DOCSLIB.ORG

Some Verses by Chemist/Poet Roald Hoffmann and His Foreword To

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Some Verses by Chemist/Poet Roald Hoffmann and His Foreword To Some Verses by Chnist/Poet Roald Hoffsmmn and His Foreword to Vohme 12 of Essays of an Information Scientist ?. Numbers 51-52 December 23-30, 1991 An Unusual State of Matter for John M. Thomas in the beach sandt of Kerala, The invisible searchlights abradedfiom the gneiss, of hell, gamma rays, in the stream sands of North Carolina jlash down the lattice. onejhk nronazite, (he solitary Alpha particles, crazed nuclear mineral. In its crystalline beginning debris, are thrust on megavolt there was ordet there was a lattice. missions of chance destruction. And the atoms-cerium, lanthanum, The remnant atom, transmuted, recoils, thon”um, yttrium, phosphate4anced freeing itse~fiom its lattice paint, round their prv&stined sites, cannonballs awry thtzmgh tethered by the massless springs a crowded darrcefloo~ of electrostatics There are no exits to run to. and by their neighbors’ bulk. In chm”ncot’lisions of disruption They vibrated, neighbors are knockedfiom their sites. and sang The crystal Swellsfiom once limpid in quantized harmony long-range, short-range order to absent listeners, to me. to yellow-brown amorphousness. Faults, But the enemy is within. defects, The radioactive thorium k vacancies, nervous nuclei explode dislocations, in the random thrum interstitiais, ofa hammer undejine the metamict state. 1 of no Norse god. I fist became familiar with Roald Choosing a title for a volume that covers Hoffmarm’s poetry when we discussed the such a wi~e variety of topics is a diftlcult sciencdpmtry connection several years exercise. Just as the title of a book of poems ago.z “An Unusual State of Matter” is the cannot fully refleet its content. neither can a last entry in his fmt book of poems entitled reasonably short title for a collection of es- The Metamict State. 10ver the years, he and says. Nevertheless, the subject of creativity, I have become good fiends. Not long after both in science and the humanities, has been I lectured at Cornell University last year, I a regular theme of my essays for years, asked Rordd if he would write the foreword particularly in 1989, the peried covered by to the next volume of my Essays of an lnfor- volume 12. Hence the title Essays of an ntation Scientist. That playful foreword is Information Scientist: Creativity, Delayed reprinted below. Recognition, and Other Essays.s . 203 The publication of these volumes began in each had done his work independently. 1977. That year, two volumes covered the Hoffmann was recognized for his develop- essays published from 1962 to 1976. At fmt ment of the theory of electronic orbitals in these essays appeared intermittently-then chemical reactions.ss The theory has be- weekly from 1970 onward. Volumes 3 come an exceedingly practical instrument through 5 each covered two years of Current for a wide variety of chemicrd syntheses, Comments @between 1977 and 1982. From helping to define the obstacles and preferred then on, an annual volume, including in- paths of chemical reactions. dexes, has been published. Hoffrnam was born in Poland bu~ after As indicated in my preface to the collec- escaping the Holocaust, his family emi- tion, there are dozens of topics covered in this grated to the US. He attended Stuyvesant volume besides creativity and delayed rec- High School and Columbia University in ognition. One of my favorites discussed the New York then did his graduate work at creativity of jazzman Rudy Wkdoeft and Harvard. He is now a distinguished profes- Saxophobia.4 And naturally several essays sor at Cornell University, Ithac& New York, involved citation analyses. where he gives an introductory course in I have never been reluctant to take advan- chemistry attended by some 850 students. tage of the wellspring of talents of esteemed He also teaches theoretical chemistry. His colleagues. This volume contains essays by mentors were Nobel laureates Robert Bums friends like Joshua Lederberg,s-g Harriet Woodward and William N. Lipscomb. In Zuckerman,W Carl Djerassi, 10 Rudolf 1962, Hoffmann and Lipscomb coauthored Schmid,ll and Bernard Dixon.lz.13 a Citation Classic@ on the theory of poly- There also are tributes to several others- hedral molecules that has been cited more among them Marjory Stoneman Douglas on than 700 times.~ Indeed, Hoffmann has co- celebrating her 99th birthdayl’t and to Man- authored two Citation Classic commentar- fred Kochenlson his untimely death that year. ies in Current Contents @.35.36One, a paper The constructive use of citation analysis is dealing with an extended Huckel theory, has illustrated in essays by economist Arthur been cited more than 3,000 times.ss Diamondlb.lT and information scientists “Hoffmann’s [theories] bridged the gap Jean King,ls Belver Griffith,lg and Ray- between quantum theory and practical mond McInnis. ZoThe need to recognize sci- chemistry, enabling the prediction of possi- ence education as a major problem in Amer- ble products and reaction conditions by (as ica was discussedzl and is certainly a The New York 71mes described it) jotting subject that needs continued coverage. pictures on the back of an envelope.”37 Among other topics covered that year were In addition to the Nobel Prize, Hoffmann marine science joumals,zz humor in sci- received the 1990 Priestley Medrd, the high- ence, 11the Nobel Prizes,23-z6 and the notion est honor of the American Chemical Soci- of establishing a science court.zT ety. He is the only pmon in the history of Naturally the new services Iaunchedby 1S1@ the society to be honored in both organic that year, such as Current Contents on Dis- and inorganic chemistry. He also is accom- kette @28 and the Social Sciences Citation plished in solid-state chemistry. Index @JCompact Disc Edition,29 were re- When Nazi Germany invaded Poland in viewed in detail. Since them I’ve provided UP 1941, Hoffmann’s family was imprisoned in dates covering developments like Key Wotrfs a forced labor camp. In 1943, young Rordd Plus [email protected] I and Current Contents on Dis- and his mother were smuggled out of the kette with Abstracts.32 camp. They were hidden in an attic by a Ukrainian family until the end of the war. The Poet/Chemist Roald Hoffnmrm His father, Hillel Safrsn, who arranged for his son’s escape, and many other members Roald Hoffmann shared the 1981 Nobel of the family were executed by the Nazis. Prize with Kenichi Fukui of Japan, although Roald was five at the time. Only 80 of 204 12,000 Jews in his hometown of Zloczow The fwst poem in that collection, “Evolu- survived the war. tion,” is reprinted below. Many of the poems Hoffmarm’s intrwiuction to poetry began in it were written at the wt colony in Califor- at Columbia University under Mark Van nia known as the Djerassi Foundation, Doren, the celebrated teacher and critic. He named after another podchemist. Carl began to write poetry in the 1970s and main- Djerassi is, of course, the author of the novel tains an interest in German and Russian lit- Cantor h Dilemrna39 and the more recent erature as well. His second book of prMtry, book of poems The Clock Runs Backwatd.40 Gaps and Verges, was published in 1990.38 “Evolution” I had written three pages the sun was on my desk on how insects are such good chemists, I had somejlowers I had picked on the hill citing in a vase: bush lupine, Califontia poppies, the silkworm sex attrackwtt, and some of the grass that grows here. and the bombardier beetle, On the grass stalks the bracts were a few spraying out hot hydrogen pervxide when centimeters apart. threatened. They were beige, freely lined husks, And I was in the mkidle their line set by a &irk spikelet, of telling the story of the western pine more like a stiffened figellum than a beetle, thorn. which has an aggregation pheromone A hint of something feathered inside. calling all comers (of that species). The sun k warmth had burst some of the The pheromone has three components: pods, one from the male, fiontalin, which had fallen on the drajl exo-brevicomin wafted by the female (the wonis were lost in the sun), fallen and (ingenious) by chance next to the shadows of seed still abundant, pitch-smelling myrrene hanging, and, from the host pine. the grass seed I had written this the night before, like dormant grasshoppers, broken it abwn into short lines. legs of now bent spike[ets When I woke up Sunday and sat down to cast second, jiner shadows. work, Then I saw you walking on the hiM3a quietly with a second cup of coffee, ● ☛☛☛☛ My thanks to Paul R. Ryan arrd Eric I’?turschwe[lfor their help in the preparation of this introduction. !mIwlUa REFERENCES 1. Huffrnam R. T6s msramicf state. Orlando, FL University of Central Florida Press, 1987, p, 43. 2. Garffeld E. Further reflections err the poemy-scierrce connection. Current Coruerm (7):3-9, 17 Febmmy 1986. (Reprinted in: Essays ofarr infmvmrtion scientist: towards scierrtography. Philadelphia 1S1 press, 1988. Vol. 9, p, 48-54.) 3. --------- . Essays &an information scientist: creativity, delayed xcognition, and other essays. F%ikrdelphia 1S1Press, 1991. Vol. 12. 385p. 4. --------- . How Rudy Wkkeft’s Saxq?hobia launched the saxua.1revohrtimr. Currwrt Conterm ( 10):3-8, 6 March 1989. (Reprinted in: Ibid. p. 68-73.) 5. Lederberg J & Tahmr E L. Gene recombination in .Esc/rerichia coli. Nature 158:558, 1946. (Reprirrtcd in: Curreru Corrrena (3]4-5, i6 hrmary 1989 and ibid. p. [7-8.) 6, Zuekernmrr H & Lederberg J. Postnrature scientific discovery? Nrwurr 324:629-31, 1986. (Reprinted in: Current Contents (3h 18-23, 16 January 1989 and Ibid p.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mobile DNA Elements in Shigella Flexneri and Emergence of An- Tibiotic Resistance Crisis
    International Journal of Genomics and Data Mining Palchauduri S, et al. Int J Genom Data Min 01: 111. Research Article DOI: 10.29011/2577-0616.000111 Mobile DNA Elements in Shigella flexneri and Emergence of An- tibiotic Resistance Crisis Sunil Palchaudhuri1*, Anubha Palchaudhuri2, Archita Biswas2 1Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA 2Atlanta Health Centre, Kolkata, India *Corresponding author: Sunil Palchaudhuri,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield St, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. Tel: +13135771335; Email: [email protected] Citation:Palchaudhuri S, Palchaudhuri A, Biswas A (2017)Mobile DNA Elements in Shigella flexneri and Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance Crisis. Int J Genom Data Min 01: 111. DOI: 10.29011/2577-0616.000111 Received Date: 18October, 2017; Accepted Date: 23 October, 2017; Published Date: 30 October, 2017 Introduction F Plasmid-Lederberg’s Fertility factor F of E. coli K-12. Prokaryotic mobile DNA elements were initially observed by • 100 Kb. Nobel Prize Winner Professor Barbara McClintock in 1983. Both • ori F-origin of F plasmid replication. (With the sequence for IS and Tn elements are defined as mobile DNA elements capable dna A gene to function) of inserting into many different sites of a single chromosome or different chromosomes as discrete, non-permuted DNA segments • rep-replication functions. [1,2]. In 1952 Dr Joshua Lederberg (a noble prize winner of 1958) • IS-insertion sequence (IS2, IS3 and IS1copies present in the has shown the presence of such elements IS1, IS2, IS3 and Tn host E. coli K-12.
    [Show full text]
  • Eighty Years of Fighting Against Cancer in Serbia Ovarian Cancer Vaccine
    News Eighty years of fighting against cancer Recent study by Kunle Odunsi et al., Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, in Serbia New York, USA, showed an effects of vaccine based on NY-ESO-1, a „cancer This year on December 10th, Serbian society for the fight against cancer has testis“ antigen in preventing the recurrence of ovarian cancer. NY-ESO-1 is a ovarian celebrated the great jubilee - 80 years of its foundation. The celebration took „cancer-testis“ antigen expressed in epithelial cancer (EOC) and is place in Crystal Room of Belgrade’s Hyatt hotel, gathering many distinguished among the most immunogenic tumor antigens defined to date. presence + guests from the country and abroad. This remarkable event has been held Author’s previous study point to the role of of intraepithelial CD8 - under the auspices of the President of Republic of Serbia, Mr. Boris Tadić. infiltrating T lymphocytes in tumors that was associated with improved survival of The whole ceremony was presided by Prof. Dr. Slobodan Čikarić, actual presi- patients with the disease. The NY-ESO-1 peptide epitope, ESO157–170, is recog- + + dent of Society, who greeted guests and wished them a warm welcome. Than nized by HLA-DP4-restricted CD4 T cells and HLA-A2- and A24-restricted CD8 + followed the speech of Serbian health minister, Prof. Dr. Tomica Milosavljević T cells. To test whether providing cognate helper CD4 T cells would enhance who pointed out the importance of preventive measures and public education the antitumor immune response, Odunsi et al., conducted a phase I clinical trial along with timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment in global fight of immunization with ESO157–170 mixed with incomplete Freund's adjuvant + against cancer in Serbia.
    [Show full text]
  • Date: To: September 22, 1 997 Mr Ian Johnston©
    22-SEP-1997 16:36 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 4& 8 6603847 SID 01 NOBELSTIFTELSEN The Nobel Foundation TELEFAX Date: September 22, 1 997 To: Mr Ian Johnston© Company: Executive Office of the Secretary-General Fax no: 0091-2129633511 From: The Nobel Foundation Total number of pages: olO MESSAGE DearMrJohnstone, With reference to your fax and to our telephone conversation, I am enclosing the address list of all Nobel Prize laureates. Yours sincerely, Ingr BergstrSm Mailing address: Bos StU S-102 45 Stockholm. Sweden Strat itddrtSMi Suircfatan 14 Teleptelrtts: (-MB S) 663 » 20 Fsuc (*-«>!) «W Jg 47 22-SEP-1997 16:36 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 46 B S603847 SID 02 22-SEP-1997 16:35 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 46 8 6603847 SID 03 Professor Willis E, Lamb Jr Prof. Aleksandre M. Prokhorov Dr. Leo EsaJki 848 North Norris Avenue Russian Academy of Sciences University of Tsukuba TUCSON, AZ 857 19 Leninskii Prospect 14 Tsukuba USA MSOCOWV71 Ibaraki Ru s s I a 305 Japan 59* c>io Dr. Tsung Dao Lee Professor Hans A. Bethe Professor Antony Hewlsh Department of Physics Cornell University Cavendish Laboratory Columbia University ITHACA, NY 14853 University of Cambridge 538 West I20th Street USA CAMBRIDGE CB3 OHE NEW YORK, NY 10027 England USA S96 014 S ' Dr. Chen Ning Yang Professor Murray Gell-Mann ^ Professor Aage Bohr The Institute for Department of Physics Niels Bohr Institutet Theoretical Physics California Institute of Technology Blegdamsvej 17 State University of New York PASADENA, CA91125 DK-2100 KOPENHAMN 0 STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA D anni ark USA 595 600 613 Professor Owen Chamberlain Professor Louis Neel ' Professor Ben Mottelson 6068 Margarldo Drive Membre de rinstitute Nordita OAKLAND, CA 946 IS 15 Rue Marcel-Allegot Blegdamsvej 17 USA F-92190 MEUDON-BELLEVUE DK-2100 KOPENHAMN 0 Frankrike D an m ar k 599 615 Professor Donald A.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Ps Nobel Prizes for Site BEE 11.18.16 Revised 11.30.17.Pdf
    Nobel Laureates at the College of Physicians and Surgeons For years, College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni, faculty, and researchers have led groundbreaking clinical and basic scientific studies that have transformed our understanding of human biology and advanced the practice of medicine. On many occasions, this work has been honored with the Nobel Prize. The scope of research led by P&S Nobel laureates is tremendous. Although most of our prizewinners were honored for work in physiology or medicine, a few also received the prize for chemistry. Their research has fundamentally shaped the course of numerous fields, including cardiology, neuroscience, genetics, pharmaceutical development, and more. Our Nobel laureates include: André Cournand and Dickinson Richards (P&S’23), whose work at P&S on cardiac catheterization—a method of inserting a tiny tube into the heart—provided the basis for open-heart surgery and interventional cardiology Baruch Blumberg (P&S’51), who discovered the hepatitis B virus and helped develop a test and a vaccine for the virus Joshua Lederberg, a Columbia College and P&S graduate student who showed that bacteria can exchange genes when they reproduce, creating a way to model and study genetics in higher organisms Harold Varmus (P&S’66), who demonstrated how genes in normal human and animal cells can mutate to cause cancer, leading to a new generation of research on the genetic origins of cancer Eric Kandel, current University Professor, who showed how memories are stored in nerve cells, greatly enhancing
    [Show full text]
  • National Conference on Science and the Law Proceedings
    U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice National Conference on Science and the Law Proceedings Research Forum Sponsored by In Collaboration With National Institute of Justice Federal Judicial Center American Academy of Forensic Sciences National Academy of Sciences American Bar Association National Center for State Courts NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND THE LAW Proceedings San Diego, California April 15–16, 1999 Sponsored by: National Institute of Justice American Academy of Forensic Sciences American Bar Association National Center for State Courts In Collaboration With: Federal Judicial Center National Academy of Sciences July 2000 NCJ 179630 Julie E. Samuels Acting Director National Institute of Justice David Boyd, Ph.D. Deputy Director National Institute of Justice Richard M. Rau, Ph.D. Project Monitor Opinions or points of view expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Justice. The National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and Office for Victims of Crime. Preface Preface The intersections of science and law occur from crime scene to crime lab to criminal prosecution and defense. Although detectives, forensic scientists, and attorneys may have different vocabularies and perspectives, from a cognitive perspective, they share a way of thinking that is essential to scientific knowledge. A good detective, a well-trained forensic analyst, and a seasoned attorney all exhibit “what-if” thinking. This kind of thinking in hypotheticals keeps a detective open-minded: it prevents a detective from ignoring or not collecting data that may result in exculpatory evidence.
    [Show full text]
  • Joshua Lederberg 1925–2008
    OBITUARY Joshua Lederberg 1925–2008 James F Crow Joshua Lederberg died on February 2, 2008. Although the immediate around the computer. Meanwhile, he founded a Medical Genetics cause was pneumonia, he had been troubled by a bad back for some Department at Wisconsin, with the then-novel idea that the subject time. With his originality and breadth and depth of knowledge, he involves the genetics of our parasites as well as of ourselves. Another was one of the greatest scientists of the century. indication of his breadth is the active role he played in developing the His precocious intelligence was apparent at an early age, as was his Genetics Citation Index. interest in science. The work that made him famous was begun while In the late 1950s, it was becoming apparent that he was consider- he was a medical student at Columbia University, still in his teens. He ing broader horizons, and in 1959, he moved to found a genetics was inspired by Oswald Avery’s argument for the genetic significance department at Stanford. Although he continued research in bacterial of DNA and by his own observation that antigenic types in Salmonella genetics, the novelty was wearing off. He became more and more seemed to be permutational. Having become convinced that bacteria interested in broader issues and in world problems. He enlisted Carl undergo genetic recombination and deciding that the best labora- Sagan, whom he had met in Wisconsin, to consider space exploration tory in which to further investigate this phenomenon was that of and the search for extraterrestrial signs of life.
    [Show full text]
  • From Controlling Elements to Transposons: Barbara Mcclintock and the Nobel Prize Nathaniel C
    454 Forum TRENDS in Biochemical Sciences Vol.26 No.7 July 2001 Historical Perspective From controlling elements to transposons: Barbara McClintock and the Nobel Prize Nathaniel C. Comfort Why did it take so long for Barbara correspondence. From these and other to prevent her controlling elements from McClintock (Fig. 1) to win the Nobel Prize? materials, we can reconstruct the events moving because their effects were difficult In the mid-1940s, McClintock discovered leading up to the 1983 prize*. to study when they jumped around. She genetic transposition in maize. She What today are known as transposable never had any inclination to pursue the published her results over several years elements, McClintock called ‘controlling biochemistry of transposition. and, in 1951, gave a famous presentation elements’. During the years 1945–1946, at Current understanding of how gene at the Cold Spring Harbor Symposium, the Carnegie Dept of Genetics, Cold activity is regulated, of course, springs yet it took until 1983 for her to win a Nobel Spring Harbor, McClintock discovered a from the operon, François Jacob and Prize. The delay is widely attributed to a pair of genetic loci in maize that seemed to Jacques Monod’s 1960 model of a block of combination of gender bias and gendered trigger spontaneous and reversible structural genes under the control of an science. McClintock’s results were not mutations in what had been ordinary, adjacent set of regulatory genes (Fig. 2). accepted, the story goes, because women stable alleles. In the term of the day, they Though subsequent studies revealed in science are marginalized, because the made stable alleles into ‘mutable’ ones.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nobel Prize in Physiology Or Medicine 2007
    PRESS RELEASE 2007-10-08 The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has today decided to award The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 jointly to Mario R. Capecchi, Martin J. Evans and Oliver Smithies for their discoveries of “principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells” SUMMARY This year’s Nobel Laureates have made a series of ground-breaking discoveries concerning embryonic stem cells and DNA recombination in mammals. Their discoveries led to the creation of an immensely powerful technology referred to as gene targeting in mice. It is now being applied to virtually all areas of biomedicine – from basic research to the development of new therapies. Gene targeting is often used to inactivate single genes. Such gene “knockout” experiments have elucidated the roles of numerous genes in embryonic development, adult physiology, aging and disease. To date, more than ten thousand mouse genes (approximately half of the genes in the mammalian genome) have been knocked out. Ongoing international efforts will make “knockout mice” for all genes available within the near future. With gene targeting it is now possible to produce almost any type of DNA modification in the mouse genome, allowing scientists to establish the roles of individual genes in health and disease. Gene targeting has already produced more than five hundred different mouse models of human disorders, including cardiovascular and neuro-degenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer. Modification of genes by homologous recombination Information about the development and function of our bodies throughout life is carried within the DNA. Our DNA is packaged in chromosomes, which occur in pairs – one inherited from the father and one from the mother.
    [Show full text]
  • Liste Der Nobelpreisträger
    Physiologie Wirtschafts- Jahr Physik Chemie oder Literatur Frieden wissenschaften Medizin Wilhelm Henry Dunant Jacobus H. Emil von Sully 1901 Conrad — van ’t Hoff Behring Prudhomme Röntgen Frédéric Passy Hendrik Antoon Theodor Élie Ducommun 1902 Emil Fischer Ronald Ross — Lorentz Mommsen Pieter Zeeman Albert Gobat Henri Becquerel Svante Niels Ryberg Bjørnstjerne 1903 William Randal Cremer — Pierre Curie Arrhenius Finsen Bjørnson Marie Curie Frédéric John William William Mistral 1904 Iwan Pawlow Institut de Droit international — Strutt Ramsay José Echegaray Adolf von Henryk 1905 Philipp Lenard Robert Koch Bertha von Suttner — Baeyer Sienkiewicz Camillo Golgi Joseph John Giosuè 1906 Henri Moissan Theodore Roosevelt — Thomson Santiago Carducci Ramón y Cajal Albert A. Alphonse Rudyard \Ernesto Teodoro Moneta 1907 Eduard Buchner — Michelson Laveran Kipling Louis Renault Ilja Gabriel Ernest Rudolf Klas Pontus Arnoldson 1908 Metschnikow — Lippmann Rutherford Eucken Paul Ehrlich Fredrik Bajer Theodor Auguste Beernaert Guglielmo Wilhelm Kocher Selma 1909 — Marconi Ostwald Ferdinand Lagerlöf Paul Henri d’Estournelles de Braun Constant Johannes Albrecht Ständiges Internationales 1910 Diderik van Otto Wallach Paul Heyse — Kossel Friedensbüro der Waals Allvar Maurice Tobias Asser 1911 Wilhelm Wien Marie Curie — Gullstrand Maeterlinck Alfred Fried Victor Grignard Gerhart 1912 Gustaf Dalén Alexis Carrel Elihu Root — Paul Sabatier Hauptmann Heike Charles Rabindranath 1913 Kamerlingh Alfred Werner Henri La Fontaine — Robert Richet Tagore Onnes Theodore
    [Show full text]
  • Cover June 2011
    z NOBEL LAUREATES IN Qui DNA RESEARCH n u SANGRAM KESHARI LENKA & CHINMOYEE MAHARANA F 1. Who got the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933) for discovering the famous concept that says chromosomes carry genes? a. Gregor Johann Mendel b. Thomas Hunt Morgan c. Aristotle d. Charles Darwin 5. Name the Nobel laureate (1959) for his discovery of the mechanisms in the biological 2. The concept of Mutations synthesis of ribonucleic acid and are changes in genetic deoxyribonucleic acid? information” awarded him a. Arthur Kornberg b. Har Gobind Khorana the Nobel Prize in 1946: c. Roger D. Kornberg d. James D. Watson a. Hermann Muller b. M.F. Perutz c. James D. Watson 6. Discovery of the DNA double helix fetched them d. Har Gobind Khorana the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1962). a. Francis Crick, James Watson, Rosalind Elsie Franklin b. Francis Crick, James Watson and Maurice Willkins c. James Watson, Maurice Willkins, Rosalind Elsie Franklin 3. Identify the discoverer and d. Maurice Willkins, Rosalind Elsie Franklin and Francis Crick Nobel laureate of 1958 who found DNA in bacteria and viruses. a. Louis Pasteur b. Alexander Fleming c. Joshua Lederberg d. Roger D. Kornberg 4. A direct link between genes and enzymatic reactions, known as the famous “one gene, one enzyme” hypothesis, was put forth by these 7. They developed the theory of genetic regulatory scientists who shared the Nobel Prize in mechanisms, showing how, on a molecular level, Physiology or Medicine, 1958. certain genes are activated and suppressed. Name a. George Wells Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum these famous Nobel laureates of 1965.
    [Show full text]
  • Biographical Notes on Scientists Involved in the Asilomar Process M.J
    International Dimensions of Ethics Education in Science and Engineering Case Study Series: Asilomar Conference on Laboratory Precautions Appendix D: Biographical Notes on Scientists involved in the Asilomar Process M.J. Peterson Version 1, June 2010 Edward A. Adelberg (1920-2009). PhD Yale 1949. Chair of Yale Department of Microbiology 1961-64 and 1970-72; a founding member of Yale Department of Genetics. Deputy Provost for the Biomedical Sciences, 1983-91. Specialist in plasmid biochemistry of E. coli. Ephraim Anderson (1911-2006). M.D., Durham University. Served in the Royal Army Medical Corps during World War II where he developed interests in Epidemiology. Researcher in Enteric Laboratory of the British Public Health Laboratory Service 1947, Deputy Director 1952, Director 1954-1978. Came to public notice for tracing sources of typhoid outbreaks in Zermatt (1963) and Aberdeen (1964). Built on earlier work by Japanese researchers to demonstrate the plasmid-based pathways by which bacteria could spread antibiotic resistance to others and became the world’s leading expert on antibiotic resistance. Also prominent in efforts to limit use of antibiotics in raising animals. Fellow of the Royal Society 1968; Companion of the Order of the British Empire 1976. Eric Ashby, Baron Ashby (1904-1992). Lecturer in Botany, Imperial College London 1931-35; Reader in Botany Bristol University 1935-37; Professor of Botany University of Sydney 1938-1946; Chair of Botany, University of Manchester 1947-50. Turned to administration as President and Vice-Chancellor of Queen's University, Belfast 1950-59; Master of Clare College in Cambridge University 1959-67 and Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University 1967-1969.
    [Show full text]
  • Balcomk41251.Pdf (558.9Kb)
    Copyright by Karen Suzanne Balcom 2005 The Dissertation Committee for Karen Suzanne Balcom Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Discovery and Information Use Patterns of Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine Committee: E. Glynn Harmon, Supervisor Julie Hallmark Billie Grace Herring James D. Legler Brooke E. Sheldon Discovery and Information Use Patterns of Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine by Karen Suzanne Balcom, B.A., M.L.S. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August, 2005 Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my first teachers: my father, George Sheldon Balcom, who passed away before this task was begun, and to my mother, Marian Dyer Balcom, who passed away before it was completed. I also dedicate it to my dissertation committee members: Drs. Billie Grace Herring, Brooke Sheldon, Julie Hallmark and to my supervisor, Dr. Glynn Harmon. They were all teachers, mentors, and friends who lifted me up when I was down. Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my committee: Julie Hallmark, Billie Grace Herring, Jim Legler, M.D., Brooke E. Sheldon, and Glynn Harmon for their encouragement, patience and support during the nine years that this investigation was a work in progress. I could not have had a better committee. They are my enduring friends and I hope I prove worthy of the faith they have always showed in me. I am grateful to Dr.
    [Show full text]