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Watershed Strategies That Cost- Effectively Reduce Drinking Water

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Watershed Strategies That Cost- Effectively Reduce Drinking Water Lorraine W. Krzyzewski, Watershed Strategies that Cost- M.Ed, CPM City of Columbus, Water Protection Effectively Reduce Drinking Coordinator Julie McGill, PE, ENV SP Water Risks CDM Smith November 12, 2015 Presentation Outline . Introduction . City of Columbus Division of Water . Project Approach . Risk identification and strategy framework . Watershed characterization . Water quality modeling . Watershed protection strategies . Implementation plan City of Columbus Division of Water 8.3 16.8 Service Area Billion Billion Gal Gal Parsons Ave. (groundwater) Dublin Rd. Hap Cremean Water Plant Hap Cremean 24.3 Dublin Rd. Billion Water Plant Gal City of Columbus • 49.4 billion gallons in 2014 • 83% surface water Parsons Ave. • Service population 1.16 Water Plant million (groundwater) Source Waters for Columbus, Ohio Upper Scioto River Alum Creek Upper Big Walnut Creek Columbus, OH Parsons Avenue Wellfield (not shown) Watershed Management Section est. 1994 John R. Doutt Upground Reservoir 8.0 billion gal Alum Creek Upper Scioto River Upper Big Walnut . Columbus is 3% Creek of Upper Scioto O'Shaughnessy Reservoir River Watershed Griggs Reservoir Hoover . 1% of Big Walnut 6.2 billion gal Reservoir 20 billion gal Creek Watershed Recent Source Water Concerns . Nitrogen/Phosphorus . 2-week nitrate advisory issued in June . Excess algae growth . taste & odor complaints . microcystin detected in raw water . Atrazine (herbicide) . High cost to feed carbon at water plant . Sediment/Erosion . Reduced reservoir volume Watershed Master Plan Goals . Prioritized and phased plan to: . Cost-effectively reduce risks . Minimize operational costs . Focus efforts of Watershed Management Section . Update Source Water Assessment and Protection (SWAP) Plan Watershed Master Plan Approach Characterize Watershed Risk Define Define Identification & Watershed Implementation Strategy Protection Strategy Framework Strategies Project Existing Water Quality Risk Action Levels 5 Chronic Risk 4 Management (moderate consequence, high likelihood) 3 Likelihood Acute Risk Management Periodic (high consequence, Assessment unpredictable / episodic 2 (low conse- likelihood) quence, low likelihood) 1 Regular Monitoring / Inspection (moderate consequence, low likelihood) 1 2 3 4 5 Consequence Pollutants of Concern Nitrates Phosphorous (HABs & taste/odor) Existing Consequence Cryptosporidium Human Ability to to Source Synthetic organic chemicals Health Risk Treat Water Volatile organic chemicals TOC Other Pathogens TDS/Conductivity Chlorides Atrazine Other Pesticides and Herbicides Operational Turbidity/TSS Recreational Impacts Consequence Radioactive contaminants Use & (HABs, Metals Aquatic Life to Reservoirs capacity) Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCP) Endocrine Disruptors Antimicrobials Activities of Concern Consequence Quantity x Proximity to of pollutant Consequence Intake or of Pollutant Reservoirs discharge (1-5) Discharge Likelihood Frequency Activity Activity of pollutant without Density Frequency semi-quantitative Treatment / discharge Control (1-5) Watershed Master Plan Approach Characterize Watershed Risk Define Define Identification & Watershed Implementation Strategy Protection Strategy Framework Strategies Project Existing Water Quality Characterize chronic / long-term sources in Source Water Protection Area (SWPA) • Upper Big Walnut Creek – 195 sq mi – Row Crops 47% – Forest 25% – Hay/Pasture 13% – Developed Open Space 8% – Developed 3% • Upper Scioto River – 1068 sq mi – Row Crops 70% – Developed 8% – Forest 7% – Developed Open Space 7% – Pasture 6% Home Sewage Treatment Systems (HSTS) • 18,500 HSTS in Upper Scioto River watershed • 12,600 HSTS in HSTS Upper Big Walnut 14 Creek watershed Characterize acute / spill threats in Corridor Management Zone (CMZ) . Corridor Management Zone (CMZ): area that warrants detailed inventory because spills or discharges can be quickly introduced to source water . Emergency Management Zone (EMZ): area immediately upstream of intake where there is little to no time to react Subwatershed Acute Risk Score 15 Characterize acute / spill threats in Corridor Management Zone (CMZ) Dublin Rd. Water Plant 16 Spill Report History (2005-2015) . Geocoded from Ohio EPA Emergency Response data . 686 reported spills . 65% Franklin Co. 11% reported by owner Reported Spill Watershed Master Plan Approach Characterize Watershed Risk Define Define Identification & Watershed Implementation Strategy Protection Strategy Framework Strategies Project Existing Water Quality Water Quality Modeling . HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran) . Constituent loadings . Land-based . Major WWTPs . Home sewage treatment systems (HSTS) . 2006-2010 . Validated using existing sampling data USGS, Map showing sub-basins and corresponding reach-reservoirs used in the HSPF model of the Upper Scioto River Basin, Ohio Model Characterization: Scioto Model Characterization: Big Walnut Model Characterization: Future Water Quality Basin 15 - TSS • Year 2035 120 – 14% of agricultural land converts to developed 100 – Impervious cover 80 increases from 5% to 14% 60 • 26% increase in solids TSS (mg/l)TSS • 16% increase in Total P 40 • 10% increase in total N 20 0 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100% Percent of Time Concentration is Exceeded Existing Future 22 Watershed Master Plan Approach Characterize Watershed Risk Define Define Identification & Watershed Implementation Strategy Protection Strategy Framework Strategies Project Existing Water Quality Dublin Road Water Plant: Agricultural Risks to Source Water Dublin Road Water Plant: Material Storage/Transport Risks to Source Water Priorities for Watershed Management Dublin Road Water Plant Hap Cremean Water Plant Category Activities of Concern Source Water Reservoirs Source Water Reservoirs Agriculture Row crops Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Manure Application Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Acute Risk Tiling/Drainage Ditch Construction Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Pasture/grazing Periodic Assessment Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Livestock stream access Periodic Assessment Chronic Risk Monitor / Inspect Chronic Risk Urban Yard / Landscape Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Development Untreated Impervious Cover Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Street / Pavement Mgt. & Deicing Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Construction Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Golf Courses Monitor / Inspect Chronic Risk Monitor / Inspect Chronic Risk Waste Failing Leach Field / Mound Systems Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Management Failing Discharging / Aerator Systems Acute Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Solid waste (collection) Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Monitor / Inspect Pet waste Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk POTWs Acute Risk Acute Risk Acute Risk Acute Risk CSO/SSO Acute Risk Monitor / Inspect Monitor / Inspect Monitor / Inspect Solid waste facilities (scrap yards) Acute Risk Monitor / Inspect Monitor / Inspect Monitor / Inspect Material Commercial/Industrial Facilities Acute Risk Monitor / Inspect Acute Risk Monitor / Inspect Storage / Major Roadways Acute Risk Monitor / Inspect Acute Risk Monitor / Inspect Transport Railways Acute Risk Monitor / Inspect Monitor / Inspect Monitor / Inspect Above Ground Storage Acute Risk Monitor / Inspect Monitor / Inspect Monitor / Inspect Oil and Gas Wells and Pipelines Acute Risk Periodic Assessment Acute Risk Monitor / Inspect Degraded Habitat Loss Acute Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Natural Streambank Erosion & Entrenchment Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Resources Limited Stewardship Chronic Risk Periodic Assessment Chronic Risk Chronic Risk Wildlife wastes (e.g., geese) Periodic Assessment Periodic Assessment Chronic Risk Chronic Risk 26 Marinas & Other Leased Activities Monitor / Inspect Periodic Assessment Monitor / Inspect Chronic Risk Watershed Master Plan Approach Characterize Watershed Risk Define Define Identification & Watershed Implementation Strategy Protection Strategy Framework Strategies Project Existing Water Quality Watershed Protection Tools Practices Strategies (City) (Owners/Operators) . Collaboration Drinking Water . Good housekeeping Consumer Interests . Education . Spill prevention & . Regulation response . Incentives . Activity Conservation Impacted Owner / . Capital Party . Water quality Operator Interests Interests Improvements controls . Structural . Non-Structural Regulator Interests Strategies Targeted to Five Groups of High-Risk Watershed Activities Natural Resource Land Material Uses/ Activities Handling Urban Land Agricultural Waste Uses/ Land Uses/ Disposal Activities Activities Strategies Build on Interrelationships between Stakeholder Interests Natural Resource Land Uses/ Activities Material Handling Like- Like- Minded Minded Opposed Opposed Agricultural Urban Land Land Uses/ Uses/ Activities Activities Waste Disposal Watershed Master Plan Organization Tier 1 – Watershed-Level COLLABORATIVE Strategies PLANNING STRATEGY Tier 2 – Activity-Level EDUCATION REGULATORY Strategies INCENTIVE STRATEGIES STRATEGIES STRATEGIES • Material Handling • Waste Disposal • Urban Runoff CAPITAL INVESTMENT OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES STRATEGIES • Agricultural Runoff • Natural Resource Protection / Restoration Tier 3 – Internal DOW WATERSHED SUPPORT Strategies SERVICES Recommended Collaborative Planning Strategy . Establish Watershed Collaborative . Identify baseline conditions, programs . Confirm, prioritize AOCs, objectives . Select early-action sub-watershed . Guide BMP selection, implementation . Educate for watershed awareness 32 Watershed Master Plan Status . Watershed Master Plan completion: Early 2016 . Interviewing stakeholders and potential partners . Evaluating target pollutant reduction levels and costs/benefit of watershed protection 33 Questions? Acknowledgements: City of Columbus, Department of Public Utilities CDM Smith Biohabitats Inc. CCI Engineering Services Chester Engineers Donahue IDEAS MAD Scientist Associates OSU Extension Stantec columbus.gov/watershed.
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