DOCSLIB.ORG

© Copyrighted Material by PRO-ED, Inc

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
© Copyrighted Material by PRO-ED, Inc Index AAC. See Augmentative and alternative communication CLD clients and, 446, 447Inc. (AAC) dementia and, 377 Abdominal muscles, 6, 7 dysarthria and, 369 Abuse, 161-162 fetal alcohol effects (FAE), 163-164 Academic skills, 150,220 fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), 162-163 Acceleration, 93 gastroesophagealPRO-ED, reflux and, 313, 319 Accent training, 240 Native Americans and, 446 Acetylcholine, 30 traumaticby brain injury (TBI) and, 391 Acoustic analysis, 95-96, 304 Alexia, 363 Acoustic immitance, 486-487 Allomorphs, definition of, 106 Acoustic neuromas, 480, 483 Allophones, definition of, 70, 208 Acoustic phonetics, definition of, 70 Alternate-form reliability, 530,567 Acoustic reflex, 465 materialAlternating motion rates (AMRs), 374 Acoustics, 468-471 Alveolar ducts, 2 Active sentences, 107 Alveolar ridge, 19 Adaptation effect, 264-265 Alzheimer's Association, 377 Adjacency effect, 266 Alzheimer's disease, 349, 372, 378-379 Adolescent Language Screening Test (ALST; Morgan & Alzheimer's Disease Education and Referral Center, 377 Guilford),179 copyrighted American Academy ofAudiology (AAA), 463 Adopted children, 433 © American Idol, 578 Aerodynamic measurements, 305-306 American Indian Hand Talk (AMER-IND), 191 Affricates, 82, 210, 218 American Psychiatric Association (APA), 155, 157, 164 African American English (AAE), 420-425, 438, 445, American Sign Language (ASL), 191, 503-504 447 American Speech-language-Hearing Association African Americans, 348, 415 (ASHA), 223, 357, 418, 463 Agnosia, 363-364 Au.D. and, 463 Agraphia, 363 clinical certification and, 653-654 AIDS, 382,447,612-614 Code of Ethics, 654 Air conduction of sound, 472 educational accreditation and, 652 Akinesia, 350 Functional Assessment ofCommunication Skills for Alaryngeal speech, 315 Adults (AHSA-FACS), 357 Alcohol goals of, 648-649 677 678 • IN D EX legislative regulations and, 656-660 subcortical aphasia, 354-355 membership categories, 649-650 transcortical motor aphasia (TMA), 350 multicultural issues' guidelines, 418 transcortical sensory aphasia (TSA), 352-353 National Outcome Measurement System (NOMS), treatment, 360-363 661 Wernicke's aphasia, 352 orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMD) and, 223 Aphasia Diagnostic Profiles (ADP; Helm-Estabrooks), 357 overview of, 647-650 Aphonia, 334 speech-language pathology assistants and, 655-656 Applied phonetics, definition of, 70 speech-language pathology professionals and, Approach avoidance, 270-271 651-652 Approximants, 79 American Stroke Association, 348 Apraxia ofspeech (AOS) American's with Disabilities Act (ADA), 658-659 assessment of, 367 Amplitude, 90, 94, 470 definition of, 365 Amsterdam-Nijmegen Everyday Language Test (ANELT; neuropathology of, 224, 365 Blomert, Kean, Koster, & Schokker), 358 overview of, 224-225, 347, 364-365 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 325, 369, 396 standardized tests and, 367 Angelman, Harry, 624 symptoms of, 365-366 Angelman syndrome, 624-625 treatment of, 368 Inc. Anger, 607 Arachnoid C(spider web"), 57 Angular gyrus, 49 Arcuate fasciculus, 55 Ankyloglossia (tongue-tie), 222 Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Ankylosis, 324 Dementia (ABeD; Bayles & Tomoeda), 384 Anomia, 354 Arteriosclerosis,PRO-ED, 447 Anomic aphasia, 354 Arthritis, 324 Antagonistic recovery theory, 447 Articulation,by See also Phonation; Resonation; Speech Anterior belly ofdigastric muscles, 22 sound disorders Anterior sounds, 79 African American English and, 421, 424 Anticipatory struggle hypothesis, 271 articulation development in children, 215-217 Anxiety, 602, 607 articulatory errors, 220-221 Aorta, 58 materialAsian speakers and, 430 Aperiodic waves and vibrations, 90, 468-469 assessment and, 621 Apert syndrome, 625 description of, 1 Aphasia dysarthria and, 370, 375 agnosia and, 363-364 fundamentals of, 17-22 agraphia and, 363 hard palate and, 21 alexia and, 363 copyrighted hearing impairments and, 223 Alzheimer's disease and, 349 language impairment in children and, 151-153 anomic aphasia, 354 © lip and cheeks and, 24-26 assessment of, 356-360 mandible and, 21-22 bilingual populations and, 355-356 manner ofarticulation, 77, 80-83, 209-210 Broca's aphasia, 349-350 overview of, 71 conduction aphasia, 353 pharynx and, 17-18 definition of, 348-349 place ofarticulation categories, 210 fluent aphasia, 351 soft palate (velum) and, 19-20 global aphasia, 351 Spanish speakers and, 426 mixed transcortical aphasia (MTA), 350-351 teeth and, 22-23 overview of, 347-348 tongue and, 23-24 Parkinson's disease and, 349 Articulatory and phonological skills development, See standardized tests and, 356-357, 449 also Phonation; Speech sound disorders strokes and, 348 articulation development in children and, 215-217 IN 0 EX • 679 definitions, 209 infants and toddlers, 171-172 infant development oflanguage skills and, 214-215 instruments and measures, 171,173, 174, 177, 179, manner ofarticulation categories, 209-210 181-182 overview of, 207 interpreters and, 442 phonological development in children, 217-219 interview, 520-521 place of articulation categories, 210 language comprehension, 176 substitution processes, 217-218 language sampling, 167-168 syllable structure processes, 218 loudness, 308 theories of development, 211-213 medical history and, 518 theories of development oflanguage skills and, morpheme counting rules, 169 211-213 nonstandard assessment measures, 530-532 Aryepiglotic muscles, 36 occupational history and, 519 Aryepiglottic folds, 12-13, 292 phonation, 308, 309, 620, 621-622 Arytenoid cartilage, 9, 10, 13, 293-295 pitch, 305 Arytenoid muscles, 10, 11, 36, 292-295 play activities, 172 ASHA. See American Speech-Language-Hearing portfolio assessments, 535 Association (ASHA) prenatal history and, 518 Asian language influence on English, 427-429 preschool and elementaryInc. children, 172-176 Asian population, 415, 446, 448 procedural checklist, 166 Asperger, Hans, 155 prognosis and, 519 Asperger's syndrome, 155, 157 protocols, 168 Asphyxia, 482 questionnaires, 531 Assessment, See also Language disorders in children; rating scales,PRO-ED, 531 Standardized tests; Treatment resonance, 308,622 adolescents, 176-181 respiration,by 308 alternative approaches, 167 right hemisphere syndrome, 388-389 aphasia, 356-360 screening, 166-167 apraxia ofspeech (AOS), 367 screening and, 517 articulation disorders, 621 speech and language sample and, 521-523 authentic assessments, 535 materialspeech sound disorders, 225-231 biological factors, 170 standard assessment procedures, 516-524 caregiver interaction and, 171-172 standardized assessment, 167 case history, 517 stuttering, 272-274 clefts and, 620-622 swallowing disorders, 398-399 client-specific assessments, 534 team approach, 441 comprehensive and integratedcopyrighted assessments, 535-536 traumatic brain injury (TBI) and, 392-393 criterion-referenced assessments, 534 type-token ratio (TTR), 168 cultural-linguistic considerations,© 436-442, 551-552 velopharyngeal function, 620-621 definition of, 515 voice disorders, 300-309 dementia, 384 Assessment ofPreterm Infants' Behavior (APIB; Als, developmental inventories, 532 Lester, Tronick, & Brazelton), 173 diagnosis differentiated from, 515 Assimilation, 88 dynamic assessments, 535 Assimilative nasality, 311 dysarthria, 374-375 Association fibers, 55 educational history and, 518-519 Asthma, 322 environmental factors, 170 Ataxic CP, 159 family and, 517-518, 533 Ataxic dysarthria, 370 functional assessments, 532-534 Athetoid CP, 159 guidelines, 171-172, 174, 179-181 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), hearing impairments, 228, 485-491, 520 164-165 680 • IN D EX Audience size effect, 266 Basal ganglia, 44, 55, 372, 381 Auditory agnosia, 363-364 Base morphemes, definition of, 106 Auditory attention, 135 Basic interpersonal communication skills (BICS), 434 Auditory brainstem response (ABR), 487 Basilar artery, 58, 59 Auditory comprehension, 358, 360-363, 393 Basilar membrane, 466 Auditory discrimination, 135, 220, 233 Battell Development Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-2; Auditory feedback, 269 N ewborg), 173 Auditory memory, 135-136 Bayley Scales ofInfant Development-Third Edition (BDIS­ Auditory nervous system, 466-467 III; Bayley), 173 Auditory phonetics, definition of, 70 Behavioral Inattention Test (BIT; Wilson, Cockburn, & Auditory processing, 135 Halligan), 389 Auditory rate, 136 Behavioral problems, 163 Auditory sequencing, 136 Behavioral theory in counseling, 603-604 Auditory system Behavioral theory oflanguage development, 129-130, acoustics, 468-471 211-212 assessment, 485-491 Bel, definition of, 91 assistive devices, 499 Bell, Alexander Graham, 94, 470 audiograms, 475, 477-479,481, 490,492 Bell's palsy, 162 Inc. auditory nervous system, 466-467 Bells Test (Gauthier, Dehaut, & Joanette), 389 aural rehabilitation, 495 Bermouli effect, 13 central auditory disorders, 482-483 Bilabials, 80, 210 cochlear implants, 497-498 Bilateral paralysis, 323 communication disorder treatments, 491-494 Bilingual Aphasia Test (BAT: Paradis), 357 communication training, 500-504 Bilingual populations,PRO-ED, 239-241, 355-356, 431-433, 435, cued speech and, 501 See byalso Culturally and lingually diverse (CLD) hearing aids, 496-497 clients hearing impairments, 223, 228, 473-480 Bipolar neurons, 29 normal hearing, 472-473 Birth defects, 479 overview of, 463 Birth to 3 Developmental Scale-Second Edition (ELM physiology ofhearing, 464-467 materialScale-2; Coplan), 173 retrocochlear disorders, 483-484 Birthweight, 162,632 speech reading, 501 Blends, 83 tactile aids, 499 Blessed Dementia Scale (Hachinsky, Iliff, Zilhka,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Muscular System Views
    1 PRE-LAB EXERCISES Before coming to lab, get familiar with a few muscle groups we’ll be exploring during lab. Using Visible Body’s Human Anatomy Atlas, go to the Views section. Under Systems, scroll down to the Muscular System views. Select the view Expression and find the following muscles. When you select a muscle, note the book icon in the content box. Selecting this icon allows you to read the muscle’s definition. 1. Occipitofrontalis (epicranius) 2. Orbicularis oculi 3. Orbicularis oris 4. Nasalis 5. Zygomaticus major Return to Muscular System views, select the view Head Rotation and find the following muscles. 1. Sternocleidomastoid 2. Scalene group (anterior, middle, posterior) 2 IN-LAB EXERCISES Use the following modules to guide your exploration of the head and neck region of the muscular system. As you explore the modules, locate the muscles on any charts, models, or specimen available. Please note that these muscles act on the head and neck – those that are located in the neck but act on the back are in a separate section. When reviewing the action of a muscle, it will be helpful to think about where the muscle is located and where the insertion is. Muscle physiology requires that a muscle will “pull” instead of “push” during contraction, and the insertion is the part that will move. Imagine that the muscle is “pulling” on the bone or tissue it is attached to at the insertion. Access 3D views and animated muscle actions in Visible Body’s Human Anatomy Atlas, which will be especially helpful to visualize muscle actions.
    [Show full text]
  • Consonant Intelligibility of Alaryngeal Talkers: Pilot Data* P.C
    CLINICAL ARTICLE Consonant Intelligibility of Alaryngeal Talkers: Pilot Data* P.c. Doyle and J.L Danhauer Abstract Until recently those larygectomized patients who This study investigated the intelligibility of conson­ had met with limited success in acquiring functional eso­ ants produced by two highly proficient and well­ phageal speech were given the sole alternative of using matched alaryngeal talkers, one esophageal (E) and one either externally applied or intraoral artificial laryngeal tracheoesophagea/ (TE). A group of professional and a devices (Salmon and Goldstein, 1979). However, the group of lay listeners orthographically transcribed their recent development of the tracheosophageal (TE) punc­ responses to the speech stimuli. The data were co/­ ture technique (Singer and Blom, 1980) and use of a lapsed into confusion matrices, pooled across listener prosthetic "air shunt" may offer a remarkably successful groups for each talker, and analyzed for the perceptual! and viable alternative for the patient incapable of acquir­ productive features for each talker. The most frequent ing traditional esophageal speech. Further, TE speech perceptual confusion observed for both talkers related has the benefit of being supplied by the pulmonary air to the voicing feature. Based on these pilot data, the TE source, thereby distinguishing it aerodynamically from talker was perceived to be more intelligible than the E the characteristics of esophageal speech. Although both talker. TE and esophageal speech use the pharyngeoesopha­ geal (PE) segment as an alaryngeal voicing source, the Consonant Intelligibility Alaryngeal differences in aerodynamic support and esophageal 0/ insufflation for voicing are critical factors to consider in Talkers: Pilot Data the alaryngeal speech which is ultimately produced.
    [Show full text]
  • Voice Rehabilitation After Laryngectomy Voice Rehabilitation After Laryngectomy
    AIJOC REVIEW ARTICLE Voice Rehabilitation after Laryngectomy Voice Rehabilitation after Laryngectomy 1Audrey B Erman, 2Daniel G Deschler 1Department of Otology and Laryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 2Director, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otology and Laryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Correspondence: Audrey B Erman, Department of Otology and Laryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Abstract Improvements in voice rehabilitation over the past century have paralleled the surgical success of laryngectomy. The establishment of the tracheoesophageal puncture marked a turning point in the development of successful and dependable voice rehabilitation. Surgical options include both primary and secondary placement of a tracheoesophageal puncture. Though complications, such as pharyngoesophageal spasm or prosthesis leakage may occur, patients should expect functional voice restoration after laryngectomy. Keywords: Voice rehabilitation, Laryngectomy, Tracheoesophageal puncture, Pharyngoesophageal spasm. INTRODUCTION mechanical and electric options, and many are still used today as a bridge prior to tracheoesophageal speech. Even in the current era of evolving organ preservation The development of esophageal speech may be attainable protocols for treating laryngeal cancer, total laryngectomy by some patients after laryngectomy. With this technique, continues to play a prominent role in curative treatment air is swallowed into the cervical esophagus and then plans. Soon after the first reports of the laryngectomy expelled, vibrating the patient’s own pharyngoesophageal procedure by Billroth, voice rehabilitation was likewise tissue forming a “pseudoglottis” which produces a introduced as an important element in the treatment of functional, yet limited sound source for speech formation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of the Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle in the Development of Cleft Palate-Associated Middle Ear Problems
    Clin Oral Invest DOI 10.1007/s00784-016-1828-x REVIEW The role of the tensor veli palatini muscle in the development of cleft palate-associated middle ear problems David S. P. Heidsieck1 & Bram J. A. Smarius1 & Karin P. Q. Oomen2 & Corstiaan C. Breugem1 Received: 8 July 2015 /Accepted: 17 April 2016 # The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Conclusion More research is warranted to clarify the role of Objective Otitis media with effusion is common in infants the tensor veli palatini muscle in cleft palate-associated with an unrepaired cleft palate. Although its prevalence is Eustachian tube dysfunction and development of middle ear reduced after cleft surgery, many children continue to suffer problems. from middle ear problems during childhood. While the tensor Clinical relevance Optimized surgical management of cleft veli palatini muscle is thought to be involved in middle ear palate could potentially reduce associated middle ear ventilation, evidence about its exact anatomy, function, and problems. role in cleft palate surgery is limited. This study aimed to perform a thorough review of the lit- Keywords Cleft palate . Eustachian tube . Otitis media with erature on (1) the role of the tensor veli palatini muscle in the effusion . Tensor veli palatini muscle Eustachian tube opening and middle ear ventilation, (2) ana- tomical anomalies in cleft palate infants related to middle ear disease, and (3) their implications for surgical techniques used in cleft palate repair. Introduction Materials and methods A literature search on the MEDLINE database was performed using a combination of the keywords Otitis media with effusion is very common in infants with an Btensor veli palatini muscle,^ BEustachian tube,^ Botitis media unrepaired cleft palate under the age of 2 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Axis Scientific Skull with Muscle Origins and Insertions A-108851
    Axis Scientific Skull with Muscle Origins and Insertions A-108851 *Muscle Origins = RED Anterior View Occipital Bone Posterior View *Muscle Insertions = BLUE Posterior Cerebral Artery Frontal Bone Basilar Artery Pontine Arteries Parietal Bone Nasal Bone Temporal Bone Sphenoid Bone Temporalis Parietal Bone Occipitofrontalis Occipital Bone Lacrimal Bone Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Temporalis Semispinalis Capitis Temporal Bone Corrugator Supercilii Splenius Capitis Longissimus Capitis Orbicularis Oculi Obliquus Capitis Superior Temporal Basilar Artery Bone Procerus Rectis Capitis C1 Posterior Major Vertebral Artery Levator Labii Superioris C2 Alaeque Nasi Rectis Capitis Posterior Minor Sphenoid Levator Labii Superioris Posterior Digastric Zygomatic Bone Bone C3 Nasalis (Transverse Part) Rectis Capitis C4 Masseter Lateralis Spinal Nerve Zygomaticus Major C5 Zygomatic Medial Pterygoid Bone Zygomaticus Minor C6 Temporalis Mylohyoid C7 Mandible Levator Anguli Oris Vomer Nasalis (Alar Part) Spinal Nerve Spinal Cord Maxilla Orbicularis Oris Depressor Septi Nasi Masseter Medial Superior Masseter Mandible Orbicularis Oris Constrictor Pterygoid Inferior View Styloglossus Platysma Mylohyoid Depressor Stylohyoid Anguli Oris Anterior Stylopharyngeus Spinal Nerve Depressor Digastric Labii Inferioris Posterior Geniohyoid Digastric Vertebral Artery Mentalis Rectis Capitis Genioglossus Lateralis Rectis Capitis Buccinator Mandible Posterior Major Rectis Capitis Posterior Minor Frontal Bone Corrugator Supercilii Orbicularis Oculi Lacrimal Bone Depressor
    [Show full text]
  • Questions on Human Anatomy
    Standard Medical Text-books. ROBERTS’ PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. The Theory and Practice of Medicine. By Frederick T. Roberts, m.d. Third edi- tion. Octavo. Price, cloth, $6.00; leather, $7.00 Recommended at University of Pennsylvania. Long Island College Hospital, Yale and Harvard Colleges, Bishop’s College, Montreal; Uni- versity of Michigan, and over twenty other medical schools. MEIGS & PEPPER ON CHILDREN. A Practical Treatise on Diseases of Children. By J. Forsyth Meigs, m.d., and William Pepper, m.d. 7th edition. 8vo. Price, cloth, $6.00; leather, $7.00 Recommended at thirty-five of the principal medical colleges in the United States, including Bellevue Hospital, New York, University of Pennsylvania, and Long Island College Hospital. BIDDLE’S MATERIA MEDICA. Materia Medica, for the Use of Students and Physicians. By the late Prof. John B Biddle, m.d., Professor of Materia Medica in Jefferson Medical College, Phila- delphia. The Eighth edition. Octavo. Price, cloth, $4.00 Recommended in colleges in all parts of the UnitedStates. BYFORD ON WOMEN. The Diseases and Accidents Incident to Women. By Wm. H. Byford, m.d., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children in the Chicago Medical College. Third edition, revised. 164 illus. Price, cloth, $5.00; leather, $6.00 “ Being particularly of use where questions of etiology and general treatment are concerned.”—American Journal of Obstetrics. CAZEAUX’S GREAT WORK ON OBSTETRICS. A practical Text-book on Midwifery. The most complete book now before the profession. Sixth edition, illus. Price, cloth, $6.00 ; leather, $7.00 Recommended at nearly fifty medical schools in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • The Articulatory System Chapter 6 Speech Science/ COMD 6305 UTD/ Callier Center William F. Katz, Ph.D
    The articulatory system Chapter 6 Speech Science/ COMD 6305 UTD/ Callier Center William F. Katz, Ph.D. STRUCTURE/FUNCTION VOCAL TRACT CLASSIFICATION OF CONSONANTS AND VOWELS MORE ON RESONANCE ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS/ SPECTROGRAMS SUPRSEGMENTALS, COARTICULATION 1 Midsagittal dissection From Kent, 1997 2 Oral Cavity 3 Oral Structures – continued • Moistened by saliva • Lined by mucosa • Saliva affected by meds 4 Tonsils • PALATINE* (laterally – seen in oral periph • LINGUAL (inf.- root of tongue) • ADENOIDS (sup.) [= pharyngeal] • Palatine, lingual tonsils are larger in children • *removed in tonsillectomy 5 Adenoid Facies • Enlargement from infection may cause problems (adenoid facies) • Can cause problems with nasal sounds or voicing • Adenoidectomy; also tonsillectomy (for palatine tonsils) 6 Adenoid faces (example) 7 Oral structures - frenulum Important component of oral periphery exam Lingual frenomy – for ankyloglossia “tongue-tie” Some doctors will snip for infants, but often will loosen by itself 8 Hard Palate Much variability in palate shape and height Very high vault 9 Teeth 10 Dentition - details Primary (deciduous, milk teeth) Secondary (permanent) n=20: n=32: ◦ 2 incisor ◦ 4 incisor ◦ 1 canine ◦ 2 canine ◦ 2 molar ◦ 4 premolar (bicuspid) Just for “fun” – baby ◦ 6 molar teeth pushing in! NOTE: x 2 for upper and lower 11 Types of malocclusion • Angle’s classification: • I, II, III • Also, individual teeth can be misaligned (e.g. labioversion) Also “Neutrocclusion/ distocclusion/mesiocclusion” 12 Dental Occlusion –continued Other terminology 13 Mandible Action • Primary movements are elevation and depression • Also…. protrusion/retraction • Lateral grinding motion 14 Muscles of Jaw Elevation Like alligators, we are much stronger at jaw elevation (closing to head) than depression 15 Jaw Muscles ELEVATORS DEPRESSORS •Temporalis ✓ •Mylohyoid ✓ •Masseter ✓ •Geniohyoid✓ •Internal (medial) Pterygoid ✓ •Anterior belly of the digastric (- Kent) •Masseter and IP part of “mandibular sling” •External (lateral) pterygoid(?)-- also protrudes and rocks side to side.
    [Show full text]
  • Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 13: 2
    LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 13 : 2 February 2013 ISSN 1930-2940 Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D. B. A. Sharada, Ph.D. A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D. Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D. Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D. S. M. Ravichandran, Ph.D. G. Baskaran, Ph.D. L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D. Assistant Managing Editor: Swarna Thirumalai, M.A. Vowel Duration across Age and Dialects of Telugu Language Krishna Y, Ph.D. (Sp. & Hg.), CCC-A B. Rajashekhar, Ph.D. Abstract Vowel duration, one of the important acoustic characteristics, is important in vowel perception. Vowel duration varies based on individual, linguistic and non-linguistic characteristics. This study was to study vowel duration in all Telugu vowels across different gender, region and age groups. Using cross sectional study design, a total of 4320 tokens from 72 randomly selected Telugu speaking participants from three age groups, two gender and three region groups were analyzed. Vowel duration of the target vowel was extracted and analyzed using spectrogram. From the results it is interpreted that significant variations in vowel duration of vowels in Telugu exist between children, adolescents and adults; Coastal, Rayalaseema and Telengana speakers. Vowels /e/ and /a:/ had longest vowel duration, while short and long vowels /i/ have shortest vowel duration. Children found to have longer vowel duration as compared to adolescents or adults. Regional influences are seen on vowel duration. Rayalaseema speakers Language in India www.languageinindia.com 13 : 1 February 2013 Krishna Y, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Myloglossus in a Human Cadaver Study: Common Or Uncommon Anatomical Structure? B
    Folia Morphol. Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 74–81 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2016.0044 O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Copyright © 2017 Via Medica ISSN 0015–5659 www.fm.viamedica.pl The myloglossus in a human cadaver study: common or uncommon anatomical structure? B. Buffoli*, M. Ferrari*, F. Belotti, D. Lancini, M.A. Cocchi, M. Labanca, M. Tschabitscher, R. Rezzani, L.F. Rodella Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy [Received: 1 June 2016; Accepted: 18 July 2016] Background: Additional extrinsic muscles of the tongue are reported in literature and one of them is the myloglossus muscle (MGM). Since MGM is nowadays considered as anatomical variant, the aim of this study is to clarify some open questions by evaluating and describing the myloglossal anatomy (including both MGM and its ligamentous counterpart) during human cadaver dissections. Materials and methods: Twenty-one regions (including masticator space, sublin- gual space and adjacent areas) were dissected and the presence and appearance of myloglossus were considered, together with its proximal and distal insertions, vascularisation and innervation. Results: The myloglossus was present in 61.9% of cases with muscular, ligamen- tous or mixed appearance and either bony or muscular insertion. Facial artery pro- vided myloglossal vascularisation in the 84.62% and lingual artery in the 15.38%; innervation was granted by the trigeminal system (buccal nerve and mylohyoid nerve), sometimes (46.15%) with hypoglossal component. Conclusions: These data suggest us to not consider myloglossus as a rare ana- tomical variant.
    [Show full text]
  • Head & Neck Muscle Table
    Robert Frysztak, PhD. Structure of the Human Body Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine HEAD‐NECK MUSCLE TABLE PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT DISTAL ATTACHMENT MUSCLE INNERVATION MAIN ACTIONS BLOOD SUPPLY MUSCLE GROUP (ORIGIN) (INSERTION) Anterior floor of orbit lateral to Oculomotor nerve (CN III), inferior Abducts, elevates, and laterally Inferior oblique Lateral sclera deep to lateral rectus Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular nasolacrimal canal division rotates eyeball Inferior aspect of eyeball, posterior to Oculomotor nerve (CN III), inferior Depresses, adducts, and laterally Inferior rectus Common tendinous ring Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular corneoscleral junction division rotates eyeball Lateral aspect of eyeball, posterior to Lateral rectus Common tendinous ring Abducent nerve (CN VI) Abducts eyeball Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular corneoscleral junction Medial aspect of eyeball, posterior to Oculomotor nerve (CN III), inferior Medial rectus Common tendinous ring Adducts eyeball Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular corneoscleral junction division Passes through trochlea, attaches to Body of sphenoid (above optic foramen), Abducts, depresses, and medially Superior oblique superior sclera between superior and Trochlear nerve (CN IV) Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular medial to origin of superior rectus rotates eyeball lateral recti Superior aspect of eyeball, posterior to Oculomotor nerve (CN III), superior Elevates, adducts, and medially Superior rectus Common tendinous ring Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular the corneoscleral junction division
    [Show full text]
  • Initial Stage of Fetal Development of the Pharyngotympanic Tube Cartilage with Special Reference to Muscle Attachments to the Tube
    Original Article http://dx.doi.org/10.5115/acb.2012.45.3.185 pISSN 2093-3665 eISSN 2093-3673 Initial stage of fetal development of the pharyngotympanic tube cartilage with special reference to muscle attachments to the tube Yukio Katori1, Jose Francisco Rodríguez-Vázquez2, Samuel Verdugo-López2, Gen Murakami3, Tetsuaki Kawase4,5, Toshimitsu Kobayashi5 1Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Sendai Municipal Hospital, Sendai, Japan, 2Department of Anatomy and Embryology II, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain, 3Division of Internal Medicine, Iwamizawa Kojin-kai Hospital, Iwamizawa, 4Laboratory of Rehabilitative Auditory Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 5Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan Abstract: Fetal development of the cartilage of the pharyngotympanic tube (PTT) is characterized by its late start. We examined semiserial histological sections of 20 human fetuses at 14-18 weeks of gestation. As controls, we also observed sections of 5 large fetuses at around 30 weeks. At and around 14 weeks, the tubal cartilage first appeared in the posterior side of the pharyngeal opening of the PTT. The levator veli palatini muscle used a mucosal fold containing the initial cartilage for its downward path to the palate. Moreover, the cartilage is a limited hard attachment for the muscle. Therefore, the PTT and its cartilage seemed to play a critical role in early development of levator veli muscle. In contrast, the cartilage developed so that it extended laterally, along a fascia-like structure that connected with the tensor tympani muscle. This muscle appeared to exert mechanical stress on the initial cartilage.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Faces
    Making Faces Chris Landreth CSC2529, Session 4 31 January 2011 AU1,2 (Frontalis): 2 AU4 (Corrugator): 1 AU5 (Levitor Palpabrae): 3 AU6,44 (Orbicularis Oculi): 6 How AU9 (Alaeque Nasi Labius Superioris): 1 AU10 (Labius Superioris): 3 many AU12 (Zygomatic Major): 3 letters in AU14 (Buccinator): 3 AU15 (Triangularis): 3 this AU16 (Labius Inferioris): 1 alphabet? AU17 (Mentalis): 1 AU18 (Incisivus): 1 AU20 (Risorius/Platysma): 3 AU22,23 (Orbicularis Oris): 6 AU26 (Jaw): 4 _________________________________________________ TOTAL: 41 AU’s Putting the letters together into words: Expressions The six fundamental expressions: 1. Anger 2. Sadness 3. Disgust 4. Surprise 5. Fear 6. Happiness The six fundamental expressions: 1. Anger 2. Sadness 3. Disgust 4. Surprise 5. Fear 6. Happiness A Few Words of Anger Glaring: A Few Words of Anger Glaring: Slight creases in the middle brow (Currogator) Eyelids are slightly raised (Levitor Palpabrae) Lips are clenched backward (Buccinator) Slight downturn in lip corners (Triangularis) A Few Words of Anger Miffed: A Few Words of Anger Miffed: Classic, angry ‘v-shaped’ eyebrows (Currogator) Nasolabial fold deepens, Upper lip is squared off (A.N. Labius Superioris) Lower lip raises into a pout, Dimpling in the chin (Mentalis) A Few Words of Anger Pissed off: A Few Words of Anger Pissed off: Brow raises slightly (Frontalis) Sharper Nasolabial Fold, Raised upper lip (A.N. Labius Superioris) Lower lip juts out (Orb. Oris, Lower Lip out) A Few Words of Anger Very Pissed off: A Few Words of Anger Very Pissed off: Slight squinting (Orb. Oculi) Bared upper teeth (Orb. Oris, Upper Lip Out) Squared lower lip corners, Sharp tendon creases in her neck (Risorius/Platysma) A Few Words of Anger Consumed in Rage: A Few Words of Anger Consumed in Rage: Intense, asymmetrical squinting (Orb.
    [Show full text]