DOCSLIB.ORG

Biogeography and Phylogeography of Mammals of Southeast Asia: a Comparative Analysis Utilizing Macro and Microevolutionby

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biogeography and Phylogeography of Mammals of Southeast Asia: a Comparative Analysis Utilizing Macro and Microevolutionby Instructions for Mac Users BIOGEOGRAPHY AND PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF MAMMALS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS UTILIZING MACRO AND MICROEVOLUTIONBY Melissa T.R. Hawkins A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Biology Committee: _________________________________________Dr. Larry L. Rockwood, Dissertation Director _________________________________________Dr. Jesús E. Maldonado, Committee Member _________________________________________Dr. Kristofer M. Helgen, Committee Member _________________________________________Dr. Elizabeth Freeman, Committee Member _________________________________________Dr. Lee Talbot, Committee Member _________________________________________Dr. Albert Torzilli, Graduate Program Director _________________________________________Dr. Robert Jonas, Department Chairperson _________________________________________Dr. Donna Fox, Associate Dean, Student Affairs & Special Programs, College of Science _________________________________________Dr. Peggy Agouris, Dean, College of Science Date: __________________________________Summer 2015 George Mason University Fairfax, VA Biogeography and Phylogeography of mammals of Southeast Asia: A comparative analysis utilizing macro and microevolution A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at George Mason University by Melissa T.R. Hawkins Masters of Science Western Illinois University, 2009 Bachelors of Science Western Illinois University, 2007 Director: Larry L. Rockwood, Professor Department of Biology Summer Semester 2015 George Mason University Fairfax, VA This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution-noderivs 3.0 unported license. ii DEDICATION This is dedicated to my family, present and future, and to those who motivate me to explore and preserve where the wild things are. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The list of whom to thank for the tremendous amount of support I have received over the past six years is immense, and here I will try to recount each person. First and foremost, Dr. Jesus E. Maldonado has been an amazing mentor, ever present, and always encouraging me though thick and thin to do the best work possible. Without his support this dissertation would have had a very different outcome. He has believed in me more than almost any other person, and for this I will be forever grateful. Not only is Jesus an incredible advisor, but such a genuine and amazing person, and I will always aspire to be as caring a mentor as he. Dr. Larry Rockwood has also supported me since my first days at GMU. He took me under his wing my first semester, and allowed me to serve as the teaching assistant for his undergraduate ecology course. Larry has always been encouraging, interested in my ambitious dissertation plans, assisted with various technical and logistical situations through the university, and always happy to just catch up, and for all these reasons I’m very grateful. Dr. Kristofer M. Helgen has taught me about mammals, biodiversity, and so much more. I knew nothing about museums when I started at the National Museum of Natural History, and because of him I now have a deep appreciation and understanding of these incredible natural history repositories. Kris has an unrivaled knowledge of all things mammal, and I hope to have rubbed off just a fraction of that information and passion. I have learned more than I can recount from Kris, but some of the most obvious skills include professional presentation, educational outreach, social media communication, collaboration, and importantly field skills. He is the ultimate tour giver, and in my opinion, the Steve Jobs of mammalogy. Dr. Jennifer A. Leonard funded almost all the research for my dissertation, with several large grants from the Spanish government. She has allowed me to develop the different chapters of my dissertation however I wanted, and to focus on the groups most interesting to me. Jen has found a way to keep me on a research assistantship for five years, funded my attendance at workshops, and paid for two international field expeditions to Borneo, which were experiences I will forever cherish. I would like to thank my committee members; Dr. Elizabeth Freeman has been supportive of this research throughout my time at GMU. Dr. Lee Talbot has also been an inspiring instructor, who always has a great story to tell, and has been very supportive of my research. I have been fortunate to be part of several laboratory groups, including the Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics (CCEG), the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Division of Mammals, and the Conservation and iv Evolutionary Genetics Group (CEGG), Sevilla, Spain. Each of these lab groups has given me support and advice on various aspects of my research. The CCEG has served as my home base for the tenure of my dissertation research. I have learned all aspects of high-throughput sequencing here, and have made many lasting friendships. Dr. Robert Fleischer and I met for the first time in 2008 (of all things, looking for a bilateral gynandromorph cardinal in Central Illinois), and supported my joining of the lab group. Nancy McInerney Rotzel, Taylor Callicrate, Carly Muletz Wolz, Anna Savage, Ellen Martinsen, Andreanna Welch, Heather Lerner, Frank Hailer, and Marissa Aherling have all helped me with some aspect of my research through my dissertation. Courtney Hofman and I started our dissertation tenure in fall 2009, and we have learned so many things together, and she has always been there for me. Tammy Wilbert, Lilly Parker, Molly McDonough, Rebecca Dikow, Mirian Tsuchiya, Klaus Koepfli, Eliecer Gutierrez, and Michael Campana have all participated in significant discussions or served as collaborators on a diversity of projects. I appreciate all the friendships and help I have received from so many of these amazing people. The Division of Mammals has long supported the field initiatives of my dissertation, especially Darrin Lunde, who is always ready to talk fieldwork. Esther Langan, Nicole Edmison, Maya Yamato, E. Grace Veatch, Suzy Peurach, Louise Emmons and many others have helped me in various ways. The CEGG group in Spain has also been supportive of this research, particularly Carles Vila, Anna Cornellas, and Violeta Munoz-Fuentes. Miguel Camacho-Sanchez has also done his PhD in parallel to mine, including both field expeditions; the expeditions would not have been possible without our combined efforts. The field work component of this dissertation would not have been possible without the support of Robert Stuebing, Fred Sheldon, Maklarin Lakin, Fred Tuh, Justin Sator, Paul Yambum, and all the hard working Malaysian porters and technicians. Rose Ragai was an amazing field assistant, and deserves special recognition. From GMU, Ryan Valdez, Jennifer Mickelberg, and Mike Hallworth are thanked for assistance and support. Several administrative staff have helped me with all the strange requests from the international funding, and I’d like to thank Rosslyn Cress and Joanne Andersen for their help. This research has been funded by the Spanish Government (CSIC), the Smithsonian Institution (Grand Challenges, Small Grants), the American Society of Mammalogists (Grants-in-aid, Travel), and George Mason University (Department of Biology, Graduate Student Travel Fund). My friends and family are a big reason for my success here, and although they may not fully understand what it is I do, they have constantly supported me. My parents Jan and Joe Roberts, and my sister Nikki Blaesing have always been proud of me, and always let me ramble on about genetics while patiently smiling and nodding, and I thank them for that! Rick and Marilyn Hawkins have also been very supportive of my research, even though it took their son far from home. I want to thank my high school AP biology teacher, Bill Donato, for sparking my interest in biology. Michael Romano also encouraged me to continue past my master’s degree, and I thank him for that. v Finally, my husband and best friend, Lyndon, has dealt with so much during the six years since I dragged him from the Midwest to Virginia, including me leaving for months at a time to do field work. Never once has he asked me to pass up an opportunity, even when he hasn’t been able to join. I’m incredibly lucky to have such an amazing person to spend my life with, and it has been a great adventure so far! I apologize to anyone I have forgotten, it is not from your lack of impact on my dissertation, solely a lack of memory on my part. I wouldn’t do anything different if given the opportunity to start over again, and am so lucky that I have countless amazing people in my life. This has been an incredibly experience, and I’ll forever cherish these years. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables .................................................................................................................... xii List of Figures .................................................................................................................. xiii List of Abbreviations and/or Symbols .............................................................................. xv Abstract ............................................................................................................................ xvi Chapter 1 – Introduction ....................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gliding Dragons and Flying Squirrels: Diversifying Versus Stabilizing Selection on Morphology Following the Evolution of an Innovation
    vol. 195, no. 2 the american naturalist february 2020 E-Article Gliding Dragons and Flying Squirrels: Diversifying versus Stabilizing Selection on Morphology following the Evolution of an Innovation Terry J. Ord,1,* Joan Garcia-Porta,1,† Marina Querejeta,2,‡ and David C. Collar3 1. Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and the School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia; 2. Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC–Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37–49, Barcelona 08003, Spain; 3. Department of Organismal and Environmental Biology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606 Submitted August 1, 2018; Accepted July 16, 2019; Electronically published December 17, 2019 Online enhancements: supplemental material. Dryad data: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.t7g227h. fi abstract: Evolutionary innovations and ecological competition are eral de nitions of what represents an innovation have been factors often cited as drivers of adaptive diversification. Yet many offered (reviewed by Rabosky 2017), this classical descrip- innovations result in stabilizing rather than diversifying selection on tion arguably remains the most useful (Galis 2001; Stroud morphology, and morphological disparity among coexisting species and Losos 2016; Rabosky 2017). Hypothesized innovations can reflect competitive exclusion (species sorting) rather than sympat- have drawn considerable attention among ecologists and ric adaptive divergence (character displacement). We studied the in- evolutionary biologists because they can expand the range novation of gliding in dragons (Agamidae) and squirrels (Sciuridae) of ecological niches occupied within communities. In do- and its effect on subsequent body size diversification. We found that gliding either had no impact (squirrels) or resulted in strong stabilizing ing so, innovations are thought to be important engines of selection on body size (dragons).
    [Show full text]
  • Sabah REDD+ Roadmap Is a Guidance to Press Forward the REDD+ Implementation in the State, in Line with the National Development
    Study on Economics of River Basin Management for Sustainable Development on Biodiversity and Ecosystems Conservation in Sabah (SDBEC) Final Report Contents P The roject for Develop for roject Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the Study .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Detailed Work Plan ...................................................................................................... 1 ing 1.4 Implementation Schedule ............................................................................................. 3 Inclusive 1.5 Expected Outputs ......................................................................................................... 4 Government for for Government Chapter 2 Rural Development and poverty in Sabah ........................................................... 5 2.1 Poverty in Sabah and Malaysia .................................................................................... 5 2.2 Policy and Institution for Rural Development and Poverty Eradication in Sabah ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.3 Issues in the Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation from Perspective of Bangladesh in Corporation City Biodiversity
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Mammals of Indonesia
    CHECKLIST OF THE MAMMALS OF INDONESIA Scientific, English, Indonesia Name and Distribution Area Table in Indonesia Including CITES, IUCN and Indonesian Category for Conservation i ii CHECKLIST OF THE MAMMALS OF INDONESIA Scientific, English, Indonesia Name and Distribution Area Table in Indonesia Including CITES, IUCN and Indonesian Category for Conservation By Ibnu Maryanto Maharadatunkamsi Anang Setiawan Achmadi Sigit Wiantoro Eko Sulistyadi Masaaki Yoneda Agustinus Suyanto Jito Sugardjito RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES (LIPI) iii © 2019 RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY, INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES (LIPI) Cataloging in Publication Data. CHECKLIST OF THE MAMMALS OF INDONESIA: Scientific, English, Indonesia Name and Distribution Area Table in Indonesia Including CITES, IUCN and Indonesian Category for Conservation/ Ibnu Maryanto, Maharadatunkamsi, Anang Setiawan Achmadi, Sigit Wiantoro, Eko Sulistyadi, Masaaki Yoneda, Agustinus Suyanto, & Jito Sugardjito. ix+ 66 pp; 21 x 29,7 cm ISBN: 978-979-579-108-9 1. Checklist of mammals 2. Indonesia Cover Desain : Eko Harsono Photo : I. Maryanto Third Edition : December 2019 Published by: RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY, INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES (LIPI). Jl Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16911 Telp: 021-87907604/87907636; Fax: 021-87907612 Email: [email protected] . iv PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION This book is a third edition of checklist of the Mammals of Indonesia. The new edition provides remarkable information in several ways compare to the first and second editions, the remarks column contain the abbreviation of the specific island distributions, synonym and specific location. Thus, in this edition we are also corrected the distribution of some species including some new additional species in accordance with the discovery of new species in Indonesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Endemism and Diversity of Small Mammals Along Two Neighboring Bornean Mountains
    Endemism and diversity of small mammals along two neighboring Bornean mountains Miguel Camacho-Sanchez1,2,*, Melissa T.R. Hawkins3,4,5,*, Fred Tuh Yit Yu6, Jesus E. Maldonado3 and Jennifer A. Leonard1 1 Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain 2 CiBIO—Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal 3 Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, USA 5 Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA 6 Sabah Parks, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Mountains offer replicated units with large biotic and abiotic gradients in a reduced spatial scale. This transforms them into well-suited scenarios to evaluate biogeographic theories. Mountain biogeography is a hot topic of research and many theories have been proposed to describe the changes in biodiversity with elevation. Geometric constraints, which predict the highest diversity to occur in mid-elevations, have been a focal part of this discussion. Despite this, there is no general theory to explain these patterns, probably because of the interaction among different predictors with the local effects of historical factors. We characterize the diversity of small non-volant mammals across the elevational gradient on Mount (Mt.) Kinabalu (4,095 m) and Mt. Tambuyukon (2,579 m), two neighboring mountains in Borneo, Malaysia. We documented a decrease in species richness with elevation which deviates from expectations of the geometric constraints and suggests that spatial Submitted 14 February 2018 Accepted 9 September 2019 factors (e.g., larger diversity in larger areas) are important.
    [Show full text]
  • TITLE Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Program: Malaysia 1995
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 405 265 SO 026 916 TITLE Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Program: Malaysia 1995. Participants' Reports. INSTITUTION Center for International Education (ED), Washington, DC.; Malaysian-American Commission on Educational Exchange, Kuala Lumpur. PUB DATE 95 NOTE 321p.; Some images will not reproduce clearly. PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom Use (055) Reports Descriptive (141) Collected Works General (020) EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PC13 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Area Studies; *Asian History; *Asian Studies; Cultural Background; Culture; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign Countries; Foreign Culture; *Global Education; Human Geography; Instructional Materials; *Non Western Civilization; Social Studies; *World Geography; *World History IDENTIFIERS Fulbright Hays Seminars Abroad Program; *Malaysia ABSTRACT These reports and lesson plans were developed by teachers and coordinators who traveled to Malaysia during the summer of 1995 as part of the U.S. Department of Education's Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Program. Sections of the report include:(1) "Gender and Economics: Malaysia" (Mary C. Furlong);(2) "Malaysia: An Integrated, Interdisciplinary Social Studies Unit for Middle School/High School Students" (Nancy K. Hof);(3) "Malaysian Adventure: The Cultural Diversity of Malaysia" (Genevieve M. Homiller);(4) "Celebrating Cultural Diversity: The Traditional Malay Marriage Ritual" (Dorene H. James);(5) "An Introduction of Malaysia: A Mini-unit for Sixth Graders" (John F. Kennedy); (6) "Malaysia: An Interdisciplinary Unit in English Literature and Social Studies" (Carol M. Krause);(7) "Malaysia and the Challenge of Development by the Year 2020" (Neale McGoldrick);(8) "The Iban: From Sea Pirates to Dwellers of the Rain Forest" (Margaret E. Oriol);(9) "Vision 2020" (Louis R. Price);(10) "Sarawak for Sale: A Simulation of Environmental Decision Making in Malaysia" (Kathleen L.
    [Show full text]
  • Quaternary Murid Rodents of Timor Part I: New Material of Coryphomys Buehleri Schaub, 1937, and Description of a Second Species of the Genus
    QUATERNARY MURID RODENTS OF TIMOR PART I: NEW MATERIAL OF CORYPHOMYS BUEHLERI SCHAUB, 1937, AND DESCRIPTION OF A SECOND SPECIES OF THE GENUS K. P. APLIN Australian National Wildlife Collection, CSIRO Division of Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra and Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]) K. M. HELGEN Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington and Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]) BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Number 341, 80 pp., 21 figures, 4 tables Issued July 21, 2010 Copyright E American Museum of Natural History 2010 ISSN 0003-0090 CONTENTS Abstract.......................................................... 3 Introduction . ...................................................... 3 The environmental context ........................................... 5 Materialsandmethods.............................................. 7 Systematics....................................................... 11 Coryphomys Schaub, 1937 ........................................... 11 Coryphomys buehleri Schaub, 1937 . ................................... 12 Extended description of Coryphomys buehleri............................ 12 Coryphomys musseri, sp.nov.......................................... 25 Description.................................................... 26 Coryphomys, sp.indet.............................................. 34 Discussion . ....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia
    Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia Submitted in accordance with Foreign Assistance Act Sections 118/119 February 20, 2004 Prepared for USAID/Indonesia Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 3-5 Jakarta 10110 Indonesia Prepared by Steve Rhee, M.E.Sc. Darrell Kitchener, Ph.D. Tim Brown, Ph.D. Reed Merrill, M.Sc. Russ Dilts, Ph.D. Stacey Tighe, Ph.D. Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................................. i List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. v List of Figures............................................................................................................................... vii Acronyms....................................................................................................................................... ix Executive Summary.................................................................................................................... xvii 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................1- 1 2. Legislative and Institutional Structure Affecting Biological Resources...............................2 - 1 2.1 Government of Indonesia................................................................................................2 - 2 2.1.1 Legislative Basis for Protection and Management of Biodiversity and
    [Show full text]
  • M.V. Solita's Passage Notes
    M.V. SOLITA’S PASSAGE NOTES SABAH BORNEO, MALAYSIA Updated August 2014 1 CONTENTS General comments Visas 4 Access to overseas funds 4 Phone and Internet 4 Weather 5 Navigation 5 Geographical Observations 6 Flags 10 Town information Kota Kinabalu 11 Sandakan 22 Tawau 25 Kudat 27 Labuan 31 Sabah Rivers Kinabatangan 34 Klias 37 Tadian 39 Pura Pura 40 Maraup 41 Anchorages 42 2 Sabah is one of the 13 Malaysian states and with Sarawak, lies on the northern side of the island of Borneo, between the Sulu and South China Seas. Sabah and Sarawak cover the northern coast of the island. The lower two‐thirds of Borneo is Kalimantan, which belongs to Indonesia. The area has a fascinating history, and probably because it is on one of the main trade routes through South East Asia, Borneo has had many masters. Sabah and Sarawak were incorporated into the Federation of Malaysia in 1963 and Malaysia is now regarded a safe and orderly Islamic country. Sabah has a diverse ethnic population of just over 3 million people with 32 recognised ethnic groups. The largest of these is the Malays (these include the many different cultural groups that originally existed in their own homeland within Sabah), Chinese and “non‐official immigrants” (mainly Filipino and Indonesian). In recent centuries piracy was common here, but it is now generally considered relatively safe for cruising. However, the nearby islands of Southern Philippines have had some problems with militant fundamentalist Muslim groups – there have been riots and violence on Mindanao and the Tawi Tawi Islands and isolated episodes of kidnapping of people from Sabah in the past 10 years or so.
    [Show full text]
  • FUNAMBULUS SPP., the STRIPED PALM SQUIRRELS 21.1 the Living Animal 21.1.1 Zoology the Striped Palm Squirrels Are Small Rodents W
    CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE FUNAMBULUS SPP., THE STRIPED PALM SQUIRRELS 21.1 The Living Animal 21.1.1 Zoology The striped palm squirrels are small rodents with a head and body length of about 13–15 cm, and a tail which is slightly longer than the body (Plate 29). The two common species of South Asia are the three-striped or southern Indian palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum) with three white stripes running along its dark brown back, and the fi ve-striped or northern Indian palm squirrel (F. pennanti) with two additional white stripes running on the fl anks, parallel to the three dorsal stripes.1 The most important difference between the two spe- cies is that the fi ve-striped squirrel is essentially commensal with man. It has become almost as dependent on man for food and shelter as house rats and mice, and lives in crowded towns, cities and villages where it shelters in houses, gardens, groves, hedges and in roadside trees. The three-striped squirrel, on the contrary, is a forest animal. It has a particularly shrill bird-like call which it repeats again and again, accompanied by quick jerks of its tail. Both species inhabit the Indian peninsula from the base of the Himalayas southwards, but the fi ve-striped squirrel is more common in northern India, particularly in the drier and more arid portions and extends into the dry plains of the South. The three-striped squirrel predominates in the South, and in the moister parts of western and eastern India. Both species may, however, occur in the same area.
    [Show full text]
  • Diverse Nectar Robbers on Alpinia Roxburghii Sweet (Zingiberaceae)
    Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 8 (2015) 238e241 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/japb Short communication Diverse nectar robbers on Alpinia roxburghii Sweet (Zingiberaceae) Xiaobao Deng a, Wen Deng b, Alice Catherine Hughes c, Dharmalingam Mohandass a,* a Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun Town, Yunnan, PR China b Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China c Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun Town, Yunnan, PR China article info abstract Article history: This study records for the first time three mammal species as nectar robbers on the ginger Alpinia Received 29 April 2015 roxburghii Sweet. We examined the behavior of nectar robbers and compared with earlier studies on a Received in revised form single plant species. We recorded seven species of nectar robbers: three squirrels, one bird, and three 29 July 2015 bees. Timing of robbing nectars were similar; however, robbing behavior differed among robbers. In Accepted 30 July 2015 particular, squirrels damaged the flower parts while robbing the nectar. Available online 18 August 2015 Copyright Ó 2015, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// Keywords: animal behavior creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). ginger plant mammal-nectar robbers tropical seasonal rainforest Introduction studied in detail. Therefore, nectar robbers on ginger species could be a relevant topic to understand ecological consequences.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny, Biogeography and Systematic Revision of Plain Long-Nosed Squirrels (Genus Dremomys, Nannosciurinae) Q ⇑ Melissa T.R
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94 (2016) 752–764 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogeny, biogeography and systematic revision of plain long-nosed squirrels (genus Dremomys, Nannosciurinae) q ⇑ Melissa T.R. Hawkins a,b,c,d, , Kristofer M. Helgen b, Jesus E. Maldonado a,b, Larry L. Rockwood e, Mirian T.N. Tsuchiya a,b,d, Jennifer A. Leonard c a Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, National Zoological Park, Washington DC 20008, USA b Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington DC 20013-7012, USA c Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n, Sevilla 41092, Spain d George Mason University, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 20030, USA e George Mason University, Department of Biology, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 20030, USA article info abstract Article history: The plain long-nosed squirrels, genus Dremomys, are high elevation species in East and Southeast Asia. Received 25 March 2015 Here we present a complete molecular phylogeny for the genus based on nuclear and mitochondrial Revised 19 October 2015 DNA sequences. Concatenated mitochondrial and nuclear gene trees were constructed to determine Accepted 20 October 2015 the tree topology, and date the tree. All speciation events within the plain-long nosed squirrels (genus Available online 31 October 2015 Dremomys) were ancient (dated to the Pliocene or Miocene), and averaged older than many speciation events in the related Sunda squirrels, genus Sundasciurus.
    [Show full text]
  • Novltates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y
    AMERICAN MUSEUM Novltates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 3064, 34 pp., 8 figures, 2 tables June 10, 1993 Philippine Rodents: Chromosomal Characteristics and Their Significance for Phylogenetic Inference Among 13 Species (Rodentia: Muridae: Murinae) ERIC A. RICKART1 AND GUY G. MUSSER2 ABSTRACT Karyotypes are reported for 13 murines be- bers of 50 and 88, respectively, indicating longing to the endemic Philippine genera Apomys, substantial chromosomal variability within that Archboldomys, Batomys, Bullimus, Chrotomys, genus. Archboldomys (2N = 26, FN = 43) has an Phloeomys, and Rhynchomys, and the widespread aberrant sex chromosome system and a karyotype genus Rattus. The karyotype of Phloeomys cum- that is substantially different from other taxa stud- ingi (2N = 44, FN = 66) differs from that of P. ied. The karyotype ofBullimus bagobus (2N = 42, pallidus (2N = 40, FN = 60), and both are chro- FN = ca. 58) is numerically similar to that of the mosomally distinct from other taxa examined. Two native Rattus everetti and the two non-native spe- species of Batomys (2N = 52), Chrotomys gon- cies ofRattus, R. tanezumi and R. exulans. Chro- zalesi (2N = 44), Rhynchomys isarogensis (2N = mosomal data corroborate some phylogenetic re- 44), and Apomys musculus (2N = 42) have FN = lationships inferred from morphology, and support 52-53 and a predominance of telocentric chro- the hypothesis that the Philippine murid fauna is mosomes. Two other species ofApomys have dip- composed of separate clades representing inde- loid numbers of30 and 44, and fundamental num- pendent ancestral invasions of the archipelago. INTRODUCTION The Philippine Islands support a remark- Heaney and Rickart, 1990; Musser and Hea- ably diverse murine rodent fauna, including ney, 1992).
    [Show full text]