Representations of Queer Women of Colour in Contemporary Fiction and Graphic Narratives
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ORBIT - Online Repository of Birkbeck Institutional Theses Enabling Open Access to Birkbecks Research Degree output Misdirection : representations of queer women of colour in contemporary fiction and graphic narratives http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/196/ Version: Full Version Citation: Earle, Monalesia (2016) Misdirection : representations of queer women of colour in contemporary fiction and graphic narratives. PhD thesis, Birkbeck, University of London. c 2016 The Author(s) All material available through ORBIT is protected by intellectual property law, including copyright law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Deposit guide Contact: email Misdirection: Representations of Queer Women of Colour in Contemporary Fiction and Graphic Narratives Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Birkbeck Monalesia Earle Birkbeck, University of London 1 Declaration I, Monalesia Earle, declare that this thesis is all my own work. Signed declaration _________________________________ Date __________________________ 2 Abstract This thesis examines the notion of misdirection and queer women of colour representation in contemporary fiction and graphic narratives. Its aim is to analyse the gaps in discursive debates that overlook or minimise queer women of colour subjectivities. In so doing, it develops new lines of critical enquiry that bring into dialogue recurring themes of race, gender, class, homophobia, sexual violence and trauma. The thesis discusses five texts published between 1982 and 2008, opening up critical pathways into the interrogation of intersecting oppressions that limit and/or completely eradicate the voices and realities of queer women of colour. Developing the notion of misdirection as both an analytical and performative tool that problematises ‘difference’, this thesis shows that through contemporary framings, queer women of colour representation in literary fiction and comics/graphic narratives can be liberated from the cultural hegemony of white- centric paradigms. By adding the visual dimension of graphic narratives/comics to unpack the sometimes explicit, but more often than not, coded messages regarding the subaltern in literary fiction, this thesis places within a contemporary context trauma narratives that fail to adequately address the unique experiences of queer women of colour. 3 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... 7 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 9 Unmasking the canon – in search of our queer(y)ing sisters ................................. 10 Challenging the privileged narrative ...................................................................... 12 Multiple and changing contexts ............................................................................. 14 The souls of queer folks ......................................................................................... 17 (Re)inscribing queer women of colour .................................................................. 22 Chapter 1: Misdirection - situating the subversive voice in critical context .............. 26 Queer(y)ing representation: methodology ............................................................. 31 Queer(ed) epistemological frames ......................................................................... 34 Graphically drawn .................................................................................................. 37 Fictional Lives ........................................................................................................ 41 Graphic Incursions ................................................................................................. 45 Chapter summaries ................................................................................................. 47 Chapter 2: Women of Colour in Queer(ed) Space: Ann-Marie MacDonald’s Fall on Your Knees (1997) ...................................................................................................... 52 The ties that bind .................................................................................................... 55 Women of Colour in queer(ed) space .................................................................... 57 ‘Seeing’—from where we’re standing: intimate relationships in Fall on Your Knees ...................................................................................................................... 61 Betrayal .................................................................................................................. 63 Phallocentric Rings: the heterosexual imperative in private/public space ............. 71 Rosaries and the glory of God ................................................................................ 78 Resistance in eighths and half notes ....................................................................... 81 The racial imperative: race and self-loathing ......................................................... 85 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 94 Chapter 3: Queer(y)ing the Punk Aesthetic: Reading Race, Desire, and Anarchism in Cristy C. Road’s Bad Habits (2008) .......................................................................... 95 Auto(bio)graphics .................................................................................................. 96 Bad Habits in graphic relief ................................................................................. 104 Graphic beginnings .............................................................................................. 108 Queer(ed) exile ..................................................................................................... 110 All ‘Road(s)’ lead back to the beginning ............................................................. 113 Critically (black) punk ......................................................................................... 118 Experience as cultural representation – a signifying dialogue ............................. 123 Revolutionary contradictions ............................................................................... 125 Intersecting refrains – punk’s G-spot ................................................................... 128 Resignifying the phallus ....................................................................................... 131 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 136 Chapter 4: Narrating the Margins: Queer Words and Sexual Trauma in the ‘Gutter’ - Gloria Naylor’s The Women of Brewster Place (1982) ........................................... 138 Where the margins are – Naylor’s walled city ..................................................... 140 Shifting the frame ................................................................................................. 143 Crossroads ............................................................................................................ 147 Graphic imagery ................................................................................................... 153 4 Prelude to a rape ................................................................................................... 157 The alley ............................................................................................................... 162 The rape ................................................................................................................ 166 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 175 Chapter 5: Critical Meditations on Love and Madness in the Third Space - Emma Pérez’s Gulf Dreams (1996) ..................................................................................... 177 Women, psychiatry, and madness ........................................................................ 179 Theorising space ................................................................................................... 185 Where madness begins – threading the narrative ................................................. 190 Beginnings ............................................................................................................ 196 Divisions .............................................................................................................. 200 Madness, mestiza, memory .................................................................................. 205 Naming as witness ................................................................................................ 209 Resistance madly writ .......................................................................................... 213 Borderlands .......................................................................................................... 216 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 219 Chapter 6: Body Crossings: Gender, Signifying, and Misdirection in Jaime Cortez’s Sexile/Sexilio (2004) ................................................................................................. 221 Critical (trans)nationalisms .................................................................................. 224 Theorising the