed in the Internal Revenue SerVIce; to the the chairman of the Committee on Banking and Currency has Committee on Ways and Means. no objection I shall have none,.. but if there ever was a bill that 1309. By Mr. TREADWAY: Resolution of St. John's Church should go to the Committee on Banking and Currency or the of Williamstown, Mass., indorsing the plan of calling an inter- Committee on Finance it is this measure. national conference for consideration of disarmament; to the The PRESIDENT pro temppre. The Senator from Georgia Committee on Foreign Affairs. · moves that the bill be referred to the Committee on Agriculture 1310. Also, petition of Second Baptist Church of Holyoke, and Forestry, 1\lass., in support of movement for international disarmament; The motion was agreed to. to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 131l. By Mr. WOODYARD: Petition of \Vest Virginia Farm PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. Bureau Federation, relative to good-roads legislation; to the ~r. WARREN presented a resolution of sundry. citizens of Committee on Roads. Sheridan County, Wyo., favoring the enactment of legislation creating an agricultural foreign trade financing corporation, with a capital·stock of $50,000,000, to be advanced by the United SENATE. States, which was referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. TUEsDAY, June 14, 19'21. l\Ir. HARRIS presented resolutions of the Board of Commis (Legislative day of Monday, J'ttne 13, 1921.) sioners of Roads and Revenue of Bacon County ; Commissioners The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, on the expiration of of Roads and Revenue of Liberty County; Commissioners of the recess. Roads and Revenue of Polk County; Road Commissioners ot The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The unfinished business will Polk County; and the board of governors of the Tifton Board be procee<}.ed with. of Trade of Tifton, all in the State of Georgia, favoling the enactment of legislation to aid the States in the construction of t./ THE MEAT-PACKING INDUSTRY. rural post'roads, which were referred to the Committee on Post The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the con Offices and Post Roads. · sideration of the bill (H. R. 6320) to regulate interstate and 1\fr. CAPPER presented a resolution of the pastor and con foreign commerce in live stock, live-stock products, dairy prod gregation of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Galena, ucts, poultry, poultry products, and eggs, and for other purposes. Kans., favoring the calling of an international conference for The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is upon the the purpose of rliscussing the question of disarmament, which amendment in the !lature of a substitute reported by the Com was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. mittee on Agriculture and Forestry. He also presented :five resolutions of sundry citizens of Mr. NORRIS. Mr. President, in talking with quite a number Kansas City, Kans., favoring the recognition of the Irish re of Senators, I find that there seems to be a desire that I should public by the United States Government, which were referred to see if an agreement can not be reached for a :final vote" on the the Committee on Foreign Relations. bill. He also presented a resolution of Golden West Lodge, No. 1\Ir. LODGE. There should be a quorum call. 1216, United Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employees 1\fr. NORRIS. I thought probably those Senators who are and Railway Shop Laborers, of Salina, Kans., protesting against here had better be consulted :first, because we shall have to get the enactment of a sales or turnover tax law, which was referred a quorum anyway. for the purpose of considering the unanimous to the Committee on Finance. consent request. He also presented a telegram in the nature of a petition of l\1r. Sl\100T. I think we had better have a quorum and the State public utilities commission of Topeka, Kans., praying then let the request be presented. A number of Senators may for the enactment of legislation imposing a protective tariff on desire to be heard on it. oil, which was referred to the Committee on Finance. l\Ir. NORRIS. The rule provides that the roll must be called Mr. McLEAN presented a resolution of sundry citizens ot after a unanimous-consent request is presented. Hartford, Conn., favor.ing the recognition of the republic of ~Jr. SMOOT. If the Senator desires to proceeu in that way, I Ireland by the United States Government, which was referred have no objection. It will not take very long to call the roll. to the Committee on Foreign Relations. 'Vhy not have a quorum call now? He also presented resolutions of the congregation of the First Mr. NORRIS. With the view of seeing if an agreement Church of Christ of Suffield; the congregation of the Congrega can be reached for a :final vote and in order to get Senators tional Church of Farmington; the pastor and congregation of here for that purpose, I suggest the absence of a quorum. St. James Church, of Hartford; the congregation of St. Johns The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secre~ary will call the Parish, of Hartford; the pastor and congregation of the Green roll. field Hill Congregational Church, of Fairfield ; sundry members The reading clerk called the roll, and the following Senators ·of the Immanuel Congregational Church, of :aartford; and a answered to their names : resolution adopted at the annual meeting of the Hartford Coun Ashurst Gerry McCormick Slieppard cil of. Churches, at Hartford, on June 3,1921, all in th~ State of Ball Gooding McCumber Simmons Connecticut, favoring the calling of an international confer Borah Hale McKellar Smith Brandegee Harreld McKinley Smoot ence-for the purpose of discussing the question of disarmament, Broussard Harris 1\fcNary Sterling which were referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. Bm·suru Harrison Myers Sutherlan<.J He also presented a resolution of Harry W. Congdon Post, Calder Heflin Nelson Swanson Camer.on Hitchcock New Trammell No. 11. D2partment of Connecticut, American Legion, of Bridge Capper Johnson Newberry Underwood port, Conn., favoring the enactment of legislation for publishing Caraway Jones, N.Mex. Nichol&on Wadswot·th in the press of the United States the names and addresses of Culberson Jones, Wash. Norris Walsh, Mont. Cummins Kendrick Oddie Warren all persons who claimed and received exemption from military Curtis Kenyon Overman Watson, Ga. service dnring the World War on the ground that they were • Dial Keyes Owen Williams Dillingham Ladd Penrose Wolcott aliens and subjects of foreign powers and denying such persons Ernst La Follette Phipps the right of American citizenship, which was referred to the Fernald Lenroot Pittman Committee on 1\!ilitary Affairs. Fletcher Lodge Poindexter He also presented petitions of sundry members of the Woman's The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Sixty-nine Senators have Board of Missions of New Haven ; the pa"Stor and congregation . answered to their names. A quorum is present. of Dwight Place Church, of New Haven; and the Eastern Con- LXI-161 2552 CON GRESS! ON AL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 14, necticut Branch of the Woman's Bonrd of Foreign Missions, of By Mr. JOHNSON: Torwich, all in the State of Connecti ell, fayoring the exte;nsion A bill (S. 2073) granting a pension to Frank Dixon; of relief to the suffering peoples of the Near East, which were A bill (S. 2074) granting an increa e of pension to Henry 0. referred to the Committee on Foreign P~lations. Welton; He also presented a telegram in the nature of a memorial of A bill (S. 2075) granting a pension to J. B. Hicks; and . Slocum School Alumni, of Waterbury, Conn., remonstrating A bill (S. 2076) granting an increase of pension to Sarah against alleged mistreatment of the Armenians by the Turks, Elizabeth Holton; to the Committee on Pensions. which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. By :Mr. BALL: He also pre ented a j{)int resolution of the Legislature of Con A bill (S. 2077) to amend paragraphs 4 and 5 of the act ap necticut, which was referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs, proved June 8, 1906, entitled "An act to amend section 1 of the as follows: act entitled 'An act relating to the Metropolitan police force of STATE OF CONNECTICUT, the Di;Strict of Columbia,' approved February 28, 1901 "; to the OFFICE OF THE SEClUlTARY, · GENERAL A.SSEiURLY, Comrmttee on the District of Columbia. Januarv sessio11,~ A. D. 19U. By Mr. UNDERWOOD : Senntc joint resolution 94, in favor of certain legislation now pending A bill ( S. 2078) for the relief of the estate of C. C. Spiller,· in the Congress of the United States. deceased; to the Committee on Claims. Resol'Vetl by this assembly~ That the Senators and Representatives in Congress from Connecticut are urged to assist in the passage of the By l\fr. CALDER : amendment· proposed by United States Senator GEORGil P. McLEAN to A bill (S. 2079) for the relief of Edward C. Ro er · to the House bill 4803, concerning the increase in the Navy approJ>ria Committee on Claims. · ' tion, and that a copy of this resolution be mailed to each of the Sena A bill (S. 2080) to provide for the appointment of a commis tors and Representatives from Connecticut in Congress. Passed Senate, State of Connecticut, June 6, 1921. sion to study the utiliw.tion of materials and the waste in pro Passed Hou e of Representatives, State of Connecticut, .June 6, 1921. duction, distribution, and consumption; to the Committee on STATE OF CONNECTICUT, Commerce. 0/ftce of the secretary, ss: By Mr. ELKINS : I, Donald J. Warner, secretary of state of Connecticut, and keei>er A bill ( S. 2081) to amend and reenact section 1318 of the act of the seal thereof, and of the original record of the acts and resolu tions of the general assembly of said State, do hereby certify that I entitled ".A.n act making appropriations for the support of the have comp11..red the annexed copy of the resolution in favor of certain Military Academy for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, and legislation ·now pending .in the CongresB of the United States with the for other purposes," approved March 30, 1920; to the Committee original record of the same no~ remaining in this office and have found the said copy to be a correct and complete transcript thereof. on Military Affairs. And I further certify that the said original record is a public record By 1\fr. LENROOT: of the said State of Connecticut now remaining in this office. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and a.ffixed the A bill ( S. 2082) amending section 22a of the act approved seal of said State, at Hartford, this 10th day of June, 1921. June 4, 1920, entitled "An act to amend an act entitled 'An act [SEAL.] DoNALD J. WAnNER, Secretary. for making further and more effectual provision for the national Mr. NELSON presented resolutions adopted by the Shields defense, and for other purposes,' approved June 3, 1916, and to ville (Minn.) Council of the American Association for the establish military justice " ; to the Committee on Military Recognition of the Irish Republic, favoring the recognition of Affairs. the Irish republic, and protesting against cancellation ·of out· By Mr. WADSWORTH: , standing loans of this Government to other countries, especially A joint resolution (S. J. Res. 73) authorizing the Secretary of the loan to Great Britain, etc., which were referred to the of War to enter into contracts for the pm·chase of fuel Without Committee on Foreign Relations. regard to the current fiscal year; to the Committee on Military He also presented petitions of sundry citizens of St Paul, AffaiTs. · Minneapolis, Holloway,. AppletOn, Danvers, Clontarf, Hancock, By Mr. HARRISON: Morris, Eveleth, Blakeley~ Henderson, Ray, Gilbert, McKinley, A joint :resolution (S. J. Res. 74) to correct the records of cer· Buffalo, Clements, Caledonia, Montgomery, Litchfield, Nash tain naval and marine officers who joined the Confederate wauk, Adams, and Blooming Prairie, and Blooming Prairie forces; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Council, No. 22, American Association · for the Recognition of API'OBTIONMENT OF EMPLOYEES UNDER CIVIL SERVICE LAW. the Irish Republic, all in the State of Minnesota, praying for the recognition of the Irish republic by the United States Gov Mr. HARRELD. l\Ir. President, I submit a resolution provid ernment, which were referred to the Committee on Foreign ing for an investigation into certain conditions which I think Relations. should be corrected in connection with the civil service of the COLLECTORS OF INTERNAL REVENUE. country. I ask that the resolution be read and referred to the Committee on Civil Service. l\Ir. CURTIS. From the Committee on Finance I report There being no objection, the resolution ( S. Res. 92) was read back favorably with an amendment to the title the bill (S. and referred to the Committee on Civil Service, as follows: 2051) to amend section 3143 of the Revised Statutes to permit Whereas the so-called civil service act nrovides t.hat appointments. in an increase in the number of collection districts for the col the de,Partments of Government in Washington, "as nearly as the lection of internal revenue and in the number of collectors of conditions of good administration will warrant," shall be apportioned internal revenue fNm 64 to 74. and I submit a .report (No. among the States and Territories based upon population ; and Whereas the records of the Civil Service Commission show that the 113) thereon. I ask that the bill may go to the calendar. State of Oklahoma is entitled under this apportionment to 850 Mr. KING. The Senator from Kansas is not asking for the appointments, and that said StRte has actually only 263 ; and consideration of the bin at this time? Whereas from January, 1918, to the present time 527 civil service em ployees, accredited by the Civil Service Commi~ion to the said State of Mr. CURTIS. No. I have merely reported the bill and Oklahoma, have been discharged from service by the various depart asked that it go to the calendar. ments at Washington, without regard to the fact of Oklahoma's being short of its quota ; and 1\fr. KING. Let me say to the Senator that I hope he will Whereas the heads of bure.c'lus and departments continue to discharge not haYe the bill called up in my absence, or that he will give from the service Oklahoma civil service employees, regardless of notice, because there will be opposition to it. the aforesaid law as to apportionment, thereby disregarding the afore The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The bill will be placed on said Jaw ; and Whereas the records of the Civil Service Commission show that while the calendar. the District of Columbia is entitled to 183 civil service employees lt actually has 11,866; that while the State of Virginia is entitled to FISHERY RIGHTS AT PEARL HARBOR, HAWAII. ·968 it actually has 2,507; that while the State of Maryland is en l\Ir. NEW, from the Committee on Territories and Insular titled to 607 it actually has 2,4.23; and some other States have more than tht:ir respective quotas, which shows that discrimination has Possessions, to which was referred the bill (H. R. 2499) to been practiced by the bureaus and departments whose duty it is to provide for the acquisition by th·e United States of private properly carry out the provisions of the law as to apportionment: rights of fishery in and about Pearl Harbor, Territory of Therefore, be it Hawaii, reported it without amendment and submitted a re Resolved, That the Sennte Committee on Civil Service be author ized and directed to make investigations as to the cause of this port (~o. 114) tllereon. 0 1 1 BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED. ~g~~~~ ~~p~~~n~~~tt~i ~irlr~~ce ~~Yo1e~~ a~~~et:itsf:f~ ~& Territories according to population ; Bills and joint resolutions ~Vere introduced, read the .first That the heads of the departments and bureaus in Washington time, and, by unanimous consent, the second time, and referred 1 0 ~ei~ir~~tfloy ~h~~~!lfl s~~~~~ti~~p l~y~g;c~~o~f ~{'i~Y~~os~ q~~~ l~ as follows: short of the number to which they are entitled until such time as such By 1\Ir. 'VADSWORTH: States have their quota, having due regard to ratings as to efficiency as A bill (S. 2072) to authorize the Secretary of War to make fixed by the Civil Servke Commission; and receive conveyances effecting an exchange of title to the That said Committee on Civil Service make due reiJort to the Senate of its findings, makin~ re.::ommendation as to the proper method of railroad tights of way at Camp Henry Knox, Ky., and for other bringing about a correction of this discrimination and fix the blame, it · purposes; to the Committee on 1\I!litar:x: .Affairs. any, for the failure to observe this provision of the law. _.
,- 1921. · / CONGRESSION-'-t\_L R.ECORD-_ SENATE. 2553
THE ~fEAT-PACKING INDUSTRY. instead of to-morrow? The Senator from Nebraska on yester The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the con day consumed almost the entire day in his opening statement. sideration ol: the bill (H. R. 6320) to regulate interstate and It was very interesting, but the fact that it took the Senator foreign commerce in live stock, live-stock products, dairy prod from Nebraska so long to make his opening statement to my ucts, poultry, poultry products, and eggs, and for other pur mind, would raise the presumption at least that the opponents poses. of the bill might desire considerable time in which to answer Mr. NORHIS. Mr. President, in order to get the matter sub the argument of the Senator from Nebraska. I do not know mitted to the Senate so that action can be had on it, I ask hqw many Senators on our side of the Chamber desire to speak, unanimous consent that all debate on the pending bill shall but I think there are some who wish to do so. I hardly think cease to-morrow at 5 o'clock, and that after 3 o'clock to-morrow that the hour suggested by the Senator from Nebraska will no Senator shall speak more than once or longer than five min allow. s_ufficient time for debate upon this very important matter. utes upon the bill or any amendment thereto. I should like It 1s true. we discussed this question, in a general way, at to say that I would have no objection to fixing that time for the .l~st sesswn, but since then we have had quite a number of to-day. Some Senators are anxious to get away, and I would add1hons to the Senate. Besides, some of us have forgotten have no objection to that. In fact, l am not particularly some of the statements which were then made in reference to anxious to fL~ any time, but I am trying to accommodate some the matter. It is an exceedingly importa"Q.t question, and I for Senators. I would be willing to ha-ve a vote taken this after one should like to hear it a little more elaborately discussed noon if unanimous consent could be had. than it has been or would be likely to be if we should limit our l\1r. McCORMICK. I do not know how many Senators have selves to to-day and a part of to-morrow for debate. left the city to celebrate Flag Day. Those who live in States l\lr. NORRIS. l\lr. President, if the Senator from North conveniently situated to be reached by the Baltimore & Ohio Carolina will permit me, I desire to say that I realize that I and the Pennsylvania Railroads have Yery generally left the took up most of the time on yesterday. city, I think, to join in the ceremonies of the day. Personally 1\Ir. SIMMONS. The Senator took up practically all the time I would rather vote to-day, but I think in the absence of those on yesterday in his very lucid statement. Senators it would not quite be fair without notice to do that. l\Ir. NORRIS. There is no disposition on my part to inter l\Ir. NORRIS. I will say to the Senator that I talked with fere with any other Senator in discussing the bill. As I said quite a number of Senators who do not wish to have the vote before, I am not making this request because I have any per taken to-day, and that is the reason why I did not suggest sonal desire to fix the time which I have suggested for a vote to-day. on the bill; but it ought to be stated that, so far as the tlebate Mr. McCORMICK. Will the Senator again state his request on the pending bill is concerned, the time consumed in debate for unanimous consent? has probably been about equally divided between those who 1\Ir. NORRIS. My request is that all debate on the bill end favor the bill and those who oppose it. I am rather inclined at 5 o'clock to-morrow, and that after 3 o'clock to-mortow to think that those who are in opposition to legislation of this speeches shall be limited to five minutes and to one speech on kind have taken more time thaQ have the proponents of the bill. the bill and one on each amendment. l\.Ir. SIMl\fONS. Does the Senator mean they have done so l\Ir. McCORl\IICK. That at 5 o'clock to-morrow -voting shall at this session? · begin on the bill and all amendments thereto? Mr. NORRIS. Yes; at this session. Yesterday 'vas not the Mr. NORRIS. Any amendment that may be pending or that first day on which we debated the bill. may be offered. However, Mr. President, I am perfectly willing to change the Mr. PENROSE. And then on the bill. day I have suggested for a -vote on the bill. I dislike to do so, Mr. NORRIS. And then on the bill. however, because I know that some Senators will not be able 1\lr. STERLING. Mr. President, I hope it will be agreeable to be here at a later date. Since I took the floor a few mo to the Senator from Nebraska to fix day after to-morrow in ments ago I have learned of one Senator who will not be here stead of to-morrow. I should like to hear the debate through to-morrow. However, I do not know that a change in the day out, but to-morrow I shall be engaged in a hearing so that I will make any particular difference and I should like to ac can not possibly attend the session of the Senate. I should like commodate Senators as much as I can. Therefore, at the sug. to have day after to-morrow fixed for the vote. gestion of the Senator from North Carolina, I will chano-e the Mr. NORRIS. Let me say to the Senator from South Dakota time I had suggested for a vote on the bill, and ask that at 5 that that would be perfectly agreeable to me, but there are o'clock on Thursday-- Senators who have to leave to-morrow night and they can not 1\Ir. SMOOT. I suggest to the Senator to ask that the vote be here day after to-morrow. be taken "at not later. than 5 o'clock." · The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair is of the opinion Mr. NORRIS. That on Thursday at not later than 5 o'clock that the request for unanimous consent can not be submitted p. m. the Senate shall proceed to vote on the bill and the amend to the Senate until a further call of the roll is had. The Sec ments pending and all amendments which may be offered to a retary will call the roll final disposition of the bill; and that after 3 o'clock on Thurs Mr. UNDERWOOD. Just one moment, Mr. President. Be day-and that will leave two hours-no Senator shall speak fore the Chair orders the Secretary to call the roll I wish to more than once or for longer than five minutes on the bill or say that Senators on the other side of the Chamber have any amendment thereto. - engaged in a private conversation that we over here could not l\fr. McCORMICK. Mr. President, I wonder if it would not hear. I ask that the proposal for the closing of the debate be be better to substitute the hour of 4 o'clock for 5 o'clock, as stated loud enough so that we may understand it before the suggested by the Senator from Nebraska. Five o'clock is a roll is ordered to be called. I was perfectly willing to have the very inconvenient hour at which to begin voting. I ask if the conversation to continue until Senators on the other side of the Senator from _ Nebraska will not change hrs request for a aisle could reach an agreement, but now that they seem to have unanimous-consent agreement as I have suggested? accomplished that purpose, I should like to have it stated loud Mr. NORRIS. I am perfectly willing that the agreement enough for us to understand what it is. shall provide for voting at 4 o'clock, and that the hour at ~1r. NORRIS. I will very gladly restate it, although I sup which the 5-minute rule shall become operative shall be posed it was heard by everyone present. The request is that changed to 2 o'clock instead of 3 o'clock. to-morrow at 5 o'clock the Senate shall proceed to vote upon Mr. McCORl\IICK. Very well. the bill, and upon all amendments that may be pending or that The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secretary will state tile may be offered, to a final disposition of the bill, and that after request for the unanimous-consent agreement asked for by the 3 o'clock to-morrow no Senator shall speak more than once nor Senator from Nebraska as now modified. longer than five minutes upon the bill or any amendment - The ASSISTANT SECRETARY. The Senator from Nebraska l:\lr. thereto. NoRRIS] asks unanimous consent that at not later than 4 l\lr. UNDERWOOD. I suppose the Senator from Nebraska o'clock p. m. on the calendar day of Thursday, June 16, 1921, means that we shall vote to-morrow not later than 5 o'clock. the Senate will proceed to \Ote, without further debate, upon l\Ir. NOR~IS. Yes. any amendment that may be pending, any amendment that may l\lr. UNDER,VOOD. I myself have no objection to the be offered, and upon the bill (H. n.. 6320) to regulate 1nter request. I do not know, however, whether my own position state and foreign commerce in live stock, live-stock products, represents other Senators on this side. So far as I am person dairy products, poultry, poultry products, and eggs, and for ally concerned, I know no objection to the proposition; but other purposes, through the regular parliamentary stages to its before the roll shall be called I ask that the Secretary reduce final disposition ; and that after the hour of 2 o'clock p. m. on the proposal to writing and read it td the Senate. . said calendar day no Senator shall speak more than once or· l\Ir. SIMMONS. Mr. President, I wish to ask the Senator longer than five minutes upon the bill or any amendment oi from Nebraska if he will not make the day for voting Thursday fered thereto. 2554 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR. D-Sfu~ ATE. JUNE 14,
The PRESIDENT pro tempor-e. The Secretary will call the Thursday no Senatf>r shall speak more- than once nor longer roll. than five ·minutes upon .tl1e !.>ill or any amendment thereto. The read.img clerk Cfllled the roll, and the following Senators lUr. l\!cCORl\IIGK. On any one amendment thereto.
1n21. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE.. 2555 reguiar order therefore we were deprived of Calendar Monday. of the measure, those who championed it a:nd stood for it, If no Senato~ desires to address the Senate at this time on the backed it because they said that it would increase the price of un:fini heel business, I ask unanimous consent that we rec'.lr to the farm products enumerated in the bill ; and' so it broke the the calendar to consider unobjected bills, say for one hour. promise that you made when you said you were going to reduce Mr. NORRIS. Mr. President, it seems to me, in order to pro the high cost of living. Here we have the official organ of the tect the Senators who want to talk on the unfinished business, administration displacing at the top of the list of achie-vements that I am compelled to object to taking up the calendar. I feel the passage of the emergency tariff b.ill, that placed greater it my duty to keep the Senate in such a condition that no ad burdens upon the American people in the higher costs that they -rantage can be taken of any Senator who wants to speak now, must pay for the necessaries of life--higher bread, higher meats, since we have made this unanimous-consent agreement. higher sugar, higher rice, higher wool, higher shoes, higher The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Objection is made. butter and milk, and all those things that go upon the breakfast 1\fr. HARRISON obtained the floor. table, and all those things that the workingman must buy in Mr. ASHURST. Mr. President-- order to clothe himself. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Sen a tor from 1\!r. UNDERWOOD. 1\fr. President, if it does not interrupt Mississippi yield to the Senator from Arizona? the Senator too much, I should like to ask him a question. I 1\Ir. HARRISON. I yield to the Senator. have not kept up with the condition since the passage of the Mr. ASHURST. I am in sympathy with all that my b€lliger• emergency tariff bill; but we were told at that time that it ent friend from Mississippi is going to say, I am in sympathy was going to improve conditions in agricultmal and other prod with all that he has said, but if no Senator desired to discuss ucts. Can the Senator tell us whether there has been any im- th"'e packers bill, I thought we might have the calendar to trans provement due to that? · • act pending matters. The Senator from Mississippi will say lHr. HARRISON. I have not heard any Senator who stood nothing with which I am not in accord. by that measure say that it bas helped in the slightest. I 1\ir. HARRISON. I want to say to the Senator that I am in notice that those who control the Government now, and who thorough sympathy with his proposal. for a while criticized the Democratic administration for not l\fr. ASHURST. Yes; and I feel that we would do th-e C01.ID disposing of the large surplus of wool that was on hand, the try some substantial service if we could have the calendar for other day .canceled fhe advertisement that they were going to" an hour, instead of talking of Sims and Harvey. sell it up in Boston; and, too, a bloc of agricultural Senators l\lr. HARRISON. I may say to the Senator that I do not and Representatives are constantly meeting, trying to do some propose to talk about Sims and Harvey to-day. I want to thing for the farmers of the countcy, because they know that insert in the RECORD a v-ery remarkable editorial by the official they are in distress. organ of the administration, a very excellent political classic No ray of hope or good has come from the passage of the that appeared in the WashiD.cooton Post of yesterday morning. emergency tariff bill. The Senator remembers, and Senators on l\lr. ASHURST. I am glad to hear it. Nothing that the the other side remember, that the other day the distinguished \Vashington Post has printed is offensive to me. I hope the junior Senator from Wisconsin [1\lr. LENROOT] offered and had Senator will put the entire issue in the RECORD. passed a reSolution to investigate the agricultural conditions of the co,untry, for the ;relief of the farmers, admitting by tllat ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTL resolution that the emergency tariff bill would not bring the Mr. HARRISON. Mr.t Presid~t, with this preliminary bout good which its proponents said it would when they urgecl its out of the ·way, I shall read this renm.rkable political elassic. passage, even to the extent of trying to throttle us by a cloture This paper is the mouthpiece of the party that now controls rule to put it over. the Government, and the editorial pretends to set forth the I hope lliat much good will come from the investigation of the achievements of the Republican Party during the first 14 weeks committee of which the distinguished Senator from Wisconsin it has controlled the Government. is the chairman, but certainly they have admitted by that, rmd I wm read first how it begins. The editoTial is headed by other aets, that the emergency tariff bill will do and has " On the path of progress." done no go~d. If it has accomplished anything for the farmers, Of course, no Sena.tor on the othel· side will controvert the I wish some Senat<>r over there would rise in his place now and proposition that this paper speaks by the card and that this is tell us what it is. Not only that, but in the consideratiou of the official mouthpiece of the administration. that bill-and it will stand forever against the party in con President Harding has been in offic-e 14 weeks, and the stage has now trol, and I wonder why the editm· of the paper did not cite arrived when it is t•) be expected that some party opponent will alise in his place and blandly inquire what this administration .has really done. that-when we on this "Side really wanted to do some good for the farmers, and ail.ow such things as barbed-wire fenciug, Of course, that was penned, no doubt, because of " a guilty farming implements of every kind, sewing machines, bagging conscience." The Good Book says that "The wicked :flee when and ties, and other things which the farmer needs to produce no man pursueth. '' that which he sells to be .admitted into the United States free The inquiry would not be made with a view to eliciting info-rma tion, tut for the very ob\ious purpose of creating the impression that" of duty, every Senator on the other side voted against it, und i"n 14 weeks nothing has beer. acco.mplished 'by the party which the by the provisions of the bill there was imposed a high-tariff people of the United States last November delegated to take over the duty upon those things imported which the farmers need to reins of government. The truth is that much has been done in this time. Long strides make their products. have been taken along the path of progress by both. the executive Mr. WATSON of Geo-rgia. Will the Senator from :3Iissis ippi and legislative branches of the Government, and the record of con allow me to make a suggestion? structive work is highly creditable. The fact that there remains so much to be done in the interests of the people does not in any way Mr. HARRISON. Yes. belittle the achievements to date. The latter stand not only as steps Mr. WATSON of GeoTgia. By the postponement of the enact actually taken in the program of reconstruction, but also as guaranties of the administration's df!termination to carry out in good faith all ment of the peace resolution, which the Senate passed quite a the pledges made to the people in the recent campaign. while ago, the peach growers of Georgia., as well as the corn. If called upon to enumerate some of the things done during the growers and the cotton grQwers and the .growers of other' prod firs-!: three months of this administration, one would naturally include ucts, not only of Georgia but ·of the entil·e South ; all the fruit the following- producing, all the melon-producing, all of the cotton-producing They pretend to include the following, which I shall enumer areas of the South have been deprived of German potash, and ate and discuss only b'rie:fly; and if .any Senator on the other it is well known that, in the case of the peach, for instance, you side of the aisle can suggest any other achievement than those can not without that potash toughen it or give it the color enumerated in this classic, I shall pause and invite the inter it must have when you ship it. ruption, because if the editor of this paper forgot anything it Mr. HARRISON. That is true; and not only did they, in should be included. I can not .suggest any other, and I am voting against that measure, impose a tariff upon potash and sure that no one on this side will recall any other; but some one other fertilizers which come into this country, or would come over there may think, even though this editorial delves into the into this country, which we desire to have come in free, but futme and classes as achievements those things that have they defeated that amendment which would have resulted in not happened, that others should be included. The first achieve great benefit to the farmers of the country. Ev.ery kind of fer ment in importance enumerated is- tilizer under the amendment they voted against would have Enactment of an emergency taxiff bill for the relief of Amerlcan been admitted free of duty. industry pending action UPQn a permanent bill. When they knew from experts who appeared before the com I am quite sure that no one except the editor of this paper mittee that the resumption of the 1\fuscle Shoals plant to make would pretend to claim that -as an achievement of his party, fertilizers for the farmers of the country needed a meager because it was passed to th€ shame of the Republican Party, appropriation to continue it, they sat in their places and refused will rise in the future to plague it, ::md violated Those things are not enumerated among the achievements the history of the Congress, with one exception, I believe. In St' t forth by the Washington Post, the official organ of the the good old days, in the good old Democratic days, I l>elicYe the administration. largest appropriation carried in a deficiency bill was around But the next in importance which is enumerated in this edi· $30,000,000. The two last deficiency bills which were passed by torial is the-- a Republican Congress carried around a quarter of a billion Passage of an immigration bill checking the flood of aliens to the dollars. Not only that, but you have not confined the bills to United States, and thereby protecting American labor from unlimited making appropriations to meet deficiencies as we did in the competition with foreign labor. good old Democratic measm'es, but you creat~ new offices in defi What other Republican would claim credit for the passage of ciency bills and make appropriations for the months and the the immigration bill as a party achievement? If it had been years to come, not deficiencies at all, but to pay salaries for the left to Senators on this side of the aisle, we would have placed year 1922. upon the statute books a real restrictive immigration bill, and the l\1r. l\lcKELLAR. "I was just about to call the Senator's at reason why it is not a real restrictive immigration bill and does ~ention to tl_le ~act that in this bill there i new legislation mak not go further to protect the labor of the country against cheaper mg appropriation of over $500,000 for additional clerk hire. labor being brought in from abroad and our country from being l\1r. HARRISON. Yes; and I say to the other side that the flooded wlth undesirable immigration from foreign lands, as people will find you out sooner or later. An editorial such as this editorial says, is that it was strangled by Members of the this will not deceive the American people. Senate on the other side of the aisle. We tried to have adopted . I~ wb:~.t I am saying is not true, I invite an interruption from an amendment restricting the number of immigrants coming distmgmsbed Senators on the other side of the ai ·Je. I am into this country to 1 per cent, but it was voted down by Sena· wondering if you approYe of this article, and if you can tbihk tors on the other side. I myself offered the amendment to make of some other achievement your party desenes credit for ex it 3 per cent, lowering it from 5 per cent as carried in the cept those enumerated here. original bill, which the majority side favored, and that was Let us go further. The editorial state as next in importance agreed to and was finally incorporated into the law. the following : Yet we find that this Republican organ claims for the Repub· lican Party the credit for passing an anti·immigration bill. ~he joint resolution establishing a status of peace between the Umted St~tes and Germany has passed the Senate and is now under l\Ir. McKELLAR. We tried more than that. We tried to consideration by the House. shut it out altogether for a limited period. l\1r. HARRISON. Yes; we tried to shut it out for a limited Fourteen weeks we have been in se sion. You promi ·e(l to period. But they claim it as an achievement of the present ad· establish peace right off the reel, and yet this imple little re ·o ministration. It shows how far the Republican leadership will lution declaring a status of peace bas not pa ed yet. Yl ~~;; t er go i;.} order to deceive the American people. day it passed the House, and yet I am wondering what th ~ dis Let us see what else is in this list of achievements. Next in tinguished Senator from 'Massachusetts [l\Ir. LonoE], the lemlN order is- of his party in this body, who is h.rnown in eYery nook an.-l cor P assage of necessary appropriation bills which failed in the last ner of the land, and what the distingui hed junior ti enator Congress. from Pennsylvania [1\:lr. K -ox], the author of the .:o-callell The passage of appropriation bills which failed in. the last Knox resolution, now think of their "baby." It was demo1ishell Congress is cited by the official organ of the administration as over in the House. They did to it over there whn t \Ye tried to a great achievement of the Republican Party in the first 14 do to it on this side of the aisle when it was before the Senate. weeks of its control. and we had help from only one Senator on the other side, the hlr. McKELLAR. l\lr. President, if the Senator will yield, distinguished senior Senator from Michigan [Mr. Tow:KSEN n]. neither the Army nor the Navy appropriation bill has been They offered an affront to you over in the House. Yet, if the finally passed. reports be true, they bad the cooperation of the President of the l\1r. HARRISON. I was just coming to that. Neither the United States. The resolution as passed by the Hou e, it is Army nor the Navy appropriation bill has been finally pa sed, said, met. the fayor of the President, and that which ~"a l)a ~ d and only on yesterday was the last conference report on the de by the Senate met his disfavor. I am wondering what yon will ficiency appropriation bill agreed to, and I do not think it bas do with that resolution when it comes back. yet been signed by the President of the United States. Mr. WILLIAMS. They mixed their babies up. - l\lr. UNDERWOOD. I suggest to the Senator from l\1issis Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. President, in view of the magic power Sil)Pi that possibly the official organ had doubts as to whether of the President to change the sentiment of distingui ·bed He the party in power could pass an appropriation bill. publican Senators on the Colombian treaty, doe not the Senator 1\lr. R..illRISON. Yes; and I think that is well founded, from Mississippi believe that ~·ben thi new peace resolution because the distinguished Senator from Washington [l\lr. PoiN comes back_to the Senate perhaps the fact that the Pre~ident DESTER] for weeks and for months in the last Congress, with sustains a friendJy attitude toward it will change the sent-iment all the power he posses ed, could not succeed in getting the on the other side of the aisle, and that they will accept it? naval appropriation bill passed over the objection that was made l\lr. HARRISON. I have no doubt that we will see annther to it by Senators on the other side of the aisle. strange political acrobatic performance, such as that evidenced It- is incumbent upon you to pass appropriation bills. While by the distinguished Senator from Massachusetts, who now con you deserve the condemnation of the American people for your fronts me, in his speech made at Union College advocating, in failure to pass these bills during the last session of Congress, that splendid commencement address, a strong LeagUe of Na I am glnd the naval appropriation bill failed, because by Demo tions to preserve the peace of the world, and then the reserva cratic votes we were able at this session by cooperating with tions he proposed in the consideration of the treaty of Ver the distinguished Senator from Idaho [Mr. BoRAH] and the dis sailles. tinguished Senator from Wisconsin [1\lr. LENROOT] and a few And then the other change that he made from what he had others on the other side of the aisle to reduce the appropriations stood for in the Senate, to his present position again. t ratifica lar~e ly and to add to the bill the disarmament amendment. tion of the treaty of Versailles with or without re. ·ervation. ; But we will see a little later on in this remarkable list oft aye, even to the extent of publicly declaring that it should be achievements that they claim the disarmament proposition as a sent to the "scrap pile." Republican achievement. l\lr. WILLIAMS. Or any League of Nations. l\fr. GERRY. l\Ir. President, is it not -true that in the last Mr. HARRISON. Or any League of Nations at all. That is deficiency appropriation bill, which was just passed, an amend in keeping with a good many changes of distinguished Senator.· ment was included to make it possible for the bookkeeping to over on the other side. You remember they changed oYernight show that t11e appropriation bills which were passed at this ses on the disarmament proposition. The distinguished Senator sion of Congress would be charged up to the last session r from Washington [Mr. PoiNDEXTER], acting chairman of the l\lr. HARRISO T. Ye . For the. first time in the history of Naval Affairs Committee, stood adamant against the disarma the American Congress, so far as I know-and it was admitted ment amendment offered by the distinguished Senator from by the distinguished chairman of the Committee on Appropria Idaho [l\lr. BOR.>\.H], and all of his colleagues over there were tions-a provision was inserted in the bill that the approp1ia· with him . . They would not stand for it. I under tand, if new - . tions which were made in this session of the Congre s should paper reports are correct, that the Senator from Wa hington be charged up against the old Congress, so that they could go to and his colleague on the committee, the Senator from 1\laine tha people and say, "Look at the great amount of money that [l\lr. HALE], did go to see the President and talked to him was saved during the first session when the Republicans con about this disarmament proposition. But they left the White trolled the White House and the two branches of the Congress." House without any common understanding upon it. Their The bill to which the Senator from Rhode Island has called faces were downcast. The President told them he would not my attention-the deficiency bill-which is supposed to carry stand for it, so the papers said. Then suddenly, like a clap " appropriations only to take care of deficiencies, is the largest in of thunder out of a clear sky, the whole crowd over tl?ere . 1921. changed, and came to the support of the distinguished Senator So it is claimed .as an achievement of the party that there will from Idaho. be a reduction in railroad rates. Yet the standard bearer of So I imagine that again they will change their position on the the party in the last campaign pronounced as the greatest accom so-called Knox resolution, and will now stand behind Rep plishment of a Republican Congress the passage of the Cum resentative PoRTER and his resolution, which passed the House mins-Esch railroad bill. I think I saw in one of the papers the on yesterday. , other day that the chairman of the Senate Committee on Inter· ~lr. WILJ;IAMS. By a tremendous majority. state Commerce, the author of the bill in the Senate said tl1at l\Ir. HARRISON. By a tremendous majority. Now, the neither the shippers nor the railroads were satisfi~d with it. next enumeration of splendid achievements is: If there is anyone satisfied with the Cummins-Esch railroad bill A permanent turitf bill has been drafted by the House Committee on that was pronounced by 1\Ir. Harding when a candidate for the Ways and Means and is nearly ready for the consideration of Congress. ~residency as a great achievement, I have not seen him. Here That is an achievement of the present administration in the IS what President Harding said at Galion, Ohio on August 27 first 14 weeks that it has controlled the Government. The about the railroad bill : ' ' consideration of this tariff proposition began months and [From New York Times, Aug. 28, 1920.] months and months before the 4th of March of this year. They GALION, OHIO, August 27. were having hearings all last fall and are still considering it Fa.cing:_a supposedly hostile crowd of 900 railroad men here to-day, in the House. They have that proposition over there too-- Senator H~rding told .them the time would come when they would hail the Cumm:~,ns-Esch railroad act as "the greatest forward step in all 1\Ir. WOLCOT"''. Mr. President- the history of railway legislation." l\lr. HARRISON. I yield. " Some of you do not approve," he said. " Some of you wished the Mr. WOLCOTT. Does the article say that these things which Plumb plan. Let me look you in the face and let me tell you I think the Cummins-Esch Act is the expression of the conscience of a Congress are not yet finished are achievements of the Republican Party? which sought to give highest service to the country. l\lr. HARRISON. Yes; they claim these as achievements. "Some day, maybe not this year, you railway workers will hail that Mr. WOLCOTT. I am very much reminded, if the Senator irci~.~s the greatest forward step in all the history of railway legisla· will permit me, of something I read. I think it was something that old Benjamin Franklin said about the delay with which So that which he claimed was a great achievement last year he was meeting in not being permitted to sail. The governor of they claim now through the official organ they are going to the province had constantly told him the ship would sail the change and make really in the interest of cheaper freight rates. next day, and old Ben said be was very much reminded of the Oh that you could claim as an achievement somethinO' that sign of King George on the tavern-always on horseback but would lighten the present exorbitant transportation cha1·ges. never moving on. · . The people of the counb·y are not only being grinded beneath Mr. HARRISON. I thank the Senator. His illustration is the heavy load of taxation, but prevented from shipping their most appropriate. In the consideration of the tariff bill that products to markets because of the unusual and heavy trans has been cited here as an accomplishment, I should like to portation rates. have the country know, too, that for the first time in the history All of this is due to the passage of a measure that your party of the American Congress one of the Members of the House an is responsible for and for which your President spoke in most influential member of the Ways and Means Committee, ba~ked laudatory terms of approyal on a hundred occasions in the up by the leaders in the House-I hope not by those over here last campaign. proposes to pass a resolution to have the rates imposed in this l\Ir. McKELLAR. 1\fr. President-- unborn baby to begin irru;nediately upon its report to the House l\fr. HARRISON. I yield to the Senator from Tennessee. from the Ways and l\feans Committee. I refer to the Longworth Mr. McKELLAR. I should like to have the Senator ask resolution. I have no doubt that in their mad effort to try to if there is any Senator on the floor to-day who is now pleased write some kind of achievement they will pass that resolution with the Cumrnins-Esch railroad bill? If there is one, I sbm:tld over there. I can not believe that Senators on the other side of like to hear from him. . the aisle will permit it to pass here. I am told just now that it l\Ir. BORAH. Some Senators on this side of the Chamber may be three weeks or more before it is reported to the House, are not pleased with it, and never were. and yet it is claimed as an achieve:~p.ent of the present adminis Mr. 1\IcKELLA..ll. I am quite sure of that. tration. As the Senator from Mississippi [Mr. WILLIAMs] just Mr. BORAH. However, it could not have passed Congress suggests, they are claiming an unborn child as an adult. without support from the other side of the Chamber. The next proposition is: l\fr. McKELLAR. I am sure that the Senator from Idaho was The President has initiated a movement looking to a conference of in the same position I was on that bill, and we both voted the great powers with a view to reduction of armament. against it. We did not believe in it then and we do not believe I wonder what the distinguished Senator from Idaho [Mr. in it now. BoRAH] thinks about that proposition. Why, the country will Mr. HARRISON. But the Republican mouthpiece claims as an laugh at such a suggestion of achievement for the present admin achievement something that is going to happen in the future istration. Everyone knows, and it was no secret, that the touching a repeal or modification of the bill he sponsored and President was against any resolution touching .the disarmament his party colleagues framed. 'l'he only evidence I have seen proposition. When you Republicans defeated the League of Na on which to claim this achievement is that the President walked tions you killed the best plan ever ·offered for disarmament over one day unattended to tl1e Interstate Commerce Commis and the disarmament provision would not now be in the navai sion and expressed the View privately to some employee or per appropriation bill if it were not for the untiring efforts of the haps a commissioner that the rates should be lowered to some senior Senator from Idaho [Mr. BoRAH] and the Democratic extent on fruits. membership of this body, and you only allowed it to pass when Ob, :Mr. President, it takes more than that to remove the you knew we were going to force it on you anyhow. burdens imposed by that bill from the backs of the American The President from his actions-though I do not know what people. And this false claim only accentuates the present de his utterances have been-has no sympathy with the movement plorable transportation conditions for which you are responsible. for disarmament in this country. The Secretary of War is even 1\fr. WALSH of Montana. Mr. President-- talking to graduates in this country ridiculing and criticizinO' The PRESIDING OFFICER (l\Ir. L..wn in the chair). Does the plan for disarmament and saying we should not proceed the Senator fl·om Mississippi yield to the Senator from ::.\fon until all the nations start together on disarmament. He is tana? opposed, as well as the Secretary of the Navy, to the amend Mr. HARRISON. Certainly. ment which was incorporated in the naval appropriation bill l\fr. WALSH of Montana. Recurring to the achievement re by the distinguished Senator from Idaho. Evidently the Presi corded with respect to tariff legislation, I am reminded that dent is now opposed to it, for the reason, if reports are true it only a day or two ago the Committee on \Vays and Ieans of has been changed in conference and the House at his sugges the House, having despaired of reaching any agreement what tion stands for a repudiation of your action. ever upon the wool schedule, requested the Tariff Commission Another enumeration: to prepare a draft for them, and were told that it would be some months before they would be able to report. · Accordingly Pl:rns for funding the public debt are well in hand and a compre hensiVe program will be announced before long. if the bill is to be reported within two or three months from the It will be announced just a little while before the next elec present time the Committee on 'Vays and Means must again tion, so that you can hoodwink some people just about that undertake to frame something on the wool schedule or defer time, and yet that is counted as an achievement of the present reporting the bill for at least two months. l\fr. HARRISON. What happened is just contrary to what administration. the distinguished Senator from Utah [Mr. SMooT] said" was Another alleged achievement: going to happen when the bill was being considered. , The adm~nistration already has taken up the subject of getting the Mr. WOLCOTT. l\Ir. President, I notice in the readinO' ~~~drt~~~~ system upon a satisfactory basis with a view to reducing ot these achievements, these wonderful achievements, that thlngs 2558 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JuNE i4, are spo-ken of in futuro: Foi· instance, one of the achievements the White House at a big dinner some two weeks ago, I believe, is ·that- lli~y favor revising the railroad law, but they do not where the very important ql,lestion was discussed of how we say how they are going to revise -it. are going _to revise the tax situation in the country and the · l\lr. HARRISON. They uo not know. finances of the country, a.t which conference, as the distin · Mr. WOLCOTT. No; they do not know. Another achieve guished Senators recall, very able financiers from New York ment is that they are at work on a tariff bill, but they do not were present. The biggest bankers were there, I believe, in know just yet what it will be. · ' cluding John P. Morgan. They would not let a little fellow in · l\11;. HARRISON. The" best minds" will get together. on that occasion. Only the men who are worth millions and : Mr. WOLCOTT. Yes; the best minds will 'function on that millions and who now control and have controlled for years proposition and, I assume, do something as ideal as the typical the policies of Wall Street could appear and get a place at that Republican tariff legislation in the past. festive board. l\Ir. WILLIAMS.· For mutual profit. l\fr. GERRY. Mr. President, if I recollect correctly, one of Mr. WOLCOT'l'. Yes; for mutual profit. Is not this rather the promises upon which the Republican campaign managers typical of the mental operations of thoSe who are now in charge put the gre~test stress was that they would reduce taxation. of the Government? I recall very distinctly, if the Senator will I have in. my hand here the hearings before the Committee on paruon · me a moment more, that during the campaign· the Fin·ance of the Senate, part 15, dated May 25, 1921. I find there Republican candidate for President very frequently made some that the Senator from Utah [l\!r. SMOOT] asked: such statement as this: "I favo-r a revision of the revenue law, You do not believe tor a moment that taxes are going to be less than but am -not at· this time prepared to say how. I favor "-I they are this year for many years to come? 1\fr. MILLER. I am very much afraid it can not be done, Senator. recall :very distinctly he said, in substance-" our entering into Senator Sl\IOOT. Let me say to you frankly that I think they will be an association of nations, but I am not at this time prepared to increased. say what it wilJ be." Mr. MILLER. I am sorry to hear that. ·Now, does the Senator find anything in this edit01ial that · That, c·oming from one of i:he leaders of the Republican indicates that that. Republican state of .mind . or. Republican Party, seems to indicate that we are not going to have a l'e· process of mentnl operation has in anywise changed? Is it not duction of taxes when the proposed new revenue law shall still a case of fm·oring something, but they do not know just have been passed by the Senate. what it is? _ . . · . Mr. WILLIAMS. Rut it must be confessed that Mr. Miller l\Ir. HARRISON. It is in keeping-with the very consistent expressed regret. policy of the present President of changing very quickly on l\Ir. GERRY. I read that. every proposition· and being just as clear as mud on all propo- Mr. HARRISON. Yes; l\Ir. Miller expressed regret, although sitions. . . the distinguished Senator from Utah last year in his campaign l\Ir. WOLCOTT. That is to say, these gentlemen, now that did not tell his people that the Republican Party would be un they are in office, are manifesting the same mental ebb a.nd fl~nv able to reduce tax€'s. He then stated that they were going to that they manifested wllile they were candidates. Their minds reduce the high cost of living; that they were going to cut down are still in a state of flux. They have not yet arriveu at a the enormous expenses of the Government; that they were goi ug destinatio-n. to reduce the taxes of the people. Now, however, the folks Mr. HARRISON. And the people of the co-untry are rapidly are waking up; they see that the expenditures are not being waking up to the fact. diminished, · the taxes are not being reduced ; that the cost of Mr. WATSON of Georgia. l\!r. President, this seems to be a living is not being lowered; that they are in the ·hands of the mosaic speech of the best contributory minds. [Laughter.] ~ll;. biggest gang of reactionaries-! will not say pirates-- · · sort of picnic basket uinner to which each brings his share of 1\fr. WILLIAMS. Profiteers. the victuals-- l\Ir. HARRISON. Of profiteers in the country. 1\lr. KENYON. Mr. President, we can not hear the joke. Mr. GERRY. Is it not parallel with the fact that in 1908, What is it? when the Republican Party won the election with a pledge to Mr. Sl\IITH. It is on the Republican Party. revise the tariff, after Congress assembled they said that they l\Ir. WATSON of Georgia. As this seems to be a sort of contri had not promised to revise it downward, ancl they proceedeu to bution to a brilliant patchwork quilt, I would suggest to the Sena revise it upwaru? tor from Mississippi, if he will suspend his storm· for a moment, l\Ir. HARRISON. Yes; and the very next time the people that the present administration has· actually put this Govern got a chance at them they drove them from power and · com ment in communication with a functioning body, the supreme missioned the Democratic Party to take charge of the Govern council \Yhich is moving armies and allotting territories and ment. It is also a remarkable fact in history that within less remaki~g the map of the wor1d, and that while.. we have repudi than 30 days after the succeeding Congress was organizeu, \vhen a·ted the League of Nations we are in· an association of nations. the Democrats obtaineu control, they had passed a revenue bill l\1r. WILLIAMS. Quite right! and sent it over to the Senate for its considerntion. The Demo l\!r. HARRISON. The next enumeration of achievement car crats did that in less than 30 days; but here the Republicans ried in the official organ is this: have been considering the tariff question for 8 months; indeed, TherP has bt>en material improvement in the hospitalizatiOn nrul re they should have gone at it sooner than that, for they have now hahilit:i'tion ot sick and wounded soldiers, • with I.Jetter conditions to come. had control of the legislative branch of the Government for 27 The arrogance of laying claim to doing something toward bet months. terin"" the conditions of the disabled soldiers of the country! Mr. KING. Will the Senator yield to me? ~rhe ~nly thing that has been <'tone for the disabled sol it is only a question of those who are in favor of it, the majority UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD. party, getting together and passing a joint resolution that will Mr. KING. l\fr. President, several days ago I offered a reso not bring about effective peace relations with Germany in the lution ( S. Res. 83) relating to the Shipping Board. I asked end, and they insist on doing so, I see no reason why we that it lie on the table, because I hoped that at the suc should delay them in their efforts to reach an agreement among ceeding session, or within a day or two, the chairman of the themselves. Therefore I shall not resist action on the joint Committee on Commerce, the Senator from Washington [~It·. resolution at this time. JoNES], might consent to its being considered and passed. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Massachu I haye had some conversation with that Senator, and under setts [Mr. LODGE] moves that the Senate disagree to the amend all the circumstances I am going to ask that the resolution be ments of the House and ask for a conference with the House on taken from the table and referred to the Committee on Com the disagreeing votes of the two Houses, and that the Chair merce. I sincerely hope that the committee will give the reso appoint the conferees on the part of the Senate. lution immediate consideration. Notwithstanding the fact that The motion was agreed to; and the Presiding Officer appointed a new Shipping Board has been appointed, I think the infor Mr. LODGE, Mr. KNOX, and Mr. HITCHCOCK conferees on the part mation called for here is very important, and I hope the com of the Senate. mittee will give the resolution prompt consideration. PROTECTION OF MATER~~TY AND !~FANCY. Mr. JONES of Washington. Mr. President, as I stated to the 1\Ir. KENYON. l\lr. President, I want to ask that a bill re Senator, I shall take up the matter. The main thing I want to ceive consideration, not at this time, but I bring it up here to ascertain is about what time it will take to prepare the infor see if I can not secure a special order under Rule X for its mation, what the probable expense will be, and so forth, to see consideration later in the session. Many Senators have told me just what action would be justified under the circumstances. that they wanted to be present when the bill was brought up, I assure the Senator that .the matter will be taken up promptly. and I am compelled to be away for several days after the l\1r. KING. I am glad to know, if the public press is to be packer bill is disposed of. The bill is commonly known as the believed, that a new policy is to be adopted with reference to maternity bill, to which some Senators are opposed. It is Sen the Shipping Board; and I will suggest to the Senator, if he ate bill 1039, Order of Business No. 61. I want to move that wm pardon me for one moment, that I think the policy ofLllie this bill be made a special order for Tuesday, June 28, at 2 board in the allocation of ships has been most reprehensible. o'clock. That will give ample time for all Senators to under I think in violation of law they have refused to charter ships stand that the bill will come up. when they should have done so. They have discriminated in l\1r. KING. Mr. President, does the Senator contemplate that their allocations, and favorites llave received a large number his motion will now be passed upon by the Senate? of ships. Mr. KENYON. I should like to have it passed upon simply Men who would have bought, my information is, have been to make the bill a special order. The time I mention is two denied an opportunity to purchase. Men who would have char weeks away. tered have been denied the opportunity to charter, and alloca Mr. KING. The Senator can see that there are very few tions have been made which have involved the Government in Senators present. I hope he will not press the motion at this millions of dollars of expense. Under those allocations, the time. I should feel constrained to call for a quorum, and I do persons or the corporations receiving them did not incur a single . not want to do that. dollar's risk. They received a large percentage for operation; Mr. KENYON. I will not press it, then, under the Senator's and, of course, the Government, in the language of the street, suggestion; but I hope the Senator will not object to having it was holding the sack, and was compelled to meet all of the made a special order for that time. I do not know just wllat losses-and they. were stupendous--that were incurred in the operation. the arrangem~nt of the steering committee is; the Senator from Kansas [Mr. CURTIS], perhaps, can state; but I had understood The policy is bad; it is in violation of law; and I incerely that the coal bill was to come up next. Then, I think, it is ex hope that President Harding and the new board will pursue a pected that the maternity bill will follow. policy that will avoid these tremendous losses and will, lf po - l\fr. CURTIS. Mr. President, the steering committee has not sible, save the merchant marine. The policy we are adopting acted on the matter ; but it was generally understood that the now will destroy it, as well as incur additional obligations coal bill would be taken up next, and that the maternity bill which the taxpayers will have to pay. would follow. . The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution will be referred to Mr. KENYON. I am in this situation: I have been pretty the Committee on Commerce. constantly in attendance here, but unfortunately for me the ,/ THE MEAT-PACKING INDUSTRY. maternity bill apparently is coming up just at the one time when The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, re umed the con I have to be away during the session, and that is why I should sideration of the bill (H. R. 6320) to regulate inter tate and like to have it made a special order. foreign commerce in live stock, live-stock product , dairy prod Mr. KING. I think we can assure the Senator that we will ucts, poultr~, poultry products, and eggs, and for other pur- not press it in his absence. poses. · Mr. KENYON. I know the Senator from Utah will not, but l\lr. SMOOT. Mr. Pre..:ident, I sugge t the ab ence of a I thought we might agree to a special order .in the matter. I quorum. will say to the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. LoDGE] that I The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secretary will call the roll. was trying to see if I could not arrange for a special order The roll was called, and the following Senators answered to under which the maternity bill would be taken up two weeks their names: from to-day; but I will wait until another time if the Senator Ashurst Hale 1cCorrulck ,'immons from Utah i going to object. I a k the Senator, however, Brandegee Harris McCumber ,,mith Broussard Harrison McKellar 8moot whether he per ·onally will object to ·that? Is he not satisfied Hursum Heflin McLean :ilutherland with that? Calder Hitchcock McNary Trammell Mr. KING. I want to see what measures of importance are Camet·on ;Tohnson Myers Undet·wood ()f Capper .Tones, Wa h. New Wadswot·th upon the calen~ar and what is in the mind the steering com Caraway Kendrick Nicholson Walsh, Mont. mittee of the Republican Party. There may be other measures Curtis Kenyon Norris Warren upon the calendar of far greater importance than the one to Dial Keyes Oddie Watson, Ga. Dillingham King Overman Wat. on, Ind. which the Senator is now calling attention. Ernst Ladd Phipps Wolcott Mr. KENYON. The Senator from Massachusetts is the head Fernald La Follette Pittman of the steering committee. I do not know what the program Fletcher Lenroot Poindexter is, but I had understood that this bill was to follow the coal bill Gerry Lodge Sheppard l\1r. LODGE. The Senator from Kansas has stated the situa The PRESIDING OE'FICER (l\1r. CURTis in the chair). tion. No formal action was taken; but it was understood that Fifty-seven Senators having answered to their names, a quorum the coal bill would follow the packers bill, and that the ma is present. The question is on agreeing to the amendment of ternity bill was to follow the coal bill. That was my under the committee as amended. · standing. Mr. ASHURST. Mr. President, I do not wi h to di cu s the Mr. KENYON. There is no telling how long the coal bill will pending bill, but, as I said two hours ago, we were ye terday take, but I assume that it will not take all of next week. deprived of Calendar 1\fonday. I repeat that it eemed to me Mr. LODGE. I shall be glad to have the bill go over, a the at that time ungracious and almost impolite to interfere with Se11ator reque ts. . the debate that was going on upon various matters which Sena 1\Ir. KENYON. I do not like to ask accommodation for myself, tors deemed important, but we were deprived of Calendar 1\Ion but I understand that several Senators are to be away ne:>..i; day, and unless some Senator wi hes to dis,cus this bill, why week who would like to be present when the maternity bill is could we not now take up the calendar for unobjected bills anrl brought up. run through it? ' 1921. CONGRESSIONAL JtECORD-SEN ATE. 2561 l\Ir. Sl\100T. I will ask the Senator whether he can give us I have in mind, however, the ramifications of this act, not any assurance that every l\Ionnay we will not have the same only to the so-called small packers but to thousands and thou kind of a speech during the morning houl'? · sands of people engaged in one phase or another of the liv-e l\Ir. ASHURST. I do not make threats; they are of no stock industry. utility and are usually a breach of manners; but I feel that This bill is entitled "An act to regulate interstate and foreign hereafter it will be my duty to insist, as I probably should have commerce in live stock and li-ve-stock products." If it does done yesterday, on the consideration of the calendar on Mon that-and it certainly is intended tpat it shall do it-it will day. Monday is set apart for the calendar, and it ought to be affect, directly or indirectly, every person concerned in and obsened ; so if I feel next Monday as I felt all day yesterday connected with the industry, and if we view the industry as a and feel to-day, we will have a calendar call next Monday. unit, we will find it is the largest industry in the United States. l\lr. SMOOT. -About an hour and a half of the time this More people are engaged in it, more people are interested in it, morning has been taken up in a discussion that may have more people are connected with it, I am quite sure, than with pleased some, but that is certainly not enlightening to the any other industry you can select ; and they are people in every country. walk of life. l\lr. ASHURST. I desire that my party, here and elsewhere, So, since the bill has been under discussion, I have paid espe should reap, and I am going to assist it to reap, every f:;tir cial attention to the definitions, for they are most important. partisan advantage that we honorably can reap. I serve notice For instance, take the term "packer," as defined on page 30, that every fair advantage we can take of the Republican Party line 17. It is defined as follows : we are going to take. It is our duty to do it, and we ought The term " packer " means any person engaged in the business of to do it. slaughtering live stock or preparing live-stock products for sale in commerce, or of marketing live-stock products as a subsidiary of or an Mr. SMOOT. Nobody objects to that. adjunct to any such slaughtering or preparing business. Mr. ASHURST. I believe, however, that the best way for the Democratic Party to keep the good opinion and the esteem That definition of the term " packer •• should be taken and of the people is to do the people's business. You know, :Mr. considered in connection with the definition of the term "live President, I have really made a success of life by being diligent, stock products," which is found on line 7 of the same page, as by taking care of affairs committed to my keeping-the people's follows: The term " live-stock products " means all products and by-products affairs and my own affairs. I believe that if the Democratic of the slaughtering and meat-packing industry derived from live stock Party will press forward with high courage, and assist the and owned or controlled by a packer. Republican Party in trying to pass any bills that mean the good The discussions in the committee very clearly brought out the of the country, and defeat, or try to defeat, bills that are not fact that the authors of the bill intend by this bill, and under for the common good, our party need not worry about the elec these two definitions, to have these regulatory provisions apply tions, for we will win without erious difficulty. to the packer as we know him, as he is generally considered ; l\Ir. NORRIS. Mr. President, if the Senator will permit me that is, a large concern engaged in purchasing animals, slaugh to interrupt him, under the unanimous-consent agreement I tering them, selling the food products, and processing the. by would feel in hon01: bound to object to taking up anything else products to a greater or less degree. That, I think it is fair to as long as anyone desires to speak on the packer bill. The say, is the conception of the authors. Senator from New York [Mr. WADSWORTH] is here, ready to But I venture to state the definition goes infinitely beyond speak on the bill, and I would necessarily have to object. that. It may be somewhat of a surprise to Members of the l\Ir. 'V ADSWORTH. l\lr. President, I am entirely willing Senate to hear me or any other person make the assertion that that the calendar hall be taken up. this will apply to a very large proportion of the retail butchers l\Ir. NORRIS. I am not willing that that shall be done, i.f of the country. The retail butcher in many, many instances the Senator from New York can go on now, because there will slaughters animals for himself. Go into the ordinary country come a time when there will be several Senators who will want village, of which there are thousands in the United States, and to go on, and they can not all get the opportunity. you will find that while the retail butcher customarily obtains l\Ir. ASHURST. I withdraw the request, then, if there be any a part of his beef from the refrigerator car, which -visits the Senator who wants to discuss this bill, or any other bill. But town about once a week, he also purchases from time to time let me say to the Senator from Nebraska that he must remember live animals from the farmers in the vicinity. Particularly is that we were deprived of Calendar Monday yesterday, that so with respect to calves. He will buy veal calves from l\lr. NORRIS. I recognize that, and if there were no one here the farmers in the vieinity; he will buy fat cows; he will buy ready to talk on the packer bill I would not object,· but I feel it young fat heifers; he will buy lambs and hogs, slaughter them to be my duty to keep anything else from corning before the himself, and sell the meat in the community. Up to that point Senate as long as this bill is before the Senate, if there is anyone he is not engaged in interstate commerce. ready to speak. If there is not, I TI"ill yield to the Senator very But the hides which are taken from those animals which he gladly. slaughters and the offal and the bones which are taken from Mr. ASHURST. I suppose the Chair will construe the re those. animals he sells to agents who travel the country picking marks of the Senator from Nebraska as an objection; so, of up hides for tanneries, picking up bones for fertilizer manu course, that will prevent a consideJ·ation of the calendar at facturers, and other by-products for other manufacturers ; and this time. he sells those by-products to these other people, and they move. Mr. WADSWORTH. 1\Ir. President, on yesterday, just before in interstate commerce. He thereupon becomes a packer under the close of the session, I made a few observations upon one the terms of this bill as I read it. He can be numbered by the of the details of the bill. To-day I want to make some other thousands. I do not believe the authors of this bill meant to observations, directed entirely to the practical operation of the include them; at least I have difficulty in believing it. proposed statute, not to the court procedure, or the methods of I urged these things upon the Committee on Agriculture, and appeal, which I do not feel competent to discuss as ably as many am compelled to confess that my views were overwhelmingly other Senators. outvoted. I offered an amendment in the committee itself ·EYer since this legislation was first brought up in the Com whichy I believe, if adopted, will confine the operation of this mittee on Agriculture, and during all of the discussions which law to those concerns which the authors of the bill have said have taken place in the committee, and upon a former occasion all along were the only ones they want to reach ; that is, the upon the floor of the Senate itself, one thing bas caused me a packer in the ordinarily accepted sense of that term. good deal of concern, and that is-anu I say it with all kindness The amendment which I offered in the committee I · offered for the authors of the legislation-that there is apparently so yesterday and asked to have printed. To my mind it is vital. little conception in their minds of the infinite ramifications of It would go in on line 9, page 30. It would strike out the the proposed law. words "and owned or controlled by a packer," and substitute We have fallen into the habit of discussing this bill as if it the words "and used for food," so that the definition of "liv-e were to apply only to the five big packers, and there has been stock products " would read . a good deal of vitriol used-I am not saying whether rightly or The term " live-stock products" means all products and by-products wrongly-in the observations made concerning their methods of of the slaughtering and meat-packing industry derived from live stock doing business, and I think it is fair to say that the minds of and used for food. most Senators have been running to the inquiry, What effect That would regulate the big packers in e-verything they do in will this have upon the five large packers? the slaughter of animals and distribution and sale of food That part of the bill does not disturb me very much, and it derived from the animals. It is true it would not regulate never has, because I think TI"hen all is said and done and the them in the manufacture of glue. W'hy we should regulate the Government undertakes regulation of the packing business, the manufacture of glue I uo not know. big packers arc the ones who will be best able to take care of It would not regulate them in the manufacture of brushes, themselves. the b1istles of which are a by-product of the slaughtered hog. 2562 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-SENATE. JUNE 14 . ' It would not regulate them, it is true, in the manufacture of anxious \Yere the authors of the bill ::o include t~·aders as they pep ~ in, which is ::m important by-product derived from the know them in the yards that they were unable to agree upon slaughter of animals. any modification of the term or the word "trader" or any defi I baYe never heard of any grave complaint, arising from any nition to be given to it. '"'ource, concerning the methods of the manufacture, distribu This matter is -of immense importance. I know a good many tion, and sale of glue, pepsin, brushes, or buttons, which are of these men. They are entirely reputable persons. None ever made from bones, and various other things. become millionaires. They do exactly the same kind of busine s It can not be denied there has been complaint from vadous a those men who go· about the country buying vegetable::; and . otuces, which I think myself has been very much exaggerated, shipping them to the city markets to be sold, buying ego-::; and relating to the operations of the packer, as we know him, in shipping or bringing them into Washington on b·ucks and the ordinarily accepted sense of the term, in the handling of selling them in the municipal market, buying wheat or buying meat food products and in th.; purchase of animals from which anything that is grown that l1as any value. Their influence in those food products are derived. the Ih·e-stock industry is tremendous when taken in the a6gre If the definition of "live-stock products," together with the gate. They do a great good to the industry. The'ir willingness d~finition of " packer "-and they must always be linked to to buy the animals on the farm and ship at their own risk to gether-remain as they are in the bill to-day, this bill is going the markets and there sell them relieves thousands of farmers very far beyond the real intentions of its authors. It will affect from the necessity of taking that risk. not only the big packer, but it will affect, I believe, the over Mr. CARAWAY. Will the Senator permit an interruption? whelming majority of retail butchers. The PRESIDING OFFICER (l\1r. FERNALD in the chair). The bill, be ides that, of course, affects the commission men Does the Senator .from New York yield to the Senator from in the stock-yards. The commi sion man acts as the agent of Arkansas? the owner of the cattle .who desires to sell them. :aJr. WADSWORTH. Certainly. When you regulate the agent, you are regulating the owner. Mr. C.ARAW.AY. I do not understand that a man who buys It is inevitable. By indirection, at least, you are going to cattle from a farmer and ships to market is a trader within the regulate the entire process of conducting the live-stock business, view of the bill at all, because in order to be a trader he must from the buying of the animal to the table, the ·biggest under handle tl1e live stock in commerce, and "in commerce" bas taking of its kind, I think, ever proposed in time of peace, so been defined to be after lliey become a part of the process of large that it wm inevitably break down of its own weight unless marketing in interstate trade. the Goverilii!ent is willing to appropriate millions and millions l\fr. WADSWORTH. He does handle the live stock in com of dollars in following up and regulating all these b·ansactions, merce. He himself ships it. calling for l''eports from all these little people-! use that phrase Mr. CARAWAY. Not within the definition of the word as descripti>e of these men engaged in the business upon a very " trader,'' if the Senator will read it in that connection. It small . cale as contrasted with those who are engaged in it upon says: a very large scale--getting reports from them, acces to all their And any trader or conun..ission man or other person performing serv recnrd , all their books and all their papers, i suing regulations ice wholly or partly in commerce with respect to live stock handled as to what they mny do and what they may not do, when they in or in connection with a stockyard. shall do it and when they may not do it. The thing has in He is simply shipping to some one who handles it there, which finite ramifications, and from the very beginning of the discus does not make him a trader at all, as I understand the defini sions which have been going on now for two or three years it is tion. It i the man who stays in the stockyards and who buys that element of the situation that has alarmed me. from people who ship live stock there and whose transaction is I spoke yesterday of the use of the word " trader " in the wholly within the 8tockyard who is the trader; but the man bill. That is found in the definition of the term "operator,'' as who goes out and buys from the farmer and ships to the stock follows: yards is not a trader within the definition of the bill. The term " operator " means any Jrerson engaged in the business of Mr. WADSWORTH. May I remind the Senator there is no conducting or operating a stockyard in which live stock is handled in definition of the word " trader "? commerce and any trader or commission man or other person perform- Mr. CARAWAY. "Trader" is defined by the very restric ing ervice wholly or partly in commerce. · tion placed upon it. It is the man who performs services in -~nd so forth. commerce wholly or in part in or in connection with a stock It is very clear that the definition, so far as it applies yard. to the trader, does not reflect the wishe~ of the author of 1\!r. WADSWORTH. With respect to live stock hanuletl in the bill. He and all the authors and backers of the bill de or in connection with the stoc1.-ryard always? sire the trader regula ted. As the paragraph reads, only the l\Ir. CARAWAY. Yes. That defines a trader. It doe not . trader who performs a service can be regulated and no traders mean a man who buys a cow from his neighbor anu ships it to perform senice. market, but a man who has connection with the stockyard and But let us look into the matter of regulating the trader and who buys and sells there. It defines the man. see where we go. Mr. WADSWORTH. Does the Senator mean " buy and ell" Tllere is no definition here of the word "trader." Any man or "buy or sell"? wllo buys and sells cattle is a trader. If he does it in connec Mr. CARAWAY. I think if he did either in connection with tion with a stockyard or m a stockyard, he will _be regulated, the stockyard be would be a trader, but not that he is a shipper accOl'ding to the wishes of the author of the bill. Now, let of cattle to the market and a seller on the market, but is some u see where this goes and make up our minds, if we can, body who is a trader in the stock-yards. whether we want to follow so far along that road. Mr. WADSWORTH. Of course, this man operates in the E>ery Senator who has lived in the counb·y at all and has stockyards every week. . come in contact with the agricultural business and the li>e l\1r. CARAWAY. It never did occur to me before, a:Jd it . tock business knows that through every .agricultural section does not yet occur to me that that is so. . there travel men who go to the farmers and purchase direct 1\!r. WADSWORTH. I know tllat it did not occur to orne from them sheep and cattle and hogs. They pay them cash; Senators, but it has been occurring to me all along. We have make it a business to buy the live stock. outright and themselves to be very careful in these definitions or we go much further ~hip it to market, generally-in fact, in practically all cases than we really intend to. accompanying the live stock t.o market. They then sell the Mr. CARAWAY. What does it mean by saying this, if the animals which they have purchased fi·om the farmers. They Sen.ator will pardon me further : tlo it in or in connection with the stockyards. They trade in Any trader or commission man- cattle. They b·ade in sheep. They trade in hogs. It may be one and the same person- They are traders; and yet, under the provisions of the bill, or other person performing services wholly or parttx in commerce with it is intended that the Secretary of Agricultm·e is to regulate respect to live stock handJed in or in connection With the stockynrd. every transaction they enter into, follow them out into the coun The term " in commerce '' has been defined in the bill itself. try, all o>er this broad land, and insist that they keep certain Mr. WADSWORTH. Interstate commerce. I think it means sorts of records, keep their books in a certain fashion, or at just what I recited. I can not see any other meaning to it. lea t call upon them for reports from time to time. All their Now, Mr. President, that paragraph of the bill, as I am in method and practices are to be subject to the regulation of the formed, does not yet meet the approval certainly of the Sen Secretary of Agriculture or the Feder-al li>e-stock commis ator from Wyoming [Mr. KENDRICK]. I pointed out yesterday; sioner merely because they happen to be in the business of as I did a moment ago >ery briefly, that traders do not per bu;ring and selling live stock. They can be numbered by the form services in the accepted sense of the term. thou..."Ullds. I brought this matter up in the committee, but so l\Ir. h.~NDRICK. Mr. President-- 1921. CONGRESSIONAL :RECORD-SENATE. 2563' 1\fr. WADS WORTH. I yield to the Senator from Wyoming. country or a so-called trader in the yards, he sh~uld for that Mr. KENDRICK. I wish to say to the Senator from New. reason be regulated. York that that definition could be· easily corrected by an amend · Mr. CARAWAY. If the Senator will pardun. me, there is no ment to read : effort to regul..'lte the retail butcher. Wllose principal business shall be buying and selling live stock within' Mr. WADSWORTH. It is proposed to be done under this the stockyards. · bill. 1\Ir. CARAWAY. I beg the- Senator's pardon.. If the Senatoc Mr. w· ADSWORTH. May I ask the Senator a question'! will read the bill, he will find· that the only man who is pro H~ has a copy of the bill before him. My amendment- is to posed to be regulated by it is the man who prepares the products strike out the words " trader or," so that it would then read: of live stock for commerce, and commerce is. defined to be. inter .And any commission man or other per.son performing sel:"vices .wholly state shipping and selling. or partly in commerce with respect to hve stock handled m or In' con 1\Ir. WADS WORTH. But does not the retail butcher t>repare nection with a stockyard. live·stock products. for commerce? Does not the phrase " other person " bring in the -very people 1\Ir. CA.RA. WAY. Oh, he sells it locally; but that is not co.J.ll!' whom tlie Senator thinks should be· brought· in 1 merce, for comme1·ce is defined in the bill to be- the selling inter Mr. KENDRICK. It is possible that it might, but it would state. seem in one way to eliminate them altogether. Undoubtedl)", as Mr. WADSWORTH. Yes; but do not the hides which he €ok the Senator from Arkansas [1\Ir. 0ABAWAY] pointed out yester lects from the animals go into interstate commerce? day, they are a very essential factor in the handling of trade Mr. CARAWAY. He does not become a. dealer engaged in through these- yards and should oe included. As I stated yes interstate commerce. terday, tlley consider themseives to be a part of the stockyard Mr. WADSWORTH. But he sells them in interstate com-· agencies. merce. Mr. W ADS\VORTH. Yes; they do. I do not deny that. Mr. CARAWAY. But he is not a packer, eyen though he sells Mr. KENDRICK. What could be the objection, if I may ask, hides, because the hide is a by-product, and the- by-product is to specifying definitely in the way r have suggested? not proposed to be controlled by this bill further. than that itJ is Mr. WADS WORTH. If the Senator wishes to add another the property of the packer. Because a butcher sells: hides in definition to the bill, defining the term " trader," then, of course, interstate commerce does not make him a packer. H-e must be there is ncr objection from my standpoint. I think it is unneces a packer before he can be regulated, ana a packer mu t be a man sary, because if my amendment were adopted it w proposed in the bill is designed ·to make ·meat and meat prod amount which the consumer must pa~r to the butcher for. the ucts clleaper to the consumer? We may pass all the packer meat. There undoubtedly is one of the great problems-the bills we please, but if we allow the retailer to go on in the way profits that appear to be made, the toll takeu by the handler he is now going, meat will never be any cheaper unless the of the animal between the time of slaughter ancl the time when retailer is regulated. . . it reaches the consumer. I am not sure that this bill will ac I have here in my desk now my accounts of the 11rices which complish \ery much in that regard;· but, at ~ he other end of were charged me for meat back in 1912, 1913, 1914, and 1915, the problem, will it enhance the price or broaden the market and they show that to-uay the retail price of meat in some cases ?f the producer of the animal? That is the main question, is almost double what it was in those years. . It is as to the It seems to me, anu whether that result can be accomplished retailer that regulation is needed, if the general public are under this proposed legislation is quite important for us to going tp get any benefit. consider. Mr. W A.DSWORTH. Of course I can agree with the ob Mr. W A.DSWOrl.TH. l'ir. President, I hav3 nJ cJnfid"nce servations which the Senator from Utah has made relative to that any law passed by Congress, no matter bow carefully con the profit of the retailers and of the packers themselves. as trived, will raise the price of live cattle and reunce the price we ordinarily understand the term; bnt I am interested to of meat at one and the same time. So far ns relative prices know whether the Senator from Utah and the Senate as a body are concerned, the relation of the live-cattle price to the dressed really intend to :·egulate all the retail butchers in ~ he United meat price, I do not think this bill will have the lightest effect States? upon them. I tJ ~ ink it is going to result in increasing the cost 1\lr. SMOOT. I can say to the Senator that, so far as the of doing business. I think it will rob the business of certain Senator from U tah is ccncerneu, he does not expect to c1o that, elements of elasticity and of promptness in responuing to ever nor is he in favor of it. changing economic conditions under the law of supply and 1\fr. WADSWORTH. The Senator from Utah does not ex demand, for wherever the Government lays hand upon a busi pect that? ness and imposes regulations it takes away from the thousands 1\fr. SMOOT. No; the Senator does not expect that the re a~d thousands of per ons engaged in that business, to a cer tailers shall be regulated, and he does not think Congress tam degree at least, liberty of action. would pass a law to that effect. · It tends to put a strait-jacket upon them, to confine them to l\1r. WADS WORTH. .r merely drew attention to the situa certain defined, well marked-our channels, from which they are tion. not allowed to depart, sa,-e as tbe Government upon appeal or l\Ir. KENYON. But the Senator from Utah has just stated upon hearing will r)ermit. We tried all of these things during that be thinks they ought to be regulated. I do not claim that the war. We regulated from top to bottom busines es which the pending bill does regulate them; I do not think it does; haYe always been considered private, and I think that the !!!'eat but if the retailers ought to be regulated, why does the Senator majority of those engag~d in any of those businesses rej~iced object to regulating them? \.vhei1 the Government's hand was taken off. l\Ir. W ADSWO:rrTH. Of course, if we can think of anyone l\Ir. KENDRICK. Mr. Pre~ident-- else to regulate, let us put them in. . 1\Ir. \V ADSWOHTH. I yield to the Senator from Wyoming. l\Ir. KENYON. If we could regulate a few profiteers it would 1\lr. KENDRICK. I wish to ask the Senator from New York be a good thing. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from New their by-products. The susptc1on seems to exist that the big York further yield to the Senator from 'Vyoming? packer is hiding a large portion of his profits by not taking the 1\lr. WADS,VORTH. ~es. public into his confidence as to how much he makes on his by Mr. KENDRICK. Does the Senator believe that there is any products, such as the buttons and the glue anC!. the bides and intention to put anything in this bill that is calculated to inter the bones, and various other things. fere with the mana"ement of the business in the yards further The advocates of the bill haYe always insisted that those than to insure fair dealing between the different agencies in the things should be regulated, jnst as the slaughtering of the yarcls and the producers! animals· and the disposition of the food products are regulated. Mr. WADSWORTH. Yes, Mr. President; I think it can go to With that I can not agr~e , and I see no necessity for it at all, :any leJJgths under the language of the bill. I know the intention in view of the presence in the bill of section 16. of the Senator from Wyoming, and I do not disagree with that The Senator from Wyoming [Mr. KENDRICK] said just a intention, except in two or three details of this bill, which he moment ago that his only interest in this matter was that the and I haYe often talked about, notably, these definitions and Secretary of Agriculture should know the price at which the Title V, which I am going to discuss in a few moments; but packer sold his raw hides, for example, to his own tannery; under the bill as written all the methods and practices of every what he charged 'his tanning business for the hide, which is the body engaged in the business are subject to the supervision, regu by-product of his slaughtering business, and that f nrther tban lation, and control of the Federallh·e-stock commissioner. Now, that he did not care what happened. he may state that such and such a method of practice or device 1\Ir. KENDRICK. Mr. President-- of these people sh_ould be changed because be thinks it will The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from New haYe a beneficial effect upon somebody else to have it changed. York yield further to the Senator from Wyoming? There is no limit to the changes he can bring about, as lang as Mr. WADSWORTH. I yield again. he does not infringe the Constitution of the United States; and Mr. KENDRICK. r am sm·e the Senator did not mean to I think there is no limit to his power in the matter. of regulation misquote me. My statement was, in effect, that tbe framers saYe the Constitution of the United States. of this law, or the public, or the Secretary of Agriculture, 1\lr. KENDRICK. Does not the Senator believe that the defi whoever it may be, is concerned only in knowing that the value nitions confining the operations of this law to the stockyards of the by-products was fixed according to the market value themselves limit the ramifications to which the Senator has as it was transfen-ed from the packer to the operators of the referred! by-pToduct companies. 1\fr. WADS WORTH. Of course, they could be broader. For instance, suppose a packer did own a factory which 1\Ir. KENDRICK. It would be physically impossible or im b&nght the by-products; then, if it could be demonstrated possible in any other way to go out and assume that a butcher clearly that he paid the market price for the products, so far ottt in the country has anything to do with the stockyards; .and as I .can see, the interest of the public in that account is closed. for that rea on I think the Senator's reasoning is, I will say, Mr. WADSWORTH. I think so myself, but the bill goes far-fetched when he goes out and includes the butcher in the mu-ch further. The bill seeks to regulate the manufacture of cotmtry, who probably in a lifetime never goes to the stock the hide into leather, and of the bones into -:fet;tilizer. All the yard. methods and practices, all the steps taken, in this purely manu 1\Ir. WADSWORTH. Yes; bot he does not have to go to the facturing business,-are subject to the orders of the Secretary stockyards to become a packer under this bill. He may never of Agriculture, under the terms of this bill. If a packer, after lea\e home. slaughtering sheep, takes the wool from their backs and trans 1\It·. KENDRICK. As I read the bill, he will have to operate fers that wool to a woolen mill in which he or the stockholders \Yithin stockyards. ·of his plant have a controlling interest, the Secretary of Agri 1\Ir. WADSWORTH. Not a packer. The bill provides that- culture thereupon assumes jurisdiction over the woolen mill The term " packer " means any person engaged in the business of in all its methods and practices in making cloth. That is what slaughtering live -stock or preparing live-stock products for sale in co:m- the bill seeks to do. :merce. My amendment, changing .the definition of "live-stock It does not say anything about doing it in or near a stock products," would prevent that, and, in my humble judgment, yard. would leave the bill in just the shape which the Senator from l\lr. KENDRICK. The term "packer" is connected with the Wyoming would like to have it, in bTinging out the tr.uth about definition of stoch--yards, und a limitation is placed on that. the -transfer of thes.e items on the books of the packer himself 1\lr. WADSWORTH (reading): to his subsidiary concern engaged in the manufacturing busi The term " stockyard " means .any place, establishment, or facility ness. I think that is accomplished through the agency of maintained and conducted at or in connection with a public market section 16. and consisting of pens or other inclosures- Mr. KENDRICK. As I view it, the only question as to the And so forth. definition the Senator from New York wants to place in the But a packer does not have to operate in or near a stockyard 'bill .is as to how it WOl1ld affect products other than food in order to be a packer under this bill, and there are lots of products. J)acking companies whose plants are far removed from stock Mr. WADSWORTH. Yes. yards, hundreds of miles from a stockyard. 1 think the Senator Mr. KENDRICK. If the limit were placed as we have sug will have to admit that I am right on ·that, at least. gested, then it ought to be made certain and clear that there 1\Ir. KENDRICK. In any event, there is no difficulty ·about , could be no question about what that price, which included the changing any of the definitions that olliy provide for limitations. transfer, meant. Mr. W ADS\VOR~H. The Senator remembers what ·difficulty Mr. WADSWORTH. l\Ir. President, I was about to say tlmt I have experienced in changing definitions in the Committee on section_16 gives to the Secretary of Agriculture the very powers Agriculture and Forestry. that the Senator from Wyoming thinks he should hm-e. Sec l\Ir. KENDRICK. Yes; and I recall that the Senator from tion 1.6 reads : New York and the Senator from Wyoming were in accord as to Every operator and packer engaged in commerce shall keep such those descriptions. records and statements of account, and make such Teports or returns, Mr. WADSWORTH. We were. verified under oath or otherwise, as the commissioner shall require, as l\1r. KENDRICK There was an essential point, as I saw it, will f-ully and correctly disclose aU transactions involved in its business. in connection with these by-products that would prohibit the Let" us take, for example, a packer who slaughters an animal following up of a by-product to determine whether or not it was and takes the hide off. He owns or controls a tannery. He delivered to the second owner in good faith at the market price; transfers that pide from the account of his slaughtering and I insisted then, and insist now, that beyond that we are not establishment to the account of his tanning establishment. He vitally concerned in legislation. must do it at some figure shown in the accounts of his l\Ir. ·wADSWORTH. Yes; the Senator and I have ahvays slaughtering establishment. If the raw hide is worth, we agreed upon that, but unfortunately the bill does not follow our will say, 8 cents on the market the day that he transfers it to desires in that respect. It goes much further. his tanning subsidiary, the books of his slaughtering concern Now, I am going to mention the very thing which the Senato;t• will show a credit to his slaughtering concern for that hide at has just mentioned. l\fy amendment, which would strike out, the rate of 8 cents a pound, if he is honest in crediting his on line 9, the words" and owned or controlled by a packer," and slaughtering establishment with the real value of the hide. substitute the words "and used for food," has been attacked by The books of the slaughtering concern are open, under sec other members of the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry tion 16, to the examination of the Secretary of Agriculture, because, as they say, it would leave the big packers-and their and the packer must tell the Secretary of Agriculture all about . mind alw.ayz run to the big packers-free to juggle their the charges, credits, and debits carried on those books. That accounts and financial statements relating to the disposition of hide will show on the . books of the slaughtering concern. 2566 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 14, Another portion of the bill forbids the packer from indulging This bill attempts, so far as a statute can do it, to put the in any device calculated to deceive. You have him right there. stockyards under the regulation of the Federal Government, ap He can not make a fraudulent entry on his slaughterhouse parently upon the theory that the Federal G.overnment has books and get away with it, because it is forbidden as a de· the right, under the commerce clause, to regulate stockyards. ceptive practice by the bill which the Senator wants passed. What is a stochJ'nrd? Does the management of the stockyard All the -facts in the case as to this bookkeeping transfer are at buy or sell any animals? No. Does it deal in animals in any the disposal of the Secretary of Agriculture under section 16, way whatsoever? No. What does it do? The management of and he can prevent the deceptive practices of these transfers a stockyard merely erects sheds and pens in which other peo of by-products to subsidiary concerns, against which the Sena· ple's cattle are sheltered, and sells to the owners of those tor complains, and still avoid the regulation of the manufacture cattle the hay and grain to keep them alive while they are of fertilizer or of leather or shoes or woolen cloth or glue or there; that is all. buttons or brushes. The stockyard itself is not engaged in interstate commerce at I have contended all along that with section 16 in the bill, all. It only furnishes facilities which make it possible for which gives the Secretary of Agriculture the right to pre other people to engage in interstate commerce. Let us con· scribe the way the books shall be kept, and with that other sider the municipal market here in Washington. Farmers out provision in the bill, which forbids deceptive practices, the in Maryland and over in Virginia bring vegetables and fruit packer can not deceive ; he has to make honest entries in his in their wagons and trucks to that market. The market com books in relation to the transfer of these by-products to subsid pany or the municipality, as the case may be, furnishes space iary corporations. ~'he Senator has not agreed with me in that. under cover in which those articles may be sold to other people. Mr. KENDRICK. It is quite possible, Mr. President, from The market company furnishe · light and, if necessary to keep my viewpoint, that all the Senator· from New York has said certain articles from freezing in the wintertime, furnishes is true; and yet a question might arise that would require beat. It does nothing but furnish the facility for other people further information than would be provided under the defini· to do business. tion he proposes, and it would develop under the conditions That is ail the stockyard does. The stockyard does not brought about by the packers themselves through the volume ship any cattle in or out. The owner ships the cattle in of the business that they handled. For the large majority of and the buyer ships them out. The stockyard company has the hides that have been referred to as in their hands they might nothing to do with it. All it does is to put up sheds and pens, fix the general market price, and that in turn would fix the put in the watering troughs, put in the bedding to make the price of this by-product transferred to their subsidiary cor animals more comfortable, and furnish the hay and grain to porations or companies. Therein lies the only reason, from keep them alive while they are there. That is all they do. my viewpoint, that can be found for extending this authority l\fr. BURSUl\f. Do they not make a charge for that? to examine beyond the confines of the packing houses them- l\fr. WADSWORTH. Of course they make a charge for the selves. - facilities which they supply, but it is not a charge for any l\lr. \V ADSWORTH. That leads the Senator to another transaction in interstate commerce at all. How anyone can conclusion. He has given the inference that the packers, contend that a stockyard company is engaged in interRtate com· through the handling of such a large number of hides, can merce and therefore subject -to regulation by the Federal Gov· control the market price of hides, and, that being so, t11at ernment under the interstate commerce clause of the Constitu· they can still carry on these deceptive practices unless the tion passes my comprehension. definition of the term "live-stock products" remains as it is, l\lr: KENDRICK. l\fr. President-- and the Secretary of Agriculture remains in posse sion of jurjs 1\Ir. WADSWORTH. The Supreme Court has held, I believe, d.iction over the tann~ry itself. If that is the reason, the only that a stockyard is not engaged in interstate commerce. I yield cure for it is to fix the price of hides. to the Senator fmm ·wyoming. Mr. KENDRICK. Not at all. ~ 1\fr. KENDRICK. Will the Senator permit me to read tlte l\lr. 'V ADS\VORTH. '!'hat is where the Senator's argument decision of .Judge Stafford on that question of stockyard ? leads him. He assumes that .the packers control the market 1\fr. WADSWORTH. Yes. '!'hat is one decision, but that is price of hides, and that through that control they can indulge not a decision of the Supreme Court. in these deceptive practices, unless the Government takes Mr. KENDRICK. It reads as follows: control over the tannery itself. The nature of the busine. s carried on by a stockyards company llas l\lr. KENDRICK. It would not be nece sary, l\lr. President, been so often considered by the courts, among others by the Supreme in my judgment, for the Government to control the tannery, but Court of the United States, that it is hardly open to question that ucll companies are engaged to some extent, at least, in intet·state commerce, it might be necessary for them to follow the product one and the defendants, the Armom· and Swift groups, so treated the matter remove further, to determine as to whether or not the packers in their brief. That the holding of such stock by the packing-bouse did fix the market prices of hides, as well as naming tlle price companies in the stockyards company falls within the purview of the antitrust law was apparently the yiew taken by the defendants when of their own products, which they transferred on their books to they consented to. a decree perpetually enjoining them from continuing these subsidiary companies. The information derived by the to bold such stock, and that now appears to the court to be the correct investigation of one other company might develop infOI:mation view. whiCh could not be bad under the system that is provided llere. Mr. W ADS\VORTH. 'rha t decision, I assume, did not go to I am not insisting that that definiti0n ought to be as broad as the Supreme Court, because it bas to do with a decree entered that. I believe, however, tllut that kind of an emergency into by agreement bet\veen certain of the packers and the might arise. Attorney General, has it not?_ l\lr. 'VADSWORTH. I can not conceive, l\fr. President, how l\lr. KENDRICK. I believe so. such a thing c~uld happen under the amendment offered by me. - Mr. WADS WORTH. The Supreme Court of the United May I remind the Senator that the amendment I have offered States has held that stockyards are not engaged in interstate at least has this virtue, that it makes it perfectly clear that the commerce. Looking at it from the common sense viewpo:nt, retail butcher does not fall within the regulations of the Sec what do they do that is inter tate commerce? retary of Agriculture, because it would be confined to those l\fr. KENDRICK They handle the products that are in persons who are manufacturing or producing live-stock prod Yolved in interstate commerce, as the Senator know , by the uct u ed for food in interstate commerce? millior.s of dollars worth every day. They are in reality a l\Ir. KENDRICK. 1\fay I ask the Senator from New Yark necessary link in the movement of those products. if he will bave that amendment read? 1\fr. 'VADSWORTH. Then let us draw an analogy with it: 1\Ir. WADSWORTH. 1 shall. It is on page 3, line 9, to Does the Senator believe that hotels are engaged in interstate sh·ike out the words "and owned or controlled by a packer" commerce? and to substitute the words "and used for food." So that the l\fr. KENDRICK. Whether they are or not they ought to be term "live-stock products" will be defined to mean "all prod regulated in price. ucts and by-products of the slaughtering and meat-packing in Mr. \VADSWORTH. That is scarcely the answer. All the dustry deriYecl from lh-e tock and used for food." stockyard company does is to provide a hotel for animals. 1\Ir. KE~DRICK. That was the amendment considered in That is all. It provides shelter, food, water, and bedding, tlle the subcommittee? same as hotels do for people, although it has been alleged some l\Ir. WADSWORTH. It is; the subcommittee adopted it, and of them do not even do that. If the stockyard falls within the the full committee turned it down later on. jurisdiction of the Federal Government on the ground that l\fr. President, I had not expected to take so much time, and stockyards are engaged in interstate commerce, then every yet there are two other featur~s -of the bill I wanted to discuss, hotel in the United States does likewise. Wha:t does a hotel do? _ and I know I am not going to get the agreement of the friends All it does is to provide food and shelter and a place to rest of the measure, at least in the observations I shall make upon fpr people moving between the State . The Willard Hotel the first one. - here in Washington, if the Senator's contention is correct, is 1921. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 2567 engaged in interstate commerce, because, forsooth, people com owners. It is the owners who are engaged in interstate com ing from the State of New York to Washington and crossing merce and not the stockyard. State lines rent a room in that hotel. 1\Ir. GOODING. It is the commission men who follow the live Mr. KENDRICK. The Senator from New York is quite cor stock. rect in that view provided be considers people properly defined Mr. WADSWORTH. Well, the commission men are different as products. from the stockyard owners. Mr. WADSWORTH. People bring clothing with them in Mr. GOODING. To some extent. They have rented the their trunks. Is the baggage of a person who comes from the stockyards and they have the right to use the yards, so in a State of New York and stops at the New Willard Hotel, in sense they are the owners in that respect. Washington, interstate commerce? Certainly that baggage Mr. WADSWORTH. Oh, no. passes in interstate commerce. The trunk is taken into a room Mr. GOODING. They rent them, they rent their offices, they rented by the traveler in the New Willard Hotel. Does that rent space in the yards, and they handle the live stock there; make the proprietor of the New 'Villard Hotel an agent in inter Mr. WADSWORTH. They rent faciliti~ s just as you and I state commerce? rent a room in a hotel. If we move to another hotel in another Mr. KENDRICK. The Senator understands very well that city that does not put the hotel it~::: lf in the interstate commerce he is really making fun of the legislation at this point, I think. business. Mr. WADSWORTH. No; I am challenging the right of Mr. GOODING. I am not clear as to the point the Senator is Congress-- trying to make in this matter. Should the stockyards be Mr. KENDRICK. He understands very well that nothing eliminated from Federal control? moving across State lines is substantially in interstate com Mr. WADSWORTH. They should. merce unless it is moving for the purpose of sale and transfer. Mr. GOODING. I know if the Senator had his way he would Mr. WADSWORTH. Very well. Traveling salesmen travel eliminate the measure entirely. from one hotel to another with their trunks full of goods to Mr. WADSWORTH. The Senator from New York has a sell, and in hundreds and in fact in thousands of hotels there right to his convictions in the matter. I have challenged the is a room set aside by the hotel manage.IQ.ent in which they can right of Congress to regulate a thing which is not engaged in display their goods, and in which they make sales of their interstate commerce, and which the Supreme Court of the United goods. Does that thing put the manager or proprietor of the States has said is not engaged in interstate commerce. hotel itself into interstate commerce? That is just what hap Mr. GOODING. It is an instrumentality, however, that must pens in the stockyards. I am not making fun of the legisla be used in conducting the handling of live stock, and just as tion. I am challenging the right of the Federal Government essential as the packing house itself to insure an intelligent and to regulate a thing which is not engaged in interstate com proper movement of live stock. However, regardless of all that, merce. it is a part of a great industry of the country which the people Mr. NORRIS. Mr. President-- believe ought to be regulated. 1\Ir. WADSWORTH. I yield to the Senator from Nebraska. Mr. KENDRICK. Is it not true, if the Senator will allow Mr. NORRIS. Does the Senator contend that the Federal a further interruption, that the Supreme Court has rendered a Government would not have a right to regulate a depot of a decision that favored the view that it is a public utility? railroad in interstate commerce? l\1r. WADSWORTH. Yes; a public utility, and that is very Mi·. WADSWORTH. To regulate depots? different. But the Congress has not the authority under the Mr. NORRIS. Would it not be one of the provinces for them Constitution to regulate public utilities just because they are public utilities. It has the authority to regulate them only be to provide that there must be depots and how they must be cause they are engaged in interstate commerce. The State of cared for, and so forth? · illinois certainly, in my view, unless I am mistaken about the Mr. 'VADSWORTH. Yes. The depot is owned by the rail provisions of the coristitution of that State, has the right to .road and is the property of the railroad and is a part of the declare the Chicago stockyards a public utility and to regulate machinery used by the railroad in the conduct of interstate them. The State of Colorado- commerce. Mr. KENDRICK. If they are public utilities in this particu Mr. NORRIS. Would it be any different if the raill·oad com lar, why do they not become instruments in the movement of pany rented a building for the depot, as they do in some interstate commerce? places? Mr. 'VADSWORTH. I do not think that the Constitution Mr. WADSWORTH. No; I think not. It is a part of their goes to the extent of stating that anything that is an instru system of transportation.. . ment used in any way in or as a facility for expediting inter~ Mr. NORRIS. It seems to me, if the Senator will permit me state commerce falls within the regulatory power of the Federal to interject a further remark, that a stockyard can be com Government. It is the commerce itself. pared to a depot better than to anything else. I will say to Mr. KENDRICK. That is exactly the view, as I understand the Senator that while the bill does not provide for it, I nave it, expressed in the decision of Judge Stafford, to which I have always contended that a railroad company ought to own the referred. stockyards, the same as it does its depot. Mr. WADSWORTH. I know, but Judge Stafford is not the :Mr. WADSWORTH. It will be a sorry day for the cattleman Supreme Court. I have the greatest respect, of course, for the if that ever happens. opinion of Judge Stafford, and it takes a good deal of temerity Mr. NORRIS. I think it would be a good day if we had it on my part to discuss a legal question, but I think the Senatot• right now. It seems to me that is the logical thing. If they from Wyoming can not deny that if a stockyard company is ought to own the depot, they ought to own the stockyards. subject to the regulatory power of the Federal Government on Mr. WADSWORTH. I do not think a stockyard is analogous the ground that it is taking part or is engaged in interstate to a depot. commerce, then the hotel company is likewise ~ubject to that Mr. GOODING. Mr. President, I should like to call the Sen power. They are on an exact parity. Will any Senator rise ator's attention to the fact that it is a practice of daily occur in his place in the Senate and contend that we have the right rence for one stockyard to transfer stock to another stockyard to regulate hotels all over the United States? That is the in the country. logical conclusion, and there can be no doubt about it. Mr. WADSWORTH. Does the stockyard company do it? Mr. GOODING. Does the Senator say that Congress has not Mr. GOODING. Those who are operating in the yard do it. the power to regulate hotels? Mr. 'VADSWORTH. That is different. Mr. WADSWORTH. I do. The owner of a hotel is not en Mr. GOODING. Men who have agents who have commissions gaged in interstate commerce. to handle there do it. Mr. GOODING. That is a pretty fine question. There is Mr. 'VADSWOHTH. That is diffE!rent. That is not the stock some question about that, and it is a pretty fine distinction. I yard company. am not so sure that the Senator is correct. I know there is Mr. GOODING. It is a part of the instrumentality that is a wide difference between the use of a stockyard and the use of used in the handling of live stock. a hotel, because all stockyards are rented for one and the same l\lr. WADSWORTH. Oh, no. purpose, and that is for the holding and keeping of live stock, Mr. GOODING. · Yes; it must be considered with all the and they transfer them from one part of the country to another. rest of it. Mr. WADSWORTH. That is just what hotels are for. l\1r. WADSWORTH. No; it is not the same thing at alL It Mr. GOOODING. Hotels do not transfer from one part of is perfectly true, as the Senator said, that cattle are occasion the country to another. ally shipped from one stockyard to another, but they are not Mr. WADSWDRTH. Neither do the stockyards. It is only shipped by the stockyard company. They are shipped by their the owners of the cattle do that. LXI--162 2568 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. JUNE 14, Mr. GOODING. But the men who rent the stockyards, who in the Hopkins ease, as I reconect, thn.t stockyards or live-stock rent the space and who transact their business, do it, and that exchanges of themselTes are :1ot en~aged in interstate commerce. is the same -thing. · 1\Ir. CARA'V AY. 1\lay I ask tbe Senator a question? l\lr. WADS WORTH. That corresponds exactly to the Senator l'rlr. WADSW.ORTH. I yield. • and myself when we go to a hotel and rent a room. Mr. CARAW_<\.Y. The idea ·which tbe SenatoT advances is l\Ir. GOODING. Not at all. I leave the botel of my o-wn that the ownership of a stockyard is what takes it out of inter- free will to go wbeTever I please. I am not -sbiiJped over the state commerce? · country by somebody's orders at all. Mr. W A.DSWORTH. Yes; entirely out of it. l\Ir. KENYON. 1\Ir. President, I have not heard tne Senator's Mr. CARAWAY. Is that really the case? Where a railroad entire discussion of that question, bu.t I know how he feels about lea~es a bridge . or Tents the pri'li1ege of cTossing a bridge it, as we have talked about it privately. Has the Senator 1·c~ wb1ch spans a r:rve1·, -would it be the Senator's idea that that ferred to the case of Swift & ·co. against the United States? bridge was not an instrumentality of interstate commerce 'be M.r. WADSWORTH. I have ·not referred to that case. cause the railroad company did not own it? Mr. KENYON. Tn that .case, reported in Dne hundred and ~1r. WADSWORTH. I would say that the owners of ·the ninet)'-sixth United States, 'Page 375, is a -partial discussion of bndge were not to be regulated, ·but that the railroad 1s to 'be this question. I think it is fair to say that in that case the regulated, and the bridge tor the pur.pose of :regulation is a court mes this language: portion of the system of fhe rnilroad. When cattle are sent for sale from ..a ,place in one State with the ex 1\ir. CA.RA WAY. But the use made of the bridae would be pectation that they wilL end .their transit after purchase in another a .matter of interstate commerce, wOUld it not? ~ State, and when in effect they do 'SO, with .only -the interruption .neces s:tty rto find a purchaser at the stockyards, and when tbis :is a cunstantly Mr. WADSWORTH. Yes. recurring course, it constitutes interstnt~ cDilllller.ce, and the purchas.e of Mr. CARA.W.A.Y. '.rhat is all the pending bill seek--s to do. the cattle is an incident of such commer.ce. It .seeks to :regulate tthe use that is made of the stDCh-yru.·cl and The -supreme Court llas .goae L> that e-xtent, holding that the the transactions w.hi~h crCCllr there, because tbe ·stackyard is commerce -itself is interstate commerce, .and itha.t the -sale of the an 1instrnmentality of interstate commerce. cattle an 'the State to the _pm:cllaser is merely an incident of l\Ir. W ADSW:ORTH. I can not agree wit11 the Senator. commerce. 1\fi'. 'CARAWAY. The Senator sees it di'fferent]S? Mr. WADSWORTH.. 'There -is no douBt about that, as to the .1\ih~ WADSWORTH_ We ihave .argued it back and fe!t.rth sale of the--cattle. now so long ·that !I do not want to take the time &f the Senate M.r . .KENTGN~ ¥es, that is cartie.d -on in the ·stocky.a.z:ds. I much longer. grant rthat it is .a -v.ery physically impossible for either one Stat-e or the· other to It shall also set aside such portion of the facilities. of its regulate. it without the other State interfering. business, as determined by the commissioner, as may reason: Mr. \VADSWOUTH. Mr. President, of course we can think ably be necessary to accommodate small shippers and local of most extraordinary cases, sueh, as that just described by patrons. It is its. duty to impose on them only such charge the Senato~ from Wyoming; but, without meaning any dis and rates- as al·e reasonable for the- service or facility afforded. courtesy to the Senator from Minnesota, I do not think the It is its duty to exercise p£oner care of the liT"e stock, in accord· case which he.. cites- bears upon· this situation. The. right of. ance with the regulations of the commissioner, of course; to the State of 1\11nnesota. to regulate that public storehouse o:c maintain sanitary conditions, to refrain from unfairly dis public market, or whatever it was, was. sustained by the criminatory or deceptive practices, to keep complete and accu Supreme Ca-urt; and all the States, or nearly all the States, rate accounts and records- of. its business; and otllerwise to haTe asserted and exercised: similar rights. I imagine that conduct its business in such manner as may be pre cribed in the State of Illinois, if it wants to, can regulate the Chicago rules} regulations, and orders issued under this section by the stockyards. Probably the- legislature could declare. them a commissioner with the approval of the Se:cretar~t public utility, a public market, subject to the- sovereign power I ask the friends .of that title: ll~w many municipalities in o:fl the State of illinois, in accordance with the old.-time-prin the United States do you think are going to put themselres un ciples of the English common Law cited by the- Senator from der the heel· of the Secretary; of Agriculture? 'Ve are informed 1\.finne ota, but the Federal G0vernment is vested with power thiS is to encourage municipal abattoirs, and do you think there over only those concerns ot· persons engaged in inte£State com is a city in the Uniteoes. it not remo'e- every objection? slaughternouses or public J21:0eessing establislunents open to. tbe M"r. WADS WORTH. No ;· it does not, Mr. President. I do use of the public, placed at the seJ:vtce of the public. The not say that this thing is epoch making. Senator from Nebraska ha& stated that this: has been. inserted Mr. NORRIS. Tile Senator has asked th.e que ·tion,. and ~ in the bill with the- ho.pe· that it will encour.age mnnicipalities say-that that snbject has- not been debated much by the friend·· to erect public slaughterhouses_ to which. farmers in the- adJoin o:f the measure. E\erybody "Who is supporting the Senate bili ing country. may b.ting their cattle,. sheep, and hogs, have tb.em kn-ows that tllis particular title- is an e::KJ}eriment. slaughtered for a_charge fu::ed by the Secretary of Agriculture, 1\:Ir. WAllSWORTH~ Yes. and have the meat prQducts' and.. by-pr.odncts, sold m· disposed of. Mr. NORRIS ~ We feel that since it is voluntru:y, there being: They are, as I understand, to be in a sense a publie convenience. no compulsion. about it whate-ver,. it_ can not hurt anybody. Ir: No\Y, the whole thing is volU.Iltary. If a cit31 or a cm:poration coukl. be stricken. out and the balance of the bill not affected. desires to make this e.A""Periment of putting up a public slaugh It: does not aftect the regulation of the packers :tn., any way. terhouse, the Government, uuder Title V, invites. tbat city or Mr. WADSWORTH. I have so stat-ed. corporation to take out a license or to register with the Secre 1\fr. NORRIS. It was put in, in the first place, because it cau. tary of Agriculture. If the city or the corporation registers not- possibl~ hurt anyone. If it· is neYer utilized by anyone. und'Cr the provisions of Title- V, the-n the- Secreta:~:-y of. Agvi nobody will be hurt.. But those who faTor it claim that in cultrn·e assumes complete regulfl.tory power over tbis public E11rope, for instance, the.te are a great man:r muoicipal slaugh lri.ughterhouse. He fixes all its charges. He regulates its terhouses and abattoirs, sometimes run. by the municipality, sanitary conditions. He-regulates how· it sha-ll divide the prem sometimes b~ individuals, as this provides may be done, or a ises so that A may ha\e this space in which to bring his cattle corporation, it may be big-spirited men who want to establish and B may have this spa~e. and C arnother space; Under this something of that kind. If :ro.u pu.t o:o.e Lnto operation in a city title, once the munidpality has registered under its. p1:ovisions, . that is large enough to maintaio. it,_it comes pretty near taking the Secretary of Agriculture takes complete control. He regu awaJy an the. commiss-ion& o1~ profits between the producer of late it from top to bottom. meat and the. consumer of it. So that it seems to me wha.tever I invite Senators to read ·orne of the things which occnL' in might be said about a city ever doing it, it does not make any Title V. difference whether they do, it or not; they do not have to. But The oommissioneJ_- may pass upon the location, character, and if they do, accept, if the~ do-want to_ come in undet~ it volun· extent of the grounds, buildings, and other facilities,. the :fi.J.:lan. tarily, then it must follow, it seems to me, that we must provide cial resources, the- credit, and the standing of the applicant. that they must submit to the regulations provided for it. Other Then, under the registration agreement, he has charge_ of the wise, we would haTe insanita.I.'Y and dishonest manipulation, rules and regulations and the-orders made applicable to it, aud which we want to avoid. the registrant must pr.ovide and malntain, or secure when n.ec Mr. KENDRICK. Ml:. President, I am sn:re the· Senator from essa ry, adequate railroad connections. It must frn'Ilish the· Nebraska did not intend to misquote. the Senator from New 13en·ices and facilities of its business on fair and reasonal>le . York in his. argument before the Committee on Agriculture. 1\.I,y terms and. without unjust discrim.i:nation t@ persons applying_ recollection of the Senator's contention is that he said if one for them. municipality built a slaughterhouse under the provisions of this 1921. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD·-SENAT.El act the benefits would be so great that all l}rivate packing con~ 'What would. happen· with private coneerns, I do not know; cer~s would. find it necessary to come in under this. it i"S· haTd' to say. But let us see how thi-s· sounds when put l\Ir. wADSWORTH. Mr. President, the Senator has an in.. upon the statute bo0ks of the United States. accurate recollection of what I said. I was very mu:ch opposed Such certificates- to this matter of control until it was made perfectly clear that That is, the certificates of registration- these could be nothing more than public service agencies or shall be accepted in the courts of the United States and of the States facilities; that is all. · aS' prima facie evidence of the quality, quantity, or condition at the Mr. GOODING. Mr. President-- time and place of inspection of the live stock, live-stock p~oducts, or The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from New. peris~ble foo~tufl's cov:red there~y. ·~ * * York yield to the Senator from Idaho1 . Any ce])tificate of r-egistration issued under this section may "Be sus- 1.\Ir. W .ADS WORTH. I yield. · pended or revoked by the commissioner for any violation of this section l\fr. GOODING. Mr. £resident, I can not consider legisla- ! or of any rule, regulation, or order issued hereunder, under such tion from the point of vi~w that the Secretary of Agriculture , procedure as the- commis~ioner may prescribe. is not going to be fair, and that he is not going to be honest I He can destroy the proper~y by any method or procedure he and just in his regulations, and in all things. :chooses.. To have such a thing put upon the statute books of We have to consider, in passing legislation, that those who. ; the United States, even in its tentative form, is abhorrent to are going to administer the laws are going to be fair and me. His mere say-so can close the plant, and there is no honest and just. If they are not, then the Government is· a . method of appeal. The registrant becomes a sla.ve of the Gov failure, and I am supporting this bill because I believe the e1•nment, compelled to do everything that the Government says present SeCl·etary of Agriculture is fair, is honest, is just, and lie must do, the prices he shall charge, the manner of running that we have never had a Secretary of Agriculture who has, , th-e business. not been fair and just and honest, and I do not think we ever All of the methods, practiees, and devices-everything-must will have one; I hope not, at least. · be- done just as the Government says, or it must perish. I do Mr. W .ADSWORTH. I can subscribe to e\erything the not like that kind of thing on the statute books. ·Senator has said, but what it has to do with this particular 11 It may be, as the Senator from Utah has said, that some pl'i discussion, so far as I have carried it, I do not know. I have I vate individuals will put their necks in that noose. I doubt it, not said the Secretary of Agriculture could not be trusted. unless the Government, having gott.en a few of them to do it, l\fr. GOODING. No; but the Senator did say something can give them such advantage for the time being over their about , every community being put under the heeL of the competitors who have not registered as· to induce more to come Secretary. in, and finally to get everybody in. I think cities will not do Mr. WADSWORTH. Yes; I used that expression. 1 it. It may be, however, that one or two or three corporations Mr. GOODING. I understand "under the heel" means to may be tempted to <;.orne in and submit, on the theory that the be ground down. prestige which· they wil1 enjoy, due to the Government's back- 1\fr. W .A.DSWORTH. We will change that, then, and say ing, and the fact that the certificate is prima facie evidence " under the control " of the SecretaJ.·y. The Senator will not that the goods are class A, the finest in the world, which they deny that. can put en their letterheads- and in all their advertising· litera- 1\Ir. GOODIJ'\G. I quite agree. · ture, on that theory some few may come in; and· in time 1\fr. KING. 1\fr. President, will the Senator permit._ an in- bring others iQ., owing to the competition. But for myself, I quiry? dread opening the door to such a practice as that. It is pater- l\fr. \V .ADS WORTH. Certainly. nalism, Senators, gone wild. There is no limit if we once 1\Ir. KING. I apologize for interrupting the Senator, and establish it as a policy that the Government stands ready to my inquiry may not be pertinent to the discussion in which the do it if it gets the ehance. And that is what this Title V Senator has just been participating. I am advised that this bill means. 11ermits the Federal Government, by the consent of the munici- Mr. DIAL obtained the floor. palities and political subdivisions of States, to enter into States Mr. TRA.M:MJDLL. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a' and to control the packing plants, yards, and so forth, that are quorum. purely intrastate in character. Where is there any justiftca- The VICE PRESIDENT. '.Illie Secretary will cali the roll. tion, I ask the Senator, for the Federal Government assuming The principal legislative clerk called tile ron., aml the follow- control, e\en with the consent of the owner, of concerns that ing Senators answered to their names: are engaged in purely intrastate business? Capper Jones, N.Mex. McNary Smith Is not such a provision, if that is the p.rovision of the bill, Cal'away Jones, Wash. NelSon 8moot n sort of a bait for municipalities and State political subdi ~ummins Kendrick N.ew Sutherland visions to put their heads into the noose prepared by the Fed Curtis Kenyon Norris Swanson Dial King Oddie T~·a mmell eral Government, hoping that in the end, while it may be a Gooding La.dd O>ermnn Unclerwood voluntary placing of their heads in the noose, ultimately it will Harris Lodge Phipps W.adsw;,rth Har:tison McCormick Poindexter Watson, Ga.. ripen into a prescriptive right, and the Federal Government Eiefiin McKellar Sheppard· Williams may CDmpel recalcitrant municipalities, or attempt to compel Johnson McKinley Simmons Wolcott recalcitrant municipalities, to perform the like act of suicide? The VICE PRESIDENT. Forty Senators haYing answered to Is it not a scheme, in that provision of the bill, to project tlie their names, a quorum is not present. The Secretary will call Federal Government into the affairs of the States, hoping that the roll of absentees. · some municipalities, by the allurements whieh will be held out, The reading clerk called the names of the absent Senators, will submit to Federal regulation, and after that has been and Mr. BA!LL, l\lr. BURsmr, :Mr. CALDER, 1\'Ir. FERNALD, )lr. done that it will be used as a basis for attempted compulsory l\JcCUMBER, Mr. NICHOLSON, and :llr. STERLING answered to national legislation to force all municipalities and; all political their names when called. subdivisions and all privately controlled ente1·p:dses engaged in The VICE PRESIDENT. Forty-seven Senato1·s having an the stockyu.rds business dl· in the packing business to submit to swered to their names, a quorum is not present. Federal control? Mr. NORRIS. I moYe that tile Sergeant at Arms be directed M:r. W .A.DSWORTH. Mr. President, with much that the to :r:eJIUest the attendance of absent Senators. Senator says I am in agreement; but I think he describes this The motion was agreed to. particular Title V in terms too broad. It would apply only to The VICE PRESIDENT. The Sergeant at Arms will execute public slaughterhouses whose patrons are engaged in interstate the order of the Senate. commerce. Mr. ERNST, Mr. LENROOT, and l\lr. H.A.nnELn entered· the Cham But my objection to. it basically is on account of the paternal ber and answered to their names. ism inherent in it. I think nothing equaling it has ever been The VIDE ·PRESIDENT. Fifty Senators having answered to proposed. I know it is made Yolnntary only; but, neverthe their names, a quorum is present. less, there it is to stand on the statute books of the United. Mr. NORRIS. I move that further proceedings under the States as an expression of the hope of the Congress that call be dispensed with. people will submit to this paternalism, inviting cities.,. corpora The motion was agreed to. tions, and persons to come to Uncle Sam and take out a license, and enjoy, while they arc doing business under the license, the SALE AND DELIVERY OF COTTON. prestige that goes with it. Mind you, I do not thiiik a. city Mr. DIAL. Mr. President, unless solll.'e Senate:TI cares to dis would do it. cuss the_. packers bill, I desire to take a few moments on an I do not thihk the mayor and the board. of aldermen would amendment which! I have to the p1·esent cotton futures contra-ct ever consent to submit te the control of the Secretary. of Agri law. culture in the conduct of their own business, a business built I realize that it is getting late, and I am not going to do like and paid for by the city. the little boy said some. time ago. .A. gentleman was making a> 2572 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE. JUNE lJJ speech in a -Itall and his friend was sitting in his automobile on farmer came into my office-! am interested in a little bank the outside, expecting to carry the speaker home with him. and he said: " I have sold my cotton, and I want to pay the The friend got very impatient; he waited and waited and note that I owe the bank." - "All right, my friend; sit down. waited, and at last the little boy slipped out of the back door What did you get for your cotton? Why did you not bring in a and carne around to the front, and this gentleman in the auto-: check?" "I did not sell my cotton .here; I sold it np at the mobile said: "Say, Bud, is that man in there through speak· cotton mill." "All right. What did you get for it?" "I got ing?" The boy said: "Gee, yes, Mister; he's through, but he 20! cents a pound. The wagon just ahead of me got 21 cents won't quit." [Laughter.] a pound. I drove my mules around and fed them, and the next I realize that it is getting late, ·and I am going to quit afte.r wagon that came up only got 20 cents a pound." a little while. There was that cotton fluctuating 1 cent a pound, $5 a bale, in I desire to amend the present future-contract cotton law. the space of an hour, or less than an hour. Now, we know and Under that law the seller of a contract has the right to deliver you know that the intrinsic value of the_cotton did not vary $5 all of the quantity in any grade he may see fit. Under the a bale in less than an hour. No reason had occurred. It was Jaw these contracts have to be delivered out of 10 grades. The simply the future-contract market coming in. We get it down seller has the entire option of delivering all of the quantity there in those small towns every 20 minutes; so, the contract in 1 grade or he may mix them up over the 10 grades, as market coming in and declining, the price of spot cotton de he sees proper. The purchaser has no right except to sell out clined with it. his contract or to sit still and accept whatever grades are tendered him. To my mind, that is absolutely unjust. It is The next morning I told my secretary : ~' Go down to the ware one--sided. It is not fair. It is not honest. I am here not house and sell my cotton. It looks like there is no bottom to it." asking for any appropriation, I am not asking to regulate He came back directly, and he said: "They will not bid on your anybody, I am not asking to abolish the exchanges, I merely cotton." I said: "What is the trouble?" He said tile market want to correct this unjust, one-sided law. To my mind, this had not come in from New York. I knew the buyers would not bid until the market came in, but I did not realize that it was law always has been wrong. HoweYer, it is somewhat of a quite that early in the day. new law. It was only about 1914, I believe, when it came into existence. So, Senators, I am not going into numerous cases, but I 1\Ir. Sl\IOOT. l\Ir. President, will the Senator yield? give you these two concrete cases showing how a farmer has to l\Ir. DIAL. Yes. sell his cotton governed by the future market. That is where Mr. Sl\IOOT. I thought we passed a law correcting the ~vil, I think a great wrong is done our people; and in speaking of if it is an evil, just cited by the Senator. For days it was our people I want to ~ay tWs, Senators: It is not a sectional discussed here on the floor of the Senate, and the Senator's col question. It is not a ft>cal question. The price of cotton affects -league {l\Ir. SMITH], as I remember, had a bill passed, and every man in the United States, and you gentlemen are inter I think it passed the House-l am not pbsitive, though-cor ested in that-not, perhaps, to the extent that we are, but to a recting the very evil of which the Senator speaks. Did it fall great extent. Over half of the cotton that we raise is exported in the House? to other countries. Those people buy it cheaper, and they de l\Ir. DIAL. No ; the bill to which the Senator has reference prive this country of that much wealt~. We export great quan passed the House. tities to England, France, Italy, Germany, Japan, and ot11er Mr. Sl\IOOT. Did not that correct the evils that were com- countries. plained of? - Mr. BRANDEGEE. Mr. President- I\Ir. DIAL. It helped correct the evils, but it did not go quite Mr. DIAL. I yield. far enough. Originally there were 32 grades of cotton tender Mr. BRA.NDEGEE. Does the Senator claim that the fact thnt able on a contract. Later they were reduced to 20 grades; and the contract market, as he calls it, or the returns from the later, as I understand the law to which the Senator has refer speculative market, control the price of the spot cotton ns he ence, advocated by my colleague, that law passed, and it reduced indicated, has anything to do with the provision of his amend the tenderable grades down to 10. To my mind that improved ment which would allow the purchaser to select the particular the law wonderfully, and my colleague is entitled to the credit grades which are to be delivered? and the commendation of the people not only in the South but Ur. DIAL. A great deal to do with it. the whole United States. That helped some. It helped consid Mr. BRANDEGEE. I do not see the connection. erably. Mr. DIAL. All right. I will try to come to that point, but 1 Last year we passed a measure through the Senate, advocated want to lay down these general principles. by Senator Comer, known as the Comer amendment. The Comer Answering the Senator's question, here is the way it affects amendment was driving at the sam·e purpose and object that I it : I am glad to be interrupted, as this is more of a confeL· am driving at, but I tried to get the Senator to amend his amend ence than it is a speech. 'Ve are all interested in it. I haYe ment. I had great deference in speaking to him, because he is a the most absolute confidence in the fairness and the honesty very successful man, one of the largest farmers in the Sottth, of the Senate and of the Congress of the United States. I and a business man of 50 years' experience. I do not claim to believe all that is necessary· is to get your proposition fairly be an expert, like Senator Comer, but he was driving in the before them, and if it has .merit they will act accordingly. right direction. In Senator Comer's amendment he sought to Answering the Senator's question, here is the way it works: let the purchaser of the contract select half of the quantity of The cotton crop is gathered in practically four months of the the contract in middling and above. _ year. The world knows that the farmer has to put his cotton It ought not to be that the seller has the right to select all on the market rapidly, because it is grown by a very poor class the quantity. It ought not to be the right of the purchaser to of people in a great measure. Half of the cotton in the South select all of the quantity. I am seeking to let each party to is grown by the colored population. A great many of those, the contract select 50 per cent of that contract. perhaps nearly ~ll of those, and a great many of the white Senators, it is a complicated proposition. There are 10 people give liens or mortgages on their crops. In other words, grade· of cotton dealt in as one article, as it were. Now, let they get advances on the crop before tltey make the crop. Now, u not confuse the issue. Of course, between those 10 grades those papers mature in the fall months. They begin to mature there is a graduated schedule of prices, so that you would not in my section of the country about the 1st of October, and be haYe to pay as much for one grade as for another grade. That tween that and Christmas they have to meet those obligations. is regulated by the -price. I have no complaint to make of that. Those producers owe the local merchant 'or the local bank ; the In fact, I want to eliminate all of the unimportant matters that local merchant owes the local bank, and the local bank bas dis I 110ssibly can; so, therefore, do not think that if a man tenders counted the paper elsewhere, and they want to meet their ohj.i you one grade you have to pay the same that you would for gations. Therefore the world knows that the cotton has to be another. If you get aboYe middling, you pay a premium ; if put on the market in a short space of time. The farmer is they tender you below middling, you get a discount. Therefore selling his cotton. He is supplying the legitimate demand. The ~- ou are not hurt in that transaction on that particular ground. speculator, knowing the condition of our country, sells cotton Now, Senators, I want to lay down this proposition to you: short. According to my way of thinking, the price of the spot market Now, the millman comes in and hedges; he makes what they is governed by the contract market. I do not think there is call a hedge, and that is where they say the exchange comes in. any doubt about that. I do not think I need argue that, cer The millman, having bought his hedge, when the maturity of tainly with the southern Senators; but possibly you . other Ws contract arrives, knowing that he has no option under the Senators who are not as familiar with cotton as the southern contract, that he is compelled to take whatever class of cotton Senators are might question that. I want to prove it to you by is tendered him within the 10 grades, will sell out his contract. a concrete cnse, and I shall be brief on it. He will not stand up and demand delivery of the cotton. Now, I was at home on election day-we all remember election right in there is where I see, in answer to the Senator's question, day, of course; some for different reasons. The next day a the great injustice of the present law. 1921. - . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SE ATE. 2573 Assume that a mill president gets an offer for all the goods l\Ir. BRANDEGEE. 'l'hen the Senator's claim is that the he can make for six months. Assume that he uses a thousand millmafi, who has the contract ·for the thousand bales of cotton, bales of cotton a month. He talks to his superintendent and sell:S out a part of hls contract because he fears he can not get uecides to accept the offer. They do not know what the price the right kind of cotton under it when the time for delivery of cotton is going to be two, three, four, or six months ahead, so comes? they hedge. They wire to New York, to John Jones, to buy l\Ir. DIAL. Absolutely, yes. His mill is r.igged up to spin 6,000 bales of cotton, delivered in the next six months at the one grade of cotton, and· if he sits down and waits until the rate of 1,000 bales of cotton monthly. Of course, they have the seller tenders him the cotton, he may tender him a grade of cot financial arrangements made. They buy that cotton. Now, that ton that he Qould not use in his mill. is a hedge. Mr. BRANDEGEE. So that, when he has this contract, it The way it operates is this: The manufacturer then thinks may be filled in inferior kinds of cotton, unsuitaole for hi.s mill? he is all right ; he has sold his goods and he has bought his MT. DIAL. Unsuitable fo1· his mill and his goods. contracts. The contract ought to represent the -actual cotton Mr. BRANDEGEE. And he is still in a dangerous position? if called for. I want to eliminate speculation as much as 1\Ir. DIAL. Absolutely. possible. I want that contract to represent something. 1\fr. BRAl'fDEGEE. And if the proper kind of cotton is The way it operates now is this: The millman will go out, offered to him at the proper price-cott< which he can use send his buyer on the street, and he will buy up 'the cotton as he will always buy that spot cotton which he can use, and then best he can, and when he buys 100 bales he sells out a contract, cancel his old contract? and he keeps on, and he :Sells out his contracts as he buys his l\Ir. DIAL. Yes, sir. actual cotton. A contract means. 100 bales. If the cotton has Mr. BRANDEGEJE. I understand the Senator now. gone down he has lost on his contract, but he has bought his Mr. DIAL. Now, let me go along a little fnrther and show cotton cheaper than he thought he was buying it when he sold how that price is arrived at; and these are figures 1 do not his goods. Therefore he tries to even up. If the price goes up, think have been made public in the United States. I obtained and he pays more for his cotton than he thought he would at them the otner day from the Department of Agriculture. We the time he sold his goods, then he has made on his contract, are told that the exchange is simp1y a. Clearing house, as it were; but he has lost on his cotton, and he tries to even it up. a kind of innocent side show. Now, here is where the poor farmer catches it, as I see it, l\Ir. J'ONES of New Mexico. Before the S-enator ~eaves the and also the manufacturer, as I see it. As I understand, the other proposition I should like to inquire, covering this ~oint, mills do not object to high-priced cotton. What they object to if it is a good tning to limit the .number of grades so that the is violent fluctuations, so that they will not know where they purchaser may select at least half of the kind of cotton which stand. To my mind there is a stream of sellers all 'the time on he wants, why would it not be a gooa thing to still further the market. Therefore, if the man who had bought the con limit it and gi're to the purchaser the right to demand the whole tracts had an equal option with 'the seller, instead of selling of the kind of cotton which he wants and not only half of it? out his contract and pocketing his loss he would stand up a'Ild If it is a good thing to go half way, why is it not a good thing demand delivery of his cotton. Hence, it would never go down to go the whole way? as low as it has gone, when there was such great pressure on it. 1\lr. DIAL. I thank the Senator. Under the present law It is like water running over a dam. that is possible; but, as a. matter of fact, the New York Cotton Now, they will say that there must be a purcha:Ser for every Exchange has never put that kind of a contract into operation. seller. That is true. But that is where they confuse us through They will not trade in it. They will not sell it. I spent days these exchanges. But it is not necessary that there should be in _the Department of Agriculture last summer looking into this an accepter for every offer. For instance, you have bought matter.; l studied it very carefully, ..and they said that contract your contract ahead und the maturity date i:S approaching. had never been entered into. ~he New ·Ot'leans excba.nge will Under the present 1aw you have no option of selection. You enter into that kind of a contract to a limitcil extent. They wire your broker: "Close out my contract to-day." We will have the advantage of the fanner and of the rplllman~ suppose this is a July conn·act, and you wire, "Close it out •at Senators, if I . had any favo1·s to give I would give them to 12.20." He will wire you back, "I hav'€ no offer. I can not get the farmer. But I am not~ asking favors for anybody. I 12.20." Then you wire him to close it out at 11.90. To-morrow am not even asking for sy1!tf>athy. l am asking you ·to correct he will wire you back that it has gone dowll, and you have to do flagrant wrongs, to amend a one-sided law, practically a con- something; you have to accept whatever is tendered. You wire fiscation. . him to ell for whatever he can get for it. He sells out. What It is said that the New York and New Orleans Cotton Ex I want is that they shall not be compelled to sell out. I want changes are merely clearing houses ; that they ·are merely a them to be able to stand up and say, "Give me half of this hedging -proposition, just a little innoeent thing. I am :riot try contract in the cotton that I want." ing to put them out of business, for the time being. I am not 1\.Ir. BRANDEGEE. Will the Senator permit a question? trying to see whether it is essential that they --should operate. I Mr. DIAL. Certainly. am not caring anything about that feature. I am trying to get l\Ir. BRANDEGEIEJ. What I wanted to unde.I·stand was this an honest and just law on the statute books. situation: If the millman, who has made a contract for his Let me show you how innocent and how little they are. I thousand bales of cotton, then, as the Senator says, goes and have the figures here of what they did in 1919. I could not get buys the actual cotton, a hundred bales, and then sells out a the figures for the next year. hundred bales of his contract, why would he not do the same In 1919 there were sold on the New Orleans Cotton Exchange thing if he had the privilege of ·selecting from 4 or 5 different 33,681,500 bales of cotton. ·on the New York exc-hange that grades out of the 10 grades of cotton? year were sold 71,183,600 bales of cotton, aggregating 104,860,100 l\Ir. DIAL. I do not think he would sell, because now he bales of cotton. I have not the exact figures of the production knows he has no selection. that year in America, but it was a little less than 12,000,000 Mr. BRANDEGEE. I know; but I do not follow the Senator bales of cotton. . in this respect: I understood the Senator to say that the man Every bale of the 12,000,000 bales of cotton which -was raised sold out a part of his contract because he had bought that much was sold eight times over. If the mills of this country had of the actual cotton ; therefore he did not need the whole amount hedged every bale they needed in the mills, as they used only of the contract. J: did not understand the Senator to say that about 6,000,000 hales, :you see that every bale would have been the millman who had a contract for a thousand ba1es of cotton sold over sixteen times in the United States. sold out a pa...""i: of that contract because he was prevented What do they do about delivery? What I am trying to get from making a choice out of certain grades of cotton, but at is that the contract should represent cotton. Let it represent because he had bought the actual cotton to the extent to some value. Let it represent something or other, not be just which he had sold out his contract. Which of those is the paper. correct statement? The cotton that was delivered on those two exchanges that Mr. DIAL. Possibly I tried to illustrate too much in too year amounted, in New Orleans, to 19,900 bales, and in New short a space of time. Under the present law, he goes out York to 120,000 bales. A little less than 140,000 bales were and buys his cotton on the market. If I can succeed in having actually delivered, whereas they had sold over 104,000,000 bales. my amendment adopted, he will not go on the market; he will The point I am making is, they use the exchanges to sell and make the broker deliver. He will have his choice. Then he sell and sell, and put the price down all the time. · can get half of the kind of cotton he buy-s. He will say," This There is a little section of our country, about 500 miles wide price iB going too low. I am not going to sell out my contract. and 2,000 miles long, with a population of about 25,000,000, I will e:x::er<1se my right to take half of the quantity." He would half of whom perhaps engaged in agriculture, unorganized, dis sell the other half to a neighboring mill or tender it on a con organized, raising 60 per cent of the cotton of the world, having n·act he would sell. Then there will be less selling on the no way to protect themselves, and the United States Congress market. allows this unjust law to stay ripon the statute books. 2574 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 14, Ans\vering the Senator from New 1\Ie:xico further along that 1\fr. Sl\IITH. 1\Ir. President, if my colleague will allow me, line, I will refer to Senator Comer just briefly. Senator Comer there are two distinct operations in the cotton business. This advocated letting the purchaser have the privilege of selecting afternoon would not afford half the time that would be neces one-half the quantity of the contract in middling and above. sary to explain the detailed workings of what we know as our That created a great furor in the country, and it was on cotton exchanges. The contracts to which my colleague refers account of that that I objected to his amendment. It was said are employed in the markets where the principal business is if the purchaser selected half of the quantity, he would select done. a very fine grade, and he would run the price of cotton sky 1Ve have what is called a middling grade. That is the middle high. That was the argument. I could not see as much wrong grade, and all prices are fixed with reference to that. The in allowing the purchaser to select half of the quantity in one grades below have a discount and the grades above have a grade, and run the price sky high, as I could see in allowing premium. All contracts are sold "basis middling." If you pick the seller to sell all of the quantity in dogtail, as we call it, and up your paper in the morning you will see May, June, July, run the price cellar low. Senator Comer wanted to help the August, September, and October cotton quoted at a certain price, produc.er, the man who needs help, and his amendment was in and that is "basis middling." the right direction, and it passed the Senate, but the House It is a fact that neither a millman nor a cotton producer nor killed it. a broker rarely goes to the exchange to get his contract filled. I do not contend that we should compel the purchaser to They simply buy and sell there as hedges against either the select half the quantity in middling and above, in high-grade purchase of the actual spot cotton or the sale of goods from the cotton, as we call it; but let each party to the contract select mill. They take that as an insurance, hold onto it, and send one-half of that quantity. He would select according to his their brokers into the market to bny the specific grades they requirements. Coarse-goods mills would demand off-grade desire. The reason why the law does not compel .the exchange cotton. . to deliver the specific grades that a millman may want is be l\Iy amendment is now before the Committee on Agriculture, cause those are simply hedging markets, where the pot cotton and I shall wait until the Senator from Louisiana [Mr. RANs is not supposed to be stored and delivered against sales. It is DELL] returns before I press it; but it proceeds on the theory an insurance place. that we should let the seller select half of the quantity, and My colleague [Mr. DIAL] has introduced an amendment look let him divide that half equally between the two grades; let ing toward the exigency that in case a millman would desire the purchaser select the other half, and make him divide that to have at least half of his contract delivered by the hedge equally between the two grades. market rather than by his broker on his street, he may have the If it is thought best to divide each half between more grades opportunity of so demanding it from the exchange, but the I would not object, but what I do insist upon is ari equal divi actual cotton is no more handled on the New Orleans Cotton sion between purchaser and seller. Exchange-perhaps a little more on the New Orleans Exchange Mr. McCUMBER. Will the Senator explain to one who does than on the New York Exchange-than is wheat handled on the not claim to have any knowledge about dealings in cotton why, board of trade. It is simply a hedge against purchase or sale if a purchaser buys a certain grade of cotton, he should not in the general markets. have the grade which he selects? There is a provision in the present law that gives them the Why should there be any law that would allow the seller to right to specify the particular grade. say that he will furnish one-half of that grade and one-half of If my colleague will allow me just a moment further, I shall another grade? What is the purpose of such a law? . What conclude. Cotton is of such a peculiar nature that it confuses benefits are to be subserved by it, and why should we not ha:ve most of those who are unacquainted with it, both in the pro a law compelling the seller to furnish the kind of cotton he duction and the handling. It is now divided into 10 grades- contracts to sell? 11 or 12, in fact, but we have not allowed to be delivered those 1\Ir. DIAL. We should have, Senator. As I said a while ago, below good ordinary-on account of color and foreign matter that is the law. They can contract that way if they will, but and perhaps inferior fiber. the seller will not contract. He will not contract as to the Most of the mills that buy their cotton buy even running loss. specific kind of cotton. The con~ say "cotton," and "cot· That is the technical term used, which may go from low mid ton " means any of those 10 grades. dling up to as high as strict middling. These grades are used 1\fr. McCUMBER. Suppose the person who wants to pur in the same mill to produce the same kind of cloth ; and no one chase says, " I will not buy under such a condition. I insist would attempt to sell a contract of a specific grade, because he that if I buy cotton A-1 you are to deliver me cotton A~, or would have difficulty in finding anywhere in the ordinary mar if I buy cotton A-2 that you are to deliver me cotton A-2." ket that specific grade, but they do sell basis middling and Mr. DIAL. They will not trade. settle on that basis. Mr. 1\fcCUMBER. Are conditions such that a purchaser can 1\Ir. McCUl\IBER. I think I understand. The Senator is not buy what he wants to buy? not dealing with real cotton that is to be used in the mills, but l\lr. DIAL. Yes, Sir; that is true, unfortunately. They will merely ~peculative cotton that is to be used as a hedge. not make that kind of a contract. 1\Ir. DIAL. Yes; and that depresses the price of spot cotton. l\lr. HEFLIN. l\fr. President, under the law we have 10 It declined from over 42 cents per pound to around 10 cents grades, and you can go into the exchange and contract to buy a within a few months. That is my complaint. contract or a number of contracts. When you come to have your I send to the desk a telegram sent by a member of the New contract filed, the exchange man tells you that he has not the Orleans Cotton Exchange to the senior Senator from Louisiana cotton you want, and tmder their rules he can tender you some [Mr. RANSDELL], who handed it to me. I desire to have that of each of the 10 grades, and if you say, then, that that is not incorporated in the RECORD as a part of my remarks. I think what you want and that you can not use it, they settle the differ the telegram bears out my contention. ence with you in money; that is, the difference between the price The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, it is so ordered. at which you bought, we will say, and the price to which it ad The telegram is as follows : NEW ORLEANS, LA., May 5, 19Z1. vancecl, which may amount to $5 or $10 or more on the bale, or Hon. JOS. E. RANSDELL, vice versa, if the price declines. United States Senate, Washington, D. C. 1\Ir. 1\IcCUl\IBER. Is that a law or simply a rule of the ex Your letter April 29 and wire l\Iay 3. In my opinion future contract trading is essential. The abolition of the future market would be a vast change? misfortune to all engaged in cotton production and merchandising. It 1\Ir. HEFLIN. I fear that the rules fixed by the exchanges is true that in the late deflation campaign when constructive specula tion was paralyzed and destructive speculation stimulated and, in fnct, enable them to evade the law. They could not sell and deliver, encouraged by the attitude and acts of one branch of the Federal Gov as has been suggested, 104,000,000 bales out of a 12,000,000-bale ernment the producers should have been protected fr·om the injurious crop. Something must be done to requite spinable cotton to be results of excessive bear speculation and should be protected should any excessive selling develop during the abnormal period of readjustment. delivered on contracts, and I would like to see a record kept of But the way to make such protection effective is through t emporary all sales of cotton on the exchanges, so as to obtain information prohibition of speculative short selling and not through the desb:uction as to just how many bales are sold on contract and how many of the future trading system. The future markets may be destroyed directly as under the Caraway bill or indirectly as under the Dial bill. are delivered. Senator DIAL'S fifty-fifty argument sounds plausible enough, but in prac Mr. McCUMBER. Then, does the Senator mean to tell me tical effect it would drive sellers from the future market and make said that if a manufacturer of cotton yarn wishes to buy a thousand market innocuous. The fault with DIAL's argument lies in the fact that obligations assumed by the buyer and seller in the future contract are bales of a certain character of cotton that is necessary to be used not equal. If the buyer could demand that even 50 per cent of the in his mill, and he contracts for that thousand bales of cotton, contract delivery should b gone through a period dui·ing which the speculative short seller ha~ all Domestic ea;ports from the United States to fo1·eign cotmtrieB dtwing the the advantage, now that trend of events and the attitude of the admmis years 1880 to 19-20-Continued. tration favors a revival of buying, I think it would be most unfor tunate for u s by destroying the future markets to deprive cotton of the benefits of constructive buying. - Corn. Wheat. W. B. THOMPSO::i. Year ending- Cotton, dollars. Mr. DIAL. I have in my hand a clipping from my home paper Bushels. Dollars. Bushels. Dollars. relating that a gentleman whose name I will not mention, living in my neighborhood, the father of eight children, committed June30: suicide the other day on account of the discouraging outlook 1913 ...... 547, 357, 195 49,064,967 28,800,544 91,602,974 89,036,428 for agriculture. 1914, ...... 610, 475, 301 9 380 855 7, 008,028 92,393,775 fl!l, 953,456 I appreciate very much the attention · of the Senate, and I 1915 ...... 316, 297, 972 4~ 786:291 39,339,064 259, 642, 533 333, 552, 2213 1916 ...... 371,186,247 3S, 217,012 30,780,887 173,274,015 215, 532, 681 am sorry my time is so "limited. However, I am glad that Sena 1917 ...... 543, 074, 690 6-t, 720, 842 72,497,204 149, 331, 427 293, 179, 705 tors will look into the matter, as I know they will. All I ask 1918 ...... 665, 024, 655 4o,m,B'l:l 75,305,692 34,118,853 80,802,542 is a simple amendment to the Jaw, and I feel there can be no Dec. 31: 1918, 6mo ...... 11, 36~, 464 17,925,544 104, 683, 409 216, 010, 258 opposition to it. 1919 ...... 1, 137, 371, 252 11,192,533 18,624,386 148,086,470 356, 898, 295 Mr. HARRIS. 1\lr. President, I wish to call the attention 1920 ...... 1, 136, 40!-l, 916 17,761,420 26, ~53, 681 218, 287, 334 596,975, :19G of the Senate to an important fact in connection with cotton. The Senator from North Dakota [Mr. .McCuMBER] and Senators Table of balance of trade between the United States and foreign coun· on the other side of the aisle who have given the Senator from tries, and amount of cotton ea;ported, since 1880. South Carolina [Mr. DrAL] such close attention will be inter ested in this. Except for the cotton exported from the South Excess of Excess of Exports of Year ending- exports over imports over I domestic since 1880, the balance of trade would have been against the rmports. exports. cotton. United States more than half the years from that time until the last war. The gold resen·e that we ha'e had to help this country in the trying times the past few years has been due 1une30: 1880...... $167,683,912 ...... $211,535,905 more to cotton exported than to anything else. 'Vithont this 1881...... 259,712,718 ...... - 247,695,746 cotton the balance of trade would ha'\'e been against the United 1882...... 25,902,683 ...... 189,812,644 States and we would have been sending annually abroad hun 1883...... ••• • ...... 100,658,488 ...... 247,328,721 1884...... 72,815,916 ...... 197' 015,204 dreds of millions of dollars. Our Go,ernment owes the cotton 1885...... 164,662,426 ...... 201' 962, 458 producers of the South a debt of gratitude, and I hope to see 1886...... 44,088,69! ...... 205,085,642 the time wnen Senators from every section will feel an int~rest 1887 ...... -.... 23, 863, 443 ...... 206,222,057 1888...... •••...... • ...... $28,002,607 223,016,760 in the welfare of the southern cotton producer, whose product 237,775,270 now sells for less than a third it costs to produce. ~o section 250,968,792 has suffered from defl.a tion as much as the South. 290,712,898 258,461,2U I ask unanimous consent to insert in the RECOR J the balance 188,771,445 of trade between the United States and foreign countries and a 210,869,289 statement showing the exports of cotton, which amount to. rr r: ··: J.m.m; 204, 900' 990 ~~::: 111!!1!~1~~:1::: 1~: :i:~:~: ~ ~~ ~; 190,056, 46() double that of wheat and corn, and showing the amount of 230, 890,971 gold that cotton we have exported has brought into our country 1898 .. - ...... • .. • ...... 615,432, 676 ...... 230, 442, 215 the past 50 years. Also, I wish to insert a copy of the British 1899...... 529,874,813 ...... 209,564,774 1900 ...... -.. ... • ...... • ... • .. • ...... 544,541,898 ...... 241,832,737 Board of Trade .Journal, showing what Great Britain is doing 1901...... - 664, 592, 826 ...... 313,673,443 to encourage the production of cotton. Unless our Governmept 290,651,819 ~:~rt:::: ::::::::::::::::::::: g~: ~: m :::::::::::::::: 316, 180, 429 helps the cotton producers, the production will be decreased, our 370,811,246 exports lessened, and our gold reserve reduced. I think every 379,965,014 thing this Government can do should be done to encourage the 401,005,921 production and exportation of cotton and financing the cotton 481' 277' 797 437 J 788,202 producers so as to help the price of cotton. Congress and our 417,390,665 - Government should leave nothing undone in such efforts as are 1mH:!..:::··!-~·HH!. · m:i!i YY2H 450,447, 2!3 1911...... 522,09 ~ Year ending-' Cotton, dollars. Bushels. Dollars. Bushels. Dollars. Cotton ea;porta fo1· 100 years. Decade. Bales. Tons. Value. 1une 30: 1880 ...... 211 ' 535, 905 98,169,877 53,398,247 153, 252, 795 190,540,305 1881...... 247,695,746 91,908,175 50,702,669 150,565,477 167,698,485 1821-1830 ...... -...... -...... -...... 4,fJ71,687 1,017, 923 $256, 632, 567 1882 ...... 189,812,644 43,184,915 28,845,830 95,271,802 112,929,718 1831-1840 ...... 8,634,652 2,158,667 528, 789, 702 1883 ...... 247,328,721 40, 5813, 825 27,756,081 106, 385, 828 119,879,341 1841.-1850 ...... : 13, 989,fjgl 3,497,398 553,427,052 1884 ...... 197,015, 204 45,247,490 27,648,044 70,349,012 75,026,678 1851-1860 ...... 23,601,577 5, 900,395 1, 145, 092, 778 1885 ...... 201,962,458 51,834,416 28,003,863 84,653,714 72,933,097 1861-1870 .... -...... - .. .. 8,089,101 2,022,~58 1, 083, 373, 097 1886 ...... 205 685 642 63,655,433 31,730, 922 57,759,209 50,262,715 1871-1880 ...... -...... 28,420,585 7, 105,148 1, 94.'), 673, 249 1887 ...... 206: 222: 05~ 40,307,252 19,347,361 101,971,949 90,716,481 1881-1890 ...... 42,642,888 10,650,724 2, 205, 812, 530 1888 ...... 223, 016,760 24,278,417 13,355.950 65,789,261 56,241,468 1891-1900 ...... · .-...... 60,837,298 15,209,327 2, 256, 455, 584 1889 ...... 237,775,270 69,592,929 32,982,277 46,414,129 41,652,701 1901-1910 ...... -..... - 74,733,416 18,68.3,356 3, 856, 233, 593 1890 ...... 250,968, 792 101,973,717 42,658,015 54,387,767 45,275,906 1911-1920 ...... 76,100,467 19,017,620 6, 512, 761, 108 1891...... 290,712,898 30,768,213 17,652,687 55, 131,948 51,420,272 1892 ...... 258, 4~1, 241 75,451,849 41,590,460 157, 280, 351 161,399, 132- Grand total...... • ...... • • • ...... 341, 211, 268 85, 212, 816 20, 349, 251, 320 1893 ...... 188,771,445 46,037,274 24,587,511 117, 121,109 93,534,970 1894 ...... 210,869,289 65,324, 841 30,211,154 88,415,230 59,4fJ7,041 1 95 ...... 204,900,990 27,691,137 14,650,767 76,102,704 43,805,663 [From the British Board of Trade Journal, Feb. 17, 1921.] 1896 ...... 190, 056, 460 99,992,835 37,836,862 60,650,080 39,709,868 EMPIRE COTTON GROWING, 1897 ...... 230, 890, 971 176, 916, 365 54,087,152 79,562,020 59,920, 1'18 1898 ...... 230, 442, 215 208, 744,939 74, 196,850 148,231,261 145,684,659 THE :KEW' ORGAXIZATIO~. 1899 ...... 209,564,774 174,089,094 68,977,448 139,432,815 104, 269, 169 It is announced that a preliminary meeting of the members nominated • 1900 ...... 241 ' 832, 737 209,348,284 85,206,400 101, 950,389 73,237,080 to Eerve on the administrative council of the Empire Cotton Growing. 1901...... 1 313,673,443 177,817,965 82,527,983 132, 060, 667 96,771,743 Corporation will be held in Manchester on February 21. This state 1902 ...... 290, 651,819 26,636,552 16,185,673 154,856, 102 112,875,222 ment indicates that arrangements are nearing completion for the estab 1903 ...... 316, 180, 429 74,833,237 40,540,637 114, 181, 420 87,795,104 lishment of a permanent organization whose object will be to promote 1904 ...... 370,811,246 55,858,965 · 30,fJ71,334 44,230,169 35,850,318 the growing of cotton witrun the Empire, so that the industry in this 1905.. •••• 379,965, 014 88,807,223 47,446,921 4,394, 402 3,905,579 country need no longer be dependent on the United States for the 1906 ...... 401, 005,921 117,718,657 62,061,856 34,973,291 28,757,517 greater part of its supply of raw material. 1907 ...... 481, 277,797 83,300,708 44,261,816 76,569,423 60,214,388 In 1917 a committee was appointed by the board of trade to in 1908 ...... 437,788,202 52,445,800 33,942,197 100, 371,057 99, '136, 767 vestigate this problem. Tbe members reported that while they were 1900 ...... 417 J 390, 665 35,853,412 25,194,466 66,923,244 confl.clent that lf proper measures were tal>en it shonlrl be possible to 1910 ...... 450,447, 243 36,802,374 25,427,993 46,679,876 ~m:~~~ grow within the Empire a very large proportion of the cotton it re 1911 ...... 585, 318, 869 63,761,458 35,961,479 23,729,302 22,040,273 quires, such an achievement was beyond the powers of any committee 1912 ...... 565,849,271 40,038,795 28,957,450 30,160,212 28,477,584 and demanded the united efforts of the Imperial Government and the ~2576 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JuNE 14,_ governments of the cotton-growing pattf; of the Empire, supported by local governments for developing the cotton-groning possibilities of the active interest and cordial cuoperati.on of nll who are engaged in their 1.·espect1ve territories. the cotton industry in this country. 'l'he following -nre among ""the Numerous witnesses have been examined by the committee, including recommendations contained in the committee's•report publlshed in Janu 'Officials and othe.rs fa.mlliar with cotton growing in practicallr, every ary of last year (Cmd. 523) : part of the Emp1re. The knowledge thus obtained can not fail to be (1) That the agricultural departm~nts in 'Briti-sh colonies and de of the greatest value to the body about to be established, which will pendencies should be considerably enlarged and strengthened. also have at ·its disposal funds sufficient to enable it to make practical (2) That a central research institute should be established. use of it. . (3) That ln order to increase the .snpply and improve the training of A joint standing committee with the Cotton Industry Research Asso· scientific men capable of studying cotton, readerships at British uni elation has been set up, and the two bodies have shared the cost of versities should be established in plant physiology, plant genetics, my· certain Tesearch studentships intended to enable students to qualify, cology, and entomology, and that resem·ch studellJ3bips, to be held by themselves specially for the investigation of scientific problems con· graduates, hould also be established. nected with cotton growing. (4) That a bureau far the dissemination of ·information on cotton growing sboula be set up. THE CENTRAL STAU'F. (5) That the B.ritlsh Cotton Growing Association should a.ct as The committee have given mueh thought to the organization of the agents of t1le corilmlttee for marketing crops, where 'this is agreeable central staff of the corporation. Offices are being sought tn the neigh~ to the local government, and that the association should forego the horhood of Westminster, and in the meantime the board of trade are appropriation of any profits made in business carried on under this providing the necessary accommodation. Two gentlemen whose names .auungement, provided that it is guaranteed against permanent loss a:ris- will command general confidence have been selected for recommcnda· ing therefrom. . . tion as director and assistant director, while Mr. L. G. Killby, B . A., The president of the board of trade supported the committee's pro B. Sc., formerly -superintendent of the department of technology of the posals, stating that it was very undersirable that the cotton industry City and Guilds of London -Institute, and Mr. J. C. 1\Iay, B. A., for. of the Empire should be -so .greatly dependent upon outside sources and merlf 'assistant. resident il} the Nyasaland protectorate and assistant upon seasonal conditions in . any one country for 1its ·supply of raw political o.ffi.cer m Tanganyika Territory, have been appointed secretary material. ·while -recognizing that useful work bad been done in the and assistant secretary, respectively. The consideTation of other ap past, he urged th:rt the problem must be handled more systematically pointments has necessarily been ileferred until the formation of the cor· and with ..greater vigor,· and that the Government must be prepared to poration has maae it possible for the director to undertake this impol' give more active suppm.-t. tant part of the duties of his office. ' lt will be clear .from the above that valuable preparatory work has FINANCE OF THE SCHEME. already been done, which will considerably facilitate the attainment of The committee suggested that the responsibility for financing their the objects which the Government and the industry, working jointly proposals might be shared by the treasury and the cotton industry, but through the new corporation, now seek to -secure. A new departme is that pending the formation of a .J)ermanent .body competent to carry thus being made; an important industry, with .the cooperation of the into effect their far-reaching schemes the committee should continue its Government, is providing a substantial sum o'f money to develop the work under the support of the Government. This recommendation ·was sources of supply of its raw material. The 1mpartance of the work is accepted and a -sum of ·£10,000 a year for five years was ·placed at 'the acknowledged, and its success is not only of vital importance to the committee's disposal ·for -secretarial and other -expenses and . for initia cotton industry but •will add materially to the prosperity of many parts tory wark on matters of urgent ..impo.rtanee on the lines recommended of the Empire. in the report. Th~ -committee were accordingly able la-st spring to take steps to form an organization for the development of cotton growing [From the British Board of Trade .J·ournal, May 5, Hl21. The British within the Empire and to carry out immediately ·ce-rmin of their pro .Board of Trade Journal is an official Government publication printed posaJs. in His Majesty's printing office.] With regard to finance, it was suggested that the contribution from CENTRAL COTTON COMMITTEE-CO:YSTITUTION il"'D 0RG.ANIZATION. the •industry might take ·the form of a voluntary •levy of 6 d. per bale of 500 pofmds ·imposed by the spinners themselves on all raw cotton. As announced in the weekly cable from the director general of com The principle uf 'this -propnsal met with considerable support in Lan mercial intelligence, Calcutta, dated April 4 (see the Journal of .Apr. cas-hire and the Government thereupon announced last July that they 7, p. 382), a central cotton committee, with headquarters at Bombay, would ask Parliament to make a. grant of £5Q-,OOO a year for five years has been consHtuted as recommendeil by the Indian cotton committee. to tbe body that might be set up to carry out the committee's propos-als, COMPOSITION OU' COMMITTEE. subject to the contribution from the industry being forthcoming by The functions of the committee will be mainly advisory. At the means of the ievy, which it was -estimated would yield a further sum of outset it will be composed as follows, but additions to and alterations approximately £100,000 per annum. in its composition may be made from time to "time on the recommenda- PROGRESS OU' THE COTTON 'LEVY. tion of the committee. · Notwithstanding the SE'Yere depression in the cotton trade, mat:ked OFFICIAL REPRESENTNL'n'ES. p-rogress has since been made in obtaining the approval of the spinning President: The agricultural .adviser to "the Government of India. :llrms to the levy. At present the owners of app.l.'oximately 75 per cent Members : A representative of i:he agricultural department in (~ ) of the spinning spmulcs in tlle United.Kingdom have given their assent. Madras, (2) Bombay, (3) the Punjab, (4) the United Provinces, ( 5 ) The Liverpool and Manchester Cotton .Associations have been ap Burma, (6) the Central Provinces and Berar, (7) Sind, and (8) the proached with a view to obtaining their help in collecting th.c lGvy, ·and director general of commercial ~ntelligenee. they have intimated their willingness to recommend to .their .members the intr-oduction of a by-law to enable them to impose the charge £ug NONOFFICJA"L REPRESENTATIVES. g~sted, provided that the consent of -the owners of at least 90 per cent A representative of each of the following bodies : (1) "The East India of the spil1dles in the countrv is obtained. . Th~ fulfillment of this re Cotton Association, if established, or, in the alternative, the Bombay quirement would mean that the trade was practieally unanimous in its Cotton Trade Association; (2) the Bombay Millowners' Association; support, and although such unanimity mrry not be easy .of attainment (3) the Bombay Chamber of Commerce; (4) th-e Ahmedabau Mlllowners' at the present time; the striking proportion already in favor of the Association; (5) the Karachi Chamber of Commerce; (6) the Tnticorin sehem~ gives encouragement to the .hope that at the forthcoming meet· · Chamber of Commerce; and (7) the Upper Indian Chamber of Com ing in Manchester means may be found rapidly to complete the neces merce. sary arrangements. In addition there are to be two representatives of the Central THE PERMANE~T CORPORATIOX. Provinces and Berar, to be nominated by the .local administration from manufacturers or ginners; and also ·the following: (1) A represen:ta. In order to establish a permanent body to carry out the committee's tive of the Madras presidency, to be nomi.nated by the local government recommen-dations it has been decided to form the Empire Cotton Growing from manufacturers or ginners; (2) a representative of the Punjab, to Corporation, to be constituted under royal charter. The funds of the be nominated by the local government from the manufacturers, gin corporation will !Je in the hands of ~ board of trustees, 'Yhich it. is pro· ners, or large producers; (3 and 4) a representative each of Bengal posed should consist of the secretarieS" of -state for fo-reign atraus: the and of Lancashire. colonies and India, and the president of the board of trade, witn an OTHER REPRESENTATIVES. equal number of representatives of the industry. The governing body will be the administrative council, which will include representatives (l)A member of the cooperative department, official or nonofficial, to of the Government departments, the Governments of India, South be nominated by the Government of India; (2) a representative each Africa, and Australia, all branches of the cotton industry at home .and of the Hyderabad State; (3) of the Baroda State; and (4) a joint in India, the chambers of commerce of the in1portant centers of the representative of the States in Rajput:ma and central India. trade, the British Cotton Growin~ Association, the Imperial ·Institute, APPOINTMEKTS AND LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS. the Textile Institute, and the Uruversity of Manchester. Considerable The members of the committee will be appointed in the first instance progress has been made in settling the terms of the draft charter and for a period of two years, ana steps are being taken to nominate the by-laws, so that there may be no delay when once assent to the leVY personnel in consultation with the local governments and adminisb·a has been obtained from the industry ns a whole. tions and the· Darbars concerned. Proposals have been approved by MISSIONS AND RESEARCli. H. M., secretary of state, regarding the appointment of a secretary During the past six JMnths the present committee have already been to the committee, and the officer selected is Mr. B. C. Durt, at present able to make a beginning upon work which it is hoped will be under· deputy director of agriculture in the United Provinces. On his ap taken on a far larger scale by the corp01·ation. Last autumn Dr. Har· pointment the secretary will be directed to submit proposals regarding land, assistant for cotton research in the department of agriculture his staff and the place and time of the first meeting of the committee. for the West Indies, resigned this position upon his appointment as The cost of the committee will be met from imperial revenues. botanist to the Cotton Industry Research Association. The committee Subject to the submission to them for sanction of any proposals re recognized the importance of securing continuity in the researches quiring it undeF the ordinary financial rules, the Government of India which Dr. Harland was conducting on sea-island cotton and appointed leave it to the discretion of local governments and administrations to Mr. D. P. Montague, B. Sc., to proceed to St. Vincent to carry on the decide the composition and details of organization of their pro>incial work on the lines initiated by Dr. Harland. They not only undertook . and local committees. the responsibility for Mr. Montague's salary, but also agreed to bear the Mr. HARRIS. I am informed by Mr. R. L. McKellar, foreign .cost, up to £200 a year, of incid~ntal expenses connected with the research. . freight traffic manager of the Southern Railway system, that the • Special emphasis was laid in the committee's report on the impor French ·Government is projecting cotton growing plans in its tance of maintaining close touch with the govemments of those parts African colonies similar to the movement outlined in the Bl'itish · of the Empire in which cotton growing might profitably be de-veloped and of obtaining accurate information as to local conditions. To fur Board of Trade Journal for the British Government. ther these objects they have appointed Sir Hector nutr to undertake a EXECUTIVE SESSION-RECESS. 'mission to Nigeria and Maj. Hastings Horne to carry out similar work. in ~.ranganyika Territory formerly German East Africa. Maj. Hor.ne Mr. NORRIS. I move that the Senate proceed to tbe con arrived in the country In November last, and valuable reports have sideration of executive business. already been received from him. 'Ey means of -such missions it is hoped to obtain information -which will be of immediate mrsistance to The motion was agreed to, and the Senate proceeded to the the corporation in ~nabling them to frame schemes acceptable to tha consideration of executive businesr. After :five minutes spent" 1921. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 2577 in executive session the doors were reopened, and (at 5 o'cloc~ FINANCE DEPARTMENT. and 10 minutes p. m.) the Senate took a recess until to-morrow, First lif3utenant. Wednesday, June 15, 1921, at 11 o'clock a. m: James Bayard Haley. - ORDNANCE DEPART~IENT. CONFIRMATIONS. Major. Executi-ve nominations confirmed by the Senate June (legis EYerett Collins. 14 Captains. lative day of J1tne 13), 1921. Robert Sherman Barr. ·walter Holbrook Adams. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. Scott Brewer Ritchie. James Dennett Mcintyre. JUDGE OF THE CIRCUIT COURT, THffiD Cll!.CUIT, TERRITORY OF HAWAII. First lieutenant. James Wesley Thompson. Edward WaTd Smith. UNITED STATES ATTORNEYS. COAST ARTILLERY CORPS. Easten" dist'rict of Virginia. Paul W. Kear. Colon-el. Distt·ict of Rhode Island. LeVert Coleman. Norman S. Case. Fi1·st lieutenants. Northern distr-ict of Miss·issipp-i. Walter John Wolfe. Clem Oliver Gunn. Lemuel E. Oldham. Paul Americns Harris. Roland Lester Spencer. CONSULAR SERVICE. FIELD ARTILLERY. CONSULS OF CLASS 7. Lie11tenant colonels. Fred R. Robinson. Philip Sheridan Golderman. Clinton E. 1\facEachran. James 'Wadsworth Furlow. IN THE ARMY. Majors. Lieutenant col01zels. Joseph Olden Daly. William Ord Ryan. Guy Eugene Bucker, Infantry. Rawson Warren, Cavalry. F'irst lieu.tenants. John Henry Read, jr., Ordnance Department. Charles Franklin Fletter. Robert John Binford, Infantry. .Alphonse Stoeckle. John Augustus Brockman, Infantry. QUARTERMASTER CORPS. Charles Conaway Burt, Coast Artillery Corps. Sheldon Webb Anding, Infantry. Fit·st lieutenant. William Gaither Murchison, Infantry. Tho1·gny Cedric Carlson . • Joseph Howard Barnard, Quartermaster Corps. SIGNAL CORPS. Rodman Butler, Quartermaster Corps. Captain. Howard Stanley Miller, Coast Artillery Corps. Bruce Glenn Kirk. Clarence Lininger, Cavalry. AIR SERYICE. Edward Murray Offtey, Cavalry. Majo1·. John Cocke, Cavalry. Elvin Henry Wagner, Infantry. Roy Messick Jones. John Thomas Donnelly, Cavalry. Oa1Jfains. William Henry Menges, Finance Department. Lawrence Fielding Stone. Ronald Earle Fisher, Cavalry. George Stewart Warren. Thomas Watson Brown, Infantry. First lieutenants. Otis Robert Cole, Infantry. James Desmond Summers. Charles Emery Hathaway, Cavalry. St. Clair Streett. Joseph Victor Kuznik, Cavalry. Edward Raymond Coppock, Cavalry. CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE. Shelby Carl Leasure, Infantry. Captain. Peter John Hennessey, Cavalry. Thomas Phillips. Kenyon Ashe Joyce, Cavalry. First lieutenants. Charles Frederick Herr, Infantry. Charles Stricklen Shadle. Francis Joseph Behr, Coast Artillery Corps. Arnold Emerson Heeter. Fred Hays Turner, Infantry. Howard Carlyle Tatum, Cavalry. :MEDICAL COllPS. Arthur George Fisher, Cavalry. Captains. Edwin Oliver Saunders, Judge Advocate General's Depart· Milner Hubbard Eskew. Juan Higinio Font. ment. Luther Remi Moore. John Earl Stanton. Walter Krueger, Infantry. - Harry Willard Waterous. Richard Henry Eanes. Asa Leon Singleton~ Infantry. Carl Randolph Mitchell. William Otis Callaway. Arthur LeRoy Bump, Infantry. James Morris Fontaine. George Grunert, Cavalry. DENTAL CORPS. Harry Westervelt Gregg, Air Service. 'William Rivers Pope,. Cavalry. Captains. Staley Alfred Campbell, Infantry. Ralph Olds Leonard. Carl Eaton Safford. John Rowe Brewer, Infantry. Warren Charles Caldwell. Page Purnell Albert Ches· Olney Place, Cavalry. William Elder Sankey. ser. Leo Asa Dewey, Infantry. Herman James Lambert. Jay Ross Haskin. John Pope l\1cAdams, Infantry. A very Scott Hills. Emory Chester Bardwell. Thomas Hood Cunningham, Cavalry. CHAPLAINS. John Robert Musgrave, Coast Artillery Corps. Chaplains, with rank of lieutenant colonel. Sidney Derby l\Iaize, Cavalry. Richard Wetherill, Infantry. James Lincoln Griffes. Hartman Lewis Butler, Coast Artillery Corps! John Menifee l\ioose. John Bryson Barnes, Infantry. INFANTRY. Thomas Taylor Duke, Infantry. Lieutenant colonel. Harry Arthur Wells, Infantry. Robert Emmet Grinstead. Ralph l\liddleton Parker, Cavalry. Captains. George Warren Harris, Infantry. Edward Gregg l\IcCleave, Infantry. John Ellis Rossell. Pat l\1. Stevens, Infantry. George Shipley Prugh. William Holt Peek, Quartermaster Corps. Louis Alexander Falligant. 2578. OONGRESSifiNAL RECORD-. SENATE. JU:NE 14,. F·irst lie·utenants. Passed assistant. paymasters. Richard Head Trippe; George Peter Seifertt J'obn.. Henry Theis. Donald 'Veldon Brann. George William 1\fasterton. James Fellis. IN THE :NAVY. Ambrose Jones Barnum. Allen Joseph 1\lar ·hall. Rear admiral. Walker Andrew Settle. Peter John Penner. Capt. Henry A. Wiley. Orlo Seward Goff. Wallace David Chace. Oscar James Phillips. Clarence Adams Miley. Captai1l. Dayton Fisher. William Elmer Todd. Commander Thomas A.. Kearney. Burnice Winton Shumaker. Charles Emerich Rudolph. Commander. Joseph Alvin Rebentisch. Roy Edward Smith. I,ieut. Commander John Grady. Thomas Martin Schnotala. Francis Patrick Kenny. Charles Eric Sandgren. Eugene Lawrence Gray. Lieutenant commanders. Harry Albert Hooton. Samuel Voorhees Dunham. Lieut. Jere H. Brooks. Lieut1 Raymond G. Thomas. James Gately. Thomas Lewis Sorrell. Lieut. James D. Smith. Lieut. Henry D. McGuire. Arthur William Babcock. Stephen Edward Smith. ' Lieut. James G. Stevens. Lewis Sterling Sutliff. Roy Lee Walford. Lieutenants. Charles Howard Breyer. Ralph Jenkins Dindot. David R. Lee. Douglas A. Spencer. Thomas Anslem Culhane. Clifford White LeRoy. Ad.rew H. A George Lawrence Thoma . Hunter J. Norton. Passed ass-istant paymaster tcith mnk of lieutenant. Sumuel Lawrence Bates. Walter E. Scott. Cyrus D. Bishop. John Charles Poshepny. John H. Skillman. MABI ~ CORPS. Gordon Samuel Bower. Maurice M. Smith. Captain. Edward 1\Iixon. John 1\I. Speissegger. Henry Chilton 1\IcGinnis. Leslie A. 'Villiams. Patrick W. Guilfoyle. F rank J oseph 1\Ianley. George F. Yo ran. Fi1·st lie'lttenant. Harry Franris Hake. Charles Frederick House. Jud on H. Fitzgerald. .Julius Joseph Miffitt. Louis Weigle Crane. Second lieutenants. Harry Gillespie Kinnard. Calvin William Schaeffer. James l\1. White. Percival Francis Patten. Benjamin Oliver Kilroy. Gerald C. Thomas. Michael Albert Sprengel. Letcher Pittman. 'Villiam Edwin l\lcCain. Frank Humbeutel. Golden Fletcher Davis. Robert Hill Whitaker. Grandison James Tyler. "\Villiam Starling Cooper. SENATE. Theodore Martin Stock. Charles Ernest Leavitt. Stamford Grey Chapman. Archie Bawlin 1\IcKay. WEDNESDAY, J1.ene 15, 19~1. ·william Elliott. Harrison \Villiam Mc- Joseph Edward Ford. Grath. (Legislati'Ve day ot Mo-nday, Jttne 13, 1921.) .Tames Edward Hunt. Charles Thomns Flannery. The Senate met nt 11 o'clock a. m., on the expiration of the Hugh John McManu ·. Josephus Maximilian Lie- recess. 'Villiam Edward Woods. ber. l\Ir. SMOOT. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a Alexander Wolseley Urqu- Carl Louis Biery. quorum. hart. Harry Carl l\fechtoldt. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secretary will call the rolL Leo .Adelbert Ketterer. Harry Herbert Hines. The reading clerk called the roll, and the following Senators John Jo. eph Carroll. Charles ·welford Fox. answered to theil· names : Edward. Hammel Hulit. Everett 'Van·en Brown. Ball Fl'elinghuysen McCumber Spencer Nicholru; Alexander Brown. Edwin Henry Bradley. Borah Hale McKinley Sutherland Brous ard Harreld McLean Swanson John \Vesley Overand . William Hem·y Phillips. Bursum Harris McNary Trammell Howard. Niles Hill. Percy Briggs. Calder Harrison Nelson Underwood Charles Harold Convers:.. John Barnette Cattermole. Capper Heflin Norris Walsh, Mass. Caraway J'olmson Poindexter Warren Leo Vincent Flavell. John Lawrence Herbert Curtis .Tones, Wash. Sheppard Watson, Ga. Cornelius Adam Brinkmann. Clarholm. Dial Kendrick Shortridge Watson, Ind. Albert \Vashington Eldred. Lamar Lee. Dillingham Kenyon Smith Wolcott Charle Alexander Cameron 'George Harold Crofut. Fernald Knox Smoot Jacob Holmes Kyger. Andrew Colon Shiver. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. CURTIS in the chair). Joseph Thomas Lareau. Claude Randolph Clerk. Forty-three Senators having answered to their names, a quorum Marvin McCray. Matthew Thornton Betton. not being present, the Secretary will call the roll of absentees. Paul K. Coons. Theodore Winans Smith The reading clerk called the names of the absent Senators, Roy Leo Koester. Runyon. ami l\Ir. LA FOLLETTE and l\Ir. WADS WORTH answered to their James Herbert Stevens. John Ball. names when ea.llecl. George Scratchley. Joseph Gu ·ta vus Hag- Mr. CURTIS. I have been requested to announce the .ab· Ellsworth Foraker Sparks. strom. sence of the junior Senator from Ohio [Mr. WILLis], the senior Charles Brandon Forrest. Carl William Seitz. Senator from Colorado [1\Ir. PHIPPS], and the junior Seuator John Patrick Killeen. Cyrus Baker Kitchen. from Colorado [Mr. NICHOLSON], who are detained on official William George Conrad. Edward Winslow Hawkes. business. Karl Stacy Farnum. Earl Francis Codding. Mr. LEL"'ffiOOT, l\Ir. SIMMONs, Mr. liiTcHCOCK, Mr. LoDGE, 1\lr. Orville Franklin Byrd. Charles Streater Bailey. OVERMAN, l\fr. WALSH of Montana, l\fr. STERLING, Mr. WILLIAMS, Louis Alford Puckett. Joseph Patrick Burke. l\Ir. GERRY, Mr. OnniE, l\Ir. JoNES of New Mexico, Mr. ELKus, Lester Bernard Karelle. Clark Howell Miley. l\Ir. NEw, Mr. LA.nn, 1\fr. CuLBERSON, and l\Ir. ERNST entered the Ellory Francis Carr. Guy J ohp. Cheatham. Chamber and answered to their names. James Daniel G. Wognum. Walter William Mahany. Mr. UNDER"'OOD. I have been requested to announce·that Charles Harrison Gillilan. John Henry Davis. the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. 1\fcKEr.LAR] is absent on offi· Robert Von Ritter. Stephen Reuben Edson. cial business. Daniel Leo 1\fcCarthy. John Enos Wood. The VICE PRESIDENT. Sixtyo{)ne Senators llanng an. Leon Dancer. Matthias Anthony Roggen- swered to their names, a quorum is present. Charles Henry Ritt. kamp. 1\IESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE-ENlWLLED BILL SIGNED. Harry Alfred 1\Iiller. Francis Merle WaltiTon. A message from the House of Representatives, by 1\Ir. Ove-r· Joseph William Cavanagh. Harold Arthur Rigby. hue, its enrolling clerk, announced that the Speaker of the Harvey Rector Dye. Edwin Arnold Eddigorde. House had signed the enrolled bill (H. R. 6300) making appro Verny Carroll. Russell Hardy Sullivan. priations to supply deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal Charles 1\fusil. Harvey El~y 'Vathen. year ending June 30, 192:t,, and prior fiscal years, and for other Charles Schaaf. William En.rl Tripp. purposes, and it was thereupon signed by the Vice Pre ident. Forrest Ivanhoe. Lawrence Jefferson Webb. Ray Erastus Snedaker. Henry Hugh Karp. PETITIONS .AND MEMORIALS. Ray \Vadley Byrns. George Henry Williams. l\1r. RA.RRIS presented a resolution of the Board of Com· George Washington Davis. Joseph Arthur Hesse. missioners of Roads and Revenues of Sumter County, Ga., William Walter Wise. Richard August Vollbrecht. favoring the enactment of legislation to aid the States in the Guild B.ruda. Samuel Ellsworth McCarty. construction of rural post roads. which was refer1·ed to the Don l\ferrill Robinson. George Walter Armstrong. Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Alvin Steward Reid. Robert F. Batchelder. Mr. LODGE presented a resolution adopted at a meeting held Robert Harper Lenson. Joseph E. Bolt. May 10, 1921, of the Boston (Mass.) Marine Society, favoring Robert Ralston Blaisdell. James Chapman. the repeal of the so-called La Follette Shipping Act, which was Edward Francis Ney. Errett R. Feeney. referred to. the Committee on Commerce. ''orth B. Beachman. Francis D. Humphrey. He also presented. a resolution adopted at the annual meeting Carl J. Buck. William F. Jones. of the Council of the Massachusetts Medical Society, opposing Thomas P. Bryam. Willard C. Moore. the enactment of the so-called Sheppard-Towtler maternity aid Charles R. Flanigan. Christian P. Schwarz. bill, which was referTed to the Committee on Education and Charles l\1. Garrison. John N. Silke. Labor. Herman F. Gingrich. Edmund T. Stewart. He also presented resolutions of the First Congregational So Morris R. Grady. Purvey B. Summey. ciety of Leominster ; the First Baptist Church of Beverly ; the Webster Gross. .Arthur L. Walters. Wollaston Congregational Church, of Quincy; the Starrett Me~ Walter Guerry. Richard L. Whittington morial Methodist Church, of Athol; the First Congregational James M. 1\IcComb. Chm·ch of Wobu1·n; the Grace Methodist Episcopal Church.